{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":101,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":101,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"e885355bd52b","filters":{"venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining"}},"results":[{"id":"W2016884330","doi":"10.1179/136217104225021724","title":"Transient liquid phase bonding","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":296,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; University of Waterloo; Auburn University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Isothermal process; Microstructure; Materials science; Phase (matter); Transient (computer programming); Process (computing); Wetting; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"William F. Gale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel A. Butts","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0100411676339675,"gpt":0.2484168184910428,"spread":0.2383756508570753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003123682,0.000557121,0.0006591735,0.0009664904,0.0004381984,0.001023025,0.0008761758,0.0009345748,0.01095823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003586563,0.0004431684,0.0003776026,0.001124501,0.0003148249,0.001492022,0.0007216814,0.0006737431,0.006741059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003631529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003308535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003181208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000458055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996523,0.0000359781,0.00002222105,0.0001001549,0.0001555317,0.00003394897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998509,0.00005184669,0.0000312266,0.00001623016,0.00003931786,0.00001041087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001086966,0.0001931295,0.0003700955,0.004552478,0.00003837417,0.000505137,0.0001658092,0.002226723,0.1516223,0.01458436,0.01286414,0.8127688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001755177,0.0007552219,0.001228721,0.0005239955,0.00006826757,0.004386921,0.0001566516,0.00324189,0.1658995,0.004123224,0.8195345,0.0000636189],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02645583,0.679528,0.187179,0.0005938809,0.001721058,0.0002934423,0.0003218269,0.001255728,0.1026513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1546753,0.636096,0.07463457,0.0009929093,0.0009018976,0.0004540946,0.00104145,0.0004008445,0.1308031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01095823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03665894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113070864","doi":"10.1179/136217109x456960","title":"Joint formation in dissimilar Al alloy/steel and Mg alloy/steel friction stir spot welds","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Intermetallic; Alloy; Welding; Cracking; Dual-phase steel; Galvannealed; Composite material; Carbon steel; Galvanization; Microstructure; Layer (electronics); Martensite; Corrosion","authors":[{"name":"T. Liyanage","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Kilbourne","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01146842240343622,"gpt":0.244318476174624,"spread":0.2328500537711878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002489618,0.0002360471,0.0002809453,0.000465976,0.0002355916,0.0003438852,0.0002617969,0.0003476463,0.0006125914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004871933,0.0003174153,0.0002738548,0.0001868424,0.0003121869,0.0001853659,0.0003016962,0.0001364132,0.0002319101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002220183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001809078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001457654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002152418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996988,0.00002273453,0.00001743323,0.00006121184,0.0001419666,0.00005793552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997181,0.0000325801,0.00009078746,0.00003423734,0.00006260683,0.00006169265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009123258,0.000005860728,0.0009803489,0.00002149774,0.000004571933,0.0001221938,0.00006799481,0.0002361384,0.9977213,0.00005769523,0.00000790229,0.000683333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002044731,0.0006530101,0.04345846,0.000006024882,0.0000379009,0.0008091156,0.0001236462,0.002212265,0.9517245,0.00007329443,0.0008694849,0.00001200669],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987364,0.0001587003,0.0006932703,0.000001687892,0.000002431357,0.000004898473,0.0000103391,0.00002119468,0.0003710582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986493,0.00002679752,0.000721517,0.000001850379,7.554182e-7,0.000002440111,0.00002372058,0.000004555486,0.0005691146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001457654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002898276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751239540","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1370193","title":"Review of research progress on aluminium–magnesium dissimilar friction stir welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Friction stir welding; Aluminium; Magnesium; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Friction welding; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"L. H. Shah","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. H. Othman","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04004876343236029,"gpt":0.376645477950374,"spread":0.3365967145180137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001251766,0.0006305832,0.001025984,0.003734978,0.0003564104,0.001340338,0.0007938728,0.0008530233,0.003579098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001646146,0.0003999246,0.0005471605,0.004447313,0.0004119818,0.001500489,0.0005805776,0.0007395367,0.00129002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006568093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001971986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001331751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001724667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994177,0.0001029156,0.0001168598,0.0001318406,0.0001895039,0.00004122585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983727,0.0008309147,0.0002421461,0.00004048349,0.0004483267,0.00006538227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000217085,0.0001150149,0.0009386944,0.0813938,0.0001753413,0.0005314281,0.0003047812,0.001328161,0.009618439,0.007347268,0.0254907,0.8725393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001045484,0.0002167325,0.003155564,0.01067045,0.0002868086,0.00107086,0.0002969379,0.0002850099,0.003175383,0.001987207,0.9788036,0.00004088705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007110993,0.9963415,0.0004150346,0.0003932104,0.0003461657,0.000005005637,0.00004312333,0.000009327009,0.001735543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003139058,0.9952791,0.0004661198,0.0001756216,0.0003320442,0.000005164243,0.00006275613,0.000003708699,0.0005364484],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003734978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01197332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166712812","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000094","title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welded Mg–Al joints by ultrasonic spot welding technique","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Welding; Microstructure; Ultrasonic welding; Ultrasonic sensor; Composite material; Joint (building); Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Acoustics","authors":[{"name":"V.K. Patel","is_ca":true},{"name":"S.D. Bhole","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.L. Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00878241782401476,"gpt":0.2284397706039797,"spread":0.2196573527799649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001251437,0.0001456123,0.0001595776,0.000211143,0.00009684019,0.0001544187,0.0001652373,0.0001956148,0.0006968708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002255774,0.0001953043,0.000163577,0.0001887696,0.0001864983,0.00009830907,0.00009401178,0.0001219146,0.0001195388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001588825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008751234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001171401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001464581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999018,0.000005810475,0.000005291588,0.00002225349,0.00005319804,0.00001179219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998738,0.00001837742,0.00004552933,0.0000127938,0.00003279505,0.00001679962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000341879,0.000003397651,0.0004569291,0.0000133243,0.000002692671,0.00002269145,0.00002593989,0.0001413919,0.9988136,0.00001587182,0.000005289637,0.0004645738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002015816,0.0006571705,0.07969119,0.000004247293,0.00004599135,0.0002313211,0.00007667218,0.003549801,0.9148254,0.00003255378,0.0008526958,0.00001274134],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988309,0.0001188076,0.0007222896,0.000003885969,0.00000261673,0.000003363853,0.00002721028,0.00001348231,0.0002774786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990931,0.00004302498,0.0004854135,0.000002703374,0.000001732765,0.000002503292,0.00003338576,0.000003967537,0.0003341811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001171401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002331257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971016198","doi":"10.1179/136217104225012175","title":"Effect of gap size and process parameters on diffusion brazing of Inconel 738","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Eutectic system; Intermetallic; Inconel; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Alloy; Diffusion; Carbide; Volume fraction; Composite material; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"O.A. Ojo","is_ca":false},{"name":"N.L. Richards","is_ca":false},{"name":"M.C. Charturvedi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003742285182719746,"gpt":0.2256762108559973,"spread":0.2219339256732776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004190896,0.00050491,0.000624036,0.0003070075,0.0002207612,0.0004329057,0.0003722847,0.0003574801,0.001239836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001309424,0.0004316583,0.0002455778,0.0002960361,0.0002378606,0.0004640113,0.0003270884,0.0002944312,0.0002270401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002158234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008855901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002098835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996374,0.00004938163,0.0000410226,0.000106525,0.000102389,0.00006340013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987943,0.0005137955,0.0003269615,0.0001141512,0.0001502284,0.0001004961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004245795,0.00004237518,0.0008636696,0.0001595384,0.00001822026,0.0001369942,0.0001606407,0.0004710147,0.9947354,0.00004114478,0.00004478627,0.002901597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004131166,0.001084503,0.009688049,0.00001179888,0.00005999004,0.0001923942,0.00007051647,0.001042663,0.9865901,0.00002024914,0.001186021,0.00001239468],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980762,0.0006335003,0.0007028254,0.00002501277,0.00001527385,0.00001250254,0.00007255924,0.00007128127,0.0003908706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967223,0.0004065976,0.001859526,0.00001911541,0.000009969601,0.00001644846,0.0001047197,0.0001187236,0.0007425664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001239836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004147649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132149106","doi":"10.1179/136217110x12665778348380","title":"Constants for hot deformation constitutive models for recent experimental data","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Colorado School of Mines; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Forging; Welding; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Constitutive equation; Friction stir welding; Creep; Titanium alloy; Deformation (meteorology); Alloy; Composite material; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Karem Tello","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patricio F. Méndez","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04191086032921534,"gpt":0.3143326471061067,"spread":0.2724217867768913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003084088,0.001158913,0.0007210878,0.002054895,0.0004654814,0.001522996,0.003305238,0.001500668,0.008334765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007948342,0.0007083227,0.001512763,0.001748458,0.0006322716,0.002204505,0.0006438739,0.002083495,0.004390441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001717461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001224765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004242006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005590574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980945,0.0003339394,0.0001415418,0.0004208731,0.0008922605,0.0001168075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969602,0.001363239,0.0004138642,0.0006624704,0.0005620898,0.00003816906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001061699,0.000247932,0.00308691,0.0005456046,0.0001072112,0.0001423896,0.0003383284,0.7613766,0.0197411,0.08845968,0.008075488,0.1177725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000117545,0.00005728437,0.002352744,0.00007331165,0.00004469611,0.0001590284,0.0000437083,0.9529345,0.005491873,0.01304933,0.02571752,0.00006424644],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01474016,0.0009136569,0.9713037,0.0002053714,0.0001126798,0.0002218566,0.00119096,0.001148968,0.01016264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5632147,0.003370489,0.3662216,0.000377273,0.0001960061,0.002426971,0.006979669,0.002059197,0.05515412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008334765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02788252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173382502","doi":"10.1179/174329308x283910","title":"Material flow and intermixing during dissimilar friction stir welding","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Material flow; Welding; Metallurgy; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Su","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Yamamoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006911473418495209,"gpt":0.2133387409796461,"spread":0.2064272675611509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001946869,0.0002042631,0.0003118116,0.0006396231,0.0003170868,0.0004486771,0.0002361079,0.0002787011,0.0008962564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006294109,0.0001700319,0.0001669198,0.0004296174,0.0003720893,0.0004229409,0.0002404438,0.0002216587,0.0001348221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003142156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001705807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001019089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008229532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997638,0.00002366989,0.000009206947,0.0000578451,0.00008819753,0.00005737558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998004,0.0000535615,0.00006675799,0.00001808043,0.00003468601,0.00002655257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003663159,0.00003021164,0.002013798,0.00005971002,0.000005368159,0.0001886532,0.000242279,0.0005564734,0.9867746,0.000241528,0.00002248743,0.009498635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003045382,0.0003741747,0.0298092,0.00001565023,0.00002321086,0.000319018,0.0003029729,0.005239057,0.9612363,0.00032258,0.002304248,0.00002304934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947744,0.0004115886,0.003805891,0.000009467949,0.000005859026,0.00001533944,0.00002752789,0.00003482774,0.0009150836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979773,0.0001394235,0.001077346,0.00000661468,0.000002401401,0.000006109405,0.00005403331,0.000008352127,0.0007284759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001019089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002998233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046468000","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000013","title":"Improving weld strength of magnesium to aluminium dissimilar joints via tin interlayer during ultrasonic spot welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Tin; Intermetallic; Aluminium; Brittleness; Ultimate tensile strength; Spot welding; 5052 aluminium alloy; 6063 aluminium alloy; Composite material; Alloy; 6111 aluminium alloy","authors":[{"name":"V.K. Patel","is_ca":true},{"name":"S.D. Bhole","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.L. Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00611696762081121,"gpt":0.229639982522459,"spread":0.2235230149016478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001549521,0.0003181293,0.0002985112,0.0002377817,0.00009945101,0.0001891165,0.0003331187,0.0002138645,0.0005453998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002405832,0.000156801,0.0001886324,0.000178416,0.0001433171,0.0001592499,0.0003062571,0.0001761131,0.0001354528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002003632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006170765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001789534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998685,0.00001173172,0.000009192697,0.00002253183,0.00006279175,0.00002525769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999075,0.00001086142,0.0000348165,0.000007072018,0.00002584514,0.00001388543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002349856,0.000004373891,0.000140704,0.00002673473,0.000003096916,0.00001556284,0.00001093194,0.00008855256,0.9989455,0.000009714402,0.000004342561,0.0007269998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004547006,0.0002012447,0.002110852,0.000002465019,0.00001778392,0.00003662765,0.00001736403,0.0007156625,0.996569,0.000005031968,0.0003166449,0.000002709402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979699,0.0002927406,0.001295899,0.000007238581,0.000006214582,0.000006595771,0.00001015283,0.00002300355,0.0003882782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975601,0.0001549169,0.001670338,0.000005044424,0.000002042136,0.000004171264,0.00001690297,0.000007035521,0.0005794486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006170765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001824558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173123663","doi":"10.1179/174329304x8702","title":"Isothermal solidification during transient liquid phase bonding of Inconel 738 superalloy","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Superalloy; Isothermal process; Inconel; Eutectic system; Metallurgy; Boride; Brazing; Precipitation; Liquid metal; Diffusion; Alloy; Phase (matter); Microstructure; Base metal; Transient (computer programming); Thermodynamics; Welding","authors":[{"name":"O.A. Ojo","is_ca":false},{"name":"N.L. Richards","is_ca":false},{"name":"M.C. Chaturvedi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00564335890039393,"gpt":0.2230631737140568,"spread":0.2174198148136629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001394773,0.0001858378,0.0003145999,0.0001802657,0.0002430059,0.0002377205,0.000234856,0.0001820737,0.001308095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002816012,0.00016856,0.0001685878,0.0002121445,0.000239537,0.0002978031,0.0001755176,0.000240527,0.0002629526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002752033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002196001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00247861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999848,0.00001312776,0.000005667198,0.000025667,0.00006230194,0.00004512219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999862,0.00003321122,0.00004010908,0.00001235215,0.00003498676,0.00001727707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001109152,0.00001431214,0.000373028,0.00003181725,0.000002876616,0.00008496307,0.0001179653,0.0002429591,0.997869,0.00006404414,0.0000166826,0.001071481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004292407,0.0002833644,0.004086427,0.000002227228,0.000006183871,0.0000450837,0.00007698372,0.001432812,0.9935603,0.00001817869,0.0004800236,0.000004215772],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988053,0.0001270362,0.0004971554,0.000005931202,0.000002628774,0.000006276457,0.00003657317,0.00003199679,0.0004870841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987876,0.00006435748,0.0003005468,0.000002894793,0.000001488991,0.00000475923,0.00006201422,0.00001702328,0.0007593118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004375994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890926923","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1518363","title":"Impact of liquid metal embrittlement cracks on resistance spot weld static strength","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; International Zinc Association","keywords":"Materials science; Liquid metal embrittlement; Embrittlement; Ultimate tensile strength; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Spot welding; Zinc; Grain boundary","authors":[{"name":"Christopher DiGiovanni","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009444024699343755,"gpt":0.2851896720861592,"spread":0.2757456473868155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002020317,0.0001770802,0.0002334613,0.0002952027,0.0001427345,0.0003143178,0.0002238029,0.0003939241,0.001722384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005704285,0.0001862441,0.0002058953,0.0001123861,0.0002569866,0.0002364325,0.0002125112,0.0002444341,0.0002008427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001982245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001101317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001263187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002528881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997,0.00002026569,0.00001453763,0.00005248911,0.0001604642,0.00005237925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993045,0.0001785906,0.0001676066,0.00006248921,0.0002273824,0.00005938982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002101374,0.00001916103,0.004401847,0.00004199495,0.00001279456,0.0001023744,0.00004096971,0.0007015842,0.9904904,0.00002399486,0.00001862747,0.003936008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005451664,0.0006236627,0.04318231,0.00000585792,0.0000318333,0.0001710727,0.0000929024,0.002552109,0.9529783,0.00001712672,0.0003301292,0.000009326427],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988202,0.0001974969,0.0005441058,0.000005275062,0.000003059241,0.000002791949,0.00002196179,0.00002582608,0.0003792753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993868,0.00004102566,0.0001637587,0.000003160146,5.061786e-7,0.000001064349,0.00001330974,0.000005679264,0.0003848337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001722384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005761981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043989758","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000253","title":"Influence of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical performance of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Optical microscope; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Alloy; Scanning electron microscope; Composite material; Friction stir welding; Joint (building); Shear (geology); Shear strength (soil); Structural engineering","authors":[{"name":"Zhikang Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeff Shao Chun Hou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xinqi Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005998938115218924,"gpt":0.2220177655717851,"spread":0.2160188274565662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002028281,0.0002425444,0.0002244136,0.0002640543,0.0001910145,0.0003074237,0.0002169365,0.0002691851,0.0005630095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003779105,0.0002086448,0.0002122384,0.0002444276,0.000157499,0.0002235523,0.0001024583,0.0001452245,0.0001499096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002558517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001694048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002024128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004380217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998378,0.00001550855,0.00001092857,0.00003023142,0.00007302721,0.00003246381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998124,0.00003757364,0.00005669831,0.00001321426,0.00006021287,0.00001991167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001233393,0.00001038173,0.000506393,0.00004250729,0.000005793538,0.0000566022,0.00004009672,0.0005394428,0.9975598,0.0000154323,0.0000133147,0.001086982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001041796,0.0006596259,0.02306816,0.000004177453,0.00003098089,0.00008591166,0.00008139205,0.001952138,0.9735764,0.00001818603,0.0005000462,0.00001240576],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992545,0.000184851,0.000275696,0.000004960109,0.000003221377,0.000003738617,0.00003821785,0.00001038645,0.0002244646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991283,0.00009913008,0.0004197344,0.000003840103,0.000001739316,0.00000347067,0.00005229012,0.000006676591,0.0002847432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002024128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004024684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495756689","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1211583","title":"Bonding mechanism and interface characterisation during dissimilar friction stir welding of an aluminium/polymer bi-material joint","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Welding; Joint (building); Aluminium; Mechanism (biology); Metallurgy; Composite material; Friction welding; Interface (matter); Polymer; Structural engineering; Wetting","authors":[{"name":"F. Khodabakhshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Haghshenas","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Babak Shalchi Amirkhiz","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008207694455671759,"gpt":0.2307257628505711,"spread":0.2225180683948993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001682366,0.0002083198,0.0002157177,0.0003566689,0.000263608,0.000256068,0.0002514055,0.0003194188,0.0006434354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002733995,0.0001909624,0.0001811849,0.0001976912,0.0002680041,0.0003294189,0.0001645069,0.0001659543,0.0001815344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001645735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001102988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007680613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008966065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998648,0.00001114378,0.00000608115,0.00003382322,0.00005920342,0.00002484607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998865,0.00002142159,0.00003642664,0.00001088824,0.0000326281,0.00001207526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006590877,0.000006101924,0.0005427398,0.00003235355,0.000003790838,0.00005656993,0.00006128521,0.0001219431,0.9979367,0.00002601394,0.0000051659,0.001141374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005419694,0.0002091698,0.02090945,0.000003318814,0.00002732109,0.0002042914,0.0001229468,0.002316246,0.9754936,0.0000326879,0.0006663084,0.000009170167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975492,0.0003243434,0.001753357,0.000004198264,0.000003450415,0.000006119295,0.00002295312,0.00002296311,0.0003134373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987215,0.00006421063,0.0008633579,0.000002808223,0.000001229779,0.000003549923,0.00003098743,0.000005737535,0.00030662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007680613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002152503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179682555","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12489665059384","title":"Influence of tool design on mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir spot welds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir processing; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Microstructure; Welding; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yue Yin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shengsun Hu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01309207779691982,"gpt":0.2293129327160332,"spread":0.2162208549191134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008548109,0.0005456419,0.0005760459,0.0005669079,0.0002250541,0.000764162,0.0004217952,0.0005506985,0.0009690768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003882842,0.0004341674,0.0002617787,0.0005037016,0.0003231868,0.0004020921,0.0003070971,0.0001844601,0.0003424504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002371486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002708381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003789015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008459448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993253,0.0001155336,0.0000819889,0.0001141942,0.0002627543,0.0001002618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970311,0.001667317,0.0006148411,0.0002091838,0.0003652743,0.0001123589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005349154,0.00003162014,0.003528969,0.000277474,0.00002882618,0.0002606026,0.00008979539,0.006737343,0.978018,0.00009907135,0.00005993431,0.01033347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006028208,0.002275983,0.03223342,0.00002328405,0.0001130892,0.000720759,0.00009647079,0.009999245,0.9527872,0.00009830129,0.00154833,0.00004360072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912213,0.0005809247,0.006957846,0.00001892679,0.0000112268,0.00001996977,0.00007615816,0.0001095878,0.001004075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974505,0.0001181475,0.001990665,0.000005171386,0.00000246615,0.00001019801,0.00005868766,0.00003840566,0.0003256378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009690768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004520714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011234698","doi":"10.1179/136217109x449201","title":"Electromagnetic