{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":81,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":81,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"767bfd67cb8e","filters":{"venue":"Social Science Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2022673842","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.09.006","title":"Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":493,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health; Vlaamse regering; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Immigration; European Social Survey; Legitimacy; Immigration policy; Unemployment; Context (archaeology); Demographic economics; Equivalence (formal languages); Political science; Social psychology; Economics; Psychology; Politics; Geography; Economic growth; Mathematics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1079489531811142,"gpt":0.425452565461398,"spread":0.3175036122802839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01445923,0.0001256544,0.0001776392,0.0008557339,0.00431753,0.0002826277,0.0007505507,0.0001386317,0.0002177046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001555849,0.0001145773,0.00005639545,0.007018407,0.004178741,0.001135143,0.0001073802,0.0004726254,0.0001154792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006761668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00131478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002501469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004395105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994599,0.001251913,0.0002823181,0.0005221542,0.002213406,0.001131199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985122,0.0001643441,0.00007467649,0.0001603109,0.0009163049,0.0001721614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005318067,0.0002874599,0.005228973,0.00002208748,0.000007058858,0.000009189116,0.4125237,0.000009648546,0.003670024,0.5626572,0.001678904,0.01385258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001944182,0.000650091,0.3663932,0.0001855057,0.00001879725,0.00001808575,0.4257385,0.01298004,0.0009715878,0.01626324,0.1729824,0.001854371],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6844392,0.0005425992,0.004128308,0.001078106,0.00042403,0.001226002,0.000007307787,0.0001424243,0.308012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911114,0.0008542734,0.0002044597,0.0000666002,0.0004631121,0.00007482769,0.00001209554,0.00001200294,0.007201213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.546394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985313,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307898740","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102805","title":"Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","field":"Psychology","cited_by":250,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Measurement invariance; Invariant (physics); Bayesian probability; Computer science; Scale invariance; Management science; Econometrics; Data science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Structural equation modeling; Confirmatory factor analysis; Machine learning; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.8828384851528474,"gpt":0.6478908094641224,"spread":0.234947675688725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04447455,0.0001708604,0.0005927502,0.0003518726,0.003641644,0.00006549618,0.002069226,0.0001597906,0.0003295428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005587693,0.0000936945,0.0002112908,0.003505371,0.003244969,0.00008874335,0.0005803219,0.00187266,0.00001062029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002636252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002891309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002023225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002424598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9872773,0.007878827,0.0005379544,0.0007106097,0.002726512,0.0008687491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987999,0.0004315756,0.0002485284,0.0002266905,0.0002214967,0.00007177349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007000866,0.000210464,0.000007930284,0.0002926165,0.0000068707,0.000002799437,0.02687112,2.392375e-9,3.191786e-7,0.03336857,0.00146727,0.937765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007705643,0.0001206659,0.005380456,0.0001913006,0.00001225665,0.000005503387,0.01660224,5.604939e-8,7.02104e-8,0.0005991618,0.9769101,0.0001011599],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009020755,0.9748105,0.000003190373,0.00402245,0.0005552298,0.0009743965,0.00000889286,0.000007643241,0.01952745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000925202,0.9974664,0.00009627271,0.00003822423,0.0003898804,0.0006703023,8.425974e-7,0.0000104963,0.0004023974],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9754428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022011440","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.09.002","title":"Exploring actor and partner correlates of sexual satisfaction among married couples","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Spouse; Psychology; Respondent; Social psychology; Pornography; Interpersonal communication; Cohabitation; Interpersonal relationship; Developmental psychology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3277633145841832,"gpt":0.4878610528411306,"spread":0.1600977382569474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002033044,0.00007661302,0.0001491032,0.0003123275,0.0005885048,0.00004882764,0.000258424,0.0001795465,0.0001704233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002316361,0.00007164219,0.000015063,0.001073623,0.002776064,0.0003062217,0.00009073942,0.0005153226,0.00001664102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008067903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008576101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001382175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980859,0.0001383334,0.00017394,0.000371338,0.0006472841,0.0005831782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993138,0.0001534089,0.00005338315,0.00019256,0.0001875912,0.00009923316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003782477,0.00007934143,0.6208206,0.00000478431,0.000006244386,0.000006548394,0.009033255,7.624648e-8,0.05166318,0.08059064,0.0001590095,0.2375985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001841901,0.0002748803,0.9809483,0.000003814378,0.000004505368,0.000002028291,0.01472682,0.000007405341,0.00169599,0.001886588,0.0001892381,0.00007623514],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992547,0.0000627861,0.000005650128,0.0002913396,0.0002564117,0.0001753652,0.000003597761,0.00005656853,0.006601287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991301,0.0000227782,0.00001612115,0.000008439421,0.00009391693,0.00002923308,9.81017e-7,0.000005607959,0.0006928056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3601277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094615701","doi":"10.1006/ssre.2000.0694","title":"A Multilevel Analysis of the Determinants of Recycling Behavior in the European Countries","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"European union; Multilevel model; Variance (accounting); Variables; Population; Function (biology); Variable (mathematics); Public economics; Business; Economics; Environmental health; International trade; Medicine; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0794413321686314,"gpt":0.4424365525753979,"spread":0.3629952204067665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00863808,0.00004476684,0.00009773234,0.0001116055,0.0005414882,0.00002502927,0.0009717399,0.00001996424,0.000345928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004734742,0.00002671647,0.00006748869,0.003389181,0.0043496,0.0001348399,0.0003502251,0.000160257,0.0000104073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003083613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006427998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001620348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000917829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973831,0.0006663021,0.0002082263,0.0002004988,0.00123354,0.0003083129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994469,0.0001532813,0.00006690793,0.0002698907,0.00002862257,0.00003442821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003844677,0.000129653,0.974895,0.000001985302,0.000001304234,0.000001192305,0.009376511,0.00002367833,0.001763709,0.00004758347,0.00001259037,0.01374298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000458782,0.00001220887,0.9891243,0.000002079311,0.0000110302,3.401481e-7,0.009677995,0.0002444114,0.0004957306,0.0001028872,0.0002533698,0.00002977971],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840379,0.000004552237,0.000002370986,0.0003088961,0.00002063362,0.0002305378,0.000003012067,0.000001517195,0.01539054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997023,0.00001220461,0.00001897728,0.00003038382,0.000008101326,0.0000130641,2.15865e-7,0.000002211007,0.0002124861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01566442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058328490","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.09.005","title":"Traversing the flexible turn: US workers’ perceptions of job security, 1977–2002","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":163,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Job security; Unemployment; Perception; Demographic economics; Vulnerability (computing); Quarter (Canadian coin); Psychology; Social security; Survey data collection; Economics; Social psychology; Labour economics; Work (physics); Economic growth; Geography; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1551013204850569,"gpt":0.5249730528991668,"spread":0.3698717324141099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005249415,0.00007978932,0.0001492965,0.0002029854,0.01023082,0.0000393319,0.0005729531,0.00009189938,0.0007934161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000216666,0.00005484366,0.00007323309,0.002221013,0.003024893,0.0001855598,0.000438134,0.0007734112,0.0001876828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003098432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006193714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008570983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001802133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964749,0.0005888657,0.0002585893,0.000244958,0.001412485,0.00102025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986036,0.0004665988,0.00006509975,0.0001820937,0.0006079387,0.00007461467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002964756,0.00009795856,0.7500924,0.00006700814,0.00001165601,0.000001757777,0.05325336,0.000002608904,0.003829904,0.03569756,0.1544886,0.00242753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002508983,0.00004954599,0.8994834,0.00007063919,0.000006589589,2.330198e-7,0.06778906,0.00001726153,0.00008502727,0.0132233,0.01892944,0.0000945983],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.652081,0.00009773712,0.00001169758,0.01288982,0.0002149483,0.0004238294,0.000009252762,0.00003331266,0.3342384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870756,0.00003834566,0.00001669339,0.0000657307,0.0006438884,0.00003976586,0.000001123162,0.000007446312,0.01211144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3349946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084346628","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.03.002","title":"The relationship between incarceration and premature adult mortality: Gender specific evidence","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Western University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Neglect; Collateral; National Longitudinal Surveys; Demography; Psychology; Longitudinal study; Injury prevention; Poison control; Medicine; Gerontology; Psychiatry; Demographic economics; Environmental health; Political science; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3688482837667942,"gpt":0.5120892394098823,"spread":0.143240955643088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01403116,0.00006174275,0.00008905257,0.0001704657,0.01397617,0.001042646,0.0005167682,0.00008940265,0.00001857773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009037669,0.00004716686,0.00004425198,0.002747286,0.003419946,0.0006228782,0.0001320085,0.0004392726,0.00003445379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002516424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004192871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003401916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005370864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959351,0.001008603,0.0001633866,0.0003272436,0.002019425,0.000546264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954965,0.00318134,0.00005136127,0.0001972247,0.0009115665,0.0001620158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007759307,0.00001212957,0.2949765,0.00001439905,0.000007077409,4.16259e-7,0.04771499,0.000001123759,0.0001740773,0.5530508,0.0008620662,0.1031787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004142225,0.00002564025,0.806107,0.00002231116,0.00002913878,2.509585e-7,0.1613782,0.0001406257,0.00002336456,0.02659422,0.005536089,0.0001016951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9653449,0.0002351555,0.0004773722,0.003951875,0.0001120236,0.0002208736,0.000001029338,0.00003113505,0.0296256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998001,0.0003544773,0.00003188046,0.00002715581,0.001005638,0.00002063866,7.477814e-7,0.00000393898,0.0005545538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5264565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052667730","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.11.015","title":"Cultural capital in context: Heterogeneous returns to cultural capital across schooling environments","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cultural