{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":22,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":22,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"80bb797a1ddc","filters":{"venue":"Seeing and Perceiving"}},"results":[{"id":"W2139328349","doi":"10.1163/187847511x570817","title":"Simulated Viewpoint Jitter Shakes Sensory Conflict Accounts of Vection","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Jitter; Illusion; Sensory system; Psychology; Perception; Motion sickness; Motion (physics); Vestibular system; Motion perception; Optical illusion; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Neuroscience; Computer science; Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2345206699751783,"gpt":0.3940786210380794,"spread":0.1595579510629011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003723201,0.0003702549,0.0009300475,0.0002407963,0.0002389814,0.00009639957,0.0001862812,0.0003327614,0.0003899211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002297761,0.0003048471,0.0002155759,0.0002360186,0.00010469,0.0001713923,0.00008181234,0.0004516888,0.0001184916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000396342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000652657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006069075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003463315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980975,0.0003142384,0.0005309832,0.0005794304,0.0001962581,0.0002816135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990359,0.0002202666,0.0003542888,0.0002498383,0.00004845016,0.00009126828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007343796,0.0000379228,0.000002439804,0.01086491,0.00001665344,0.000007350745,0.006552281,0.000003667359,0.007278966,0.00005143019,0.00003291485,0.9751441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002373056,0.0001635688,0.00006831018,0.02408559,0.0003793017,0.0002664686,0.0001738611,0.0007591476,0.0007743915,0.000135214,0.9720954,0.0008614158],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.006170473,0.9901242,0.0001775785,0.00001135164,0.0006856253,0.0003991003,0.00003540109,0.0002059262,0.002190349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02118208,0.977099,0.00004613038,0.0002811178,0.0001384084,0.000006119559,0.000007813945,0.00006319163,0.00117615],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9742827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168609040","doi":"10.1163/18784763-00002391","title":"The Effect of Video Game Training on the Vision of Adults with Bilateral Deprivation Amblyopia","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Contrast (vision); Visual acuity; Psychology; Video game; Sensory deprivation; Cataracts; Crowding; Audiology; Visual field; Ophthalmology; Medicine; Sensory system; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02869163538086926,"gpt":0.2933672766978659,"spread":0.2646756413169966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007397069,0.00009456553,0.0001119311,0.00003730477,0.0002908973,0.00004442544,0.00009778558,0.00004548602,0.00001554886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003352811,0.0000436155,0.0000277673,0.0001299637,0.0001033816,0.0001432547,0.00002484791,0.0001530808,0.000003269228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007511803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007173444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001834064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005033714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991252,0.0002180984,0.0001408412,0.0001358165,0.0002037582,0.0001762463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989024,0.000812838,0.0001021846,0.000130507,0.00001631572,0.00003570001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002720774,0.00001446422,0.003540705,0.00008611495,0.000003169399,2.875542e-7,0.04224806,0.00005635622,0.898553,0.0004479914,0.000007171142,0.05477064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001195322,0.002676603,0.2946741,0.002293368,0.00003701837,0.0000471971,0.00292037,0.01573523,0.6795767,0.0002126685,0.0003116876,0.0003197604],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998875,0.00002518411,0.0003483945,0.0001795167,0.00009573415,0.0001184224,9.281096e-7,0.00002253852,0.000334346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996921,0.00002554988,0.00005034667,0.0001271396,0.00004165247,0.000005135359,4.155278e-7,0.00001072104,0.00004690754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2911334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2237376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112112792","doi":"10.1163/187847612x648800","title":"Making Sense of Scents: The Colour and Texture of Odours","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Communication; Stimulus (psychology); Sensory system; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2056454580587543,"gpt":0.3112622570736573,"spread":0.105616799014903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002165687,0.00006619093,0.0001138251,0.00002907146,0.000234885,0.00001226139,0.0000291845,0.00002804375,0.00001398025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000276784,0.00004332705,0.00002208828,0.00006860105,0.0001574024,0.00009876799,0.0000496801,0.00009114976,0.000001079081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003777317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003786856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008443205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003589658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994637,0.00009893301,0.0001072063,0.0001002452,0.00009541687,0.0001344809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994913,0.0003174816,0.00006895763,0.00008020777,0.0000171127,0.00002495083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005359726,0.00004901647,0.2406215,0.000186265,0.00001942135,0.000002917271,0.07451214,0.00002621971,0.6760032,0.0006868957,0.0001833106,0.007655534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002748554,0.00006885664,0.9622473,0.0002258851,0.00004530356,0.0001115397,0.01266587,0.0003372237,0.02042226,0.00006592245,0.003367826,0.0001671276],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980539,0.0004399115,0.00002600691,0.0001243325,0.000181299,0.00004897736,0.00000381288,0.00001234233,0.001109431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994373,0.00008606788,0.00002192951,0.0001775468,0.00005586726,5.742684e-7,6.107374e-8,0.000005003466,0.0002156024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7216259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1806569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038063108","doi":"10.1163/187847612x634445","title":"A