impact welding of Mg to Al sheets","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Intermetallic; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Base metal; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Shear (geology); Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Sachin D. Kore","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Imbert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Worswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005848250331304051,"gpt":0.2384901763534358,"spread":0.2326419260221318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000123065,0.0002101298,0.0001420132,0.0002493323,0.0002213832,0.0002105281,0.0003363432,0.0001943786,0.002107729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001951039,0.0001369171,0.0001965106,0.0002594866,0.0001914118,0.0001227648,0.0003676385,0.0001508455,0.0002805606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001843198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008084396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006413385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998946,0.00000804945,0.000004215879,0.0000199559,0.00004651759,0.00002667368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999174,0.0000158205,0.00002390799,0.00001475213,0.00001808315,0.000009987997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001936579,0.00001298667,0.0006965676,0.00007037965,0.00001005168,0.000259528,0.00006745727,0.0003360035,0.9928864,0.0002152428,0.00004299367,0.005208818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001650123,0.0004352011,0.01378176,0.000008156971,0.00001823985,0.0002807557,0.00005606148,0.001073698,0.9817333,0.0000773818,0.002513895,0.000005039983],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941741,0.0002679451,0.002392509,0.00001425022,0.00001164645,0.00001177307,0.00002827807,0.00004542363,0.003054108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959633,0.0001332229,0.001027912,0.00001529324,0.000003511649,0.000003346809,0.00003515139,0.000006562577,0.002811616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002107729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00705111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013911321","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2020.1742472","title":"A review on the laser welding of coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steel and its impact on the production of tailor-welded blanks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Laser; Composite material; Optics","authors":[{"name":"M. Shehryar Khan","is_ca":true},{"name":"M.H. Razmpoosh","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03926264509937477,"gpt":0.2855866842355858,"spread":0.246324039136211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005850111,0.0008182583,0.0009605789,0.002213689,0.0002675053,0.0009453191,0.0008172574,0.0009343058,0.003701071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005602751,0.0005062618,0.0008647166,0.002359426,0.0002645355,0.001195284,0.0003518266,0.0007765276,0.00182792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004593372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007533575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00117352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001523154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995383,0.00005466987,0.00007779943,0.0001023312,0.0001958668,0.00003099881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995282,0.0002375216,0.00009449217,0.00001535626,0.0001069077,0.0000175792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000182191,0.0001757255,0.0004750128,0.09878493,0.0002175759,0.0006036785,0.0002372367,0.001342089,0.04470858,0.00484649,0.02773449,0.820692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005470151,0.0003515236,0.001236516,0.003488734,0.0001654895,0.0009441899,0.00008456002,0.000237882,0.0109189,0.0004686733,0.9820594,0.00003868949],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001078933,0.9944872,0.001042802,0.0001337958,0.0003371173,0.00001476434,0.00006473874,0.00002749612,0.002813035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003031759,0.9930841,0.001114405,0.0001645549,0.0001910665,0.00001687263,0.0001263784,0.000009826712,0.00226103],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003701071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01238126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999233378","doi":"10.1179/136217104225012256","title":"Image analysis of electrode degradation in resistance spot welding of aluminium","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Degradation (telecommunications); Aluminium; Metallurgy; Composite material; Electronic engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jianchao Peng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Satoshi Fukumoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lyndon J. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005922739885785917,"gpt":0.2424358360591153,"spread":0.2365130961733294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001976424,0.0001587978,0.0001740954,0.0007879993,0.0001074306,0.0002774201,0.0002118108,0.0003869887,0.0008708797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000538071,0.0001495167,0.000143789,0.0003458727,0.0002062834,0.0002712518,0.0001464359,0.0003011706,0.0001771161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001963754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001056117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008272787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006023681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999058,0.000009624214,0.000004707393,0.0000168024,0.00004565328,0.00001741819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996839,0.0001003483,0.00005025526,0.00002457665,0.0001130701,0.00002784742],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001670587,0.00001179501,0.0004887365,0.00006187288,0.000006166655,0.0001590749,0.0001014053,0.0004595308,0.988053,0.00009103541,0.0000518763,0.01034853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001398845,0.0002417221,0.04367666,0.00001467873,0.00003038774,0.001452846,0.0001492732,0.02011337,0.9329847,0.0001614867,0.001136603,0.00002432893],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9536788,0.000685894,0.04336905,0.0000678435,0.00001674832,0.0000404771,0.000171542,0.0002778691,0.001691901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741039,0.0003532894,0.02342333,0.00002817586,0.00001171361,0.00002312953,0.0001556263,0.00005495845,0.00184588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008708797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002913415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175206215","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538875","title":"Comparative study of small scale and ‘large scale’ resistance spot welding","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Finite element method; Composite material; Contact area; Contact resistance; Metallurgy; Upset welding; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Structural engineering; Layer (electronics)","authors":[{"name":"Baohua Chang","is_ca":true},{"name":"M.V. Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.018591246551102,"gpt":0.2378191858785711,"spread":0.2192279393274691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003431277,0.0002950848,0.0003981696,0.0002149613,0.0001388408,0.0004739388,0.0006521561,0.000661259,0.001663489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00106689,0.0002491149,0.0004535381,0.0002123058,0.0003852974,0.0005074965,0.0002706448,0.0002604304,0.0002794466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000294635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002262809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001277525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001057262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998413,0.00003641579,0.000006202742,0.00002711009,0.00007156085,0.00001741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995357,0.0002819918,0.00004746578,0.00006089979,0.00005477473,0.00001926367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002064297,0.0001315988,0.002623979,0.0002179996,0.00003077101,0.0002888895,0.0001433962,0.8632348,0.1069652,0.003769578,0.0002357632,0.0221515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001420957,0.0002118238,0.001507769,0.000002947714,0.000007181178,0.00005250243,0.00001722918,0.9863313,0.01101427,0.0003124982,0.0005180364,0.00001021484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8746592,0.000413728,0.1123432,0.00008883413,0.00002674207,0.00007365851,0.00005406387,0.0005060104,0.01183463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907129,0.00008246882,0.007858236,0.000006478755,0.00000435621,0.00002515365,0.00003167704,0.00002991136,0.001248789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001663489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005564868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034956284","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000033","title":"Microstructures and properties of Mg alloy/DP600 steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Alloy; Composite material; Welding","authors":[{"name":"Y. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Babak Shalchi Amirkhiz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Worswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0176518250299362,"gpt":0.2350130852011971,"spread":0.2173612601712609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001813705,0.0001466372,0.0001805788,0.0003446364,0.0001525642,0.0003007967,0.0002556418,0.0003029087,0.0007001858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003595217,0.0002152589,0.0001492634,0.0002004363,0.0002056393,0.0001315639,0.000118417,0.0001213189,0.0002093275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002272738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001058192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001425998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001905434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997986,0.00001081004,0.00001037637,0.00004658708,0.0001113916,0.00002225225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998266,0.00002778754,0.00005241022,0.00001752542,0.00005034342,0.00002536041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004418626,0.000004149841,0.0005277342,0.00001849788,0.000002691534,0.00004804023,0.0000402172,0.0001463726,0.9983231,0.00002537779,0.000009252947,0.0008102998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000168354,0.000637878,0.08536175,0.000006618661,0.00002853771,0.0003753403,0.0001335427,0.001877543,0.910347,0.0000351202,0.001169578,0.00001032404],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983865,0.000160281,0.0007157155,0.000004480807,0.000002910699,0.000007496664,0.00004949417,0.00002248441,0.0006507953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986137,0.00005940641,0.000585539,0.000003716755,0.00000102041,0.000003073591,0.00006695594,0.000007677059,0.0006587413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001425998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002835333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101180868","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000129","title":"Feasibility study of resistance spot welding of dissimilar Al/Mg combinations with Ni based interlayers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Aluminium; Nickel; Composite material; Shear strength (soil)","authors":[{"name":"Pavlo Penner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liang Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01044435125135943,"gpt":0.2505864147527909,"spread":0.2401420635014314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003150114,0.000307291,0.0002485287,0.0002740444,0.0001683743,0.0002428098,0.0004112961,0.0003296498,0.0005774257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004330094,0.0002495419,0.0003105489,0.0001599209,0.0001390965,0.0002577684,0.000236642,0.0001787845,0.0002404791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001426776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001594871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004404219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008051348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998162,0.00001868026,0.00001099768,0.0000403889,0.00008586497,0.00002796625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999821,0.00002794713,0.00004164496,0.00003469937,0.00004876866,0.00002601087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005833526,0.000008897987,0.000258898,0.00003538357,0.000003941434,0.00005756618,0.00002558863,0.0001305529,0.9986181,0.0000356397,0.000008834721,0.0007582264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001482781,0.001018042,0.006953552,0.000005426016,0.00003838197,0.0002889262,0.00006946585,0.001589969,0.9888412,0.00002480375,0.00114923,0.000006183122],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967495,0.0002117828,0.00208706,0.00001102919,0.000008135165,0.00001771481,0.0000224236,0.00004420109,0.0008482503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959864,0.0001037611,0.003100228,0.000004116246,0.000002698527,0.000006873235,0.0000318136,0.00001159563,0.000752557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005774257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001931667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998606999","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12464549883295","title":"Welding behaviour, microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds between galvannealed HSLA350 and DP600 steels","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Galvannealed; Welding; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Martensite; Composite material; Galvanization","authors":[{"name":"M. Shehryar Khan","is_ca":true},{"name":"S.D. Bhole","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.L. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Boudreau","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. van Deventer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009757475530890262,"gpt":0.2314860224696041,"spread":0.2217285469387138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002897954,0.0001680583,0.0001866138,0.0003408775,0.0001548385,0.0001567925,0.0002840648,0.0003235299,0.0009481694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005095575,0.0002062299,0.0002294048,0.0001956712,0.0002109812,0.0001785498,0.0001587208,0.0001387163,0.0001978217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002355835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008358184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002356439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002701626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999783,0.00002476581,0.00001734921,0.0000566847,0.00009153321,0.00002662321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997186,0.00005688309,0.00006292314,0.00002817303,0.00008821684,0.00004524781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001358788,0.000009582816,0.001573385,0.00001958373,0.000006803197,0.00005857605,0.00008479036,0.0001965188,0.9970511,0.00001647358,0.00001092943,0.0008363493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003135646,0.003559532,0.2557133,0.00001038319,0.00006065747,0.0006680563,0.0003451468,0.002948547,0.7355658,0.00004246386,0.001028687,0.00002609863],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999617,0.00004569592,0.0001762887,0.00000210325,8.091924e-7,0.000003318654,0.00001724573,0.000004621057,0.0001328439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989214,0.00003027151,0.0004055692,0.000004398347,8.161218e-7,0.000003261534,0.00006686591,0.0000038452,0.0005636415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002356439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004685402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178240728","doi":"10.1179/174329306x120895","title":"Expulsion monitoring in spot welded advanced high strength automotive steels","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Welding; Galvanization; Electrode; Dual-phase steel; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Displacement (psychology); Composite material; Microstructure; Layer (electronics)","authors":[{"name":"Chao Ma","is_ca":false},{"name":"S.D. Bhole","is_ca":false},{"name":"D.L. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Boudreau","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005025972535894228,"gpt":0.2296870196471693,"spread":0.2246610471112751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004542382,0.0003975288,0.0004368149,0.0007189069,0.0001634088,0.0003230248,0.0007422047,0.0005858188,0.0005619435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001224258,0.000254745,0.0002076854,0.0003701464,0.0002962778,0.0005348827,0.0003134398,0.0003637048,0.0003045956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001426607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009835314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005117611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004818956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994956,0.00006589826,0.00002299458,0.0001062959,0.0002821704,0.00002705382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990977,0.0002565788,0.0002171741,0.0000647863,0.00030874,0.00005517309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002318134,0.00001876019,0.001250987,0.00007452742,0.000006681254,0.0001431954,0.0001045222,0.0002436634,0.9898123,0.00002152022,0.00002935933,0.00806246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002685811,0.00175077,0.0207832,0.000009508401,0.00002208651,0.0006637035,0.0001136685,0.01078129,0.9648413,0.00007353781,0.0009059968,0.00002812779],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771885,0.0006414883,0.02128952,0.00002947985,0.00001060057,0.00002568431,0.00006451581,0.000341149,0.0004090763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991423,0.0002454612,0.006935373,0.00001892481,0.0000067832,0.00001393715,0.0001030891,0.00003374529,0.001219757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007422047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002402246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026448230","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538541","title":"Microresistance spot welding of Kovar, steel, and nickel","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Spot welding; Welding; Materials science; Electric resistance welding; Electrode; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Nickel; Composite material; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Kevin J. Ely","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007531613797238525,"gpt":0.2305422496005341,"spread":0.2230106358032956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003105818,0.0003191148,0.0004157497,0.0002229278,0.000172026,0.0003304273,0.0003327223,0.0002445035,0.0009472061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007498458,0.0003030329,0.0002900878,0.0002038763,0.0002308137,0.0003378944,0.0003577742,0.0001544986,0.0002623159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003108739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001411917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007245033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001637674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997185,0.00003878642,0.00001781619,0.00006073031,0.000117153,0.00004704848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996558,0.0001288732,0.00007411338,0.00003819752,0.00007690127,0.00002615164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007012312,0.000005095407,0.0002123644,0.00007827194,0.000005768167,0.00005788593,0.00006583123,0.0001829898,0.9967229,0.00008923512,0.00002138157,0.002488201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007564573,0.0003154875,0.003626668,0.000004042307,0.00001187209,0.0001785024,0.00006142753,0.001012531,0.9938445,0.00003693684,0.0008923329,0.000008232225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899465,0.0006875627,0.00772433,0.00002903899,0.00001619338,0.00002354769,0.00003874778,0.00008916933,0.001444933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899485,0.000443231,0.006942923,0.000009033939,0.000004832928,0.00001426969,0.00004144894,0.00003140705,0.002564339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009472061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003168702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026257690","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000225","title":"Real time monitoring of laser beam welding keyhole depth by laser interferometry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Nuclear Energy University Program; Office of Nuclear Energy","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Laser; Optics; Interferometry; Beam (structure); Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"J. J. Blecher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher M. Galbraith","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Van Vlack","is_ca":false},{"name":"Todd Palmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"James M. Fräser","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul J. L. Webster","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. DebRoy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006625167908704324,"gpt":0.2289261658537003,"spread":0.222300997944996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003501586,0.0003234254,0.0002448287,0.0005477635,0.0001673325,0.0003593613,0.000656651,0.0003914463,0.0006895432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009201281,0.000253271,0.000136979,0.0003874643,0.0003073982,0.0006495892,0.0004869509,0.0003230223,0.0002046181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004018247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003046592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001502847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002587958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999629,0.00003582498,0.00001281044,0.0000650678,0.0002117365,0.00004547788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993809,0.0001486224,0.0001539249,0.00005776574,0.0002225215,0.00003618503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005922338,0.000008992532,0.0009088508,0.00002837225,0.000002303976,0.00001731499,0.00007780877,0.0002463087,0.9924069,0.00007668637,0.00003112643,0.006136173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001276705,0.0002462692,0.01122142,0.000003642372,0.00001160588,0.0001425795,0.00008043852,0.01011417,0.9771755,0.00009861777,0.0008712551,0.00002166062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9004048,0.000558491,0.09728005,0.00005863807,0.00002749171,0.00006148723,0.0002141872,0.0005542021,0.0008405466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550504,0.0001988126,0.0438933,0.00001859297,0.000006192618,0.00003957794,0.00008930149,0.00003810662,0.0006656522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001502847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002988219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792866308","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1425182","title":"Laser welding/brazing of 5182 aluminium alloy to ZEK100 magnesium alloy using a nickel interlayer","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Welding; Alloy; Nickel; Aluminium; Joint (building); 6063 aluminium alloy; Filler metal; 5052 aluminium alloy; Magnesium alloy; Composite material; Arc welding","authors":[{"name":"Jin Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhishui Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yulong Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hua Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01339110232510289,"gpt":0.271000415429789,"spread":0.2576093131046862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001479645,0.0002495412,0.0002772892,0.0003322063,0.0002468315,0.0002151541,0.0003455566,0.0003375101,0.001152741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001774955,0.000240835,0.0002550704,0.0002515626,0.0002347581,0.0001778865,0.0002738501,0.0001395054,0.0003494246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002902892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001845967,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009568882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002811916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99981,0.000008801754,0.00001011266,0.00003670372,0.0001034364,0.00003084676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993,0.000005965785,0.00002748074,0.00001315358,0.0000157941,0.00000754543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000320783,0.000006249869,0.0002063116,0.00003994939,0.000003855408,0.00006584237,0.0000294218,0.0001325571,0.9974543,0.00005170851,0.00001954896,0.001958183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001456257,0.0004092729,0.009754402,0.000006267237,0.00002435617,0.000171666,0.0000570252,0.001326211,0.9854172,0.00003744518,0.002775403,0.000006207901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961088,0.0003575843,0.002146734,0.00001467419,0.00001331335,0.00002065289,0.00002371911,0.00007097054,0.001243526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941325,0.0001176009,0.003015668,0.000008390619,0.000003096144,0.00001054343,0.00003726038,0.00001696857,0.002658105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001152741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003856361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005697404","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000007","title":"Non-destructive detection of lack of penetration defects in friction stir welds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Penetration (warfare); Classification of discontinuities; Friction stir welding; Discontinuity (linguistics); Nondestructive testing; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Catalin Mandache","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Lévesque","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Dubourg","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Gougeon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01392016932338319,"gpt":0.2650446550117718,"spread":0.2511244856883886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006516277,0.0004341657,0.0003134266,0.000949717,0.0001239605,0.0003173907,0.0005304506,0.0004340192,0.0005076975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001925569,0.0002821734,0.0001997089,0.0002427065,0.0005100544,0.0003806875,0.0003540448,0.0002742125,0.0001905361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001350327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000117785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003730479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007987554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993445,0.0001074315,0.00002753604,0.00009647663,0.0003675217,0.00005647502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984474,0.0007048914,0.0003139449,0.0001445559,0.0003012242,0.0000879773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001713225,0.00002339691,0.004273736,0.0001379435,0.000007283571,0.0001484886,0.0001238151,0.0002138191,0.9813881,0.00004915016,0.00001682149,0.01344614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001288887,0.0009757664,0.06200841,0.00002647828,0.00004931077,0.002999801,0.0002673521,0.003397742,0.9293606,0.00009694493,0.0007726059,0.00003206584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9607618,0.001579203,0.03644514,0.0000189161,0.00001086882,0.00003300175,0.00004104992,0.0001204626,0.0009897164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863236,0.0004625912,0.01251526,0.00001049847,0.000004601119,0.00001218244,0.00004789439,0.00001427949,0.0006090582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000949717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003446162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2914498028","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1572300","title":"Microstructure, static and fatigue properties of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy using a modified tool","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Ford Motor Company","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Microstructure; Welding; Composite material; Alloy; Aluminium; Shear (geology); Failure mode and effects analysis; Penetration (warfare); Metallurgy; Fracture (geology); Grain size","authors":[{"name":"Zhikang Shen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yifan Ding","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Li