capital; Social reproduction; Social mobility; Economics; Capital (architecture); Context (archaeology); Economic capital; Reproduction; Human capital; Social capital; Demographic economics; Cultural reproduction; Labour economics; Sociology; Economic growth; Geography; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06584874047762944,"gpt":0.4415818472028409,"spread":0.3757331067252114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006941165,0.0002169197,0.0003221833,0.0001384029,0.005812224,0.001110361,0.001541402,0.0002451669,0.000120648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002455835,0.0001794144,0.0001596964,0.002260257,0.004261751,0.001147509,0.0005330111,0.0007651155,0.0005219004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001725205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003228741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01261282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03096142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9924059,0.0008378741,0.0003968086,0.0007830035,0.003259345,0.002317063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984487,0.0001604796,0.0000860149,0.000206281,0.0004245571,0.0006739974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006014157,0.0001553996,0.0166616,0.000009560987,0.00001517076,0.00002418105,0.8818988,0.00006113701,0.02096361,0.03995358,0.0006094518,0.03958743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008409558,0.0002492644,0.0678817,0.00005085887,0.000005653184,0.000005094382,0.8896055,0.0002100643,0.001105164,0.009406153,0.02975247,0.0008871154],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843171,0.00006330712,0.000008426423,0.00260585,0.0004732886,0.0005635892,0.00001940383,0.00004830118,0.01190075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964054,0.00005076024,0.00004735661,0.000221685,0.001054425,0.00005580836,0.000007610693,0.00001442087,0.002142584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0512201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2917561171","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.004","title":"In the mix: Social integration and social media adoption","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Research Council, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Spencer Foundation; Russell Sage Foundation","keywords":"Social media; Social integration; Dominance (genetics); Community integration; Sociology; Social engagement; Social competence; Social network (sociolinguistics); Public relations; Psychology; Social change; Political science; Computer science; Social science; World Wide Web; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1005469363619703,"gpt":0.4677361891750966,"spread":0.3671892528131263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0143503,0.00009094975,0.0001433957,0.0003819377,0.004603266,0.0004586023,0.001088899,0.0002718506,0.0001164946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001236514,0.00007381823,0.00004472827,0.002730611,0.005679408,0.0008096038,0.000191235,0.0008583417,0.0001341566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006020667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006472323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001146438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002000022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951051,0.0008845177,0.000185932,0.0003435917,0.00249386,0.0009869242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991971,0.0002745638,0.00006741189,0.00009854444,0.0003026673,0.00005969129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004680793,0.0001548655,0.009970203,0.00001382605,0.000003428224,0.000005327886,0.3877803,3.247217e-8,0.006392483,0.4914858,0.007035269,0.09711159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008134148,0.00007746,0.4796807,0.00002201251,0.000005116881,0.000001544846,0.4519137,0.00003023411,0.0003584861,0.0537562,0.01304278,0.000298363],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9137151,0.00001861939,0.000006241237,0.03743261,0.0003256001,0.0005038179,0.000003327306,0.00004524184,0.04794944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986476,0.00002445305,0.00002554077,0.0002565104,0.0006356959,0.00001861704,0.000001676316,0.000006314937,0.0003835426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4697105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036527143","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.11.003","title":"Career pathways for temporary workers: Exploring heterogeneous mobility dynamics with sequence analysis","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Multinomial logistic regression; Typology; Demographic economics; Panel Study of Income Dynamics; Wage; Sample (material); Temporary work; Work (physics); Labour economics; Economics; Sociology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4732746353461381,"gpt":0.518883691900027,"spread":0.04560905655388897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008430537,0.0001250477,0.0002873938,0.000345207,0.006715924,0.00005612057,0.0005854533,0.00008614919,0.00003083515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052014,0.00009388101,0.0001024732,0.003353372,0.001471134,0.0003423774,0.000400952,0.0004797612,0.00001668959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008386034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000722996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001760515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002878302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960242,0.0005481179,0.0002735511,0.0005730393,0.001308393,0.001272712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974551,0.0008267905,0.00008401078,0.0003294023,0.001109609,0.0001950978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008544727,0.00004972325,0.9703862,0.0001013046,0.00009208925,0.000002320606,0.009516805,0.00003138387,0.0002002981,0.009446998,0.0001901336,0.009897265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002117241,0.001678247,0.7586661,0.0003476361,0.000306694,8.480847e-7,0.1788359,0.01606903,0.0004417664,0.03234489,0.007778641,0.001413039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843802,0.00003254874,0.001561914,0.00160735,0.0001470601,0.001012329,0.00004095716,0.00008764617,0.01112996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981019,0.00001374583,0.0001848829,0.00005417054,0.000279258,0.0009426718,0.00001349614,0.00001420754,0.0003956922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2117202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973951648","doi":"10.1006/ssre.2000.0679","title":"Canadian Biotechnology Start-Ups, 1991–1997: The Role of Incumbents' Patents and Strategic Alliances in Controlling Competition","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Appropriation; Context (archaeology); Alliance; Exploit; Industrial organization; Business; Face (sociological concept); Political science; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05247095826019814,"gpt":0.3174341464901319,"spread":0.2649631882299337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00238304,0.00005960478,0.00009406963,0.0005344785,0.0007799606,0.0002413873,0.000385393,0.0000506672,0.0001859737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004510064,0.00004705618,0.00001354398,0.002503908,0.0007736445,0.0003052843,0.0000984975,0.0001996381,0.0000664935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001257802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000111845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06113034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08966385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986892,0.00002969122,0.0001662095,0.0001965038,0.0004588172,0.0004595714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996147,0.00002024436,0.0000435219,0.00008830296,0.0002187298,0.00001447946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000123031,0.00002856896,0.007721853,0.00001717698,0.000003100715,0.0000019178,0.0001872741,0.000002630525,0.0008218038,0.9504094,0.00002202371,0.04077196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002163532,0.00008073454,0.0590285,0.0001625378,0.00001523832,7.940205e-7,0.06335641,0.03995004,0.0006565813,0.6686885,0.1653389,0.0005581768],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6956408,0.00007720272,7.207393e-7,0.003131116,0.00004561896,0.0002701501,0.000002604949,0.00001297095,0.3008188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995235,0.00004508904,0.000006009824,0.0001681869,0.0001251348,0.00001389445,0.000006360032,0.00000371251,0.0001080998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3038827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9451216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032705145","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.12.001","title":"Social mobility in 20 modern societies: The role of economic and political context","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Social mobility; Politics; Per capita; Industrialisation; Survey data collection; Demographic economics; Variation (astronomy); European Social Survey; Multilevel model; Inequality; Context (archaeology); Development economics; Social stratification; Social inequality; Economics; Political science; Economic geography; Sociology; Geography; Demography; Social science; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2898841980232481,"gpt":0.5052695401898493,"spread":0.2153853421666012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006516973,0.00005149594,0.0001131969,0.00007497601,0.002473434,0.00005971019,0.0004082012,0.00006113469,0.0001174536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004398017,0.00004048165,0.00004457234,0.000365773,0.008514429,0.0002207692,0.0001699066,0.0001969654,0.00001125431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004486106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001365928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01599377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006337628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979061,0.0003998669,0.0001907553,0.0002111847,0.0007136891,0.0005783794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991449,0.0003034701,0.0000338216,0.00005765576,0.0003804193,0.00007975972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009514598,0.00005868188,0.009191076,0.000002697486,0.000003369744,4.779205e-8,0.1487166,8.122463e-8,0.0001886652,0.8397385,0.0004075479,0.001683172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005741659,0.00001957837,0.04977817,0.000002616137,0.000001317465,7.521243e-8,0.2547611,0.00007569926,0.0003672272,0.6929052,0.001972806,0.00005880077],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8005397,0.0001267987,0.000002150569,0.01205426,0.00008545834,0.000188158,0.00001143482,0.000006110628,0.1869859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989977,0.0000163266,0.00001417459,0.0000908977,0.0003816196,0.00003635949,5.461415e-7,0.000002355468,0.0004600139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.198458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W595554136","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.002","title":"Morality and politics: Comparing alternate theories","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Morality; Biology and political orientation; Conservatism; Politics; Social psychology; Sociology; Epistemology; Moral development; Positive economics; Liberalism; Social cognitive theory of morality; Phenomenon; Variation (astronomy); Psychology; Political science; Law; Philosophy; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3754743495287663,"gpt":0.5716276939439604,"spread":0.1961533444151941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01081421,0.00006566277,0.0001398285,0.0001550399,0.003224346,0.0003982454,0.0006928142,0.00008173083,0.00004351832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001603773,0.00006085527,0.00002849971,0.001165616,0.01186244,0.0004725211,0.0003157633,0.0003059881,0.00007098365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003947356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007141448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01735486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007450173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964218,0.0006692422,0.0001319934,0.0003192904,0.001470277,0.0009874057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985827,0.0001534007,0.00003204045,0.0001090251,0.0006757267,0.0004470659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008003996,0.00002065951,0.01598408,0.000001589936,0.000002374059,0.000001999442,0.0437152,3.393694e-8,0.0001608608,0.936235,0.0008514985,0.003018672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003258536,0.00008812729,0.03211817,0.000008522622,0.000002473814,0.000001428869,0.08348802,0.00002990897,0.0001258884,0.8019474,0.08168931,0.0001749449],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5743207,0.00005013825,0.000009070784,0.006292806,0.0003571438,0.00009959741,0.0000011397,0.00003679797,0.4188327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973282,0.00002558867,0.00003900863,0.0001306771,0.001061091,0.00001069275,3.554705e-7,0.000004724369,0.001399721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4230075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001366649","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.10.003","title":"Job-related resources and the pressures of working life","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Autonomy; Resource (disambiguation); Job stress; Job attitude; Psychology; Job control; Job analysis; Job performance; Social psychology; Work (physics); Job satisfaction; Computer science; Engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2955092401742933,"gpt":0.5431412968430701,"spread":0.2476320566687769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01471526,0.00004978355,0.000143487,0.0001083256,0.005719443,0.00001897154,0.0003304281,0.00006553608,0.00008651194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001937826,0.00002818782,0.00002607206,0.0009718502,0.00451181,0.0001364813,0.0006489833,0.0005243206,0.00001877125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003804903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001716116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006494401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004011994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968815,0.00104615,0.0002041868,0.0001270279,0.0009528763,0.0007881886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980385,0.001420636,0.0000718062,0.0001052005,0.0002499939,0.0001138302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006038355,0.00001551116,0.7277094,0.00003365987,0.00001726321,9.864684e-8,0.1362871,5.304504e-8,0.000308573,0.1293572,0.003267194,0.00294355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005938063,0.00001926934,0.9170457,0.00007017973,0.000008363741,6.876864e-8,0.03888029,0.000006999185,0.00002330332,0.005752832,0.03754019,0.00005906443],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8074848,0.002536161,9.462547e-7,0.01002804,0.0001882309,0.0003982177,9.263748e-7,0.00001730982,0.1793454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969644,0.0001714566,0.000004932561,0.0000734811,0.0003877334,0.00004224874,1.564954e-7,0.000004603723,0.002351004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1894796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017894958","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.12.001","title":"Work–family conflict in context: The impact of structural and perceived neighborhood disadvantage on work–family conflict","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Disadvantage; Disadvantaged; Work–family conflict; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Family conflict; Social psychology; Stressor; Residence; Inequality; Work (physics); Demographic economics; Political science; Economic growth; Geography; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09561293656422173,"gpt":0.4429565745329357,"spread":0.3473436379687139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01019628,0.0002653162,0.0004878373,0.0003861115,0.002364014,0.0004213276,0.001730903,0.0002305662,0.00008676187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001971819,0.0001839142,0.0001561697,0.00363802,0.01149291,0.0004933716,0.0003533195,0.001066186,0.00002809027],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007553057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009973445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00674271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001153578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9928094,0.001659011,0.0004057146,0.000735301,0.002647699,0.001742931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964243,0.00208503,0.0001579253,0.000435482,0.0005236357,0.0003736376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000459738,0.0001517169,0.6611329,0.0000201498,0.00003790402,0.000007178653,0.2127785,0.00002863594,0.006987169,0.04629757,0.00104823,0.07105021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005761606,0.0002041038,0.9412075,0.0000837868,0.000003337683,2.997739e-7,0.05476706,0.00003838885,0.00001734298,0.001849185,0.001041194,0.0002116784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9152771,0.0006482393,0.000003258746,0.001148438,0.0001877351,0.0007235745,0.00001196512,0.00004317005,0.08195648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984556,0.0005830489,0.00001031963,0.0001090184,0.0004062129,0.00003575226,0.000001682739,0.00002164978,0.000376672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2800745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051948928","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.05.008","title":"The demands of creative work: Implications for stress in the work–family interface","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Human multitasking; Work (physics); Psychology; Work–family conflict; Creative work; Social psychology; Interface (matter); Cognitive psychology; Engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1715312288617236,"gpt":0.5020549861094297,"spread":0.3305237572477061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01451139,0.00008041632,0.0001353644,0.0001380282,0.004045612,0.0002942,0.002366936,0.0000892344,0.000007153664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001911006,0.00005061964,0.00006533892,0.004928283,0.005161017,0.0002458173,0.0001170321,0.0003857783,0.000004996196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003339073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008434678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003810092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001245198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965326,0.0006845168,0.0002221004,0.0003093038,0.001247429,0.001004091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966661,0.002207987,0.00008309643,0.0002820968,0.000679409,0.00008126278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001698761,0.0003825386,0.08712644,0.000009405889,0.00001280582,5.159011e-7,0.2897685,0.00001740733,0.001429421,0.3837963,0.01253553,0.2247513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001283451,0.00007049164,0.8230349,0.00004066714,0.00000208372,3.964999e-8,0.1339224,0.000001507737,0.00008928234,0.03760674,0.005028258,0.00007531653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6869013,0.001655911,0.0001969509,0.05992887,0.0001594159,0.001835356,0.00001582047,0.00003987956,0.2492665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982362,0.0005752168,0.00006273947,0.00004747088,0.0002282286,0.000147955,5.763215e-7,0.00000430176,0.0006973194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7359084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980463629","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.01.002","title":"Marrying out: Comparing the marital and social integration of Asians in the US and Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Exogamy; Ethnic group; Immigration; Social integration; Geography; Marital status; Demography; Demographic economics; Political science; Sociology; Population; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09372027244518696,"gpt":0.4386137369661901,"spread":0.3448934645210031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01210233,0.00004016778,0.0000708531,0.00008427599,0.002760977,0.0002108424,0.000355598,0.00004143917,0.000007373551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003951861,0.00002631158,0.00001126667,0.0008635876,0.002549309,0.0001623804,0.0000751847,0.0002922572,2.453103e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002439673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009031364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6177605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.993801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978031,0.0003348816,0.0001305964,0.0001305537,0.001206074,0.0003948173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993795,0.0003096076,0.00003693968,0.00004707405,0.0001837313,0.00004318752],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001511077,0.00002170446,0.09089036,0.000007850071,0.000002226242,0.000003194348,0.4958576,8.279752e-7,0.001100685,0.3823858,0.0004342318,0.0292804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000121325,0.0000137515,0.5323307,0.000006782049,0.000001801543,4.884072e-7,0.4600785,0.0005462114,0.0000347977,0.001924273,0.004874661,0.0000666914],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523461,0.0000199858,0.0000416933,0.007690193,0.00005943853,0.0001853067,0.000002281869,0.000003359626,0.03965163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996108,0.00001832023,0.00001626297,0.00009526478,0.0001123398,0.000003141026,6.553894e-7,0.000001740368,0.0001414311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4414403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127844637","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102537","title":"Experiences matter: A longitudinal study of individual-level sources of declining social trust in the United States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"Riksbankens Jubileumsfond","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Unemployment; Demographic economics; Survey data collection; Interpersonal ties; Panel data; General Social Survey; Confidence interval; Fixed effects model; Social trust; World Values Survey; Tracking (education); Economics; Longitudinal data; Psychology; European Social Survey; Politics; Social psychology; Demography; Econometrics; Political science; Social capital; Sociology; Economic growth; Medicine; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3284375850543525,"gpt":0.4934418132679634,"spread":0.1650042282136109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01378362,0.0001122095,0.0003024185,0.0004051283,0.003522671,0.0003206107,0.0016525,0.0001221365,0.0002593033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009712775,0.00009014062,0.00008875623,0.009732272,0.006619692,0.000329613,0.0004398922,0.000505552,0.000005767785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001259665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001112662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01219868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005792242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9920264,0.002099745,0.0004426037,0.0004056134,0.004104895,0.0009206981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975722,0.001099676,0.0001734113,0.000143269,0.0009179299,0.0000935549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002026551,0.0003946634,0.1983736,0.000007523888,0.0000105135,0.00001150927,0.7947075,0.000002479853,0.00003777845,0.004022419,0.0002866437,0.002125154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000194646,0.00009041694,0.333254,0.0000105635,0.000005271066,3.133712e-7,0.6640202,0.000005816336,0.00008275434,0.002149144,0.0001166787,0.00007017799],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907815,0.0001154781,0.000003301101,0.00123882,0.0001281862,0.0003524159,0.000009554125,0.0000106986,0.007360078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993308,0.00004909944,0.00002091064,0.00006650801,0.0003443426,0.00007135277,0.000004053301,0.000006652047,0.0001063188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1348805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085118455","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.07.003","title":"Unemployment and crime: A neighborhood level panel data approach","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Legal guardian; Unemployment; Kinship; Affect (linguistics); Psychology; Social psychology; Criminology; Sociology; Economics; Political science; Law; Economic growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7501836637928869,"gpt":0.5810724139100059,"spread":0.1691112498828811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01261002,0.00007786816,0.0001113815,0.0001923272,0.004071261,0.0004570439,0.001388684,0.00007084091,0.000495752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007285556,0.00007083105,0.0000366632,0.001401033,0.003427204,0.001260865,0.001181082,0.0003075023,0.0000773314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002323014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004890836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005241558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001565883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995981,0.0004067548,0.0001564441,0.00041832,0.001791555,0.001245932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988254,0.0001151144,0.00003472305,0.000350028,0.000265114,0.0004095819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001189761,0.0009333587,0.07138823,0.00003877188,0.00002310885,0.000001376879,0.07524637,7.28962e-8,0.001709897,0.6777887,0.03226142,0.1405967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006531503,0.0001483226,0.5260925,0.00004892006,0.00003166875,0.000004642116,0.1737176,0.0005268485,0.0003075734,0.00926422,0.2885415,0.0006629489],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1786616,0.000868901,0.001288111,0.005436262,0.0005717016,0.0008232063,0.000129211,0.00009156786,0.8121294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962073,0.00006771831,0.0002643828,0.00004672871,0.0007878716,0.00002374694,0.000008539586,0.000007502069,0.002586202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8175457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016221592","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.03.002","title":"Racial diversity, minority concentration, and trust in Canadian urban neighborhoods","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Statistics Canada","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Racial diversity; Diversity (politics); Racial composition; Racial differences; Racial bias; Racial group; Sociology; Sample (material); Ethnic group; Racism; Demographic economics; Psychology; Social psychology; Race (biology); Gender