{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"822f03b9ae08","filters":{"venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium"}},"results":[{"id":"W2102372945","doi":"10.1109/freq.2007.4319292","title":"The Miniature Atomic Clock - Pre-Production Results","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","topic":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Microsemi (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Design for manufacturability; Computer science; Atomic clock; Production (economics); Sensitivity (control systems); Reliability engineering; Embedded system; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008527833503025956,"gpt":0.2680231544610606,"spread":0.2594953209580347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001017822,0.0001851487,0.0001834634,0.00006117598,0.0003146069,0.00009959193,0.001172089,0.00006367527,0.00001125765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007105793,0.0001144642,0.0002242105,0.000199885,0.0002093671,0.000294443,0.00007613661,0.0004021379,0.00001458801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001717724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001250576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002034888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006566097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981072,0.00001334202,0.0005518068,0.0003241471,0.0006311049,0.0003724151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983695,0.0001917427,0.0004446234,0.0002048537,0.0007189192,0.00007040974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001192978,0.0001958826,0.05309708,0.00001837644,0.0006452298,4.694605e-7,0.0009692428,0.00005214994,0.724834,0.1933649,0.01662146,0.009008256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006739986,0.000108598,0.02095241,0.0002870394,0.0002204383,0.00002343327,0.001352947,0.01496113,0.6394836,0.2781686,0.03673086,0.0009709305],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8972443,0.00008731156,0.0006270261,0.01098515,0.00398992,0.0006684114,0.0001110295,0.00003837589,0.08624847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930676,0.00001466841,0.00004296681,0.00006285666,0.002202322,0.00002995691,0.000005156027,0.00002133762,0.004553102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09582333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4667713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172450949","doi":"10.1109/freq.2007.4319104","title":"Precise Point Positioning for TAI computation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Computer science; Computation; Precise Point Positioning; Code (set theory); Time transfer; Link (geometry); Point (geometry); Simple (philosophy); Dual (grammatical number); Point-to-point; Phase (matter); Transfer (computing); Real-time computing; Algorithm; Telecommunications; Computer network; Parallel computing; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007280631042548887,"gpt":0.2695115556642635,"spread":0.2622309246217147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004472602,0.0001623391,0.0001868915,0.00008456445,0.0001778114,0.00005351621,0.0003874763,0.00004505181,0.00006966801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003666573,0.0001330501,0.0002225082,0.0001182512,0.00008695582,0.0004654029,0.00002024201,0.0001378598,0.000003428132],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000431178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004514559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001490666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987138,0.000004353047,0.0004643406,0.0002335101,0.000336029,0.0002479727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983616,0.0001331772,0.0004191827,0.000064428,0.0009686588,0.00005290683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003604399,0.0001828926,0.01973359,0.00004033431,0.0003752513,3.389027e-7,0.0004197246,0.001251116,0.595596,0.3750199,0.001619449,0.005400978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004945969,0.0002366695,0.002034929,0.0003058447,0.0001929994,0.00001089924,0.0002858083,0.007637228,0.3689893,0.6128719,0.001961364,0.0005270464],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1247132,0.00005659191,0.5686799,0.003991525,0.004090055,0.001611816,0.0006169721,0.00008103842,0.2961589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934289,9.103348e-7,0.004436198,0.00008241557,0.001493866,0.00005746807,0.00001429327,0.00002069704,0.0004652738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8687156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5425627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108870672","doi":"10.1109/freq.2007.4319105","title":"Further Characterization of the Time Transfer Capabilities of Precise Point Positioning (PPP)","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica","keywords":"Precise Point Positioning; Time transfer; Global Positioning System; GNSS applications; Computer science; Geodetic datum; GLONASS; Real-time