{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":50,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":50,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"832326ba1bc8","filters":{"venue":"Solar Physics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2081707888","doi":"10.1007/s11207-010-9662-9","title":"The Sunrise Mission","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Payload (computing); Sunrise; Instrumentation (computer programming); Physics; Scientific instrument; Remote sensing; Telescope; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Astronomy; Computer science; Engineering; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01037664087060057,"gpt":0.2418439976296866,"spread":0.231467356759086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008583265,0.00009215123,0.00007050347,0.000004299093,0.0004368659,0.0000752144,0.000110179,0.00002025821,0.00003345535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004191545,0.00006142113,0.00007427241,0.00005146438,0.00006608236,0.000070381,0.00004801291,0.0002784159,0.00008544663],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003297975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002764718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003391377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002782222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999494,0.00001339442,0.00008446904,0.0001169231,0.00009931168,0.0001918652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995254,0.00005491517,0.00005145736,0.0002561319,0.00005392409,0.00005822441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001134018,0.0001074339,0.01420275,0.000002040731,0.00006280185,0.000001250224,0.0002833487,0.00004917049,0.04527443,0.7579999,0.002787865,0.1792177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007376118,0.00005740282,0.004391552,0.00001998868,0.00006385773,0.000001257165,0.001116537,0.01875142,0.03975093,0.4529064,0.4815423,0.0006607077],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8070152,0.00004194039,0.0645919,0.0006238889,0.001620065,0.0002710027,0.00002312198,0.00006534589,0.1257475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965738,0.000001234894,0.0009865222,0.0000241287,0.001034252,9.428342e-7,0.000009173506,0.00001635054,0.001353585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4787545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3360064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765088419","doi":"10.1007/s11207-017-1194-0","title":"The Effect of “Rogue” Active Regions on the Solar Cycle","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamo; Solar cycle; Amplitude; Solar dynamo; Solar rotation; Sunspot; Equator","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007925180580377321,"gpt":0.2461275215244559,"spread":0.2382023409440785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002511849,0.0001786686,0.0001958231,0.000007773353,0.00141691,0.0001640571,0.0006299959,0.00003770543,0.000009488884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006095748,0.0000970688,0.0002264077,0.00005928509,0.0002547215,0.0001460119,0.0001279007,0.0003719001,0.00007169181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001504406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000360853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001438523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001493717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991192,0.0001259,0.0001156845,0.0001758995,0.0001971413,0.0002661699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978938,0.0006532117,0.0002437129,0.001103614,0.00006021403,0.00004548497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003996972,0.0002835089,0.07727078,0.00003300387,0.001269892,0.000003374999,0.00312474,0.001093004,0.002471061,0.7463199,0.004363908,0.1633672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00514079,0.002133848,0.04895038,0.0003563869,0.0008885826,0.000002758513,0.004591587,0.07261363,0.4427243,0.3852151,0.03551158,0.001871001],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703476,0.00001638493,0.00402073,0.001178459,0.0004101319,0.0004470054,0.0001096711,0.00002504815,0.02344496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992355,0.000005422217,0.00001708228,0.0000184384,0.0003331011,0.00003246944,0.00001364568,0.00002438367,0.0003199874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4402533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078921813","doi":"10.1007/s11207-007-9047-x","title":"Solar Magnetic Activity and Total Irradiance Since the Maunder Minimum","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Université de Montréal; Natural Resources Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Sunspot; Solar irradiance; Irradiance; Photosphere; Solar minimum; Magnetic flux; Astrophysics; Flux (metallurgy); Solar maximum; Solar cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Magnetic field; Optics; Solar