Fu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaochao Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0211061100946272,"gpt":0.2435356604998329,"spread":0.2224295504052057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001385386,0.0001689325,0.0001806644,0.0002923484,0.0001133561,0.0001972943,0.0002574403,0.0002666471,0.0004666959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001694809,0.0001827863,0.0002054358,0.0001976223,0.000179556,0.0001295757,0.00008336668,0.00009934352,0.0001334138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002692917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001505783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003835751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006897136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998633,0.000006751281,0.000006796449,0.00002574638,0.00007458792,0.00002286618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998482,0.00001451729,0.00004943385,0.00001108469,0.00005571583,0.00002105821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003805159,0.000004388217,0.0005004727,0.00001974053,0.000003167141,0.00004695842,0.00002702357,0.0002911167,0.9982644,0.00001482964,0.000008936234,0.0007808171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001322341,0.0008012719,0.07864669,0.000004683724,0.00004533903,0.0003012764,0.00008254698,0.002832075,0.9162232,0.00002362677,0.001007039,0.00001893785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988041,0.0001738723,0.000648187,0.000003325072,0.000002912344,0.000004117173,0.00004731,0.00001608556,0.0003001541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986811,0.00005901852,0.0005579185,0.000003818913,0.000001701318,0.000002915114,0.00006108984,0.000005132561,0.0006274468],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003835751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007626832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002333893","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000090","title":"Challenges and developments in pipeline weldability and mechanical properties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Consumables; Welding; Pipeline transport; Materials science; Toughness; Pipeline (software); Petroleum industry; Fossil fuel; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Business; Waste management","authors":[{"name":"C Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"S.D. Bhole","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04052980974188301,"gpt":0.2630905653963997,"spread":0.2225607556545167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002808995,0.0003545114,0.0003727551,0.0007725198,0.0004762357,0.001459707,0.001439075,0.001706727,0.007539363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00316581,0.0003217612,0.0003053268,0.0008964207,0.0009412123,0.002817278,0.0008725338,0.001076944,0.001591618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009424404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001176286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001448274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001579538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990057,0.0001375515,0.00007294938,0.0001645802,0.0005190848,0.0001000284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981819,0.0006963409,0.0002326868,0.0001194959,0.0006642527,0.0001053576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002716274,0.0004092939,0.01203579,0.003938558,0.00004739469,0.001425591,0.0007544692,0.01487601,0.1657839,0.1044771,0.01169914,0.6842812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000383683,0.001988613,0.03783655,0.0008585155,0.00007005587,0.005919674,0.004028746,0.03369251,0.1253932,0.08952975,0.7004332,0.0002108312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4140742,0.2572574,0.08810373,0.06351051,0.001190825,0.0001140378,0.0008304362,0.0005900851,0.1743288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8074683,0.1243799,0.03718774,0.001403403,0.001075136,0.00007542389,0.0004458835,0.0001232233,0.02784106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007539363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02522171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2778728247","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1414022","title":"Role of interfacial reaction on the mechanical performance of Al/steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Welding; Metallurgy; Clamping; Intermetallic; FEAL; Brazing; Spot welding; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Layer (electronics); Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Zhikang Shen","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yifan Ding","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeff Shao Chun Hou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Babak Shalchi Amirkhiz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ko Ling Chan","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01243261892985744,"gpt":0.2524056791254826,"spread":0.2399730601956251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003133077,0.0003780716,0.0002728158,0.0002139753,0.0002090317,0.0004763058,0.0002690969,0.0003535073,0.001450777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006571966,0.0002731596,0.0001850602,0.0001602324,0.0001937995,0.0002428656,0.0002284091,0.0002474123,0.0003862471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000191884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000129478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007919272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001402994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997372,0.00002266206,0.00001784628,0.00003845759,0.0001052099,0.00007853666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996676,0.00007713178,0.00008368608,0.00002196204,0.00009460041,0.00005494845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008238142,0.000008548926,0.0003113681,0.00002524166,0.000004513021,0.00003376609,0.00003153725,0.0001444446,0.9986929,0.00001672651,0.000008737748,0.0006398177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006888742,0.0001521443,0.004820186,0.000002308399,0.00001169384,0.00002978573,0.00003237755,0.001114135,0.9936327,0.000005387754,0.0001879642,0.000004403332],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987822,0.0002138966,0.0005115293,0.000008126233,0.000005181699,0.000004650647,0.00002802167,0.00002624046,0.0004200677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994262,0.00005237794,0.0001646919,0.000003502924,0.00000108805,0.000001931505,0.00002929178,0.00001038337,0.0003105571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001450777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004853308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986864299","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000163","title":"Effects of concavity on tensile and fatigue properties in fibre laser welding of automotive steels","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"International Zinc Association; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Alloy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Laser beam welding; Fatigue limit","authors":[{"name":"D. Westerbaan","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Parkes","is_ca":true},{"name":"S.S. Nayak","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.L. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank Goodwin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009748888944897572,"gpt":0.2127096653659833,"spread":0.2029607764210857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003230507,0.0003057069,0.0002251773,0.0002758222,0.0002123434,0.0003097187,0.0003714874,0.00037882,0.0008236683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007360984,0.0003689487,0.000274711,0.0001921245,0.0004810617,0.0002036362,0.0003216339,0.0002331232,0.0001736709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004292723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002028405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002742651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006335612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996575,0.00004987594,0.0000212677,0.00007788659,0.0001462043,0.00004730557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987936,0.0004354885,0.0003843608,0.00007559598,0.00024119,0.00006967802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001553582,0.00001016708,0.0008259536,0.00002530714,0.000008307486,0.00003455048,0.00006083596,0.000365397,0.997405,0.00001535398,0.000006180911,0.001087518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007311989,0.0008087284,0.01938631,0.000006325645,0.00002931819,0.00009494519,0.00005692663,0.00112773,0.9781748,0.00001090644,0.0002841528,0.00001255864],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990318,0.0002158277,0.000460564,0.000006651708,0.000001297543,0.000003852688,0.00001348642,0.00001133923,0.0002552155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986222,0.0001137466,0.0006752672,0.000007833076,0.00000187556,0.000003715532,0.00002394107,0.00001224547,0.0005392628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002742651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005453348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2599462877","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1306014","title":"Residual stresses in cold-wire gas metal arc welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Base metal; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Composite material; Arc (geometry); Gas tungsten arc welding; Manganese; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Ednelson Silva Costa","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. D. C. Assunção","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emanuel B. F. Dos Santos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Luiza Gaspar Feio","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. S. Q. Bittencourt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eduardo de Magalhães Braga","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01437537584999034,"gpt":0.257513854055287,"spread":0.2431384782052967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003574455,0.0003005963,0.0003788385,0.0005646413,0.0003115943,0.0005151537,0.000475889,0.0006471768,0.001034611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007443037,0.0002009582,0.0002797687,0.0003563,0.0005340962,0.0004070705,0.0003281238,0.0002634995,0.0002388742],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000481546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003658888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002041178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001695035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999149,0.00006031982,0.00003249414,0.0001144273,0.0005541903,0.00008954424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995307,0.00009227534,0.00009757005,0.00004463987,0.0001940468,0.0000407827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004281302,0.00003397236,0.00433638,0.0001773788,0.00001734642,0.0001392536,0.0003321463,0.003165705,0.9749508,0.0003716642,0.00007371268,0.01597352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000489229,0.001550291,0.1063656,0.00004086983,0.00008521992,0.000669669,0.0006284542,0.01308062,0.8732703,0.0006357673,0.003548117,0.00007600008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889509,0.001757146,0.007268102,0.00003131873,0.00002639339,0.00001389777,0.00004448573,0.0001104497,0.001797311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981189,0.0001621875,0.0009323541,0.000005489354,0.000005125583,0.000006008087,0.00006258971,0.00001442264,0.0006928592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002041178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00405854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174126464","doi":"10.1179/174329307x213873","title":"Local melting and cracking in Al 7075-T6 and Al 2024-T3 friction stir spot welds","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eutectic system; Materials science; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Welding; Cracking; Dissolution; Aluminium; Alloy; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Yamamoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007445165051977401,"gpt":0.2589941992378507,"spread":0.2515490341858733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008789211,0.000170232,0.0002087917,0.0008240137,0.0002653573,0.000299314,0.0002259345,0.000363275,0.0010969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002569518,0.0002418191,0.0002490245,0.0002632772,0.00026409,0.0001442833,0.0001625633,0.0001173663,0.0002048502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002611993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000162469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006650657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005947344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998642,0.000006636863,0.000008162438,0.00003430503,0.00005794423,0.00002873973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998555,0.00001709383,0.0000496487,0.00001330505,0.00003527826,0.00002908785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002069207,0.000006788919,0.002878078,0.00003033297,0.000007473418,0.0001880442,0.00008697452,0.0002375572,0.9944196,0.00004158491,0.00001901617,0.00187746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001846979,0.0004812522,0.1375709,0.000009064785,0.00003389297,0.001134937,0.0002141842,0.00246699,0.8572596,0.00005864205,0.0007325683,0.00001937901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998795,0.000273205,0.0004927221,0.000002528922,0.000001237262,0.000004823497,0.00003653546,0.00003539615,0.0003585114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985381,0.0000677656,0.0004025733,0.000002667691,6.1879e-7,0.000004338539,0.00006606878,0.000008498733,0.0009093257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006650657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01322389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163736991","doi":"10.1179/136217108x394726","title":"Effects of surface conditions on resistance spot welding of Mg alloy AZ31","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Spot welding; Alloy; Welding; Magnesium alloy; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Lin Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sheng‐Qi Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yanhong Tian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jie Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jae Pil