computing; Satellite; Geodesy; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0037756195092153,"gpt":0.2127972776455277,"spread":0.2090216581363124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003822134,0.0001585195,0.0002489072,0.0000670312,0.00007648402,0.00001628227,0.0005401774,0.00005086055,0.0002968706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002546299,0.0001070034,0.0002704651,0.0001542409,0.0002369516,0.0003862933,0.00002379387,0.0001454319,0.000001782826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006359183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005336424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007837248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001612238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985678,0.00001321179,0.0006165707,0.0001768729,0.0004501513,0.0001754233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998538,0.00007314917,0.0004032298,0.0001286406,0.0008276852,0.00002925378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001087679,0.00009083426,0.02025088,0.00003004108,0.0001485166,3.857328e-8,0.0008928323,0.00007104517,0.9336116,0.04436691,0.000008799644,0.0004196795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009990729,0.00006787223,0.007669178,0.0002667384,0.00009231249,0.000001665171,0.0001260118,0.0003777369,0.9616783,0.02848056,0.000095483,0.0001450265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9407771,0.00001646969,0.006406522,0.001379031,0.0007830492,0.0005442829,0.0005677206,0.00001380845,0.04951199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987194,0.000001822833,0.0001749314,0.00003487101,0.0004075659,0.00001865906,0.000006896592,0.00001775868,0.0006180786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05794229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4363473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123639244","doi":"10.1109/freq.2007.4319290","title":"Ultra low cost base station timing module","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","topic":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Base station; Synchronization (alternating current); Electrical engineering; Computer science; Power (physics); Electronic engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01500532967547161,"gpt":0.2757915707737909,"spread":0.2607862410983193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005649601,0.0001209482,0.0001250778,0.0001002506,0.000129302,0.000150573,0.0005614986,0.00002643244,0.0001968464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006410541,0.00009112278,0.0001317762,0.0001637615,0.0001267466,0.000596142,0.00002307188,0.0001307818,0.00001756277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007242059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006205997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003300998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006387935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985659,0.000005716348,0.0003281462,0.0002231057,0.0005983021,0.0002788892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988865,0.00009026038,0.000235723,0.00009237858,0.0006100539,0.00008508774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009731253,0.0001179534,0.09222401,0.00001647346,0.00008893862,4.038504e-7,0.0002067209,0.0002063146,0.8618052,0.0417674,0.001787631,0.001681651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001604119,0.00004029145,0.00850897,0.000105312,0.00003052665,0.000002453321,0.0003590188,0.004196191,0.9505116,0.03391105,0.0005071768,0.0002232432],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.825048,0.00001567842,0.01484771,0.002302923,0.00192385,0.0006378634,0.0003020047,0.00003153577,0.1548904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978088,0.000001471482,0.0003321769,0.00007482703,0.0004241052,0.00003049888,0.0000127707,0.00001138515,0.001304029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1727607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3715879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106021325","doi":"10.1109/freq.2007.4319046","title":"Jitter reduction of the 729 nm clock laser for a Ca+ optical frequency standard","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Laser linewidth; Laser; Metastability; Zeeman effect; Physics; Atomic clock; Atomic physics; Ground state; Optics; Magnetic field; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00692858840013835,"gpt":0.2558391409043703,"spread":0.248910552504232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005976235,0.0002528531,0.0003353217,0.00008438963,0.0001894457,0.00003970697,0.000859658,0.00009641615,0.0001637811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008841824,0.0001678319,0.000455279,0.0002092629,0.0003210556,0.000404435,0.00004863124,0.000295322,0.00000300542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001828729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001359084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001066474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005599378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978841,0.00001059814,0.0007389648,0.0003311333,0.0006686288,0.000366584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976042,0.0001145121,0.0006297765,0.0002031105,0.001378361,0.00007005939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004868332,0.0001613665,0.02614906,0.00005778912,0.0004267511,2.667008e-7,0.0002977106,0.0001664442,0.6285787,0.3402872,0.002131733,0.001256168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003286628,0.0002306735,0.001916788,0.000262615,0.0002392063,0.00001329262,0.0002456127,0.0002262053,0.7581048,0.2312021,0.003902356,0.0003697295],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7459748,0.0001123154,0.03040618,0.009982282,0.007846772,0.002508363,0.002018539,0.00005815909,0.2010925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951808,0.000002675149,0.001761794,0.0000865136,0.001861052,0.00007581173,0.000006267438,0.00003104791,0.0009940366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2492059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6843985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}