wind","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007090751061929407,"gpt":0.2221884499815811,"spread":0.2150976989196517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002115978,0.0002113974,0.0001801715,0.00001676853,0.0003104231,0.0001096847,0.0001586938,0.00005362894,0.00002550491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005292628,0.000174003,0.0001030776,0.0001647675,0.0001345427,0.0002224991,0.0000866392,0.0003648496,0.0000487647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000223545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004624073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001389501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003435541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989452,0.0000403558,0.0001250859,0.0002790435,0.0001814639,0.0004288568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992557,0.0001680992,0.0000742787,0.0003508996,0.00003936939,0.0001116413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002843948,0.001326355,0.2510685,0.0001187713,0.0005000407,0.0000285076,0.006357005,0.0009330604,0.06049947,0.1545588,0.001647393,0.5226777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004562436,0.0006765336,0.6244497,0.0001229621,0.0005190441,0.000039631,0.00542377,0.1968846,0.03465435,0.1162639,0.01303263,0.003370534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9213305,0.0001076396,0.07398014,0.0003573234,0.0002351336,0.0002023201,0.00004073843,0.00003367139,0.003712562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981862,0.000005303539,0.0005995446,0.00008329246,0.0004723402,0.00000634035,0.00001047297,0.00002908901,0.000607464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5193071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7095638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954110043","doi":"10.1007/s11207-019-1480-0","title":"A Dynamo-based Forecast of Solar Cycle 25","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Dynamo; Solar dynamo; Solar cycle; Solar physics; Dynamo theory; Meteorology; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Atmospheric sciences; Solar wind; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004850672019192563,"gpt":0.2083503075331085,"spread":0.2034996355139159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001081856,0.0002113355,0.0003219583,0.00003730773,0.00007030825,0.00003556499,0.0002320205,0.00005841694,0.0002109557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002974776,0.0002108859,0.0002726947,0.0002164902,0.00005124001,0.0001796717,0.00005980979,0.000237611,0.0001832501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002251744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001055107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008635041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007276793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989203,0.00003686185,0.0002150198,0.0002643948,0.0002302288,0.0003332581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991101,0.00007299738,0.0001553211,0.0004860359,0.00009397275,0.00008155957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009469485,0.001098302,0.6987197,0.0001961911,0.0003905729,0.000002561207,0.0008212145,0.02220078,0.01177607,0.2348872,0.0003669276,0.0294458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003203678,0.0003229968,0.008559487,0.00008730333,0.000155107,7.852497e-7,0.0008124788,0.8939019,0.03461678,0.05394734,0.003437512,0.0009546661],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.908199,0.00001206654,0.07810669,0.00007495687,0.0002860621,0.0002897494,0.0001834802,0.00004461581,0.01280337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976212,4.152617e-7,0.001678023,0.00003908766,0.0001393708,0.00001084972,0.0001406578,0.00004340063,0.0003269314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8717011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8599676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060115072","doi":"10.1007/s11207-011-9748-z","title":"Solar Cycle Effects on the Dynamics of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s Magnetospheres","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Canadian Space Agency; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Physics; Magnetosphere of Saturn; Jupiter (rocket family); Saturn; Solar cycle; Magnetopause; Solar wind; Magnetosphere of Jupiter; Magnetosphere; Astronomy; Planet; Astrobiology; Plasma; Spacecraft","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007531075655869897,"gpt":0.1794414747274972,"spread":0.1719103990716273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008881174,0.0001236249,0.0001286267,0.000007385217,0.0001048772,0.00001919371,0.0001860812,0.00002182001,0.000131135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002526708,0.00008506865,0.00005232316,0.00007915984,0.00009034561,0.0001165077,0.00004532257,0.0001595423,0.00003314888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004047744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001740067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002199413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001044966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993988,0.00004690765,0.000095968,0.0001573992,0.0001199558,0.0001809193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995087,0.0001068074,0.00007612549,0.0002413243,0.00001891809,0.00004817093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007050329,0.0002958168,0.3452142,0.00007594586,0.0001523072,0.000004498383,0.004089975,0.0001382359,0.002588594,0.3007551,0.0009199224,0.3456948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001561059,0.001742298,0.6283281,0.0002563208,0.0002402004,0.000003308797,0.002604662,0.06547052,0.08546868,0.2113961,0.001622559,0.001306235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.97632,0.00004003615,0.00651206,0.00005781783,0.0001301197,0.0001657429,0.00007239757,0.0000137179,0.01668814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999025,0.00000216291,0.0005959344,0.00006508155,0.0001307021,0.000003529653,0.00002389717,0.000008666514,0.0001450181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3443886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3468999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041422308","doi":"10.1007/s11207-008-9157-0","title":"Angular Momentum Transport in the Sun’s Radiative Zone by Gravito-Inertial Waves","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Physics; Angular