{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"300c12edab46","filters":{"venue":"Public administration and information technology"}},"results":[{"id":"W1206929563","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-17722-9_5","title":"Social Media and Local Government in Canada: An Examination of Presence and Purpose","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Public relations; Politics; Local government; Political science; Government (linguistics); Balance (ability); Public administration; Social engagement; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Anatoliy Gruzd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeffrey Roy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02565076677330681,"gpt":0.2548053339374817,"spread":0.2291545671641749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001266425,0.0003306441,0.000432313,0.004875943,0.01816286,0.009124732,0.001720637,0.001173956,0.0076872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004658412,0.0004153764,0.0004544729,0.01623113,0.007003119,0.003146301,0.002840529,0.002170554,0.000377229],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1595595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2725812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.998726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977424,0.000273681,0.00004447696,0.0001323065,0.0009467921,0.0008603574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962342,0.000804327,0.0002190032,0.00006929041,0.001811936,0.0008612077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001434839,0.0002119518,0.1486677,0.0005111764,0.00008069078,0.001209896,0.2069215,0.001224268,0.0005590505,0.2944699,0.08996713,0.2560333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001821611,0.0000430771,0.3228077,0.000951548,0.00009614712,0.0002770034,0.3263974,0.001504938,0.0003998808,0.009852858,0.3375195,0.0001318068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5046216,0.04039308,0.001155539,0.03940558,0.000440264,0.0001007605,0.002064444,0.0001123222,0.4117064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9191469,0.01617975,0.0006645469,0.001151704,0.00005269122,0.00003022895,0.000368774,0.00005571351,0.06234966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1595595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9747918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138108795","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-61033-3_12","title":"Smart Cities in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things: Promises and Challenges","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"Smart Cities and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Emerging technologies; Internet of Things; Smart city; The Internet; Drone; Natural resource; Computer science; Key (lock); Computer security; Business; Engineering; Political science; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Amal Ben Rjab","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sehl Mellouli","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03340024861413468,"gpt":0.2198687472008512,"spread":0.1864684985867165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007919982,0.0005616375,0.0004642615,0.000926507,0.001377628,0.007346348,0.0006291029,0.002203672,0.008810376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009175421,0.0003069513,0.0003473589,0.003401035,0.004953483,0.01356399,0.002131076,0.003193113,0.002534194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001965872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002701729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002904177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00725257,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995648,0.0001176049,0.00001514201,0.00004546308,0.0001906705,0.00006636949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994643,0.0003074078,0.00003018663,0.0000489514,0.00008934498,0.00005985286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003840505,0.00001121499,0.00006526159,0.000106291,0.000003098489,0.00002716319,0.0002733607,0.0004806683,0.00009265915,0.8993957,0.06326394,0.03627681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001478429,0.000005135637,0.00009931657,0.0001336795,0.000002314137,0.0000500707,0.0005199848,0.0005283603,0.00005516941,0.2854242,0.7131749,0.000005379305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004518908,0.1667821,0.02300075,0.1011549,0.006534369,0.00004717285,0.0002228688,0.000323277,0.6974157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1203489,0.37337,0.03429383,0.0198924,0.00632275,0.0001589412,0.0005659855,0.0003611135,0.4446861],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008810376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0294736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2338628373","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-03167-5_6","title":"Evaluating the Performance of Smart Cities in the Global Economic Network","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Position (finance); Smart city; Foreign direct investment; Regional science; Global city; Economic geography; Investment (military); Business; Economy; Geography; Internet of Things; Economics; Computer science; Political science; Computer security; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Ronald Wall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spyridon Stavropoulos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jurian Edelenbos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filipa Pajević","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06104407758426726,"gpt":0.2637676823528624,"spread":0.2027236047685951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003920665,0.0006622038,0.0003591508,0.001232851,0.0003541422,0.002507585,0.0006641842,0.001098396,0.002309259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01768273,0.0002101097,0.0003629108,0.002710449,0.0008981203,0.00381577,0.001325916,0.0008806898,0.000287401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002870577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001109778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02951149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04560652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983993,0.0009297946,0.00006854186,0.0001483991,0.0002778135,0.0001760872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931288,0.004767545,0.0007393708,0.0003195919,0.0006134178,0.0004313917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004047655,0.0001722906,0.1393848,0.0001043511,0.0002382216,0.0001393014,0.0003786375,0.7452368,0.0004227565,0.04313815,0.007491766,0.06288816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003053887,0.0002845698,0.04587173,0.00009665752,0.0000945612,0.00005606847,0.001736709,0.8910424,0.001712058,0.05380156,0.005227936,0.00004521736],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598606,0.001307722,0.0116319,0.002015376,0.00009397774,0.00004545342,0.0009220242,0.00006782073,0.02405508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932443,0.0005699793,0.003287702,0.00003497532,0.00003852594,0.0000132211,0.000722223,0.00002249475,0.002066565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02951149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0586794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763309539","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_10","title":"Visualization Practice and Government: Strategic Investments for More Democratic Governance","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","keywords":"Public relations; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Open government; Political science; Politics; Accountability; Social media; Infographic; Democracy; Visualization; Transparency (behavior); Engineering; Economics; Computer science; Management","authors":[{"name":"Evert