Bayesian Observer Replicates Convexity Context Effects in Figure–Ground Perception","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Convexity; Observer (physics); Bayesian probability; Regular polygon; Figure–ground; Perception; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Context (archaeology); Computer vision; Luminance; Colored; Computer science; Psychology; Geography; Geometry; Physics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05281152641330495,"gpt":0.3100226701040326,"spread":0.2572111436907276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005416914,0.0001810657,0.0002013822,0.000101386,0.0003030232,0.0001385475,0.0001088578,0.0001232974,0.0002826672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003999708,0.0001691128,0.00004649601,0.0001954799,0.00008573346,0.0005407367,0.00005539876,0.0002669459,0.0001216926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006007813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001462853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002381876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005150069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985377,0.0002465577,0.0002048283,0.0003990126,0.0001776479,0.0004342505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993238,0.0002510307,0.00006086858,0.0001838938,0.00001595451,0.0001644234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002766374,0.0001054434,0.03327561,0.0002227369,0.000002108325,0.000005898696,0.0318884,0.000004746157,0.8855098,0.0006034287,0.00007164442,0.04828252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008233534,0.0001437552,0.9688124,0.000491855,0.00001796495,0.000092391,0.002561638,0.008887356,0.01498209,0.001540159,0.001076978,0.0005700302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959941,0.0001497551,0.001838631,0.0001967248,0.0002880727,0.000174715,0.000001557276,0.0001314539,0.001225003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971417,0.00005466097,0.0002584256,0.001726475,0.0001549049,0.0000193063,0.000002668624,0.00002399036,0.0006179046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6896221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972289291","doi":"10.1163/187847611x620937","title":"The Effect of a Concurrent Working Memory Task and Temporal Offsets on the Integration of Auditory and Visual Speech Information","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Task (project management); Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Multisensory integration; Perception; Speech perception; Cognitive load; Gaze; Cognitive resource theory; Audiology; Speech recognition; Computer science; Sensory system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02807154222887354,"gpt":0.3301183929109274,"spread":0.3020468506820538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009371996,0.00009790054,0.0001227154,0.00006225114,0.0002017146,0.00003703535,0.00003233109,0.00006717393,0.00005357355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001407514,0.00005364323,0.00002595278,0.00004889155,0.0001372267,0.0001720542,0.00001885801,0.000164465,0.000006158258],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001432006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004639232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001871317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003918758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991668,0.0002914848,0.0002279702,0.00007923581,0.0001175152,0.000117029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991668,0.0005379129,0.0001488686,0.00008179795,0.00002977366,0.00003477183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001453634,0.00002453004,0.05430043,0.00006775912,0.00003517522,1.459646e-7,0.06782451,0.000001681409,0.02083865,0.000549691,0.001021311,0.8551908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005448373,0.0004344453,0.9780087,0.0003215506,0.00003515241,0.0000191154,0.01237435,0.004231544,0.001557139,0.000009584713,0.002340181,0.0001234351],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969658,0.0002808195,0.0002155296,0.0000979769,0.0006055696,0.0001988059,0.000002523096,0.00001240287,0.001620601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995916,0.00006523426,0.000017387,0.00004613533,0.0001494784,0.000009833924,0.000007918607,0.00000496552,0.0001074835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9237083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2187508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000003315","doi":"10.1163/187847611x603765","title":"Synchronous Sounds Enhance Visual Sensitivity without Reducing Target Uncertainty","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Science Council; British Academy","keywords":"Crossmodal; Contrast (vision); Facilitation; Noise (video); Psychology; Audiology; Sensitivity (control systems); Psychometric function; Perception; Pink noise; Visual perception; White