momentum; Radiative transfer; Helioseismology; Rotation (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Radiation zone; Momentum (technical analysis); Gravitational wave; Acceleration; Computational physics; Astrophysics; Mechanics; Convection zone; Convection; Optics; Magnetic field; Quantum mechanics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00710088631440551,"gpt":0.2084261813605927,"spread":0.2013252950461872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001194196,0.0002253619,0.0002508333,0.00002620404,0.0002037996,0.00002320803,0.0002606687,0.0000477459,0.00003059598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000177754,0.0001803056,0.0001742683,0.0002707416,0.0001068063,0.0001965163,0.00001770971,0.0003513867,0.00003131033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002619182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000578159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005617032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000254924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988303,0.00008004806,0.0001982588,0.0002549088,0.000270875,0.0003655845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994869,0.00005422335,0.00007255718,0.0002943182,0.00003046035,0.00006158667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001517149,0.003312877,0.8664527,0.00004145976,0.000550472,0.0001119031,0.05060465,0.004356696,0.01312436,0.03817132,0.01471503,0.008406833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0264012,0.001757037,0.4047237,0.0002466874,0.001094955,0.00006242335,0.04348766,0.1959786,0.0982413,0.09912553,0.1197607,0.009120217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728271,0.00007690836,0.0243361,0.0002394883,0.0001643425,0.0002772515,0.0002255677,0.00002766584,0.001825524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984552,0.00001447142,0.0001680975,0.00008589739,0.0003879536,0.00003336617,0.0003898643,0.00002857136,0.0004365715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.461729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7352649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982546733","doi":"10.1007/s11207-012-0150-2","title":"Torsional Oscillations in a Global Solar Dynamo","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Tachocline; Dynamo; Solar dynamo; Meridional flow; Convection zone; Rotational symmetry; Angular momentum; Helioseismology; Magnetohydrodynamics; Mechanics; Convection; Magnetic field; Dynamo theory; Classical mechanics; Computational physics; Zonal and meridional; Atmospheric sciences","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008272068978254313,"gpt":0.2481629203043636,"spread":0.2398908513261093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001299531,0.0001708567,0.0001751978,0.00002202965,0.0001329072,0.00004128592,0.0001316386,0.00005300395,0.0001259615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006142713,0.000175368,0.0001319275,0.0003128804,0.00003827075,0.0004049544,0.00007547402,0.000210416,0.000239652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008798852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006938245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001944413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003397229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989579,0.00004454666,0.0001650247,0.0001730337,0.0001970941,0.0004624406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994977,0.00004154075,0.00005906641,0.0002252798,0.0000378892,0.0001385356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000599155,0.0002760204,0.8973683,0.000004028107,0.00003160277,4.211736e-7,0.0002995496,0.0005958282,0.00009059186,0.09581134,0.0003228305,0.005193551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00312971,0.0001034065,0.6609712,0.00008956755,0.0001662028,0.000007319658,0.002306052,0.1265021,0.000933831,0.1762764,0.02753369,0.00198049],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.904558,0.00006616653,0.06833386,0.0001287113,0.0007406598,0.000202059,0.000275029,0.00005647785,0.02563903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971845,0.000001127434,0.001734565,0.00004328342,0.0006792775,0.00001309262,0.0001375822,0.00001720455,0.0001894174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.236397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7151299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076574160","doi":"10.1007/s11207-008-9127-6","title":"Where Do Solar Filaments Form?: Consequences for Theoretical Models","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Solar prominence; Protein filament; Magnetic flux; Context (archaeology); Astrophysics; Flux (metallurgy); Polarity (international relations); Population; Magnetic field; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01672483096259898,"gpt":0.2437139563080278,"spread":0.2269891253454289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001131701,0.0002531439,0.0002935689,0.00002126444,0.0004077972,0.00007521782,0.0002516579,0.00007624165,0.0001115751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006365558,0.0002315617,0.0002683316,0.0001083211,0.0003828133,0.0003755834,0.00006245809,0.0002305555,0.00005479006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002627826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001291638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002916292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002272823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987249,0.00003701982,0.0002138655,0.0003264916,0.000229897,0.0004678022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999216,0.0001267828,0.00009359644,0.0003220903,0.0001163419,0.0001252573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