{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"7276af845ae9","filters":{"venue":"Rocky Mountain geology"}},"results":[{"id":"W1982679949","doi":"10.2113/gsrocky.38.1.45","title":"Stratigraphy and megaflora of a K-T boundary section in the eastern Denver Basin, Colorado","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Stratigraphy; Section (typography); Structural basin; Boundary (topology); Paleontology; Geomorphology; Tectonics; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Richard S. Barclay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01157307526154747,"gpt":0.1831816224671481,"spread":0.1716085472056006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001161172,0.00009951248,0.0001534,0.0007386957,0.001364334,0.0006030598,0.0003028334,0.0002560374,0.00200809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002562602,0.0001774554,0.00004846427,0.0006410974,0.0004772707,0.000230619,0.0005602495,0.0001845229,0.0003002282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001807021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001059685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5112483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.862956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998243,0.00001452658,0.000009345137,0.00007258367,0.00003405872,0.00004518602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999675,0.00003274013,0.00006502403,0.00001568667,0.0001023971,0.0001091016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003857269,0.00003459879,0.9874326,0.00002764561,0.00002371248,0.0001610651,0.001881997,0.000199828,0.00218472,0.000213485,0.001201137,0.006600737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002866789,0.000006367756,0.9968176,0.00001309179,0.000004779702,0.00007049173,0.001011209,0.0001259054,0.0001031629,0.00001241359,0.0018302,0.00000174659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969699,0.0002158016,0.00004510542,0.00006532951,0.00000218677,0.000007891106,0.000603978,0.000007667434,0.002082393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967546,0.000178015,0.0001889987,0.00004116469,0.000003976882,0.00001518275,0.001139103,0.000004483673,0.001674554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5112483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9832602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2648645523","doi":"10.24872/rmgjournal.52.1.1","title":"New paleontological constraints on the paleogeography of the Western Interior Seaway near the end of the Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian) with a special emphasis on the paleogeography of southern Colorado, U.S.A.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Palaeogeography; Cretaceous; Paleontology; Geology; Citation; Icon; Library science; Computer science; Tectonics","authors":[{"name":"Keith Berry","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01548384775277836,"gpt":0.2243600007513504,"spread":0.208876152998572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001168155,0.0003161483,0.0005747706,0.002473712,0.00209607,0.003332137,0.0003405287,0.0006748289,0.01072162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002192141,0.0005448555,0.000258576,0.005389033,0.002036953,0.002142959,0.001951661,0.00172299,0.00137265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002232552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004948594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3149426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7383305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996303,0.0000565407,0.0000317915,0.00010352,0.0001099073,0.00006793197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989669,0.0001988106,0.0002215932,0.0001054069,0.0003841267,0.000123011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004651037,0.00009097943,0.4824805,0.0008592207,0.0004136746,0.0008304951,0.02791043,0.002342105,0.01371615,0.03233249,0.1018037,0.3367552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001834986,0.00002328426,0.8487919,0.0008083598,0.00008226803,0.0002922491,0.007546615,0.0004596301,0.0005277905,0.005059344,0.1363378,0.0000523714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6582784,0.0793919,0.008099196,0.0179474,0.00089575,0.00008054955,0.01192537,0.0001990577,0.2231825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9475606,0.02099735,0.006732606,0.000982552,0.000335548,0.00005370863,0.008868474,0.0001810422,0.01428803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3149426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6262189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163981227","doi":"10.2113/gsrocky.42.2.67","title":"Redescription of the Late Cretaceous (late Santonian) ammonite Desmoscaphites bassleri Reeside, 1927, from the Western Interior of North America","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Ammonite; Geology; Cretaceous; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"N. H. Landman","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. A. Cobban","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01074255324879543,"gpt":0.2117013335190896,"spread":0.2009587802702942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002131683,0.0006193665,0.0004238054,0.001424997,0.0008011337,0.0005846123,0.0007016062,0.0004515852,0.002195236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004432087,0.0002135509,0.0002042366,0.0007537787,0.001091205,0.0005921994,0.0004390631,0.000645949,0.001262623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008113605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001109532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01284087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04761234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998795,0.00001289231,0.00001605797,0.00003489447,0.00004514238,0.00001148106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999798,0.00002485344,0.00005188772,0.00002003944,0.00007695175,0.00002834273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006741763,0.0003108008,0.1080796,0.001617428,0.0002163602,0.006443406,0.00760041,0.001611049,0.1003962,0.004076858,0.008274452,0.7606992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000710243,0.0005645442,0.7590047,0.0005609539,0.0001404823,0.0204119,0.003818734,0.001569553,0.002874966,0.0008586097,0.2100543,0.00007022109],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9329755,0.008634513,0.007213491,0.0004093305,0.0007698786,0.0004574466,0.001666403,0.0004118255,0.04746179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9611342,0.005303439,0.01844609,0.0003958108,0.000269289,0.0002803505,0.003789148,0.00009056217,0.01029126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01284087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02553225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283120644","doi":"10.24872/rmgjournal.57.1.1","title":"Provenance of Devonian–Carboniferous strata of Colorado: The influence of the Cambrian and the Proterozoic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Zircon; Carboniferous; Precambrian; Devonian; Provenance; Basement; Geochemistry; Paleontology; Proterozoic; Structural basin; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Christopher