{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":12,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"bca7db529f5a","filters":{"venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy"}},"results":[{"id":"W1988307083","doi":"10.1680/ener.2010.163.3.107","title":"Hydro-environmental modeling of proposed Severn barrage, UK","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Estuary; Hydrology (agriculture); Benthic zone; Environmental science; Sediment; Current (fluid); Oceanography; Tidal current; Flood myth; Channel (broadcasting); Deposition (geology); Geology; Geomorphology; Geography; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Reza Ahmadian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger A. Falconer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Binliang Lin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00393509824554355,"gpt":0.1668675567276702,"spread":0.1629324584821266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001115015,0.0003093061,0.0002700936,0.0002220989,0.0005597235,0.001045124,0.0006100406,0.0008718029,0.005578399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005146673,0.0003402887,0.00031199,0.0004744873,0.0005107978,0.0006861227,0.0007684782,0.0003840868,0.0007148127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001366148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001010938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1142135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1337734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998846,0.00002548211,0.000007380589,0.0000274533,0.00003341571,0.00002168432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998798,0.0000264143,0.00002014298,0.00001494745,0.00003061828,0.0000279504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009605806,0.00002876056,0.01079103,0.00005228686,0.00001281293,0.0004103712,0.0002529478,0.9734437,0.003327283,0.004542121,0.001613648,0.005429002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005389162,0.00008379847,0.01420298,0.00002820849,0.00001402217,0.00009601605,0.0003846975,0.9691747,0.0005205505,0.001667039,0.01374592,0.00002834215],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8770158,0.0004856219,0.04152902,0.0007224861,0.0001168056,0.0001480038,0.002908182,0.0003115182,0.07676265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974176,0.0002599656,0.0061435,0.00002818047,0.00001097675,0.00009598384,0.0008720401,0.00005167122,0.01836158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1142135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2270974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400189537","doi":"10.1680/jener.15.00035","title":"The power available to tidal turbines in an open channel flow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Froude number; Turbine; Mechanics; Wake; Tidal power; Flow (mathematics); Tip-speed ratio; Power (physics); Open-channel flow; Environmental science; Marine engineering; Geology; Control theory (sociology); Meteorology; Physics; Engineering; Aerodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"G. T. Houlsby","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Vogel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01171692049863836,"gpt":0.2104020070479758,"spread":0.1986850865493375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001528928,0.0002373712,0.0003237774,0.000308842,0.000246166,0.0006670897,0.0004271306,0.0003919917,0.001929655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004406966,0.0002052275,0.0002600196,0.0004006957,0.0006859145,0.001040243,0.0005133653,0.0003306548,0.0001865942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000425258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004840147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001562492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002007849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999095,0.00001540667,0.0000040092,0.00001673204,0.00003546418,0.00001879969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998412,0.00009839138,0.00001926897,0.000007641153,0.00001949678,0.00001391789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001473313,0.0000690748,0.002746765,0.0001834586,0.00002170633,0.0003993951,0.0001081754,0.8768057,0.03517872,0.03343782,0.0009735439,0.04992832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002384411,0.0001100585,0.00354956,0.00001534031,0.00001302427,0.00008620694,0.00008857404,0.9753615,0.00440291,0.01450117,0.001832193,0.00001571719],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5070998,0.001088921,0.4554828,0.0005008263,0.0001037332,0.00006071053,0.0003343526,0.0001440361,0.03518485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857137,0.0003527712,0.005750192,0.00002374188,0.00002224692,0.00002071598,0.00006630983,0.00002363214,0.008026652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001929655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006455302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094910885","doi":"10.1680/ener.2011.164.3.101","title":"Transpired solar collectors for ventilation air heating","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of Surrey","keywords":"Ventilation (architecture); Payback period; Solar energy; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Energy performance; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Efficient energy use; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Richard Hall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoxin Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raymond Ogden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucia Elghali","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01965736609122288,"gpt":0.1957726644545913,"spread":0.1761152983633684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004195157,0.000241221,0.0003545479,0.0006667696,0.0004401009,0.001071494,0.0006327396,0.0004902699,0.006913722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004714731,0.0002435359,0.0006160177,0.001223197,0.0002567454,0.0007741506,0.0004568064,0.0006721488,0.002283498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006833776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004672654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001630105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004901738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999435,0.00006473855,0.00002232916,0.00008961738,0.0003388845,0.0000495138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997929,0.00003995905,0.00001880693,0.00002649753,0.0001104497,0.00001138039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005289821,0.0001607501,0.003646372,0.002104659,0.0001281616,0.0005319482,0.0005010543,0.006032228,0.4086797,0.01155704,0.007697753,0.5584313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001224422,0.0008833614,0.0110776,0.0004334261,0.0001975027,0.002333749,0.0003788174,0.008988822,0.5786687,0.002856661,0.393953,0.0001059027],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4457975,0.1166307,0.217285,0.001068035,0.001652814,0.0005120914,0.001425348,0.002376475,0.213252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8870872,0.02053594,0.03083474,0.0002341259,0.0001417024,0.00006762615,0.0006068092,0.0001508597,0.06034105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006913722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02312869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011600637","doi":"10.1680/ener.10.00018","title":"Monitoring carbon dioxide storage using passive seismic techniques","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Caprock; Carbon dioxide; Geophone; Induced seismicity; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Leakage (economics); Geology; Software deployment; Mining engineering; Seismology; Climate change; Engineering; Oceanography; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"James P. Verdon","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. M. Kendall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Don White","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01095699750107677,"gpt":0.2210734701270946,"spread":0.2101164726260178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001359199,0.0002670201,0.0001530067,0.0006672852,0.0001532448,0.0003401377,0.0002910738,0.0003409732,0.000666278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004296557,0.0001207879,0.0001201188,0.0007042761,0.0001474976,0.000391534,0.000208538,0.0001460945,0.0001482343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002720278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001612583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002707143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005156107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998972,0.00001672178,0.000004613579,0.00002974696,0.00004287686,0.000008683259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998277,0.00005615086,0.0000280706,0.00001758447,0.00005878574,0.00001160714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005130717,0.0002007813,0.07839956,0.0002207521,0.00007373692,0.0002380043,0.0004481851,0.07104506,0.7108261,0.001635029,0.001170472,0.1352292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008383963,0.00085796,0.1701521,0.00004288771,0.0001409626,0.0005682276,0.0005301147,0.5111309,0.3056939,0.001789328,0.0088953,0.0001144349],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498399,0.0001231634,0.04045067,0.0001129671,0.00001783417,0.00003358233,0.000939325,0.0003713726,0.008111149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864317,0.0001166606,0.01212869,0.00001495075,0.000008914993,0.00001831093,0.0003947924,0.00001762876,0.0008682609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002707143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005382717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400580978","doi":"10.1680/jener.2024.177.3.95","title":"Editorial: Towards Net-Zero ‘Greenhouse Gas’ Emissions by 2050","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Zero emission; Environmental science; Zero (linguistics); Net (polyhedron); Natural resource economics; Economics; Waste management; Engineering; Mathematics; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Geoffrey P. Hammond","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002925934468661916,"gpt":0.1850478159530538,"spread":0.1821218814843919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005402422,0.004716462,0.003587267,0.002542637,0.003023965,0.008230954,0.004634159,0.0177419,0.03863577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01942026,0.001289275,0.00316904,0.001586405,0.003575954,0.007285545,0.001789051,0.02358858,0.04701289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003196908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002809449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002239407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003685672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964863,0.0004162758,0.0003621616,0.0006619664,0.001787895,0.0002853637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9859897,0.005444954,0.0008098417,0.0004572857,0.005510259,0.001788006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002703872,0.00001153443,0.00002018572,0.0001771506,0.000007122658,0.00004699234,0.00001152374,0.00002336501,0.00004673611,0.0002361433,0.9962882,0.003104008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005067951,0.00003742229,0.0002767631,0.0004439223,0.00002561588,0.0001384424,0.00005248795,0.0001040317,0.0001167839,0.001017266,0.9977101,0.0000265102],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003747617,0.00290951,0.00009296252,0.03473291,0.9594377,0.0000291458,0.0001689811,0.00009650195,0.002494835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004261014,0.003608525,0.0001135755,0.03601047,0.9475854,0.00003773974,0.00009958433,0.00006435064,0.01205431],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03863577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1292495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979985589","doi":"10.1680/ener.2007.160.4.151","title":"Adoption