004629839,0.0001705545,0.009822252,0.00003101075,0.0001646792,0.000003568229,0.001216653,0.001034882,0.0005918579,0.9812995,0.00190088,0.003717917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009559676,0.000110392,0.00004889991,0.0000377037,0.00006421226,0.000004541926,0.0005681278,0.1177671,0.003631569,0.8745727,0.001799561,0.0004392315],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2998906,0.0001457698,0.6857061,0.0002280994,0.0003326085,0.0006406801,0.0005269046,0.00009370498,0.01243549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935328,0.00003246503,0.005444953,0.00005835345,0.000380161,0.00007288899,0.0001010017,0.00004378808,0.0003335669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6936422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9442812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018353685","doi":"10.1007/s11207-011-9912-5","title":"The Solar Spectral Irradiance as a Function of the Mg ii Index for Atmosphere and Climate Modelling","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Irradiance; Solar irradiance; Spectral line; Physics; Spectral index; Calibration; Atmosphere (unit); Remote sensing; Wavelength; Standard deviation; Optics; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Statistics; Mathematics; Astronomy; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008649902627196752,"gpt":0.2129551495491923,"spread":0.2043052469219955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001811241,0.0001423205,0.0001420905,0.000002420522,0.0007126827,0.00004693239,0.0001362453,0.00004174519,0.000005147611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003566704,0.00009508945,0.000151172,0.00009691001,0.00007901253,0.0002250083,0.00007453122,0.0001988602,0.000004643822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001480125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003680577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005484245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001156563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991935,0.00002882907,0.0001401892,0.0001341728,0.0001219994,0.0003812946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994245,0.00008079939,0.0001270793,0.0002619705,0.00004774213,0.00005787238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002341557,0.0003339858,0.3637208,0.00008495376,0.0003879228,7.8088e-8,0.003120969,0.03696935,0.001348042,0.5550953,0.0003271657,0.03837726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001089913,0.000142249,0.01317914,0.00005289023,0.0002158368,0.000001154695,0.001723497,0.8648113,0.001990467,0.1081599,0.008218692,0.0004149036],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8571967,0.0002302451,0.1405034,0.0001019725,0.0003960152,0.0003146244,0.00005534788,0.00001489275,0.001186735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986514,0.00002312661,0.000583598,0.00002792649,0.0004947779,0.00002336868,0.00001038071,0.00002515561,0.0001602044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.827842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5481451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045030179","doi":"10.1007/s11207-012-9971-2","title":"An Exploration of Non-kinematic Effects in Flux Transport Dynamos","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","keywords":"Physics; Dynamo; Lorentz force; Solar dynamo; Differential rotation; Dynamo theory; Magnetohydrodynamics; Magnetic field; Convection; Mercury's magnetic field; Classical mechanics; Convection zone; Mechanics; Interplanetary magnetic field; Solar wind","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0104367909619753,"gpt":0.2545451427755165,"spread":0.2441083518135412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001419367,0.0001439541,0.0002399633,0.00003537842,0.00003600947,0.000009592063,0.000105691,0.00003984969,0.00002082882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001787379,0.0001436475,0.00008995759,0.0001701291,0.00002549024,0.001156776,0.000008961207,0.000143983,0.00003042903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001730147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002982787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006918888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001278439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992456,0.00004204807,0.0001938939,0.00012277,0.0001407817,0.0002549419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951,0.00004049086,0.00008817467,0.0002525454,0.00003088356,0.00007789778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003016076,0.001864274,0.9066173,0.0002997184,0.00009276918,0.000001399957,0.009987768,0.008229935,0.02137159,0.03717356,0.00002800948,0.01430353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004466465,0.0005296169,0.3511785,0.0003786525,0.0003533998,9.411539e-7,0.003935371,0.4936414,0.08425471,0.05951124,0.0001711753,0.001578583],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7108519,0.000007184437,0.287298,0.000005076152,0.0001261391,0.0002106636,0.00001494285,0.00001345002,0.001472623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971518,5.735191e-7,0.002261436,0.000009212815,0.000213734,0.00003318741,0.0002714157,0.000024423,0.00003419644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5554388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5857775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W21392727","doi":"10.1023/a:1026173811220","title":"Helicity as a Component of Filament Formation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Helicity; Physics; Protein filament; Sinistral and dextral; Magnetic helicity; Chirality (physics); Magnetic field; Polarity (international relations); Polar; Magnetic