A. Lindquist","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02802835599342434,"gpt":0.3143031682376393,"spread":0.2862748122442149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006536679,0.0007374848,0.0004495566,0.001733514,0.002029909,0.01390224,0.001098408,0.004031362,0.02260351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009193372,0.0003712433,0.0003774245,0.002671853,0.01251996,0.01845038,0.004442443,0.004330535,0.003317877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005268659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007301416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003673013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005742155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99512,0.003027522,0.0001177019,0.0003610709,0.00116021,0.0002134993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993204,0.004272156,0.0002690139,0.00114741,0.0007330718,0.0003742904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002746901,0.000009593665,0.00005603147,0.00003435613,0.000002076406,0.000007228045,0.0007265484,0.0002038015,0.00008647029,0.9458438,0.01870104,0.03432634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003716886,0.000004743133,0.0001488505,0.0001465393,0.000002564188,0.00003605061,0.0008525733,0.0007722935,0.0002415987,0.7490607,0.2487227,0.000007729293],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007082254,0.01793194,0.09212904,0.1029305,0.002202617,0.00005132038,0.00007019824,0.0006197919,0.7769824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4379536,0.02845147,0.08501837,0.008773061,0.003109877,0.0002408466,0.0002826019,0.001365182,0.4348051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02260351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0756163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W115366156","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-9563-5_6","title":"The Impacts of Social Media on Government and Democracy: An Examination of Municipal Usage in Nova Scotia, Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Nova scotia; Social media; Political science; Democracy; Corporate governance; Local government; Government (linguistics); Software deployment; Public relations; Social engagement; e-participation; Order (exchange); Public administration; Business; Sociology; Engineering; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Karan Riarh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeffrey Roy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01519582508252421,"gpt":0.2519931591513935,"spread":0.2367973340688693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007122977,0.0002342457,0.0003943359,0.003125735,0.008984189,0.004427527,0.001152937,0.0005824693,0.004363853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003600061,0.000309289,0.0003874953,0.01218769,0.002289301,0.0009245265,0.002153673,0.0008916793,0.0003928087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.07580528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1231409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9990032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985202,0.0001735534,0.00006350345,0.00008976765,0.0004660655,0.0006870812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996794,0.0005863144,0.0004348799,0.00007390621,0.001458491,0.0006523256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001785609,0.0001302436,0.737444,0.0003898266,0.00009959684,0.001484782,0.135052,0.001077164,0.0007838666,0.01814515,0.0332508,0.07196409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009138079,0.00002058512,0.8665423,0.000209115,0.0000304348,0.00010678,0.1052785,0.0005236674,0.0001463052,0.0002513432,0.02684666,0.00003520929],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9666532,0.002233373,0.00009046713,0.003168687,0.00003137242,0.00004207028,0.002681528,0.0000199248,0.02507942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787515,0.002483785,0.0001604618,0.0002331024,0.00000934892,0.00002447067,0.0007478609,0.00002177739,0.01756775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07580528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5500084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W165246450","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-1448-3_16","title":"Secrecy Versus Openness: Democratic Adaptation in a Web 2.0 Era","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Secrecy; Stylized fact; Openness to experience; Adaptation (eye); Corporate governance; Sketch; Transparency (behavior); Government (linguistics); Political science; Political economy; Sociology; Computer science; Economics; Law; Management; Social psychology; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Jeffrey Roy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03130377369004023,"gpt":0.2800328604891436,"spread":0.2487290867991033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002672969,0.000260152,0.0001926725,0.0005658778,0.001749112,0.006763137,0.0004765502,0.001763348,0.005120672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003819375,0.0001350298,0.0002437791,0.0009979982,0.01295965,0.009476305,0.003530716,0.002571791,0.0005509809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00163115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001883664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008326941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001398728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978119,0.001349349,0.00004556128,0.0001588988,0.0003955963,0.0002386696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975073,0.001688085,0.0002076306,0.0003125943,0.0001424349,0.0001419827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008794959,0.000009778362,0.0002005522,0.00002328065,0.000002304398,0.00003957733,0.004877295,0.0002944058,0.0001434591,0.974783,0.002715579,0.01690201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005712203,0.0000124073,0.0008163005,0.0001297039,0.000003924704,0.00008699903,0.003329969,0.0006442508,0.0003643052,0.894001,0.1005935,0.00001204706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0389003,0.006102416,0.01346401,0.02035572,0.0004533173,0.00002234668,0.00002619585,0.0000621145,0.9206136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9433436,0.004168847,0.00228506,0.002009741,0.000419141,0.00004034028,0.00002601027,0.00007537181,0.04763177],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006763137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01713032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765528462","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-63743-3_13","title":"The Privacy/Transparency Balance in Open Government","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Public administration and information technology","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Open government; Internet privacy; Balance (ability); Business; Computer security; Computer science; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Teresa Scassa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amy Conroy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03136152868774818,"gpt":0.3002255981529041,"spread":0.268864069465156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006146676,0.0005423664,0.0007762541,0.001189523,0.005198923,0.01414711,0.001075942,0.007888722,0.006725935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01078281,0.0005221188,0.0005955623,0.002371348,0.02962646,0.01930086,0.004579336,0.01167758,0.001471134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006118418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005728104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002791115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002366614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9917471,0.003895984,0.0002519751,0.0008047312,0.002542646,0.0007575364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944189,0.004067706,0.0002068514,0.0007832763,0.0003621393,0.0001611471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001866166,0.000002151255,0.000005955965,0.000005647869,4.965763e-7,0.000003901408,0.0002020412,0.00004501554,0.00001046282,0.9965605,0.00134323,0.001818655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001808183,0.000001477764,0.0000178528,0.00003499985,0.000001092748,0.000009256075,0.0001004875,0.0001291003,0.00005243413,0.9819624,0.01768649,0.000002566804],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008371954,0.01850158,0.04151141,0.07244492,0.001411945,0.00005009158,0.00008342051,0.0001194439,0.8575053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7652506,0.01735065,0.01719191,0.01564322,0.004148419,0.0003682725,0.0001242875,0.0003176455,0.1796048],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01414711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04439241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}