noise; Psychophysics; Communication; Acoustics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Mathematics; Neuroscience; Engineering; Physics; Statistics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03546640539683975,"gpt":0.3348418940259906,"spread":0.2993754886291509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000506138,0.0001904272,0.000216213,0.00009176494,0.0003077812,0.00005025858,0.00004910169,0.0001379277,0.003322021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006567522,0.0001799356,0.00005955448,0.00007363489,0.0001135565,0.0001620976,0.00002807615,0.0002734547,0.0002470991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006053432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002159654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004385684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004205641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985972,0.0002780244,0.0002290663,0.0004464428,0.0001156761,0.0003336045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994659,0.0000764611,0.00008072778,0.0002097401,0.00005695154,0.000110174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003086892,0.000401332,0.08831528,0.00009798876,0.000156171,0.00008722099,0.486305,0.0002124177,0.2686023,0.0005918329,0.001516378,0.1534055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005041244,0.0002675938,0.9485397,0.0002225084,0.00004335774,0.0002391944,0.01410072,0.03253057,0.001482493,0.0001286683,0.001288164,0.000652866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9607984,0.00007790206,0.007600421,0.00003445382,0.0005937286,0.0001144803,0.000004479542,0.0001604632,0.03061567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936723,0.00001786061,0.001790686,0.0002082689,0.0002689302,0.00001019163,0.00001162345,0.00002672528,0.003993408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8602245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102652594","doi":"10.1163/187847511x555292","title":"Perceptual Upright: The Relative Effectiveness of Dynamic and Static Images Under Different Gravity States","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Hypergravity; Perception; Sensory cue; Orientation (vector space); Computer vision; Visual perception; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Communication; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03990431784939529,"gpt":0.2949774177268051,"spread":0.2550730998774098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003933738,0.0001539002,0.0001856281,0.0000571455,0.0003756702,0.00005517258,0.00009644959,0.00004667171,0.00007232963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000105954,0.00009581861,0.00003371799,0.00008830354,0.000357804,0.0001826597,0.0000766485,0.0001908966,0.000003807403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002040421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001198028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001215721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002536745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987122,0.0004982522,0.0001495726,0.0003033507,0.0001505722,0.0001860193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907,0.0006557945,0.0000694642,0.000120941,0.00002384267,0.0000599249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008528679,0.00008373084,0.00225334,0.0003258759,0.00001330626,0.000003532838,0.09043906,0.00000838489,0.8971181,0.002650446,0.000002149244,0.00701679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004377706,0.0003193931,0.8647529,0.0004062292,0.00005208026,0.00003697814,0.006402794,0.00483371,0.04046898,0.08199866,0.000003182949,0.0002873212],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929967,0.00006688667,0.006301118,0.00004188448,0.00008099057,0.000138197,0.00001099355,0.00004185699,0.000321393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993985,0.0001540054,0.0001771168,0.00009454448,0.000006633554,0.00000629378,0.00000166087,0.00001543652,0.0001457546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8624996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.390737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104546960","doi":"10.1163/187847510x532702","title":"The Effect of Displacement on Sensitivity to First- and Second-Order Global Motion in 5-year-olds and Adults","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Luminance; Sensitivity (control systems); Displacement (psychology); Concentric; Motion (physics); Psychology; Contrast (vision); Order (exchange); Mathematics; Optics; Communication; Physics; Computer vision; Computer science; Geometry; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008369713800904913,"gpt":0.2788440791390958,"spread":0.2704743653381909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005762689,0.0000948787,0.0001027141,0.0000307318,0.0002547209,0.00008337102,0.00003084896,0.00005034669,0.00001394089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003815467,0.00006713144,0.00001066476,0.0001031639,0.00006102875,0.00007166252,0.0000525609,0.0001376578,0.000002748233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001067435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004784652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001008758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001918777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992751,0.0001246624,0.00009650081,0.0002482748,0.0001116332,0.0001437711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994981,0.000312542,0.00002883224,0.00008556984,0.00001103511,0.00006394715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005038783,0.00004409214,0.07167437,0.0003547196,0.000003287863,0.000007869609,0.01136194,0.00007269969,0.7482977,0.000462632,0.00003096998,0.1671858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001123893,0.0008608015,0.9511906,0.000381939,0.000008276757,0.00004826778,0.0004388476,0.01429225,0.03103748,0.0001544951,0.0002330516,0.0002300886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990355,0.000008457702,0.0001180746,0.0002575553,0.0001405376,0.00013978,0.00000569244,0.00001593761,0.0002784731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996862,0.00002059748,0.0000492543,0.0001491619,0.0000253363,0.000003913041,3.659649e-7,0.000005345182,0.00005981412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8795162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2737541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1519833526","doi":"10.1163/187847510x490826","title":"Where's the Floor?