studies; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08548282240764589,"gpt":0.4135237130269089,"spread":0.328040890619263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005385817,0.00009017322,0.0001541975,0.0002721488,0.009817929,0.0003734427,0.0005581871,0.0001198808,0.0001177625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001280073,0.00009459916,0.00003096314,0.002878426,0.003012888,0.000699941,0.0001734037,0.0003191214,0.00001808993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001090771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002772277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4720664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6101161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961655,0.0003705109,0.0001620328,0.0003877542,0.001597394,0.001316865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986047,0.0001522372,0.00003449728,0.00009261416,0.0005403141,0.0005756084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008607448,0.00003328821,0.6392039,0.000001794797,0.000002203797,0.000007370953,0.0981057,1.12824e-7,0.00004906795,0.2472451,0.002578297,0.01276452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003183141,0.00007046857,0.948679,0.000005433005,0.000003073909,2.009669e-7,0.01748976,0.00006243507,0.00002025206,0.01368734,0.01949596,0.0001677106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5532732,0.0002031508,0.000003879097,0.01062713,0.0001775663,0.0003500691,0.00000904958,0.00002769731,0.4353283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979706,0.0001452346,0.0000154245,0.0002141763,0.0005410617,0.000004683722,0.000001334429,0.000002131442,0.001105295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4446975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528505790","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.023","title":"Discovering pockets of complexity: Socioeconomic status, stress exposure, and the nuances of the health gradient","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Stressor; Association (psychology); Psychology; Mental health; Well-being; Health equity; Workforce; Anxiety; Social psychology; Developmental psychology; Demographic economics; Sociology; Public health; Demography; Medicine; Clinical psychology; Economics; Population; Psychiatry; Economic growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2014365772923183,"gpt":0.5160455116312294,"spread":0.3146089343389111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00617891,0.00005997957,0.0002186198,0.00005929528,0.0039124,0.00001094868,0.0004415561,0.0000277739,0.00003418422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003418625,0.00002497531,0.00004512786,0.0003032474,0.008644539,0.0001329624,0.0007347139,0.0002252539,0.000003310016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002367765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000802256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003714888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001981171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971676,0.0009876344,0.0003056725,0.0001851284,0.0006521256,0.0007017875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984187,0.0009084383,0.0002016964,0.000170857,0.0002318272,0.00006841905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006877668,0.00002519734,0.673722,0.0001152896,0.00001430409,4.030191e-8,0.04665332,6.751925e-8,0.0003121218,0.2694575,0.0006992894,0.008931993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000808147,0.00008054647,0.9346506,0.000174732,0.000002107708,3.523025e-8,0.03186079,0.000002622801,0.0001680605,0.03126525,0.0009422827,0.00004482047],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9608116,0.0004393586,0.000003577984,0.0336431,0.0002043815,0.0005912191,0.00006303234,0.000005619122,0.004238117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986706,0.0007724338,0.000005921973,0.00006652568,0.00008925584,0.00003669424,2.290607e-7,0.000004179676,0.0003541033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2609286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321138149","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.010","title":"Liking and hyperlinking: Community detection in online child sexual exploitation networks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Sex work and related issues","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperlink; Psychology; Computer science; Computer security; Developmental psychology; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1192134720166248,"gpt":0.4421227251817264,"spread":0.3229092531651017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01006288,0.00006100122,0.00009382237,0.0003082523,0.006014383,0.0001878871,0.0003962544,0.000158603,0.00001984279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00140751,0.00004603324,0.00001484338,0.00239048,0.00301714,0.0005081121,0.0001679714,0.0007382483,0.000006684546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003597705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001861242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005976036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008502732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968296,0.001208441,0.0001399489,0.0002202798,0.0009336267,0.0006681111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989033,0.0005777178,0.00003566118,0.00009902283,0.0002577716,0.0001265346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002210992,0.0001219142,0.01692597,0.000004904758,0.000003771194,0.000002664244,0.1690998,0.000005886697,0.004442883,0.003865942,0.00002477968,0.8054793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009576547,0.0003098687,0.2836241,0.0002639489,0.000005780822,0.000002482918,0.6859084,0.0008435259,0.0008227902,0.01843724,0.008411222,0.0004130485],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835122,0.0001406245,0.0001312388,0.002895643,0.0001706304,0.0001789789,3.702313e-7,0.00004580539,0.01292451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988254,0.0003665546,0.00002713085,0.00002670793,0.0004590688,0.000008556087,5.902007e-7,0.000005910136,0.0002800515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8050663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976050168","doi":"10.1016/s0049-089x(02)00023-6","title":"The segregation of Asian-origin groups in the United States and Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Ethnic group; Census; Nationality; Metropolitan area; Geography; Demography; Index of dissimilarity; Ethnic composition; Demographic economics; Asian americans; Political science; Population; Economic growth; Sociology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08933021629337369,"gpt":0.4125821683151393,"spread":0.3232519520217656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0109589,0.00005036458,0.00007799092,0.0001267946,0.004921658,0.0001941834,0.0004638416,0.00003236166,0.00001180789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002347107,0.0000300893,0.00001394478,0.003243347,0.003414564,0.0001700251,0.0000408195,0.0002133486,0.000001060054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002809279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002040532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7553344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9072256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961534,0.001147472,0.0001484527,0.0001594155,0.001862924,0.0005283146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979759,0.001332451,0.00004726512,0.00009421794,0.0004882446,0.00006189956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005792044,0.00001914563,0.04484674,0.000004136043,0.000004199771,0.000001482328,0.0983078,0.000001866572,0.00003627032,0.848094,0.003696479,0.004982012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002174333,0.0000388786,0.118777,0.000009903579,0.00000285514,3.790948e-7,0.6377428,0.00008579124,0.0001029783,0.05531763,0.1875934,0.0001110432],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9000455,0.0001929403,0.00000811915,0.01410265,0.0001232032,0.000325513,0.000004091343,0.000006572161,0.08519146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988488,0.0005205132,0.00000775773,0.00007366758,0.0000470662,0.00001734846,8.915666e-7,0.000002142707,0.0004818067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7927765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070127413","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.01.004","title":"Do host country education and language training help recent immigrants exit poverty?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Immigration; Host (biology); Training (meteorology); Demographic economics; Psychology; Sociology; Economic growth; Economics; Political science; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06461521144343806,"gpt":0.4405263066171282,"spread":0.3759110951736901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004262703,0.00006897436,0.00009346461,0.0002996542,0.002723642,0.0008060654,0.0004145597,0.00009088105,0.0008830089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001387247,0.00006345943,0.00001856067,0.003137928,0.001725212,0.0006926982,0.00008293054,0.0002626467,0.00009633291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002680987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001920609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01446156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009235397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970121,0.0002938606,0.000129322,0.0003044498,0.00156296,0.000697324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987098,0.0001452638,0.00004080052,0.0001113315,0.0007121475,0.0002806642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005477586,0.000102215,0.002787019,0.00001051044,0.000003658791,0.000001031111,0.4343199,2.259185e-7,0.007954362,0.1805358,0.01240524,0.3618745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001787484,0.00003807235,0.03660068,0.00002981739,0.000002720345,7.466195e-7,0.8442823,0.0002366342,0.00007781159,0.006550866,0.1117801,0.0002214946],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8282833,0.0003208346,0.00001501766,0.009090631,0.0002884543,0.0004758019,0.000008247808,0.00004380361,0.161474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942194,0.001015569,0.00009611941,0.0004671132,0.0004178051,0.00004230168,0.000003884951,0.000006456312,0.00373135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4099624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801550494","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.014","title":"Information on biodiversity and environmental behaviors: A European study of individual and institutional drivers to adopt sustainable gardening practices","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Urban Green Space and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Eurobarometer; Externality; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Public economics; Geography; Business; Regional science; Economic growth; Socioeconomics; European union; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04869087739785746,"gpt":0.3467823944362166,"spread":0.2980915170383591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002821844,0.00005401727,0.00006693755,0.0001704174,0.00116806,0.0001204399,0.0002583467,0.00002182043,0.0001228833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008851864,0.00005105487,0.000007855948,0.0004710662,0.000887361,0.001175591,0.0009365996,0.0001793062,0.0001724795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002964244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006213329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002053292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001171481,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978965,0.0001347573,0.00009093376,0.0001913183,0.001348473,0.0003380447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996371,0.00003861027,0.00007898491,0.00008019821,0.00001926795,0.0001457896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002964928,0.0001165558,0.9585038,0.00000636201,0.000001850243,0.000003051334,0.03601536,0.0000129214,0.0006011353,0.000086073,0.0002616379,0.004361605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002794943,0.0006656721,0.8808892,0.000003226429,0.000003242026,7.21767e-7,0.1167143,0.00001022233,0.00002241999,0.000005330639,0.001353524,0.00005263205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921979,0.000002181138,0.000001069223,0.0002031058,0.00001417644,0.0005135227,0.000009249475,0.000005048475,0.0070538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999768,0.000006059372,0.00003887284,0.00004997047,0.00001082841,0.000002690838,0.000002384427,0.000001276203,0.0001199173],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08069894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.898389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093163684","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.08.008","title":"We trust in government, just not in yours: Race, partisanship, and political trust, 1958–2012","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); Politics; Government (linguistics); Argument (complex analysis); White (mutation); Political science; Social psychology; Term (time); Political economy; Psychology; Sociology; Law; Gender studies","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.192413118679381,"gpt":0.4897393481294023,"spread":0.2973262294500213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01258408,0.00009678859,0.0002216267,0.0001788756,0.001138163,0.0002976136,0.000417237,0.0001383238,0.0001232813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002909649,0.00009550475,0.00003276968,0.001939292,0.003272702,0.0006093421,0.0001360157,0.0004934689,0.00005568324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00112721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005047717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02489248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02193714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936113,0.001361324,0.0003067552,0.000418077,0.002325068,0.001977456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998522,0.000621584,0.00003895728,0.0001305771,0.00011369,0.0005731743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001695767,0.00007876101,0.1574819,0.00001360391,7.727227e-7,0.000002038437,0.006826382,3.161089e-7,0.0006729008,0.8301832,0.000214835,0.004508374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007390972,0.0002151507,0.8721281,0.00009550213,0.0000052656,7.296752e-7,0.02961952,0.0007233105,0.0007397748,0.07270031,0.02263058,0.0004026206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.866118,0.00003535431,0.000008021711,0.02062396,0.0001206227,0.0003168932,0.000005655277,0.00001757155,0.1127539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976753,0.00001321524,0.00001590299,0.0001101931,0.0006058803,0.00004246256,4.541751e-7,0.000007627251,0.00152898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7574829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210696294","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102667","title":"Social