of energy efficiency innovations in new UK housing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Energy Efficiency and Management","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Quarter (Canadian coin); Business; Order (exchange); Efficient energy use; Housing industry; Sociotechnical system; Marketing; Economic growth; Engineering; Economics; Finance; Management","authors":[{"name":"Jesse S. Ko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Fenner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009642287591808909,"gpt":0.2108230125599798,"spread":0.2011807249681709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00507789,0.0001531535,0.0002435315,0.0007655512,0.002329954,0.003310995,0.0005687797,0.001044727,0.002867208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01642255,0.0003341008,0.0001954113,0.0008581828,0.002605668,0.002388929,0.00303095,0.001212708,0.0002381506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007974358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004119015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03742478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1044695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938982,0.003073273,0.0002510468,0.0004508023,0.001516291,0.0008103562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98755,0.006977605,0.001856995,0.0006297605,0.00196032,0.001025249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002732663,0.0003985932,0.09561709,0.0002647214,0.00002294789,0.002484072,0.8029748,0.000369578,0.002999892,0.01082434,0.003144383,0.08062628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004658626,0.0005838014,0.2408404,0.000370247,0.0000242918,0.0006561818,0.6600798,0.001413927,0.001847628,0.001164007,0.09288441,0.00008876636],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907924,0.0002315893,0.0002888898,0.001109574,0.00002681779,0.00003994863,0.00001456393,0.000004305443,0.007491953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960077,0.0002752114,0.0002268432,0.000164509,0.000004912199,0.00002094753,0.00001519346,0.000004595352,0.003280141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03742478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0744139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148855793","doi":"10.1680/ener.11.00035","title":"Prospects for underground coal gasification in Alberta, Canada","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Innovates","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Coal; Mining engineering; Geology; Resource (disambiguation); Coal mining; Underground coal gasification; Fossil fuel; Mineral resource classification; Borehole; Environmental science; Waste management; Geochemistry; Engineering; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Rick J. H. Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Surindar Singh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008661904628220822,"gpt":0.1833023953174246,"spread":0.1746404906892037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005262295,0.0004077416,0.0001836991,0.0008916109,0.003826751,0.002494727,0.00110492,0.001673034,0.01772796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004666116,0.0001653586,0.0003929731,0.001326354,0.001183006,0.0007959286,0.001207189,0.001075231,0.0009602952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03407775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1327671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9808213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9923659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999374,0.00001950574,0.000008927263,0.00003169466,0.0002109986,0.0003548738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993671,0.00002505181,0.00001966999,0.00001235645,0.0003076063,0.0002682577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001159457,0.0004374849,0.06401242,0.001225265,0.00009210507,0.004186149,0.001423367,0.01231925,0.01686201,0.1600536,0.3294909,0.408738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001210158,0.0001824344,0.07805407,0.0008309134,0.00005393276,0.0004974757,0.009653172,0.005493236,0.002787801,0.01175776,0.8904707,0.00009750198],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2976964,0.05526397,0.003316744,0.1404502,0.001949817,0.0002310348,0.004934295,0.000637977,0.4955195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.759411,0.02887785,0.005952209,0.008768597,0.0001613445,0.00004575487,0.0034613,0.00007305683,0.1932488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03407775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2472525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113737925","doi":"10.1680/ener.2008.161.3.127","title":"Required improvements to primary energy in the IPCC scenarios","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Primary energy; Hydropower; Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Primary (astronomy); Electricity; Wind power; Environmental economics; Engineering; Economics; Statistics; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"H. Douglas