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Orientation (vector space); Surface (topology); Visual angle; Balance (ability); Sensory cue; Psychology; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Geometry; Social psychology; Computer science; Mathematics; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004051789212151661,"gpt":0.1940481287671633,"spread":0.1899963395550116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000926869,0.00004420311,0.00003339946,0.00001526114,0.0001081532,0.00004472743,0.00003238963,0.00003140487,0.0001577732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001688228,0.00003295708,0.00001247056,0.0000411999,0.000016805,0.00005225764,0.000007378877,0.0001697014,0.00004464619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002731348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002102145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004932153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002984884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997781,0.000006518351,0.00004797083,0.00004874783,0.00004414083,0.00007455772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998702,0.00002845897,0.000004773371,0.00006168005,0.00001049706,0.00002434335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003949109,0.000008535598,0.007333734,0.0001259727,0.00002818813,0.000004180118,0.01646149,0.0007103072,0.5166166,0.0004581427,0.001708738,0.4565401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000561734,0.00003315899,0.6744863,0.0002338381,0.00004362049,0.00008779912,0.00137008,0.254189,0.009379766,0.001143813,0.05787005,0.0006009195],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924509,0.0001582646,0.000561737,0.0001432918,0.000377006,0.00003090818,8.049611e-7,0.0001520314,0.006125042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994463,0.00005963834,0.0001574245,0.00005762068,0.0001735731,0.00000285648,0.000001579843,0.000008878572,0.00009211827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6671525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1727505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046543966","doi":"10.1163/187847611x620900","title":"Effective Tactile Noise Facilitates Visual Perception","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Neural dynamics and brain function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"SIGNAL (programming language); Facilitation; Perception; Noise (video); Excitatory postsynaptic potential; Sensation; Context (archaeology); Subthreshold conduction; Luminance; Multiplicative noise; Psychology; Energy (signal processing); Communication; Neuroscience; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Analog signal; Signal transfer function; Inhibitory postsynaptic potential; Voltage; Telecommunications; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01517138082942925,"gpt":0.2682689566871229,"spread":0.2530975758576936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018956,0.0001101383,0.00009534774,0.00005890721,0.0003045937,0.00006629232,0.00003843396,0.00004568945,0.0000718121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002133253,0.00009499885,0.00003785838,0.0000945534,0.00004960562,0.0004292666,0.00004140826,0.0001400766,0.00008127263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000354976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003579868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008448807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004392558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991806,0.000111275,0.00008870645,0.0002278918,0.0001188829,0.0002726962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999496,0.0003010709,0.00002903588,0.00007082227,0.00001166523,0.0000914013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001179365,0.00002787195,0.01077141,0.00002105568,0.000001445234,0.000001001219,0.004311384,0.0000143976,0.9384357,0.00003688049,0.00002895192,0.04633815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002487561,0.0001848192,0.9563421,0.00005694902,0.00001631444,0.00007665101,0.001066712,0.02484165,0.01520408,0.0001287933,0.001517696,0.0003154608],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976588,0.00003632286,0.0003890492,0.00005824441,0.0004284617,0.0001329344,0.000004405706,0.00008990269,0.001201889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989126,0.00003328766,0.00005194841,0.0002394278,0.0002013152,0.0000118293,0.000002341707,0.00001207193,0.0005351212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9455707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.387394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058075029","doi":"10.1163/187847509x12605137947501","title":"Maniatis's Arguments about Impossibilities and Rigging in Hammad et al. (2008): the Importance of Pizlo (2008)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Illusion; Perspective (graphical); Argument (complex analysis); Point (geometry); Epistemology; Landmark; Philosophy; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Geometry; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05723620385678736,"gpt":0.3658836437052034,"spread":0.308647439848416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001333465,0.0004104101,0.0008760396,0.0002106126,0.0003673733,0.0002642502,0.0003057679,0.0002221684,0.00008168033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005158524,0.000288813,0.0001160825,0.0002829577,0.000252948,0.0002602039,0.0001789529,0.001055699,0.000007152777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004395124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001733205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001240221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003150486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974524,0.0003843147,0.0006959839,0.000733948,0.000313424,0.0004199083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985238,0.0005576506,0.0004194134,0.0003756376,0.00002786373,0.00009560307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007546613,0.00005204175,0.0008169161,0.007611965,0.00001171218,0.00002373014,0.01141218,0.000001523875,0.002691886,0.0004048979,0.0001867077,0.9767789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006492907,0.0001664858,0.004805118,0.03641577,0.0001973015,0.0005979023,0.001146085,0.0007014013,0.0001482196,0.001724436,0.9520198,0.001428186],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05210625,0.9458207,0.00004602802,0.0002190459,0.0004492751,0.0005099315,0.00003942892,0.00007416077,0.0007351599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02261429,0.9751752,0.0002213657,0.001257052,0.00005657661,0.00003182633,0.00000648472,0.00005556232,0.0005816269],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9753507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025637337","doi":"10.1163/187847511x576794","title":"Goal-Directed