flux; Flux (metallurgy); Condensed matter physics; Magnetohydrodynamics; Quantum mechanics; Chemistry; Symmetry breaking; Fault (geology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008592216780173686,"gpt":0.2267577817858283,"spread":0.2181655650056546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007903682,0.0001017928,0.0001441506,0.00001481227,0.00006723611,0.00001767583,0.00006948148,0.00002117206,0.00007967202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003681754,0.0001003985,0.0001044896,0.00009375149,0.00002296086,0.000140118,0.00001933841,0.00009886797,0.00007358121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001939998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003220067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008039074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002490072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994134,0.00003951288,0.0001491677,0.00009908676,0.0001468874,0.0001519633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995979,0.00002447285,0.0001009322,0.0001789447,0.00005369126,0.00004403888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002851318,0.001039411,0.04179705,0.00007023651,0.0002365305,0.000001040213,0.002684502,0.003305486,0.0279458,0.9096556,0.0008232476,0.01241261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002571984,0.0002930635,0.003653908,0.000103057,0.0001914695,0.00000400212,0.00300245,0.05660484,0.67546,0.2435694,0.0136462,0.0008996283],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8459294,0.00001204213,0.1328752,0.00002286697,0.0001052993,0.0001450458,0.00003755519,0.00001641959,0.02085623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998706,0.000001763573,0.001021481,0.00002162278,0.00004943271,0.000007894464,0.000057342,0.0000102142,0.0001242915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6660862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4094133,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055337725","doi":"10.1007/s11207-014-0570-2","title":"Predictive Capabilities of Avalanche Models for Solar Flares","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Solar flare; Physics; Sensitivity (control systems); Simple (philosophy); Statistical physics; Astrophysics; Electronic engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00934642865380992,"gpt":0.2191914496212743,"spread":0.2098450209674644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001891851,0.0001901146,0.0003193572,0.00002383693,0.0001196544,0.0000291606,0.0001867562,0.00005680336,0.00001413189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001704676,0.000181976,0.0002435123,0.00007971482,0.00009892248,0.0002499265,0.0000502142,0.0001524588,0.000007598791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001655005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005781842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000866495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005445735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990355,0.0000514133,0.0002101503,0.0002440688,0.0001678926,0.0002909356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990529,0.0002280135,0.0001273557,0.0003458275,0.0001805913,0.00006525491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001986521,0.0007681829,0.05298072,0.0003823368,0.0007850219,1.894806e-7,0.01102166,0.08649849,0.004020427,0.8171952,0.002236697,0.02391239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006294286,0.0001625913,0.0002256764,0.00002737266,0.0000843319,1.248543e-7,0.001303944,0.5701146,0.01222667,0.4142579,0.0007301783,0.0002371317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1769963,0.00002049184,0.8157189,0.00003341622,0.000176718,0.0003138417,0.0004496821,0.0000395587,0.006251108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953266,0.000001790923,0.003669339,0.00001857133,0.0004798101,0.00006242498,0.0001375736,0.00003637767,0.0002674839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8183303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7420765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999444298","doi":"10.1007/s11207-010-9664-7","title":"The Shape of the Solar Limb: Models and Observations","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; Canadian Space Agency","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Holcim Stiftung zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Fortbildung; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Limb darkening; Radiative transfer; Physics; Wavelength; Inflection point; Solar irradiance; Sunspot; Atmosphere (unit); QUIET; Optics; Computational physics; Astrophysics; Geometry; Astronomy; Mathematics; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01607027307722734,"gpt":0.2194946467257179,"spread":0.2034243736484905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001200449,0.0001105836,0.0001087123,0.000005968583,0.000452486,0.00006902237,0.0002632301,0.0000370097,0.000007087813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009744633,0.00006787198,0.0001125729,0.0001268283,0.0001518999,0.0001697342,0.000119097,0.0003655046,0.000003976397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000324849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005726863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006303912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004962738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994038,0.0000275714,0.0001304484,0.0001259629,0.0001370112,0.000175219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992397,0.0001338911,0.00009551589,0.0004099893,0.00008212058,0.00003881097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001006443,0.0001453029,0.1060453,0.00001168812,0.0001300037,1.024472e-7,0.001071064,0.001146605,0.01450077,0.8543058,0.0004400618,0.02219327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003674539,0.00002854285,0.02303907,0.00001294103,0.00008245006,6.64224e-7,0.000616891,0.5739334,0.005119074,0.3926272,0.003924875,0.000247488],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868515,0.00002688442,0.009867094,0.0004928246,0.000328788,0.0001692489,0.00006556611,0.00001517707,0.002182875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988602,0.000006628955,0.0006189501,0.00003800916,0.0001941834,0.00001063903,0.000009796491,0.00001666383,0.000244894],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5727867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3480202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1585286458","doi":"10.1007/s11207-007-9009-3","title":"Predicting