S. Holm‐Denoma","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. A. Matthews","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda K. Soar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark W. Longman","is_ca":false},{"name":"James W. Hagadorn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004383757290545867,"gpt":0.171299250000675,"spread":0.1669154927101291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002452998,0.0001342628,0.0001486306,0.001505926,0.001333733,0.0006972721,0.0002175293,0.0001864859,0.0009951437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005147042,0.0001264237,0.0000734706,0.000888448,0.0004571425,0.0001731854,0.0004245854,0.0001467379,0.000120403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001560643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006862186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2712945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5620982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998645,0.00001563159,0.00000742098,0.00004372068,0.00002659033,0.00004218662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994664,0.0000531397,0.0001185922,0.00002737286,0.0002565098,0.00007801255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006848267,0.000008978724,0.9830163,0.00002061076,0.00003094971,0.0001138845,0.001101623,0.00008243965,0.009972807,0.0001782022,0.00015089,0.005254728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001078648,0.000004911556,0.998444,0.000007233379,0.000004724627,0.000042583,0.0002713443,0.00004458228,0.0004148218,0.000009872356,0.0007538806,8.789649e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972326,0.0002630547,0.00005637808,0.00002985726,0.000001742837,0.000004465153,0.0002843976,0.000002769483,0.00212457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991034,0.0001245607,0.00007735196,0.00001089799,0.000002404086,0.000003748972,0.0002875136,0.000003131162,0.0003870456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2712945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5394308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381885263","doi":"10.24872/rmgjournal.58.1.1","title":"Palynology of Permian red-bed successions of Colorado and Wyoming and its influence on Laramide strata","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Acritarch; Siltstone; Geology; Paleontology; Permian; Palynology; Palynofacies; Terrigenous sediment; Red beds; Pollen; Sedimentary depositional environment; Sedimentary rock; Facies; Botany; Biology; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"James W. Hagadorn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antoine Bercovici","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Fleming","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen R. Whiteley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael R. Yusas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tyler R. Lyson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles M. Henderson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01513548711232572,"gpt":0.2465344826343245,"spread":0.2313989955219987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001306455,0.0001295252,0.0001181448,0.001039795,0.0008682779,0.0006940177,0.0002532348,0.0001677575,0.001627987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002694766,0.0001269053,0.00008194003,0.0008507785,0.0004661964,0.0002046971,0.0004682711,0.000148832,0.0001172209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001279897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007495396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3629072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7910363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999115,0.00001119426,0.000005736127,0.00002758855,0.00001346738,0.00003042997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997079,0.00002315051,0.0001048156,0.00001162644,0.00007299057,0.00007953402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003902532,0.000009535424,0.9916008,0.00002291567,0.00002738522,0.000153314,0.001150547,0.00004211016,0.003243048,0.0001355127,0.000195945,0.003379881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.831184e-7,0.000002645611,0.998882,0.00000628472,0.000002535628,0.00002844861,0.0005976832,0.00002693623,0.0000592898,0.000003748396,0.0003894109,5.924407e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983188,0.0001413311,0.00002545847,0.00003057722,0.000001653141,0.000005144476,0.0002472507,0.000003073452,0.00122661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991321,0.0001051373,0.00004724843,0.00001235512,0.000001822657,0.000004773228,0.0002872445,0.000001779961,0.000407693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3629072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7215897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3167977382","doi":"10.24872/rmgjournal.56.1.37","title":"A latest Eocene (Chadronian) brontothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Antero Formation, South Park, Colorado","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rocky Mountain geology","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Paleontology; Nomen dubium; Mammal; Geology; Diastema; Proboscidea; Geography; Taxon","authors":[{"name":"Rory Sweedler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaelyn J. Eberle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew C. Mihlbachler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01466352436130931,"gpt":0.2088336033081635,"spread":0.1941700789468541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009463094,0.0001965451,0.0001820301,0.001059344,0.002456864,0.0004537591,0.0003279927,0.000265115,0.001930132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001943341,0.0001807652,0.00009069552,0.0007039809,0.0005327516,0.0001876582,0.0007124647,0.0003310409,0.0002470234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001026674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006367089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1717572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6017087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998755,0.000006858336,0.000006753552,0.00004524379,0.00003009979,0.00003541647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998227,0.00001131176,0.00005764222,0.00001485619,0.00005691728,0.00003652749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008813876,0.0000379181,0.9547714,0.00005715065,0.00003617956,0.0005843809,0.005613405,0.00006319132,0.01652145,0.0001626087,0.0007621878,0.02130193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001279179,0.00001362465,0.9946455,0.00001416166,0.000006339759,0.0003255043,0.001530965,0.00003476578,0.0003646132,0.000007044725,0.003054721,0.000001541973],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966323,0.0002154453,0.00009270781,0.00003057027,0.000004848142,0.00001422188,0.0003901983,0.000006661283,0.002613096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976666,0.0001610468,0.000358675,0.00004294684,0.000005295239,0.0000145202,0.0007188327,0.000003981823,0.001027998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1717572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3415148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}