Reaching: The SNARC Effect Influences Movement Planning but not Movement Execution","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cued speech; Movement (music); Kinematics; Psychology; Task (project management); Cognitive psychology; Communication; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Physics; Classical mechanics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0456262234558461,"gpt":0.2935572521517947,"spread":0.2479310286959486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001013753,0.0002336757,0.000259317,0.00006306645,0.0004681876,0.00008810341,0.0001522041,0.00006219294,0.0001117459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006282204,0.0001490731,0.00006797662,0.0001008607,0.00008379854,0.0001479019,0.0001624741,0.0002262601,0.00001934865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000604236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000147086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003212949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002779481,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985838,0.0001396049,0.0003290607,0.0002905687,0.0003282684,0.0003287286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985445,0.001026983,0.0001145697,0.0001798704,0.00004559913,0.00008855113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006445415,0.001148674,0.1117862,0.002397439,0.001175859,0.0002650292,0.503507,0.00001775153,0.2096529,0.02916472,0.002365577,0.1378743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001223637,0.0005550589,0.6986448,0.002889245,0.0002243981,0.00003477939,0.008665527,0.001764151,0.06792811,0.2169348,0.000126121,0.001009489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866389,0.00009380798,0.0007989042,0.00009685944,0.00008904281,0.0003519126,0.000003367017,0.0001922458,0.01173498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947404,0.00001830243,0.004119066,0.0005615865,0.00006403208,0.00004195599,0.000003047729,0.00002118177,0.0004304721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5868585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6079022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992622300","doi":"10.1163/187847510x541153","title":"Space Constancy vs Shape Constancy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Space (punctuation); Compression (physics); Distortion (music); Object (grammar); Line (geometry); Psychology; Foveal; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Mathematics; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Geometry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02996155067284566,"gpt":0.2967297726787816,"spread":0.266768222005936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002533806,0.0001612378,0.0001591782,0.0000819647,0.0005339395,0.0002213402,0.0001338273,0.0001063367,0.001299424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000428461,0.000150915,0.00003900368,0.0001611666,0.0001987579,0.0002223755,0.00005580812,0.0004274299,0.0001390375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008832657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004694619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001824335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003907668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988547,0.00006368852,0.0001612303,0.0004155252,0.0001910867,0.0003137774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993973,0.0001812327,0.00005785481,0.0001768469,0.0000300638,0.0001567307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009644335,0.00001664439,0.0007495115,0.00002985628,9.177453e-7,0.00001146936,0.003315562,6.356756e-7,0.9781474,0.005364041,0.0001216498,0.01223262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00563909,0.001048548,0.1045096,0.001954167,0.0001458967,0.003185954,0.008425754,0.06699665,0.6496398,0.03362911,0.1194876,0.005337864],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.97588,0.00004661358,0.0008736024,0.0005615427,0.0007234017,0.00008599869,0.000006230705,0.000235992,0.02158656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956597,0.00007349058,0.001261781,0.001353459,0.0001419971,0.000003833135,8.846768e-7,0.00002268975,0.001482144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3285076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054474007","doi":"10.1163/187847612x648242","title":"Body and gaze centered coding of touch locations during a dynamic task","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Gaze; Stimulus (psychology); Orientation (vector space); Communication; Psychology; Coding (social sciences); Head (geology); Computer vision; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01357290304160491,"gpt":0.2633807859810862,"spread":0.2498078829394813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001451553,0.00007250603,0.00009871014,0.00007106247,0.0002009097,0.00007789454,0.0001196139,0.0000292334,0.000002643851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000439948,0.00007043436,0.00001683319,0.000129248,0.00003574723,0.0004247183,0.0001265042,0.00006659445,0.000002075848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002241757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001309583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001315122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001700713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994007,0.00002428908,0.0001353902,0.0001485872,0.00008263314,0.0002084263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995409,0.00006253483,0.00004951033,0.0002143006,0.00002335255,0.0001094638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001025454,0.0002536266,0.08451279,0.000606922,0.0000744165,0.000002084024,0.1016526,0.0001081991,0.6669911,0.02646346,0.0000643564,0.1192602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001764827,0.00002526847,0.9543183,0.0001777747,0.000009242786,0.00003577438,0.0005083706,0.04317084,0.001104509,0.0001953853,0.0001390818,0.0001389569],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9239964,0.0002933094,0.07492719,0.0001809287,0.00004078474,0.00006243507,0.000003141546,0.0000383257,0.0004574063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972415,0.0001779122,0.002452099,0.00002837163,0.00002278366,0.000003981995,0.000001604019,0.000005014811,0.00006676342],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8698055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.287223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083929303","doi":"10.1163/187847612x646451","title":"Investigating