Solar Flares by Data Assimilation in Avalanche Models","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Solar flare; Data assimilation; Statistical physics; Flare; Solar physics; Sunspot; Astrophysics; Meteorology; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02518211870380215,"gpt":0.2663090133839647,"spread":0.2411268946801625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005566012,0.0001989149,0.0002108704,0.00003918233,0.0001357595,0.00007886149,0.0003865719,0.00007751303,0.00001509252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000116562,0.0002102433,0.00006042349,0.00023405,0.0000318562,0.0008311549,0.0001886172,0.0004136619,0.00002234608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003845365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005255232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002919392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009785473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998601,0.00004215659,0.0002772477,0.000389934,0.0002561926,0.0004334508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990063,0.0001153425,0.0001206451,0.0006264848,0.00004620872,0.00008502555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004978153,0.0005293806,0.9077637,0.00003397792,0.0001581457,0.000005771082,0.002832991,0.0149088,0.00376728,0.009048646,0.003778574,0.05712297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006989174,0.00002282329,0.003662047,0.00003719889,0.00003925719,4.545202e-7,0.001143788,0.9682969,0.002701584,0.02201985,0.001005193,0.0003719376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3918023,0.00005253047,0.5976349,0.00005045995,0.0001987848,0.0002027886,0.0004481873,0.00006529246,0.009544759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957998,0.000006363308,0.00193365,0.0000356331,0.0004395347,0.000004559352,0.001632087,0.00003777836,0.0001105431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9533882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8573472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988901530","doi":"10.1007/s11207-013-0381-x","title":"Analysis of Different Solar Spectral Irradiance Reconstructions and Their Impact on Solar Heating Rates","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Canadian Space Agency; York University; University of Toronto","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Irradiance; Solar irradiance; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Atmosphere (unit); Wavelength; Physics; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Optics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007722709188431777,"gpt":0.234122520156115,"spread":0.2263998109676833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007280659,0.0003157797,0.0005552886,0.0001142718,0.0002188624,0.0001185668,0.0001357759,0.00005411599,0.0001827613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006182971,0.0002330582,0.0004447011,0.0004464929,0.0001065673,0.0002671546,0.0000409826,0.0003162492,0.00001774763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003862736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003846297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006911412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002643188,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988741,0.00006912572,0.0002620905,0.0003125274,0.0001186761,0.000363462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990754,0.0001672112,0.0001785858,0.0003605223,0.00007826966,0.0001400479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001693866,0.0002972001,0.9410784,0.00002021479,0.002905005,3.193828e-7,0.001315472,0.005067041,0.007986662,0.005532706,0.000066735,0.03571327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006718956,0.0002593074,0.4152665,0.00007916471,0.0006968744,0.000001610427,0.002379603,0.5194312,0.02544853,0.03505532,0.00001601539,0.0006939715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866339,0.00002317962,0.01188116,0.00005036118,0.00008439847,0.0002017818,0.0002459491,0.00002656516,0.0008527125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991302,0.00001082979,0.0004423277,0.00001724018,0.0001801804,0.00001842808,0.0001228387,0.00002703689,0.00005085975],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.525812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9503837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045642862","doi":"10.1007/s11207-012-0019-4","title":"A Fast Model for the Reconstruction of Spectral Solar Irradiance in the Near- and Mid-Ultraviolet","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Montréal","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Irradiance; Astron; Physics; Sunspot; Solar irradiance; Solstice; Ultraviolet; Astrophysics; Spectral line; Solar maximum; Wavelength; Meteorology; Astronomy; Solar