isolation and achievement of students with learning disabilities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Family and Disability Support Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Social isolation; Psychology; Mediation; Quarter (Canadian coin); Isolation (microbiology); Perception; Developmental psychology; Longitudinal study; Social psychology; Mathematics education; Sociology; Medicine; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1555996238312344,"gpt":0.5269618576838898,"spread":0.3713622338526554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004940816,0.00006860116,0.0001453364,0.0001268809,0.001374254,0.0001410212,0.0003242787,0.00006749667,0.0004949851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006353533,0.00005923216,0.00003196241,0.001413142,0.004496619,0.0001895153,0.000406703,0.0004406415,0.00002648275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001426537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004315047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004538253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001015505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960457,0.0006314661,0.0001706085,0.0004212472,0.002097343,0.0006336265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987413,0.0003800018,0.00003125904,0.0001362502,0.0006051998,0.000105937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001249879,0.000401573,0.9035785,0.00004241672,0.00001872855,0.000004925062,0.04024576,3.907857e-7,0.006290535,0.03901064,0.0002099613,0.01007159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003782604,0.0002692006,0.7610853,0.000007528049,0.000003148502,0.000001428174,0.2349257,0.000007230833,0.0006630946,0.002126371,0.0004585446,0.00007419274],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9536816,0.00004363212,0.00002252035,0.001247038,0.00003552733,0.0001887604,0.000002956464,0.00001235169,0.04476554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970597,0.000004731084,0.00003554984,0.00001398819,0.00009015596,0.00003290065,0.000003791753,0.000006252279,0.002752945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1946799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057997598","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.10.004","title":"Gender, performance level, and competence standards in task groups","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Psychology; Social psychology; Developmental psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3104032851862589,"gpt":0.5040910573359599,"spread":0.1936877721497011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00950885,0.00009328773,0.0001776598,0.0003484764,0.005150064,0.0001195368,0.0007935949,0.0001349057,0.0001425723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008360852,0.00009126038,0.00003353458,0.003002995,0.01246004,0.0006811827,0.0002357654,0.0005399162,0.00003658803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007315245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00187397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00298486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001341348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995041,0.0004978373,0.0002001862,0.0004707687,0.002565525,0.001224671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987886,0.0001828881,0.00003841338,0.0001206531,0.0006329952,0.0002364478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001137495,0.0002375802,0.2673136,0.00002813786,0.000008480465,0.00006405613,0.3683258,4.846316e-7,0.006797423,0.2771113,0.006667764,0.07333159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004912303,0.0001663875,0.9133894,0.00001932939,0.00000115372,0.000007716891,0.03734462,0.00004056462,0.0001078309,0.01016866,0.03800757,0.0002554924],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8270429,0.0001330068,0.00001784987,0.001512793,0.0002565988,0.0002004281,0.000007945458,0.00003018476,0.1707983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977225,0.001089127,0.00006859379,0.0001507451,0.0003741603,0.00002401538,5.252182e-7,0.000006661297,0.0005636555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6460758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094165908","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102599","title":"How teachers form educational expectations for students: A comparative factorial survey experiment in three institutional contexts","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universiteit van Amsterdam; York University","keywords":"Disadvantaged; Meritocracy; Context (archaeology); Tracking (education); Psychology; Mathematics education; Literacy; Social psychology; Pedagogy; Political science; Economic growth; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3507156155579865,"gpt":0.583055682590701,"spread":0.2323400670327145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00515818,0.00008447299,0.0001506155,0.0002126138,0.003980461,0.0008201388,0.0007124535,0.00008279043,0.0001164794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002806229,0.00008547135,0.00005431715,0.002207054,0.002083858,0.001175775,0.0001234021,0.0003002174,0.00002018349],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001422783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007351981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003152607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08070435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958696,0.0004118272,0.0001696877,0.0003843196,0.002444774,0.0007198325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972863,0.0008733732,0.0000473861,0.0001053231,0.001505369,0.0001822997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001119308,0.0007396581,0.3188553,0.000008596639,0.00002570886,0.000002047696,0.4357884,0.000004489253,0.002220825,0.2335149,0.005079848,0.003648319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001102124,0.00006889143,0.8016341,0.00002362747,0.000002229078,2.785455e-7,0.1639991,0.00002605311,0.001029088,0.01394696,0.01793775,0.0002297781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980673,0.0001910577,0.0001467869,0.005870648,0.0008910777,0.0006688159,0.00004605126,0.00001323945,0.01149939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996761,0.0000156504,0.0001413617,0.00002727547,0.001363018,0.0003637615,0.00003317524,0.000003726319,0.001291093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4827788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080684832","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102449","title":"How does gun violence affect Americans’ trust in each other?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Gun violence; Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Socioeconomic status; Survey data collection; Gun control; Social psychology; Suicide prevention; Injury prevention; Poison control; Census; Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study; Human factors and ergonomics; Criminology; Demography; Developmental psychology; Medical emergency; Medicine; Political science; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2072137122459713,"gpt":0.4887833257617187,"spread":0.2815696135157474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01352389,0.0001714261,0.0003013419,0.0005060468,0.003484107,0.001121576,0.002635792,0.0001722865,0.0002898766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005396324,0.0001322688,0.0001096569,0.0102742,0.01025393,0.0009964873,0.0004362167,0.001200033,0.0001600822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006049449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002561771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009520549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002066655,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9896482,0.001820886,0.0002161936,0.0009244247,0.004800686,0.002589631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977068,0.0005581595,0.00006374346,0.0002479111,0.000551208,0.0008722002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001697448,0.0003050092,0.2749447,0.000144754,0.00001441767,0.00008907911,0.1468117,0.000002468807,0.03557257,0.1263705,0.001123611,0.4144515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001659971,0.001020572,0.1307328,0.0005790406,0.00001053975,0.000001289274,0.6998263,0.0009343996,0.01095428,0.03271562,0.1198911,0.001674039],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8019654,0.0002605824,0.0001297636,0.09225538,0.000243489,0.001298794,0.00001731577,0.0001689712,0.1036604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973333,0.0005831756,0.00009609298,0.0003150754,0.000923925,0.00008422576,7.785292e-7,0.000017759,0.0006456671],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5530146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012210612","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.03.006","title":"Should we trust survey data? Assessing response simplification and data fabrication","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Data quality; Quality (philosophy); Task (project management); Computer science; Survey data collection; Focus (optics); Unit (ring theory); Data science; Psychology; Engineering; Statistics; Operations management; Mathematics education; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.9400145018184716,"gpt":0.7066783022504856,"spread":0.233336199567986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.5607435,0.00009246705,0.0001655745,0.0003791333,0.00417152,0.0007712424,0.003460457,0.0002016476,0.00003099751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3326066,0.00008994372,0.00001086567,0.004061702,0.006253953,0.002687974,0.001673061,0.0004927358,0.00005138198],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003580355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005867388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006691021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002300398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9220738,0.07263732,0.0002902448,0.001193834,0.002823183,0.0009816027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9729744,0.02372992,0.0001018176,0.001275706,0.001470825,0.0004473931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01325202,0.0004487874,0.3263907,0.00002415547,0.00003615717,0.00002152222,0.1097236,0.000001876442,0.02080493,0.01782753,0.06095706,0.4505116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002104151,0.00003869509,0.9278252,0.000007042674,0.0000046585,0.000001012158,0.02766011,0.0005961686,0.0001001955,0.002986941,0.04041042,0.0001591999],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651804,0.0004487174,0.002678841,0.01881073,0.000647978,0.0005891546,0.0002184171,0.0001053307,0.01132042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973475,0.0001302154,0.00132453,0.00005817245,0.0003774303,0.00000929588,0.0001131973,0.000009370459,0.0006302282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6014345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2924677861","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.011","title":"Relative deprivation in context: How contextual status homogeneity shapes the relationship between disadvantaged social status and health","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Relative deprivation; Disadvantaged; Socioeconomic status; Ethnic group; Moderation; Health equity; Psychology; Social capital; Social environment; Social psychology; Social determinants of health; Socioeconomics; Public health; Sociology; Demography; Medicine; Economics; Population; Economic growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2375022890357525,"gpt":0.505707944053054,"spread":0.2682056550173015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01704612,0.0001218625,0.0002949694,0.0002595405,0.00812103,0.0004834987,0.0004811275,0.0001542485,0.00004598894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004663448,0.00009966567,0.00005368229,0.002364932,0.003903182,0.001132144,0.0002342498,0.0009641566,0.00002540532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001771445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00378579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03641662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04411957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931273,0.002067267,0.0003212223,0.0004743035,0.001993015,0.002016844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995361,0.003639161,0.0001481569,0.0001187482,0.0003234286,0.0004095339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009102987,0.00001138047,0.6430263,0.00001685838,0.000002090252,2.728356e-7,0.06287111,8.971946e-8,0.000003169421,0.2836809,0.0001121468,0.0102666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003592004,0.00004066526,0.8538876,0.00002023061,0.000001391407,4.923621e-8,0.127753,0.000007268633,0.000001719604,0.01284708,0.004983671,0.0000981886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9171757,0.0003103362,0.00002656652,0.07546143,0.0001237263,0.001141516,0.0000397767,0.00002958093,0.005691336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983315,0.0001729257,0.00002163806,0.0004920166,0.0003140291,0.00003640007,0.000007411944,0.00001002567,0.0006140812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2708338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087191066","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.11.002","title":"Latent Class Models in action: Bridging social capital &amp; Internet usage","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Social