task and modality switching costs using bimodal stimuli","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Stimulus (psychology); Modality (human–computer interaction); Task switching; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Task (project management); Modality effect; Audiology; Communication; Cognition; Computer science; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Short-term memory; Working memory","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09545766019836875,"gpt":0.383107949649183,"spread":0.2876502894508142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005872684,0.0001671335,0.0001729914,0.00009325009,0.0004209071,0.00009719886,0.00004502978,0.0001237796,0.0002977368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000125846,0.0001589741,0.00003142741,0.0000826208,0.00007515291,0.0003648762,0.00004590747,0.0002775123,0.00002857771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006290211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001102639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00253705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007185142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988012,0.0002106617,0.0002357772,0.0002735417,0.0001178554,0.0003609536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994056,0.0001216688,0.00007915953,0.0001514499,0.00003069393,0.0002113926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001177016,0.00005207598,0.5029184,0.00005454295,0.00003665752,0.000001839906,0.1165483,0.00005604819,0.2854941,0.001165599,0.00009235902,0.09356834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003466948,0.00002449846,0.9501398,0.0001429055,0.00002972522,0.00008869357,0.007336449,0.04123137,0.00006513405,0.00009669647,0.0002329366,0.0002651007],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926273,0.0003464819,0.003328965,0.0001145198,0.0004456259,0.000110373,0.000004412786,0.00008940139,0.002932929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959952,0.00001396977,0.00299807,0.0003737088,0.000375915,0.000004194464,0.000005612585,0.00002330083,0.0002100601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4472215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6482775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031806932","doi":"10.1163/187847612x647720","title":"Brain areas involved in echolocation motion processing in blind echolocation experts","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Human echolocation; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Motion (physics); Psychology; Neuroscience; Echo (communications protocol); Communication; Computer vision; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06496849513415913,"gpt":0.3273039134926712,"spread":0.2623354183585121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002566794,0.000101519,0.0001032203,0.0002829581,0.0001579896,0.00008279269,0.00005532339,0.0000795645,0.00001667472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006409015,0.0001050406,0.0000164972,0.0003121047,0.00002818067,0.00108792,0.00001915359,0.0001899359,0.00001047343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009841621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001568109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002224383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002616248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989704,0.0001795737,0.0002293461,0.0002513062,0.0001122562,0.0002570926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996063,0.0001512292,0.00006992469,0.0001102896,0.00001547386,0.00004685717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002511553,0.0002114336,0.1266104,0.00003969965,6.087209e-7,0.00000377023,0.05500495,0.0003011384,0.7314569,0.00004473342,0.00002602436,0.08627526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008721635,0.00003928233,0.8804103,0.0005260635,0.000006247167,0.00006396273,0.01041563,0.03153424,0.07502328,0.0002098026,0.0005051154,0.0003939635],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975813,0.00006727391,0.000684517,0.0004179019,0.0001776358,0.0001322912,4.742503e-7,0.00005346679,0.0008851257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999285,0.00002686338,0.00006763089,0.0003564536,0.00008738458,0.00001994627,0.000003637967,0.00001322732,0.0001398736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7537999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4283434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976047723","doi":"10.1163/187847612x647595","title":"Two-point touch discrimination depends on the perceived length of the arm","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Illusion; Biceps; Receptive field; Psychology; Perception; Wrist; Psychophysics; Point (geometry); Sensation; Audiology; Mathematics; Communication; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Anatomy; Cognitive