cycle; Optics; Latitude","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01404158796335159,"gpt":0.2344259021341426,"spread":0.220384314170791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002289182,0.0001164778,0.0001388202,0.000009988293,0.0001628712,0.00004522805,0.0001383379,0.00003224499,0.00000304642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004806563,0.00007815524,0.0000933031,0.0001010154,0.0001170328,0.0002121484,0.00001597532,0.0002007038,0.000002089508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001013335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000360576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008104202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002152469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993863,0.00003323369,0.0001189735,0.0001135611,0.0000876929,0.000260279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995234,0.0001308859,0.00008030944,0.0002068929,0.00002555744,0.00003296323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001232219,0.0006069383,0.5986593,0.00009525778,0.0002576566,2.593854e-7,0.03117139,0.02917569,0.004749971,0.1250858,0.0004355935,0.2096388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006701687,0.00003438285,0.01660396,0.00002421557,0.00007931593,0.000003769089,0.003258508,0.9544846,0.001309184,0.02310274,0.0002232557,0.0002058582],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8351043,0.0001225616,0.1635469,0.0002018045,0.0001539627,0.0003451629,0.0001305107,0.000006757096,0.0003880632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968876,0.00001114444,0.002687059,0.00003618694,0.0002782246,0.00003330586,0.00001632363,0.00001378239,0.00003635476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9253089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3187078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051680549","doi":"10.1007/s11207-010-9594-4","title":"Three-Dimensional (3-D) Reconstructions of EISCAT IPS Velocity Data in the Declining Phase of Solar Cycle 23","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Natural Environment Research Council; University of California, San Diego; U.S. Air Force; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Queen's University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Queen's University Belfast; Goddard Space Flight Center; Sight Research UK; Aberystwyth University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Interplanetary scintillation; Solar wind; Physics; Heliosphere; Coronal mass ejection; Interplanetary spaceflight; Incoherent scatter; Spacecraft; Interplanetary medium; Remote sensing; Solar cycle; Astronomy; Ionosphere; Geology; Plasma","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03073950542544828,"gpt":0.2991848557867574,"spread":0.2684453503613091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004845473,0.0001499212,0.0002679677,0.00003647235,0.000134837,0.00002293602,0.0005630852,0.00006217067,0.00004754027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003188556,0.0001256591,0.0001145769,0.0002631421,0.0001950778,0.0002781181,0.0001770164,0.0005885296,0.00001184103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005293771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001419423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003716012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004419649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989166,0.00005097994,0.0003332859,0.0002583213,0.0002248747,0.0002158871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984764,0.0002525643,0.0002276936,0.0009135558,0.00008652867,0.00004319356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001420288,0.003767095,0.7088483,0.00008076751,0.0004894368,0.000004237182,0.003216265,0.002181704,0.02947165,0.0844721,0.001024456,0.166302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005926067,0.0002442109,0.0360518,0.0001448416,0.0003823705,0.00001645566,0.003488928,0.7039858,0.02146711,0.2259982,0.001289175,0.001005127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779488,0.0000112172,0.02024835,0.00007522803,0.0003086429,0.0001571765,0.0006402939,0.00001035737,0.0005998789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897897,8.634799e-7,0.00954203,0.00001569884,0.0002286031,0.00000605319,0.0003940722,0.00001694249,0.000006016794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.701804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.512423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075298153","doi":"10.1007/s11207-006-1831-5","title":"YOHKOH/WBS Recalibration and a Comprehensive Catalogue of Solar Flares Observed by YOHKOH SXT, HXT and WBS Instruments","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Flare; Spectrometer; Solar flare; Astrophysics; Telescope; Spectral line; Astronomy; Imaging spectrometer; Range (aeronautics); Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0104278565416118,"gpt":0.2010558567844398,"spread":0.190628000242828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006316042,0.0002718505,0.0003633564,0.00003266978,0.0001866471,0.0001000859,0.0001185522,0.00008720414,0.000008770379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003687692,0.000278304,0.00008869672,0.0001508836,0.0001446043,0.0004296164,0.0001158074,0.00021473,0.000005580245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001663246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004163482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001425448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007139857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988113,0.00007320894,0.0002905284,0.0003434401,0.0001949647,0.0002865239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999292,0.00006464159,0.0001974718,0.0002643438,0.00009420598,0.00008738242