Jung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004442335576558516,"gpt":0.2374478099997477,"spread":0.2330054744231892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001801791,0.0003965589,0.0004492822,0.0002063534,0.0002593745,0.0004911997,0.0002338603,0.0004588527,0.001393512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005523568,0.0002583552,0.0002814485,0.0001588764,0.0002399466,0.0003076439,0.0002419169,0.0003142779,0.000307795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001441004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001149057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005803649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001008966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997353,0.00004603066,0.00002018834,0.00004990975,0.0001008483,0.0000478268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996566,0.00009735387,0.00009211339,0.0000408115,0.00008481546,0.0000283331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001627594,0.000007747842,0.0003522389,0.0000750015,0.000009742969,0.0001073499,0.00004882657,0.0001180402,0.9981427,0.00001544768,0.00001705248,0.0009430898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007694019,0.0004508587,0.004689327,0.000003635243,0.00002128843,0.00009999894,0.000100764,0.000408084,0.9938157,0.00001438293,0.0003801465,0.00000817925],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986302,0.0004635275,0.0003797186,0.00002155816,0.00001377731,0.000008974514,0.00005236788,0.00002719381,0.0004026068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984828,0.0002658634,0.0006438612,0.00001505179,0.000007130829,0.000006488219,0.00007844261,0.00002124388,0.0004792358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001393512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004661739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589472906","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1288889","title":"Pulse profile and metal transfer in pulsed gas metal arc welding: droplet formation, detachment and velocity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Current (fluid); Dimensionless quantity; Mass transfer; Pulse (music); Mechanics; Arc (geometry); Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Optics; Arc welding; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Emanuel B. F. Dos Santos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rob Pistor","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01389061955136263,"gpt":0.2469302784244112,"spread":0.2330396588730486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003307075,0.0002027396,0.0002133926,0.000332519,0.00011634,0.0004226201,0.0003744167,0.0003839735,0.000615615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001296504,0.0002097335,0.0001579909,0.000449175,0.0003068279,0.0005379072,0.0001965566,0.0002734535,0.0001882049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000415595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001641966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001034774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007467787,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998005,0.00001941676,0.000008361419,0.00003712908,0.0001157922,0.00001873581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995372,0.0002496452,0.0000685611,0.00002915779,0.00009148575,0.00002401352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004219768,0.00006784456,0.00411604,0.0001033826,0.00001060957,0.0002199644,0.0002332325,0.01081029,0.9508747,0.0002703591,0.00007070074,0.03280082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001667986,0.0006944846,0.01790969,0.000008155608,0.00001730782,0.0002242044,0.0001127539,0.1059429,0.8743224,0.000244898,0.0004832804,0.00002323199],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9796481,0.000448561,0.01887545,0.00003425876,0.000009645421,0.00002359288,0.00004111129,0.000131254,0.00078811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967934,0.0001250739,0.002592706,0.000004158334,0.000001967899,0.000006535231,0.00002107688,0.00001239817,0.0004425393],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001034774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003015339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157970528","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000054","title":"Coating behaviour and nugget formation during resistance welding of hot forming steels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Coating; Metallurgy; Welding; Electric resistance welding; Electrode; Oxide; Thermal conduction; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Dulal Chandra Saha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Changwook Ji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. D. Park","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01335538375689378,"gpt":0.2435948816358308,"spread":0.230239497878937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003324638,0.0002567669,0.0002889115,0.0003253564,0.0002508991,0.0003083383,0.0002665981,0.0003652718,0.0005648204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007840829,0.0002294306,0.0002405536,0.0001645315,0.0002982247,0.0002696405,0.0001458284,0.0002593501,0.0001426896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002007265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000107467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00104109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001589986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995961,0.00006669726,0.00002370389,0.0000831958,0.0001721647,0.00005814515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995964,0.0001245197,0.0001015427,0.00004240362,0.0001047208,0.00003044743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001385524,0.000006252365,0.000744305,0.00005400967,0.000008489911,0.0001138489,0.0001356072,0.000235728,0.9968312,0.00001698142,0.00001133891,0.001703651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004171775,0.000344225,0.01227463,0.000004723784,0.00001607564,0.0001825956,0.00007802957,0.001392209,0.985401,0.00001143296,0.0002820668,0.000008755101],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975776,0.0004693166,0.001561686,0.000008503864,0.000005548286,0.00001279105,0.00002633228,0.00003114458,0.0003070435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984418,0.0001616754,0.0008867464,0.000006374404,0.000002315328,0.00000397639,0.00004421533,0.00001349091,0.0004394314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00104109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002070129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555447969","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1251714","title":"Influence of hard inclusions on microstructural characteristics and textural components during dissimilar friction-stir welding of an PM Al–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –SiC hybrid nanocomposite with AA1050 alloy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nanocomposite; Microstructure; Welding; Composite material; Friction stir welding; Texture (cosmology); Microscale chemistry; Friction stir processing; Composite number; Grain size; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"F. Khodabakhshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdolreza Simchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.H. Kokabi","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Nosko","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Švec","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005956550855177051,"gpt":0.1934411139052281,"spread":0.187484563050051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007771955,0.0001859686,0.00013862,0.0001301963,0.0001404709,0.0001890349,0.0001300028,0.000147114,0.0006149919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002716551,0.0001525592,0.0001094192,0.0001039002,0.0002218062,0.0001511268,0.0001308741,0.0001663082,0.0001009883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001750385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008763912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007617699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001653685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999179,0.000007839359,0.000005878647,0.00001941252,0.00002971845,0.00001932043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998413,0.00003857607,0.00005800936,0.00001201923,0.00002637985,0.00002367269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009601167,0.000006798972,0.0003508302,0.00001248353,0.000002600221,0.00003241085,0.00003281417,0.0001463579,0.998597,0.00001234405,0.000004850408,0.0007053925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002963985,0.0001151433,0.007619899,0.000001138544,0.000006953589,0.00003884897,0.00003567859,0.0009600136,0.9910666,0.000006546012,0.0001431519,0.000003063379],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993982,0.00006248218,0.000299381,0.000002885432,0.000001482166,0.000002303532,0.00001327253,0.000009797908,0.0002102705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999432,0.00002488366,0.0002796144,0.000002695906,7.742914e-7,0.000002072554,0.00001789045,0.000005791054,0.0002342926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007617699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002057374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986800832","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12518083193559","title":"Tool design and stir zone grain size in AZ31 friction stir spot welds","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir processing; Spot welding; Grain size; Metallurgy; Friction stir welding; Microstructure; Composite material; Welding","authors":[{"name":"Ning Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yue Yin","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009220650711532661,"gpt":0.2387830310454353,"spread":0.2295623803339026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007027468,0.0003115382,0.0005375366,0.0005781818,0.000177243,0.0006465443,0.0003993954,0.0003625823,0.0005137299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00206719,0.0004414713,0.0003138139,0.0005669752,0.0003611173,0.0003052604,0.0002430145,0.0001806618,0.0001715854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005059287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003261288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002258143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004143089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992344,0.0000728579,0.0001027081,0.0002121068,0.0002833645,0.00009457366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983239,0.0007034901,0.0005406541,0.0001371956,0.0002286642,0.00006621866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004425926,0.00001320158,0.006084982,0.00009473377,0.00001534887,0.00008912545,0.00008700276,0.003168507,0.9841141,0.00004146529,0.00002602172,0.005822849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003498186,0.001521006,0.1749336,0.00001015433,0.00008783191,0.0004708691,0.000101573,0.00839489,0.8132551,0.000104626,0.001041634,0.00004386152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950166,0.0002969746,0.004305605,0.000007261879,0.000003250939,0.00001056391,0.00005536928,0.00005703707,0.0002473491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970336,0.00007622709,0.0023705,0.000003672905,8.612984e-7,0.00001169364,0.0000855518,0.00002707574,0.000390942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002258143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004489958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172683802","doi":"10.1179/174329307x177900","title":"Mechanism of cracking in AZ91 friction stir spot welds","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Welding; Cracking; Penetration (warfare); Spot welding; Metallurgy; Grain boundary; Dwell time; Friction stir welding; Composite material; Microstructure","authors":[{"name":"M. Yamamoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenji Shinozaki","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008705157266046322,"gpt":0.2510550775429476,"spread":0.2423499202769013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001583824,0.0002536263,0.0003283422,0.0005200853,0.0002867734,0.0003329456,0.0004578313,0.00060984,0.001526418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003230103,0.0003920124,0.0002715318,0.0001643537,0.0004705642,0.0004393786,0.0003713127,0.000267388,0.0002648088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000447738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001530297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001679317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001079886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998517,0.000007709968,0.000008143698,0.00003316948,0.00006867548,0.00003066312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997894,0.0000530484,0.00007692886,0.00002024725,0.00004208248,0.00001836061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000167922,0.0000110911,0.002385289,0.0001341237,0.00001066642,0.0005518352,0.0001256502,0.00468643,0.9858994,0.0003885513,0.000057799,0.005581205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005044089,0.0003695372,0.02962018,0.00002669131,0.00003307436,0.001357364,0.0001602741,0.05435568,0.9124343,0.0004136206,0.001139832,0.00003902847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988063,0.001242606,0.009203814,0.00003841912,0.00000683057,0.00003137649,0.00005898552,0.0001910899,0.001163814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997871,0.0002019351,0.001089494,0.000005235629,0.000001774701,0.000006176991,0.00003211132,0.000009188569,0.0007829237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001679317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00510639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023370821","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000196","title":"Transient liquid phase (TLP) brazing of Mg–AZ31 and Ti–6Al–4V using Ni and Cu sandwich foils","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German-Jordanian University","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Alloy; Isothermal process; Dissolution; Joint (building); Shear strength (soil); Metallurgy; Phase (matter); Microstructure; Composite material; Diffusion; Liquid phase; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Anas M. Atieh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tahir I. Khan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01792920260006838,"gpt":0.2766801414591255,"spread":0.2587509388590571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003640224,0.0004201769,0.0005571834,0.000396906,0.0002633079,0.0004159106,0.000815514,0.0004275043,0.001161664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005188783,0.0003900041,0.0004073074,0.0003328025,0.0002619255,0.0003608192,0.0004570677,0.0002670092,0.0003490287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004139178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002340432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006187556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00127061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996463,0.0000297326,0.00003176806,0.00008338015,0.0001459971,0.00006275721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997389,0.00003338297,0.0001065347,0.00004959559,0.00004671296,0.00002489945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001247663,0.000007348215,0.0002317577,0.00006124433,0.000007855198,0.00009502095,0.00005119874,0.0003057402,0.9973328,0.00006789009,0.00002345111,0.001690986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000139856,0.0003359665,0.001726822,0.00000527292,0.00001426204,0.00009932974,0.00004480829,0.001074792,0.9959298,0.00001880445,0.0007301164,0.000006064535],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961122,0.0002496745,0.002552308,0.00001312012,0.0000182693,0.00002571686,0.00005221013,0.0001150607,0.0008613288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933308,0.0001008676,0.005105466,0.000004894812,0.000003964514,0.00001714979,0.00005188749,0.00003370734,0.001351322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001161664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003886163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912414919","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1573011","title":"Suppression