capital; The Internet; Latent class model; Latent variable; Social class; Econometrics; Sociology; Economics; Computer science; Social science; Statistics; Mathematics; World Wide Web; Computer security; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.232423923690546,"gpt":0.4667798908875521,"spread":0.2343559671970061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008739589,0.0001314349,0.0002156615,0.0002630769,0.00413327,0.0006223188,0.001037614,0.000218632,0.0001575898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000642281,0.0001269148,0.0001142017,0.002946242,0.003949038,0.001092648,0.0003240526,0.0007568059,0.0001703757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001433449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006833028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01529158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02533705,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943038,0.0008687861,0.0002524799,0.0005216677,0.002601604,0.001451662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989151,0.0001589466,0.00006985453,0.0001086687,0.0005032056,0.000244256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002306119,0.00009676328,0.002487689,0.00001099823,0.000006227227,0.000003325707,0.2046953,0.00002073931,0.001427914,0.7191128,0.001731296,0.07038393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001860883,0.0002025572,0.1572916,0.0001132304,0.00002101332,0.000003751636,0.2095266,0.01886289,0.0002466998,0.4895856,0.1204149,0.001870278],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8436896,0.00001405045,0.0002353828,0.005617626,0.0004439585,0.0002694953,0.000003569414,0.00007808544,0.1496483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910831,0.00003395019,0.00004526335,0.0001053135,0.001596527,0.00003208813,0.000004105465,0.00001116492,0.007088445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2295272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886240659","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.08.001","title":"Kin support and child health: Investigating two approaches in an African slum","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Comic Relief; Wellcome Trust; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Rockefeller Foundation","keywords":"Slum; Perspective (graphical); Incentive; Social support; Child support; Social capital; Psychology; Sociology; Developmental psychology; Economic growth; Social psychology; Political science; Social science; Population; Economics; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4318031431666749,"gpt":0.5066972086119578,"spread":0.07489406544528288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01689743,0.00009270383,0.0001660468,0.0005487869,0.005678505,0.0005189864,0.0008037507,0.00007043458,0.00006745812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004711418,0.00008606008,0.00002474821,0.004738655,0.01313697,0.0007024854,0.0002448978,0.0004375104,0.00001096538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001785927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001573475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08766303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951785,0.0009839763,0.0002165311,0.0005913986,0.001702253,0.001327364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989254,0.0001057503,0.00006364605,0.0001488677,0.0002043646,0.0005520126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006287262,0.00008592573,0.1084833,0.00001070362,0.000002660553,0.000001633,0.3210721,1.304005e-7,0.000078335,0.2193291,0.0001846987,0.3507452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004750964,0.0006167979,0.6262094,0.00005038108,0.00000205468,0.000001610371,0.2821823,0.0001968247,0.0000825654,0.07389022,0.01591059,0.000382136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6312833,0.00006945563,0.0000046149,0.01674865,0.0001201804,0.0002793561,0.000004319516,0.00004928976,0.3514408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987283,0.00002768192,0.000311592,0.0001555979,0.0005791269,0.00002323355,0.000001549251,0.000006035622,0.0001668871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5177261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200000142","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102693","title":"An experimental test of Situational Action Theory of crime causation: Investigating the perception-choice process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Montreal Clinical Research Institute","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Situational ethics; Social psychology; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Sanctions; Action (physics); Vignette; Morality; Perception; Causation; Action theory (sociology); Deterrence (psychology); Criminology; Political science; Law; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3470247063551838,"gpt":0.5753683234000002,"spread":0.2283436170448164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005457505,0.00004472854,0.00007588643,0.00009763685,0.00260069,0.0001334141,0.0004407319,0.00004478991,0.001790217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002664844,0.00003805548,0.00005597881,0.001490723,0.00386026,0.0006228854,0.00007207771,0.0001793902,0.000007656034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001971947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001524964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005387504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970466,0.0006460436,0.0001993554,0.0002070841,0.001627837,0.0002731032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976799,0.0005311861,0.00009087625,0.0001225171,0.00149299,0.00008246689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003716639,0.0003533725,0.02392419,0.00002123616,0.000004714889,2.720837e-7,0.1092808,0.00000473811,0.7784617,0.08158035,0.0001827101,0.00618228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001204656,0.0001121607,0.3237875,0.00004373767,0.00000597459,6.720592e-7,0.5279297,0.0001538607,0.1342077,0.01332858,0.0002227249,0.0000869149],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.972559,0.00003287466,0.000086571,0.001076364,0.00008995493,0.0001494411,0.000008984954,0.00001045185,0.0259863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991509,0.000005063781,0.00006366179,0.00002417866,0.0003415993,0.0000226524,0.000004668214,0.000003579188,0.0003836898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.644254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094013348","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.003","title":"Threat, prejudice and the impact of the riots in England","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Prejudice (legal term); Criminology; Psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05323527361796536,"gpt":0.4663120846129321,"spread":0.4130768109949667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01583306,0.00004305395,0.00009158572,0.00008901848,0.002070033,0.0001543021,0.000552876,0.00005386559,0.00003728152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003683209,0.00002044345,0.00004842009,0.001660736,0.006037258,0.0002685128,0.00008891761,0.0002295953,0.000003003244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001794763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007597994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03602837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03597639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970361,0.00122917,0.0001212063,0.0001535365,0.001103532,0.000356461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989161,0.0005313266,0.00004759452,0.0001241029,0.0003258954,0.00005493188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005647121,0.00004378179,0.1034508,0.0000048345,0.000004330561,7.278567e-8,0.2983806,0.000005444991,0.00147339,0.5639684,0.0005997097,0.03201211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007994765,0.00008401377,0.8745531,0.00002321225,0.000002580681,2.849797e-7,0.008941931,0.00099155,0.0003286648,0.1068002,0.007393905,0.00008109432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9107971,0.00006067407,0.00001136621,0.00183665,0.00005506966,0.0003084823,0.000001156058,0.000004640226,0.08692487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991457,0.0001104719,0.000005376083,0.00001378477,0.0002122622,0.00001198883,1.602441e-7,0.000001889928,0.0004983281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7711023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983468894","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.02.001","title":"Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Social psychology; Applied psychology; Demographic economics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3875233585028499,"gpt":0.4984461862189982,"spread":0.1109228277161483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009839257,0.00005581439,0.0001148744,0.00008329328,0.002605201,0.00007614442,0.0007726859,0.0001332131,0.0001523524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009102401,0.00004143755,0.00003448245,0.001429155,0.003307736,0.0004445206,0.0004351402,0.0004373906,0.00006282741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001238097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002876529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005891175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009575576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966695,0.0005522802,0.0001154496,0.0002330201,0.001736412,0.0006933009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983791,0.0009629842,0.00004695979,0.000145268,0.0002619106,0.0002038123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005045483,0.00005853847,0.4722062,0.00002120871,0.00001474229,6.778773e-7,0.2348839,3.033006e-8,0.006776261,0.04461028,0.01655343,0.2248242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002461963,0.00005349481,0.8174292,0.00002358952,0.00001345932,1.512259e-7,0.04219662,0.00001279346,0.002706234,0.08346464,0.05368019,0.0001734045],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766207,0.0003237967,0.0000603543,0.002408231,0.0002203577,0.0002544624,0.000006740502,0.000009682929,0.02009562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986169,0.0003996225,0.0001154592,0.000265731,0.0004587102,0.00000367515,3.644408e-7,0.000002772757,0.0001367385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.345223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W795444582","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.024","title":"Does it get better? A quasi-cohort analysis of sexual minority wage gaps","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Lesbian; Wage; Economics; Demographic economics; Census; Labour economics; Survey of Income and Program Participation; American Community Survey; Psychology; Demography; Sociology; Gender studies; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1882318034682428,"gpt":0.5425836360672317,"spread":0.3543518325989888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01115686,0.0001031428,0.0003311264,0.001103827,0.0008205315,0.0001246896,0.001029193,0.0001587237,0.0005752189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006818674,0.00007516547,0.00009071221,0.006195518,0.00257409,0.0002418033,0.0002744484,0.0004700885,0.0002991378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003624496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001055268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09087121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008529559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950156,0.0007931614,0.0003272907,0.000566003,0.002161118,0.0011368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979674,0.0002150888,0.00008904329,0.000484356,0.0007945207,0.0004495449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003314446,0.0002562047,0.9505653,0.00005736061,0.0001250363,0.00001045808,0.01171274,2.097732e-7,0.0003569991,0.006155102,0.02210642,0.008620995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002569685,0.0001948948,0.9894302,0.00000134329,0.0001388027,6.013549e-7,0.004273674,0.00003083274,0.00002347472,0.002676795,0.002846911,0.0001255354],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8590398,0.00005462749,0.000009518767,0.004934066,0.0004295204,0.0002161136,0.00004904437,0.00001993919,0.1352473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882385,0.00002107285,0.00003101227,0.0001598084,0.0008376628,0.00002746093,0.000007538879,0.000006701552,0.01067026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1291986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9484344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525956828","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.011","title":"Foreign aid allocation from a network perspective: The effect of global ties","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Centrality; Perspective (graphical); Treaty; Panel data; Sample (material); Developing country; Global network; Negative binomial distribution; Economics; Political science; Economic growth; Law; Econometrics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04550105809332698,"gpt":0.4495636934710688,"spread":0.4040626353777418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007439811,0.00005125932,0.00008037007,0.00003663767,0.002166391,0.0001112598,0.0008383135,0.0000500885,0.0001996145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001621529,0.00002736852,0.00004690927,0.00134879,0.003920739,0.0003160076,0.0001515013,0.00009157328,0.00006699427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009520917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008348943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005293018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001008142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966722,0.0005552642,0.0001018902,0.0002014169,0.001975828,0.0004934451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984298,0.0007070928,0.00004512445,0.00007970543,0.0006764609,0.00006183164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003405943,0.000005365145,0.03423189,7.653348e-7,0.000007297787,3.329458e-7,0.004144398,2.919858e-7,0.0005506378,0.9502337,0.001783862,0.009007419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004718067,0.0001761793,0.2330966,0.00006459588,0.000006102755,1.602556e-7,0.01738293,0.00001579293,0.002429711,0.7357216,0.01047946,0.000155027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.451168,0.00008753567,0.0001231429,0.0163637,0.0002913091,0.000351938,0.000009370741,0.00002341119,0.5315816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981891,0.00002896138,0.00003795519,0.00001868079,0.0007730931,0.0000219739,4.200321e-7,0.000002223493,0.0009276127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5470211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068360008","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.01.004","title":"Legislative responses to wrongful conviction: Do partisan principals and advocacy efforts influence state-level criminal justice policy?