Lightfoot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01196846162591737,"gpt":0.22191732447719,"spread":0.2099488628512726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01324406,0.001822396,0.0008911871,0.001655428,0.001253266,0.003064983,0.002385215,0.002495085,0.01161188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03879769,0.0004069378,0.001459773,0.002326516,0.0005859997,0.003324702,0.001915229,0.002570956,0.002445788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003001541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004714436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01183071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006366016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906819,0.004605435,0.0004531276,0.0005403894,0.002923511,0.000795585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9871567,0.005677977,0.0006293987,0.001670424,0.004555233,0.0003102873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001489757,0.0005336164,0.01454339,0.002143581,0.0004954167,0.0009390897,0.0004134669,0.4683195,0.00501532,0.2690392,0.06826379,0.1688038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005605192,0.0009103862,0.03888927,0.002097547,0.0006255322,0.0009151443,0.001476234,0.1480316,0.01671811,0.3189675,0.4704665,0.0003418069],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1801477,0.009016883,0.1210624,0.04670924,0.007046876,0.002104262,0.03991403,0.003239787,0.5907589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8792938,0.003679651,0.08832288,0.004945607,0.0006977374,0.001819561,0.01131544,0.0005814126,0.009343867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01324406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07004207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161714174","doi":"10.1680/ener.2009.162.4.169","title":"Decarbonising buildings by indirect use of gas and biomass","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"UK Energy Research Centre; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental science; Electricity; Fossil fuel; Power to gas; Biomass (ecology); Natural gas; Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage; Electricity generation; Renewable natural gas; Carbon dioxide; Waste management; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Greenhouse gas; Work (physics); Climate change mitigation; Environmental engineering; Climate change; Power (physics); Fuel gas; Engineering; Chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Sean Squire","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannah Chalmers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jon Gibbins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00592874123384384,"gpt":0.1704257866738217,"spread":0.1644970454399778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002571569,0.0005307943,0.0006091035,0.000376848,0.0002368888,0.0008563367,0.0004510148,0.000348433,0.00358572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003302909,0.0001953725,0.0003124099,0.0005760292,0.0005182528,0.0006665946,0.001412365,0.0003786585,0.0004900909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004851347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004905653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001795858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006803325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997788,0.00005402307,0.000006384073,0.00003409942,0.00006267353,0.00006395831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999053,0.00002647222,0.00001745407,0.00001902962,0.00001967564,0.00001209993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003754457,0.0003228741,0.0119534,0.0008414964,0.0002170951,0.0003529809,0.000254752,0.5092846,0.08980345,0.0342615,0.001351965,0.3509804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003369044,0.002354555,0.04917806,0.0004331181,0.0005299558,0.0009396537,0.001723102,0.6057175,0.1633415,0.09833222,0.07696675,0.0001467384],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8075904,0.003646014,0.1131493,0.000536505,0.00008531789,0.0001007171,0.0001387675,0.0003118144,0.07444132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878331,0.0008454723,0.007384812,0.00002793731,0.000009269284,0.00002586972,0.00003796331,0.0000226998,0.003812844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00358572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01199543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087063816","doi":"10.1680/ener.2007.160.3.113","title":"Use of thermal energy storage for sustainable buildings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exergy; Sustainability; Exergy efficiency; Environmental economics; Efficient energy use; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Energy analysis; Energy storage; Sustainable energy; Energy (signal processing); Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Renewable energy; Economics","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc A. Rosen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007792078640248397,"gpt":0.1840693920607672,"spread":0.1762773134205188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003619529,0.0003419814,0.0002664212,0.0004122166,0.0004845021,0.001407141,0.0004166845,0.0004531505,0.003902641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004178346,0.000148538,0.0003145567,0.0008535624,0.0004209294,0.001282786,0.0007308418,0.0002347767,0.0005662142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000552072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000462836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000584666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001602479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997457,0.00009841951,0.00001318961,0.00002264238,0.00009238695,0.00002769252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998494,0.00007491461,0.00001467366,0.00002608034,0.00002764046,0.000007184628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005579065,0.0002207239,0.007702028,0.001532103,0.0002083123,0.001134945,0.0006670189,0.1346971,0.08822349,0.20075,0.006973934,0.5573325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008504007,0.001007887,0.008377692,0.0009230162,0.0003770356,0.00350689,0.001836343,0.3109004,0.2374489,0.1304137,0.3049714,0.0001517553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4772698,0.04832218,0.1616578,0.003550679,0.0004408855,0.0001323809,0.0003804963,0.0006511402,0.3075947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782054,0.006349657,0.008391414,0.00006015224,0.0000368137,0.0000245241,0.00006384854,0.00002078017,0.006847461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003902641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01305562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404997742","doi":"10.1680/jener.24.00048","title":"Turbine