of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of TRIP steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"International Zinc Association; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Liquid metal embrittlement; Materials science; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Spot welding; Welding; Coating; Galvannealed; Galvanization; Zinc; Corrosion; Embrittlement; Cracking; Composite material; Microstructure; Layer (electronics); Grain boundary","authors":[{"name":"Liu He","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher DiGiovanni","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xu Han","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. W. Mehling","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Wintjes","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00724131285301933,"gpt":0.2411041091842945,"spread":0.2338627963312752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009492377,0.0001876596,0.0001471142,0.0001345733,0.00008154086,0.0001688858,0.0002332888,0.0002089825,0.0006375011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001777818,0.0001214445,0.0001791743,0.0001172348,0.0001369268,0.0001259832,0.0001088227,0.0002472565,0.000169857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001184678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009289048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005977767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001078234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999887,0.00001252181,0.000007058909,0.0000202919,0.00005189234,0.00002133711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998952,0.0000150741,0.00004047283,0.000008271222,0.00002833087,0.00001254825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002189422,0.00000277734,0.00005228975,0.00002264525,0.00000185297,0.00002565449,0.000008670912,0.0000431459,0.9993871,0.0000114662,0.000007813327,0.0004146207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002107741,0.0001679159,0.001065498,0.000001832243,0.000005794787,0.00005630774,0.00001145055,0.0005312089,0.9978119,0.000004060375,0.00033927,0.000002528394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971723,0.0002949985,0.001797476,0.00001429749,0.000006818029,0.000008294799,0.00003047951,0.00003033455,0.0006450863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974946,0.0001730227,0.001421136,0.000007928526,0.00000194964,0.000006213897,0.00003820898,0.00001011158,0.0008469396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006375011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002132654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912420956","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1573010","title":"Tool eccentricity in friction stir welding: a comprehensive review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universiti Malaysia Pahang","keywords":"Eccentricity (behavior); Friction stir welding; Eccentric; Welding; Mechanism (biology); Mechanical engineering; Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Physics; Political science; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"L. H. Shah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Walbridge","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04045418282161687,"gpt":0.3262940449477717,"spread":0.2858398621261548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001026148,0.0009772405,0.001678456,0.004317983,0.0003411149,0.001303509,0.001030435,0.001103441,0.003888936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001911686,0.0005299895,0.001191306,0.003523899,0.0003880996,0.001452457,0.0006574312,0.0009544547,0.001176104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006008556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002232213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002130242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003778596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995818,0.0000605409,0.00009695486,0.00008802368,0.0001453746,0.0000273297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987468,0.0007838418,0.0001963692,0.00002178003,0.000214454,0.00003687473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008222493,0.00008256415,0.000389768,0.1452626,0.0003087488,0.0002346269,0.000137022,0.0006685354,0.001968052,0.002299985,0.01044115,0.8381248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002197977,0.0003134831,0.002945712,0.04315764,0.00143105,0.001924529,0.0002741439,0.000230583,0.001634093,0.002193881,0.9458022,0.00007079475],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001280774,0.999323,0.00008815427,0.00006395397,0.00006431624,0.000003426216,0.00001498969,0.000003428576,0.0003105414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007016147,0.9988757,0.0001477903,0.00004983285,0.00004795921,0.000003754142,0.00001900475,9.951966e-7,0.0001532418],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004317983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01300979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2374838608","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1169363","title":"Evaluation of a temperature measurement method developed for laser metal deposition","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Swedish National Space Agency; GKN Aerospace Services; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Thermocouple; Overheating (electricity); Materials science; Laser; Temperature measurement; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Pulsed laser deposition; Optics; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Segerstark","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joel Andersson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lars-Erik Svensson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04342696567782067,"gpt":0.2897575425078007,"spread":0.24633057682998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002932739,0.0007024937,0.000741726,0.000857093,0.0004523911,0.0008422466,0.001388439,0.001330153,0.001424704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00526244,0.0005148658,0.0004310234,0.0006670385,0.0004673679,0.0006985209,0.0004760748,0.0009191192,0.0007862426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008013723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001150401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009316351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001439735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953346,0.0006085927,0.0002089334,0.0005267528,0.00320484,0.0001163301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964161,0.0009648586,0.0004238131,0.0004028209,0.001694052,0.00009838648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001362355,0.00008499454,0.0009826047,0.0003346345,0.00002539859,0.00008137026,0.00009944794,0.001089565,0.9620056,0.0003908738,0.0002788094,0.03449049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001755156,0.000680681,0.00313537,0.00002104722,0.00003692267,0.0004089769,0.0000375587,0.01389868,0.9754121,0.00005091268,0.006261143,0.00003902684],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1921474,0.002806967,0.7977065,0.0003239689,0.0007589431,0.001353804,0.0003589835,0.001550017,0.002993361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3865489,0.001442572,0.6060403,0.0001290294,0.00008794083,0.0007131089,0.0003265988,0.000219413,0.004492084],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002932739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01551002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177638971","doi":"10.1179/174329308x349520","title":"Cracking in dissimilar Mg alloy friction stir spot welds","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Spot welding; Eutectic system; Friction stir welding; Metallurgy; Welding; Cracking; Microstructure; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"M. Yamamoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. H. North","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenji Shinozaki","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01227350370201877,"gpt":0.2420487272925038,"spread":0.2297752235904851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001163598,0.0001835786,0.000259967,0.0003812957,0.0002207294,0.0001964698,0.0001845521,0.0003964541,0.0007510891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003674666,0.0001922526,0.0001986651,0.0001382749,0.0002763344,0.000161436,0.0002698743,0.0001558506,0.0001068909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002121385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007802319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001138154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001690205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998206,0.00001185634,0.00001069665,0.00004303091,0.00008320697,0.00003054706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997646,0.00004289219,0.00009025041,0.00002535449,0.00004685471,0.00003007861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001780877,0.000006699354,0.002701721,0.00003556628,0.000006670309,0.0002171975,0.0001056775,0.0004795517,0.9940653,0.00003237504,0.00001196812,0.002159205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003188132,0.000761452,0.1281844,0.00001432592,0.00003500517,0.001140115,0.0002478254,0.008596252,0.8599951,0.00009607414,0.0008717948,0.00002585369],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992753,0.0001281893,0.0003764259,0.000002955208,0.000001489357,0.000003136627,0.0000106801,0.00001009108,0.0001916866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993506,0.00003158788,0.0003372594,0.000002801574,6.331168e-7,0.000001556529,0.0000204661,0.000002377633,0.0002526615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001138154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002512634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034697265","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2020.1773057","title":"Shear band formation at the fusion boundary and failure behaviour of resistance spot welds in ultra-high-strength hot-stamped steel","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Tempering; Softening; Shear band; Martensite; Shear (geology); Spot welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Alloy; Hardening (computing); Fusion; Microstructure; Welding","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Mohamadizadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Biro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Worswick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008190854544729155,"gpt":0.193338442530599,"spread":0.1851475879858699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000134131,0.0001447544,0.0001275789,0.0002656471,0.0001325861,0.0001766968,0.0001940682,0.0002326502,0.0007763174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001419186,0.0001680489,0.0001844601,0.0001030569,0.0003270582,0.0001622631,0.00009690716,0.0001411065,0.0001139869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002113108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006991882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001772922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001831748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999461,0.0000048242,0.000003936451,0.00001409135,0.00002149163,0.000009547316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999185,0.00001445815,0.00003428818,0.00001025172,0.00001205324,0.0000105028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001225305,0.00001780272,0.003721679,0.00004467944,0.000007515585,0.0001517127,0.0001979156,0.004886012,0.9890681,0.0001182868,0.00002463187,0.001639199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002067868,0.0006858818,0.1292456,0.00001425554,0.00002539008,0.0002885082,0.0002343435,0.05680119,0.8121217,0.00009064122,0.0004449009,0.00002682819],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991278,0.00006819425,0.0006722218,0.000001966873,0.000001030324,0.0000013904,0.00001406432,0.00001504305,0.00009823073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996843,0.00001786066,0.0001540677,5.557928e-7,3.381012e-7,0.000001042157,0.00001299603,0.000001704951,0.000127036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001772922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003525257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087500530","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000234","title":"Surface residual stresses in multipass welds produced using low transformation temperature filler alloys","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Neutron diffraction; Compression (physics); Fusion welding; Plasticity; Diffraction; Metallurgy; Optics","authors":[{"name":"T. I. Ramjaun","is_ca":false},{"name":"H.J. Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leif Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Gharghouri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kamellia Dalaei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Moat","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009404704985201955,"gpt":0.2359174749984043,"spread":0.2265127700132023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002466548,0.0002480025,0.00036415,0.0005085812,0.0001789573,0.000411676,0.0003304137,0.0004246783,0.0007346701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003712247,0.0002479377,0.0002367174,0.0003155178,0.0003298727,0.0002674053,0.0002960034,0.0002190292,0.0002019768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004118371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001790793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001913646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002763735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997489,0.00001209391,0.00001598498,0.00004408043,0.0001423333,0.00003662672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996587,0.00004389615,0.0001318152,0.00003908079,0.00008652107,0.00004005605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006645489,0.000008112301,0.0004738698,0.00001759731,0.000003164006,0.00005749058,0.00006166933,0.0002182264,0.9984447,0.00002692906,0.000005874623,0.0006158217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007279098,0.0005336481,0.01608059,0.000006906515,0.00001551219,0.0001377685,0.0001087522,0.001706658,0.9809762,0.00002860561,0.0003879587,0.00001017017],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999068,0.0002252757,0.000458162,0.000004335516,0.000003237236,0.000003929458,0.00002533368,0.00002835931,0.0001834664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985281,0.0001056645,0.0005513076,0.000003456441,0.000001593203,0.000004240711,0.00005291568,0.00001282153,0.0007398792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001913646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003805041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040989524","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000066","title":"Characterisation of welded joints produced by FSW in AA 1100–B<sub>4</sub>C metal matrix composites","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Welding; Matrix (chemical analysis); Metal; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Jiang Guo","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. Gougeon","is_ca":true},{"name":"X.