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Conviction; Criminal justice; Legislature; Political science; Innocence; Law; Context (archaeology); State (computer science); Politics; Criminal procedure; Economic Justice; Criminology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2333390057139173,"gpt":0.515368315628781,"spread":0.2820293099148637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0106032,0.0001511314,0.0002289869,0.000907772,0.005193335,0.0009056837,0.0006935297,0.00009368528,0.00005161297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01223266,0.0001482429,0.00005221839,0.007100318,0.004407333,0.001052415,0.0004317487,0.0004002698,0.0001291884],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00103718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007057745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06006613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01085363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993977,0.0008662097,0.000297549,0.0006474472,0.002921133,0.001290621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950006,0.0006464738,0.00008429713,0.0002463287,0.002961693,0.001060593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004025263,0.000142308,0.009295471,0.00004549589,0.00002193846,0.00003906556,0.840648,0.0001012404,0.001019076,0.04984801,0.001003303,0.09743357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002605523,0.0003600136,0.04010283,0.00004198754,0.0001194443,0.000006638606,0.9165701,0.00006618772,0.0002792051,0.002087316,0.03977844,0.0003272892],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615861,0.00007521061,0.0002607053,0.002804426,0.0002049641,0.0003928809,0.0000128722,0.00005273723,0.03461016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955012,0.0001194646,0.0002215648,0.0001997941,0.0006622987,0.0000708985,7.963795e-7,0.000009914456,0.003214066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09710628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515085759","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.08.014","title":"Boundary crossing in first marriage and remarriage","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Remarriage; Ethnic group; Demography; Polygyny; Sorting; White (mutation); Boundary (topology); Psychology; Gender studies; Sociology; Social psychology; Demographic economics; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.110100223022151,"gpt":0.4540799609995035,"spread":0.3439797379773525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01273371,0.00005775455,0.00009222388,0.0003363717,0.00940106,0.0008570747,0.0004389723,0.0001149319,0.0000754121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002226762,0.00004237114,0.00002442324,0.002083615,0.01217582,0.0006155644,0.0002187299,0.0002664184,0.00003550681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006252289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001488276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00236664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007930645,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970362,0.0003647374,0.0001464388,0.0003350785,0.001266903,0.0008506195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988561,0.0006164471,0.00002853681,0.0001092605,0.0002009679,0.0001887305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002375872,0.00006454891,0.1600504,0.00001594199,0.000003135714,0.00002565825,0.0718225,4.876227e-7,0.006789052,0.6766853,0.0008818229,0.08363739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005815473,0.00003857853,0.762278,0.0001300879,0.000001513253,8.977772e-7,0.01856971,0.0001128861,0.00003304995,0.1389077,0.07909143,0.0002545666],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8261778,0.0001103652,0.00003808173,0.01230614,0.0002110994,0.0002226508,0.000003846826,0.00002508564,0.1609049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960287,0.000152826,0.00008547298,0.00002401999,0.0002178258,0.00001089424,1.775908e-7,0.000005611442,0.003474476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6022276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9918886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281776108","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102750","title":"Socioeconomic stratification and trajectories of social trust during COVID-19","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Toronto; York University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Toronto","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Solidarity; Social trust; Context (archaeology); Social stratification; Social psychology; Pandemic; Argument (complex analysis); Demographic economics; Sociology; Psychology; Political science; Geography; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Demography; Politics; Economics; Social capital; Social science; Population; Law; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1363159685824327,"gpt":0.4974078621337477,"spread":0.3610918935513149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009399093,0.00005901375,0.0001530271,0.000213457,0.01951547,0.0001660117,0.0005366,0.00005548606,0.000997801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007665207,0.00006705604,0.00004616953,0.0009961558,0.004603113,0.0003186154,0.0002328068,0.000341746,0.000004525542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001583683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004654452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01054961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001318584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966269,0.0006799467,0.0002284308,0.0002995712,0.001375643,0.0007894911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990897,0.0003036059,0.00008735221,0.00007784509,0.0001558186,0.0002856404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003583006,0.00004829451,0.05330504,0.0001111674,0.000004704687,0.000001577908,0.1941931,0.000002276728,0.0009093851,0.7478423,0.000938519,0.002607731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003447111,0.00004329007,0.5394837,0.00000165082,0.00000314573,6.988505e-7,0.4178169,0.00001423366,0.0001486575,0.01714422,0.0248458,0.0001529886],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576261,0.00006414271,0.000002804138,0.02315611,0.0001779162,0.000305671,0.00003140877,0.00002771854,0.01860813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984434,0.00004874785,0.00001385602,0.0001748379,0.0002966022,0.00006393324,0.000001903746,0.000005310457,0.0009514634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7306981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072871805","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.09.003","title":"Measuring active living in Canada: A time-use perspective","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Physical activity; Environmental health; Gerontology; Perspective (graphical); Public health; Population; Medicine; Quality of life (healthcare); Psychology; Demography; Physical therapy; Computer science; Nursing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1211978493632303,"gpt":0.4138964109656807,"spread":0.2926985616024504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007472943,0.00007769336,0.0001363894,0.0002473561,0.00286812,0.0002970336,0.000948639,0.0000769668,0.0004879168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004328989,0.00007736251,0.00003733092,0.003268817,0.002922803,0.001258671,0.0001301902,0.001013224,0.00002403857],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004012618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01956115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9915322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9978266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954238,0.000318549,0.0001450026,0.0004733242,0.002485051,0.001154251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980437,0.0005718418,0.00003688615,0.0001531496,0.0009237489,0.0002706703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002095328,0.00009690689,0.8739325,0.000004333514,0.000004449847,0.00002046414,0.0854626,4.927948e-7,0.009792018,0.02023657,0.0001689428,0.01025979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005695845,0.000005817508,0.9572966,0.00001164455,0.000001053785,6.022992e-8,0.03905378,0.00002813465,0.0004361019,0.002426839,0.0005688982,0.0001140942],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8864467,0.000008327755,0.000001009823,0.001148055,0.0001714382,0.0002510427,0.000004474467,0.00002048883,0.1119484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998968,0.000003534389,0.00002781548,0.00001958961,0.0002886455,0.00001605934,1.998965e-7,0.000005834696,0.0006702965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1125213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913155161","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.005","title":"Trajectories through postsecondary education and students’ life course transitions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Higher Education Research Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Life course approach; Career Pathways; Educational attainment; Spouse; Socioeconomic status; Normative; Psychology; Postsecondary education; National Longitudinal Surveys; Perspective (graphical); Longitudinal study; Dual enrollment; Developmental psychology; Higher education; Medical education; Mathematics education; Sociology; Demographic economics; Demography; Medicine; Political science; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07277343431864465,"gpt":0.5411583154439185,"spread":0.4683848811252738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006191501,0.00009107587,0.0001499252,0.0002198788,0.005591684,0.0006790872,0.0008292692,0.00008174735,0.0009195243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009481446,0.00008928908,0.00004029228,0.002795868,0.006122654,0.001106902,0.0001733105,0.000430581,0.0002270365],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003818464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009424062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003231839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006234503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945704,0.0006221723,0.0001625893,0.0004454044,0.003262002,0.0009374396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997788,0.0003537021,0.00003505001,0.0001726563,0.0012932,0.0003574331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001905699,0.0007403614,0.1184256,0.0000438001,0.00003430548,9.77773e-7,0.4568388,1.997982e-7,0.001552561,0.396734,0.01512916,0.01048122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002249876,0.00008915628,0.5111183,0.00002300368,0.000007346402,4.401417e-7,0.3796308,0.000001000395,0.00006574794,0.009555861,0.09909715,0.0001862794],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8083686,0.0006242119,0.000003145103,0.02513046,0.0005799599,0.0007328643,0.00000973936,0.00004638426,0.1645047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911611,0.0003122018,0.00008936802,0.0002333199,0.0005606177,0.0001020969,0.000002619915,0.000008347834,0.007530311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3926926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011837167","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102417","title":"Labor market influences on Women's fertility decisions: Longitudinal evidence from Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Fertility; Unemployment; Context (archaeology); Demographic economics; National Longitudinal Surveys; Economics; Psychology; Perception; Demography; Population; Sociology; Economic growth; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.22641772188506,"gpt":0.4486274224276519,"spread":0.2222097005425918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007767662,0.0001090736,0.0001716641,0.0001172713,0.006009657,0.0004848283,0.001551938,0.0001106574,0.0006160613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02268587,0.00009492537,0.0000415737,0.004437337,0.003285524,0.0005688543,0.0002957614,0.0006947838,0.00006785218],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001841253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009948908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6269481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.472989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926214,0.0009104323,0.0002426465,0.0006480425,0.004456314,0.001121211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948511,0.003339284,0.00006103413,0.0002022402,0.0008153333,0.0007309926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004225628,0.0001329055,0.8227301,0.00001575598,0.00002936893,0.00006461435,0.09250155,0.00005614608,0.00124129,0.03434341,0.01798683,0.03047547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008289233,0.00005833114,0.9600928,0.00004701023,0.000001845395,2.759816e-8,0.02548265,0.0003981433,0.00001784227,0.007499475,0.006178069,0.0001408957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9514914,0.0001377404,0.00001067905,0.02649594,0.0002661305,0.0002679771,0.00004255256,0.00003379628,0.02125383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984543,0.0001762589,0.00007930071,0.000573361,0.0003298376,0.00003300101,9.831518e-7,0.000005996892,0.0003470051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1539591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075521219","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.01.013","title":"Does