psychology; Medicine; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04159913790973577,"gpt":0.2623983213505555,"spread":0.2207991834408197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002802269,0.0001002144,0.00008491501,0.00002929623,0.0004083569,0.00003495428,0.0001911932,0.00002731049,0.00008935755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004330712,0.00005062602,0.00005598736,0.0001113022,0.000105325,0.0001611088,0.00008262721,0.000173858,0.00001076701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001701309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000872509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001339498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003852849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991148,0.0001634764,0.0001266189,0.0001607742,0.0002084555,0.0002258421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993168,0.000338675,0.00005893379,0.0002311477,0.00001274763,0.00004166859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001022442,0.00012528,0.01092917,0.00003825988,0.000004504476,0.000001091002,0.03956075,0.00004831973,0.9194904,0.01024649,0.0001534663,0.01939204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002697839,0.00008980423,0.8716013,0.0002699399,0.00003253926,0.00003835564,0.003754179,0.002301488,0.1200101,0.0008123606,0.0005728226,0.0002473064],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828582,0.00005196916,0.00002088938,0.0009805625,0.0003292195,0.00009755386,0.000003144611,0.0000224522,0.01563605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987,0.00004969038,0.00002076842,0.0004554344,0.0001445828,0.000005181932,2.869098e-7,0.00001025812,0.000613835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8606721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3140792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995148311","doi":"10.1163/187847612x647559","title":"Haptic object recognition is influenced by the orientation of the body relative to gravity","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Haptic perception; Orientation (vector space); Object (grammar); Computer vision; Perception; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Communication; Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Computer science; Mathematics; Geometry; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03262596721191464,"gpt":0.2985065832619526,"spread":0.265880616050038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009780113,0.00006034005,0.00006009781,0.0000263869,0.0004064404,0.0000308165,0.00006406359,0.00002561558,0.00003422584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000612827,0.00003722508,0.00003267975,0.0001642992,0.00005160222,0.000343321,0.00002726574,0.0001409712,0.00002421527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000195252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007340066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002846491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000126163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993436,0.0001701821,0.0001185047,0.0001203058,0.0001189967,0.0001284396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993622,0.000389036,0.00007140527,0.0001212491,0.00002626625,0.0000298971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006185794,0.00001567084,0.005124385,0.000004582777,0.000002861093,7.044141e-8,0.03866994,0.00000439879,0.9529314,0.00003750973,0.000136601,0.003066387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001497112,0.00006484152,0.4307406,0.0001422065,0.0000477969,0.00003781809,0.004721075,0.0004373787,0.5610305,0.0006563779,0.001802188,0.0001694871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976922,0.000008251352,0.000168995,0.000421733,0.0002832859,0.0001259536,0.00001387972,0.00001464602,0.001271109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987253,0.000007914272,0.00002059927,0.0007420577,0.00003296837,0.000006740376,6.95014e-7,0.00000521112,0.0004585398],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4256162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3126052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013761828","doi":"10.1163/187847612x647702","title":"How to combine direction cues optimally","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Sensory cue; Heuristic; Computer science; von Mises distribution; Object (grammar); Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04467997954671215,"gpt":0.3324631265659381,"spread":0.287783147019226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002057918,0.00009556366,0.00009887344,0.00008685299,0.0001476045,0.00008225402,0.00003556943,0.00006634881,0.0009679793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005229544,0.0000866521,0.00002922385,0.00007141491,0.00001919559,0.0002069882,0.00001573097,0.0001054611,0.0002543357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002479921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002376756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000229225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006734338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993713,0.00007794917,0.00009209689,0.0001590324,0.00007384191,0.000225765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996623,0.00003708495,0.00002466542,0.0001180965,0.00003011043,0.0001276945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007789008,0.0002577793,0.194339,0.00004102993,0.00006676091,0.000003177885,0.2034332,0.0000241963,0.2577643,0.002689453,0.02245182,0.3188514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001702811,0.00005752808,0.955441,0.00003193954,0.00001015961,0.00002805299,0.004274031,0.0002607414,0.000135541,0.000006807972,0.03943688,0.000147067],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975307,0.0001752229,0.002147744,0.0008375843,0.0009261594,0.00009525225,0.000001908995,0.0001166611,0.02039239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743121,0.00001945798,0.001211745,0.0003951692,0.0004061106,0.00001247967,0.000006377566,0.0000142752,0.0236223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.761102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066817573","doi":"10.1163/187847612x648260","title":"Greater sensitivity in detecting cross-modal asynchrony for body parts that are seen most often","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Action Observation and Synchronization","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchrony (computer programming); Psychology; Perspective (graphical); Communication; Movement (music); Head (geology); Sensitivity (control systems); Representation (politics); Modal; Face (sociological