-G. Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007198015247265545,"gpt":0.2384999264802156,"spread":0.23130191123295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001685973,0.0002923791,0.0002661785,0.0004680799,0.0002667183,0.0002824415,0.0001937844,0.0004263611,0.001278825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004055618,0.0002594569,0.0002345586,0.000294972,0.0002988048,0.0001873666,0.0001069357,0.0002447233,0.0003787188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002092523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001644906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002192877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003072823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998049,0.00001278498,0.000008929877,0.00004042952,0.0001094455,0.00002353915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996494,0.00007988358,0.0001045012,0.00002409058,0.0001070251,0.00003504617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002919026,0.000003023385,0.0001890471,0.00001177407,0.000001962388,0.00002217842,0.00002349589,0.00008363728,0.9991437,0.000006311975,0.000004217035,0.000481493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001884095,0.0001890333,0.0127857,0.000002770309,0.0000144674,0.00008291714,0.00004390206,0.0005317029,0.9859765,0.00001126545,0.0003550318,0.000004785579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964719,0.0002761057,0.002458137,0.000006188174,0.000004915561,0.000008152373,0.0000695262,0.00007129942,0.0006338193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958896,0.0001333379,0.002275112,0.000007196676,0.000002077758,0.000009506137,0.00008905173,0.00003032816,0.001563725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002192877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004360199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091695993","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000005","title":"Liquid film formation and cracking during friction stir welding","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Rotational speed; Welding; Dissolution; Friction stir welding; Cracking; Metallurgy; Rotation (mathematics); Composite material; Spall; Phase (matter); Melting point; Mechanical engineering; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"A.P. Gerlich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Toshiya Shibayanagi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01257805573884412,"gpt":0.2201414712801658,"spread":0.2075634155413217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002468718,0.0002095763,0.0004239878,0.0003741445,0.0002674481,0.0006558523,0.0003424223,0.0004764398,0.001181739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008944806,0.0003259221,0.0002674935,0.0002213301,0.0003110844,0.0004334998,0.000240883,0.0003208536,0.0002070434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003447341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001852812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001503387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001540427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997142,0.00003608814,0.00001686765,0.00005287572,0.0001049434,0.00007494699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994966,0.0001905431,0.000130807,0.00003343892,0.0001015149,0.00004709091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004620916,0.00002491284,0.00144935,0.0001021381,0.00001132858,0.0002686894,0.0001437131,0.0008315736,0.9928495,0.00003592201,0.00002955667,0.003791211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002967759,0.0006113514,0.01134874,0.00001209895,0.00002308604,0.0002099991,0.0001259547,0.004907795,0.9820222,0.00003158471,0.0006595396,0.00001799724],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981059,0.0006616586,0.0008159126,0.00001249802,0.000004418206,0.0000100429,0.00002925001,0.00003449937,0.0003258477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987834,0.0001760374,0.0005400002,0.000006071139,0.000001814037,0.000004171359,0.00004962243,0.00001304782,0.0004259435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001503387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003953338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2407188189","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1180844","title":"Electrode life of aluminium resistance spot welding in automotive applications: a survey","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Aluminium; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Electrical contacts; Contact resistance; Composite material; Layer (electronics)","authors":[{"name":"W. J. Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isidore Cross","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul L. Feldman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sajja Rama","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Norman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marco Del Duca","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009037010493388195,"gpt":0.2439830567267762,"spread":0.234946046233388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008043549,0.0005896301,0.0008584608,0.003170997,0.000309613,0.0012011,0.0008818553,0.0009460673,0.001569838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001025385,0.0003782802,0.0006382162,0.00317829,0.0002454495,0.001531675,0.0003648436,0.0004776398,0.0009443141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005074627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005866005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009215719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008019698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993424,0.0000693662,0.00007631819,0.0001737581,0.0002880468,0.00005008698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998792,0.0005056528,0.0002302616,0.00003752158,0.0003892505,0.00004539753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002639331,0.0001835398,0.007330559,0.01485285,0.0001071871,0.0003774881,0.0005315831,0.003333607,0.04860535,0.002684986,0.003964548,0.9177644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000243235,0.003695352,0.04618353,0.00417864,0.0007170609,0.006568043,0.001850827,0.00741387,0.1478411,0.004880138,0.7764211,0.0002259741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05307912,0.9309664,0.007048317,0.000229511,0.0001378805,0.00003331222,0.0002161648,0.0000673383,0.008221949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1341184,0.8546366,0.005202157,0.000177468,0.0002216557,0.00004094647,0.000536265,0.00004786269,0.005018601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003170997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005251646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145498379","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000070","title":"Metallurgical analysis of magnetic pulse welds of AZ31 magnesium alloy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Magnesium alloy; Composite material; Transmission electron microscopy; Metallurgy; Deformation (meteorology); Fracture (geology); Alloy; Heat-affected zone","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Berlin","is_ca":true},{"name":"TC Nguyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Worswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02377799420324416,"gpt":0.2379674124917867,"spread":0.2141894182885425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008826057,0.000127789,0.0001206954,0.0003474036,0.0001758144,0.0001499097,0.0001424726,0.0001766774,0.0009144133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001693032,0.00009262141,0.0001275283,0.000257736,0.0001423442,0.00008213161,0.00009623988,0.00008135485,0.0001365011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001272045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006807156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007665473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009645011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999386,0.000003663749,0.000003165879,0.00001089336,0.00003467976,0.000008873722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999111,0.0000190331,0.00002404267,0.00001318041,0.00002356793,0.000009013197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000534678,0.000003177316,0.000878947,0.00002327661,0.000004209307,0.0001473546,0.0000418649,0.0001273192,0.9968975,0.00003020798,0.00001492574,0.001777779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005897783,0.0003658717,0.08923496,0.000007258189,0.00002838554,0.0006464242,0.000113911,0.001000409,0.9067571,0.00005145249,0.001780579,0.000007702635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99767,0.0002940164,0.001153629,0.000008246112,0.000003235334,0.000006263083,0.00007747189,0.00002808336,0.000759166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979475,0.0001137052,0.000846632,0.000004594201,0.000002060981,0.000003797675,0.0001173492,0.000008093535,0.0009563384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009144133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00305903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963739615","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1641962","title":"Enhanced mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steels resistance spot welds enabled by <i>in situ</i> rapid tempering","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Tempering; Martensite; Spot welding; Weldability; Microstructure; Martensitic stainless steel; Welding; Brittleness; Carbide; Toughness; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"M. Pouranvari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hamidreza Aghajani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Ghasemi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005878163666778298,"gpt":0.2007080257563745,"spread":0.1948298620895962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001414792,0.0002247823,0.0001278725,0.0001425457,0.0001041791,0.0001952827,0.0001834818,0.000234249,0.0009591193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001945768,0.0001700132,0.0001514065,0.0001044597,0.0001667532,0.0001695797,0.0001132595,0.0001771256,0.0001784882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001351875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008608656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004595654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008095326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999902,0.000006673139,0.000005272704,0.00001801741,0.00004878642,0.00001934238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998851,0.00001491413,0.00003845232,0.00001387871,0.00003120816,0.000016388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002222452,0.000002511574,0.000082366,0.00001451727,0.000001843357,0.00001826992,0.00001831701,0.00004698339,0.999229,0.0000218046,0.00001292866,0.0005292285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003256946,0.0001871549,0.003425121,0.000001269972,0.00000570503,0.00005128337,0.00002295088,0.0007169793,0.9951398,0.00001033657,0.0004322768,0.000003799109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980981,0.0001843645,0.00114096,0.00001226785,0.000008486364,0.000004619124,0.00003508441,0.00004385012,0.0004723261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987999,0.00006917006,0.0003951107,0.000004182706,0.000002286759,0.000002873268,0.00003017525,0.00001067933,0.0006855811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009591193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003208578,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2498044997","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1209625","title":"Induction diffusion brazing of copper to aluminium","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"State Grid Corporation of China","keywords":"Brazing; Materials science; Aluminium; Copper; Intermetallic; Metallurgy; Welding; Diffusion bonding; Joint (building); Composite material; Oxide; Ultimate tensile strength; Diffusion; Structural engineering","authors":[{"name":"X. G. Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Feng-Jie Yan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xinghao Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. G. Wang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007743278662320103,"gpt":0.239151969793626,"spread":0.2314086911313059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002099129,0.0003496802,0.0003647263,0.0004404118,0.0002029438,0.000255356,0.0005983876,0.0002586029,0.001484174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004041654,0.0002824867,0.0002941414,0.0002955953,0.0002980843,0.000366649,0.0005336071,0.0003366672,0.0005260111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004006957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002080995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005509954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006158562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997951,0.00001655563,0.000009921673,0.00004513564,0.0001031991,0.00003006702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998129,0.00002840236,0.000055057,0.00004371275,0.00004453701,0.00001532637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003370824,0.00001035736,0.0001432645,0.0001533983,0.000004926603,0.0000890692,0.00007121133,0.0004548073,0.990666,0.0003627269,0.0001062974,0.007904237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002418939,0.0003546213,0.001761693,0.00001960353,0.00001785516,0.00027938,0.00003669946,0.003844986,0.9870114,0.0001486918,0.006490048,0.00001077649],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8978677,0.002824147,0.08919542,0.0001099765,0.0001589919,0.0001367714,0.0000838093,0.0008684858,0.008754711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607212,0.001026412,0.02966195,0.00003610188,0.0000297969,0.00004780104,0.00006016007,0.0001098694,0.008306716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001484174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004965067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}