relative out-group size in neighborhoods drive down associational life of Whites in the U.S.? Testing constrict, conflict and contact theories","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Social psychology; Voluntary association; Bridging (networking); Psychology; Citizenship; Test (biology); Contact hypothesis; Perception; Demography; Sociology; Political science; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1297303654192046,"gpt":0.4303005684622773,"spread":0.3005702030430727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02053283,0.00009258319,0.0002141666,0.000219036,0.001089344,0.0002501416,0.000588662,0.0001108358,0.00002157829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03538381,0.00005788435,0.00003055521,0.002907042,0.003811765,0.000698816,0.0001687344,0.0005341201,0.000002801351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004660201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001925895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01005526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005311226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954491,0.001299784,0.0002790596,0.0002996258,0.001969975,0.0007024264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919444,0.00695912,0.0001190486,0.00009011038,0.0007234862,0.0001638785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001329938,0.00003664616,0.6280234,0.00000367151,0.000003287256,0.000002922839,0.1248696,2.749657e-7,0.0006019754,0.2459407,0.00002616947,0.0004780429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004580243,0.000107431,0.7793921,0.00003630363,0.000002529164,2.671637e-7,0.1753329,0.00004109177,0.00005446025,0.04409992,0.0003631418,0.0001117884],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8856791,0.0001403591,0.00001485508,0.002596423,0.0001693293,0.0004963994,0.0000150218,0.00001704414,0.1108714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999457,0.00003309826,0.00009761676,0.00005214127,0.0002257673,0.00002888514,6.602985e-7,0.000004612235,0.0001001874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2018408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939255016","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.016","title":"Is childhood migration a mental health risk? Exploring health behaviors and psychosocial resources as pathways using the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychosocial; Mental health; Acculturation; Stressor; Psychology; Distress; Immigration; Cross-sectional study; Psychological distress; Gerontology; Clinical psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3065709026381517,"gpt":0.5187653269327889,"spread":0.2121944242946372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02999389,0.0001618518,0.0002615921,0.0004550229,0.01954163,0.0004322791,0.0006078579,0.0001161592,0.0002301967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001614805,0.0001446374,0.00006158038,0.00188221,0.001161352,0.0003731132,0.0001071935,0.001576444,0.00006211213],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002003306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007504888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9645597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9224561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906516,0.005076837,0.0005302757,0.0005733566,0.001441235,0.001726712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977378,0.0002885037,0.0002915497,0.0003846879,0.0003151693,0.0009822453],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003607742,0.0001045058,0.7135878,0.00001436875,0.000006306675,1.440277e-7,0.2785932,5.963026e-7,0.000008018904,0.001004617,0.001399742,0.005244544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004158666,0.0004563513,0.9606807,0.00001837019,5.476385e-7,0.000006644303,0.03680004,0.00002039736,0.000002521597,0.0004141827,0.001079382,0.0001050341],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989593,0.0004344743,0.000004392768,0.006693248,0.0007729214,0.001287726,0.0005398826,0.00002882628,0.0006455196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977897,0.0002837277,0.00002575583,0.001380286,0.0002977481,0.00005194413,0.00006858275,0.00001957141,0.00008263453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2470928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921610202","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.005","title":"Party identification, local context, and Australian attitudes toward immigration and asylum policy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Melbourne; La Trobe University; Mount Saint Vincent University","keywords":"Immigration; Context (archaeology); Identification (biology); Criminology; Political science; Immigration policy; Demographic economics; Sociology; Psychology; Geography; Law; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07516982911066754,"gpt":0.4596402084309178,"spread":0.3844703793202502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005398562,0.00008280589,0.0001196621,0.0002905854,0.002390897,0.0007383023,0.000302091,0.0001187139,0.0001317468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006375483,0.00007498123,0.00002764417,0.001420295,0.003691402,0.001183788,0.00007027275,0.0002198572,0.00008804279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003747496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001122206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01969888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02059645,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971556,0.0003601502,0.0002109074,0.0004114689,0.001314235,0.0005476581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987599,0.0001002158,0.00006406056,0.0001211188,0.0007424669,0.0002122599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001614415,0.00004769109,0.06520767,0.00002774785,0.000005999691,3.870551e-7,0.08828227,4.415833e-7,0.01102309,0.7623202,0.003044441,0.07002394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004051823,0.0001764255,0.7284636,0.00003801016,0.00000691685,0.000001515635,0.12239,0.0002938353,0.00337181,0.02511659,0.1193869,0.000349152],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779007,0.0001048474,0.0002046153,0.0101777,0.0001512258,0.0005188472,0.000006459607,0.00003684637,0.01089876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921116,0.0003341074,0.00002264449,0.00006631087,0.0003682281,0.00002289517,0.000005680626,0.000005022229,0.007063474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7372036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790092284","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.02.004","title":"An expanded model of the moral self: Beyond care and justice","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Cultural Differences and Values","field":"Psychology","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Morality; Loyalty; Economic Justice; Identity (music); Social cognitive theory of morality; Moral disengagement; Moral psychology; Social psychology; Sociology; Scope (computer science); Social identity theory; Environmental ethics; Psychology; Epistemology; Criminology; Political science; Social group; Law; Aesthetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3299026147532841,"gpt":0.5470563582825333,"spread":0.2171537435292492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009278666,0.00004683092,0.00007026304,0.00004644321,0.001189821,0.00006424807,0.0004979619,0.00005278248,0.00006850578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006626524,0.00002770793,0.00002277207,0.0006096142,0.002565406,0.000166313,0.0001686629,0.0001519815,0.000009813974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004314776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001340449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003507743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006390613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998512,0.0001663785,0.00007359884,0.0002067107,0.0006172666,0.0004240517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992469,0.00003403916,0.0000224748,0.0001653676,0.0004367262,0.00009447667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006159307,0.0001715489,0.03406857,0.00004664109,0.00001194786,4.390933e-7,0.5302557,0.00000130703,0.05506221,0.3321202,0.002288924,0.0459109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005749742,0.0008608182,0.6711143,0.00001739374,0.00003403104,0.000002932921,0.2909666,0.003714477,0.005259439,0.02682032,0.0003819614,0.0002527327],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.937973,0.00006341928,0.000006402154,0.000168954,0.0001927867,0.0001224861,0.000007937065,0.00001053104,0.06145452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990615,0.000006317576,0.0001659004,0.00003329243,0.000293456,0.000007141272,3.665334e-7,0.000002909021,0.0004291372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6370458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9452347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897489171","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.10.011","title":"What do government unions do? Public sector unions and nonunion wages, 1977–2015","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Public sector; Private sector; Leverage (statistics); Labour economics; Wage; Government (linguistics); Current Population Survey; Business; Educational attainment; Demographic economics; Economics; Population; Economic growth; Medicine; Economy; Environmental health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1060646942179079,"gpt":0.4444439071022697,"spread":0.3383792128843617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01035561,0.0001364643,0.0001572177,0.000256509,0.0113516,0.002908638,0.001112635,0.0001470297,0.0009281921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001097065,0.0001195622,0.00005088159,0.004378003,0.009108222,0.002275286,0.0007329414,0.0004268044,0.00003554103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001139295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001607181,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004490346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01298433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9927946,0.0007714066,0.0002085717,0.000612025,0.004080027,0.001533401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975458,0.0002530168,0.00006905641,0.0003299541,0.00110582,0.0006963672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000545866,0.0001300434,0.002410886,0.000002399613,0.000009489718,0.000002324516,0.01907322,3.939836e-8,0.001549215,0.9270123,0.008096156,0.04170846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002724477,0.0001502901,0.04953742,0.00003523312,0.00000497899,4.794204e-7,0.08278254,0.00001246258,0.0001641036,0.01232761,0.8544899,0.0002225174],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6862601,0.0006343512,0.00005185225,0.08788292,0.00222486,0.001050506,0.00008187284,0.0001345786,0.221679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915986,0.001681101,0.00006336472,0.0003237781,0.001221872,0.00003500118,0.000003006798,0.0000134614,0.005059805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9146847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2222031635","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.12.007","title":"Does counterterrorist legislation hurt human rights practices? A longitudinal cross-national analysis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Research","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"U.S. Department of State","keywords":"Legislation; Human rights; Law; Compromise; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2173973012687826,"gpt":0.5714263786967206,"spread":0.354029077427938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01042783,0.0000950294,0.0001614404,0.0003838915,0.008012399,0.0008672827,0.0009721605,0.000113075,0.0007340922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003386467,0.0000531956,0.0001192007,0.003494615,0.007562933,0.002067063,0.0001526211,0.0002382433,0.0001571147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00125144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001101358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02372218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02483537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9927807,0.0004217509,0.0002379577,0.0005368955,0.004900343,0.001122285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966682,0.0006066935,0.0002342497,0.0001669789,0.002025779,0.0002981046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001599561,0.00006573401,0.1383435,0.000002255873,0.00003508554,0.00000393182,0.00387587,1.260635e-7,0.001448099,0.8549853,0.0004720869,0.000751986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002480184,0.00003612092,0.7165504,0.00001258923,0.00002392455,1.808043e-7,0.0005217643,0.00002687471,0.0002983041,0.07469346,0.2073943,0.000194141],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5354735,0.000008496717,0.0002170625,0.01174788,0.0002687621,0.0002289102,0.00004360886,0.00005839979,0.4519534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782735,0.00000537152,0.00001904236,0.00004105658,0.001184948,0.00002374369,0.000001788557,0.000004131923,0.02044649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7802919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}