concept); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Acoustics; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05599380649192507,"gpt":0.3376744135471463,"spread":0.2816806070552212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007799015,0.0001438603,0.0001777992,0.00009220305,0.000293444,0.00008466453,0.00003512679,0.0001505806,0.000169683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001248643,0.0001435254,0.00003916603,0.0001134317,0.0000385041,0.0003904348,0.00003032262,0.000159203,0.00002340332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007578438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001082041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004347973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003116696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989178,0.000126348,0.0001958331,0.000263598,0.00009799477,0.0003984197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994108,0.0001911607,0.0001088216,0.000153033,0.00005246517,0.0000837186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002408357,0.00002682917,0.980858,0.00003245563,0.00001520463,0.000004612897,0.01160732,0.00008576741,0.0005524629,0.00003309694,0.0001118589,0.006648309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004884959,0.0000190825,0.9909633,0.00005605484,0.0000108173,0.0000476138,0.001580334,0.005129579,0.0002026674,0.00001847212,0.00130701,0.0001765225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887723,0.00008172544,0.009039652,0.0002060422,0.0005774984,0.0001944065,0.000009690757,0.00008248701,0.001036217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978324,0.000003492903,0.0002239283,0.0004393076,0.0003958484,0.00002655289,0.00001806181,0.0000289182,0.001031481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01010535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5852796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010127287","doi":"10.1163/187847612x648080","title":"Effects of within-modal congruency, cross-modal congruency and temporal asynchrony on the perception of perceived audio–visual distance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Stimulus onset asynchrony; Psychology; Stimulus (psychology); Perception; Asynchrony (computer programming); Cognitive psychology; Visual perception; Auditory perception; Modalities; Communication; Stimulus modality; Audiology; Computer science; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0185302357183491,"gpt":0.3275881817560078,"spread":0.3090579460376587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006238658,0.0002582605,0.0003491377,0.0001028008,0.0002873825,0.00005311157,0.0001102949,0.0001927505,0.00074119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002005788,0.0001905995,0.00008894533,0.0001034483,0.0005278695,0.000281737,0.00003434367,0.0003284317,0.00003244916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005689664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002572056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001237404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001309958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982212,0.0003727253,0.0004591196,0.0003460812,0.000255318,0.0003455195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988577,0.0004222962,0.0002405733,0.0002330023,0.0001184595,0.0001279675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002953073,0.0003099114,0.5335773,0.0002777714,0.00008436625,0.00000328682,0.1328028,0.00001349204,0.3218543,0.002731694,0.0002907106,0.007759125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007046145,0.0003014937,0.9892387,0.0002180682,0.00004093978,0.00002269881,0.007580102,0.001128738,0.0004041274,0.00003631861,0.000109431,0.0002147697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952626,0.0003065386,0.0003334338,0.00009046904,0.0006836007,0.0003636146,0.00001694378,0.00004372362,0.002899095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980592,0.00006286234,0.0001594544,0.000138993,0.0002404983,0.00002305079,0.00001390529,0.00002879796,0.001273295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4556614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.811551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986772851","doi":"10.1163/187847612x647568","title":"Sources of variance in the audiovisual perception of speech in noise","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Seeing and Perceiving","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Stimulus (psychology); Psychology; Speech recognition; Speech perception; Noise (video); Audiology; Sentence; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04102284643129953,"gpt":0.3477130950268451,"spread":0.3066902485955455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007663666,0.00007171042,0.0001346353,0.0001245373,0.00002994231,0.000007788865,0.00006610592,0.00007474783,0.0007217944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005115007,0.000054464,0.00003014142,0.000132848,0.00005892081,0.0001157485,0.000010124,0.0001447438,0.00001911938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001629063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005083999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001752193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002896982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991493,0.0002461326,0.0002398241,0.0001101849,0.00009998053,0.0001546275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996664,0.0001044206,0.0000675323,0.000123139,0.00001851798,0.0000200001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003305393,0.0001215411,0.5761272,0.00003637786,0.000004617577,0.000001115463,0.2947079,0.00001995492,0.09347376,0.0003151438,0.00006452716,0.03509478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002014177,0.00003422319,0.9683093,0.00007591623,0.000004775163,0.00001742919,0.0306423,0.0004162253,0.0000705562,0.00001495902,0.0001556917,0.00005720762],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940723,0.0001322488,0.0001145784,0.00007685722,0.0001320593,0.00009239854,0.000002029373,0.000006985511,0.005370581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999194,0.00003768524,0.0002507809,0.00006923123,0.0001148587,0.00000544454,0.000002561143,0.000006074302,0.0003193552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3921821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7903143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}