performance and wind energy potential using probability distribution in Africa","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Weibull distribution; Wind power; Wind speed; Environmental science; Meteorology; Turbine; Renewable energy; Wind profile power law; Maximum sustained wind; Wind gradient; Statistics; Engineering; Geography; Mathematics; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Girma Zenebe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seid Endro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haiter Lenin Allasi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sujin Jose Arul","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Vasanthi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009138558655131667,"gpt":0.1830504235343518,"spread":0.1739118648792201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007379418,0.0002363324,0.000194734,0.0008327453,0.0001788069,0.0006120962,0.0001481992,0.0001986682,0.001349844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003365514,0.0001712311,0.0001859429,0.0008941435,0.0001971593,0.0006124055,0.0001774471,0.0001277971,0.0002807177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002347883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001224879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002311648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001348167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998369,0.00005076575,0.000009077629,0.00003386653,0.000041573,0.00002779313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986444,0.000932202,0.0002021147,0.00007001377,0.0001158655,0.00003538164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004091984,0.00008137571,0.4668204,0.0001180386,0.00017671,0.001450639,0.0005146707,0.438811,0.007408622,0.007123702,0.0008651864,0.07622046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002379842,0.0003263432,0.4462805,0.00007305431,0.00004564939,0.001472603,0.0006370781,0.5383484,0.002531018,0.00704931,0.003155113,0.00005715236],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831221,0.000378827,0.01256131,0.00004664623,0.000005085368,0.00001466015,0.0002666837,0.00004170529,0.003563205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998849,0.00008570569,0.0007390517,0.000001902162,0.000001803495,0.000003692487,0.00006237618,0.000005163975,0.0002512818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002311648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004596412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414779288","doi":"10.1680/jener.25.00050","title":"Assessing sustainable energy options: R466A vs. R410A for air conditioning and refrigeration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","topic":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Chiller; Refrigeration; Air conditioning; Montreal Protocol; Refrigerant; Global-warming potential","authors":[{"name":"Sanjeev Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pardeep Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vipin Sharma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dinesh Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajeev Kukreja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vikas Kaushik","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006079264311033988,"gpt":0.2181864630985278,"spread":0.2121071987874938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005132197,0.0009332721,0.0006255732,0.002046935,0.0004992544,0.002749881,0.0009297968,0.00142577,0.004940847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004833207,0.0002687084,0.001346062,0.001743761,0.0006541762,0.003583594,0.001303526,0.0008375695,0.001061039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002370319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001563286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00750388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01192937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967455,0.001225006,0.0001192588,0.0003497152,0.001284108,0.0002763867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977246,0.001085746,0.000236166,0.0001107044,0.0006936626,0.0001490796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005696554,0.00202676,0.1213314,0.004427898,0.001398258,0.00187502,0.0008363806,0.3571623,0.05232575,0.06025325,0.010621,0.3820454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006184862,0.01865949,0.2363897,0.001649315,0.001754906,0.001391741,0.01029013,0.414216,0.08834164,0.0623396,0.1637121,0.0006370617],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055388,0.0051307,0.01349898,0.001105978,0.00007451628,0.0006970083,0.00373784,0.0000947376,0.07012149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817582,0.001743091,0.01203599,0.0001440011,0.00001727724,0.0002269333,0.001243411,0.00004156573,0.002789568],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00750388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02714199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}