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001273854,0.001030062,0.8166085,0.0002930611,0.000583275,0.000005393527,0.00232362,0.0004376848,0.1205233,0.02476909,0.005254002,0.02804457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01764145,0.001340296,0.2555528,0.0006616608,0.001298394,0.00002713121,0.008453516,0.1565061,0.3651805,0.1685921,0.01950264,0.005243491],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924715,0.0002195798,0.005665742,0.00006403433,0.0001045122,0.0002610318,0.0007769582,0.00003215749,0.0004044412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968563,0.00002458949,0.0009343026,0.00003786375,0.0001523853,0.00001408191,0.001817546,0.00003562135,0.000127287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5610558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794637134","doi":"10.1007/s11207-018-1276-7","title":"Reconstruction of Horizontal Plasma Motions at the Photosphere from Intensitygrams: A Comparison Between DeepVel, LCT, FLCT, and CST","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Photosphere; Astrophysics; Plasma; Magnetic field; Vector field; Computational physics; Classical mechanics; Spectral line; Astronomy; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01275073097812578,"gpt":0.2341017050214554,"spread":0.2213509740433296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007829841,0.0001890365,0.0003126335,0.00001372948,0.0003688951,0.00005338699,0.0001432457,0.00006444134,0.00009181162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007542269,0.0001568608,0.0001209501,0.0001517056,0.0003875296,0.0001581887,0.0001420667,0.0002610411,0.00005448843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003365448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003324737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00132255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006310083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990756,0.00005834727,0.0002411355,0.0002609932,0.0001465946,0.0002173135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991872,0.0001099909,0.0001892929,0.0003114327,0.0001281517,0.000073908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003973919,0.0001239992,0.8939582,0.000009425485,0.0004043946,3.025697e-7,0.002379405,0.00002838526,0.005685556,0.002138784,0.0005934959,0.09463835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006208201,0.001475061,0.2705058,0.0004289676,0.001918799,0.00002101243,0.03369942,0.2373917,0.3508157,0.08928259,0.005762403,0.002490427],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978833,0.00002303134,0.01858721,0.00005129704,0.0002825275,0.0001758475,0.00044354,0.00002740142,0.001576095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997642,0.000002926757,0.001330225,0.000009351805,0.000715763,0.000007381899,0.0002013135,0.0000228354,0.00006815402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6234524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6396596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006138656","doi":"10.1007/s11207-010-9680-7","title":"The Solar Cycle 23 – 24 Minimum. A Benchmark in Solar Variability and Effects in the Heliosphere","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Solar cycle 22; Solar minimum; Heliosphere; Physics; Solar maximum; Solar cycle; Solar irradiance; Solar cycle 23; Radiative transfer; Solar cycle 24; Flux (metallurgy); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Atmospheric sciences; Solar wind; Plasma; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006772281001287034,"gpt":0.2053644503693963,"spread":0.1985921693681093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001011044,0.0002847651,0.0002931542,0.00002087836,0.0003137663,0.0001329368,0.0004374649,0.00009024592,0.00001905412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004235598,0.0001932009,0.0001328475,0.000366256,0.0001598278,0.000252985,0.0001445079,0.0006702935,0.00003228425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003127832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007290196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000492676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002798014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981364,0.000443376,0.0002781728,0.0003881295,0.0002252228,0.0005287118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984531,0.0007014627,0.0001029599,0.0006302029,0.00003915061,0.00007316813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000125402,0.001193994,0.8812999,0.0001127892,0.000158109,0.00002090977,0.017139,0.0001903656,0.0004398189,0.06107284,0.0005158037,0.03773113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003064156,0.0003729989,0.2670278,0.0001925446,0.0001845513,0.000005894928,0.0089946,0.0782881,0.002540697,0.6351728,0.002783732,0.001372059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871895,0.0001266978,0.004484299,0.0001330381,0.0002845249,0.0006581279,0.00002944999,0.00002239384,0.007071973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989687,0.00001717711,0.000556769,0.00009883109,0.0001629914,0.00008293258,0.0000231728,0.00002888881,0.00006049837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6142721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7878505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999305129","doi":"10.1007/s11207-014-0509-7","title":"Deterministically Driven Avalanche Models of Solar Flares","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Solar flare; Flare; Population; Coronal mass ejection; Extreme ultraviolet lithography; Event (particle physics); Interpretation (philosophy); Solar physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009964427004284376,"gpt":0.2224958250754193,"spread":0.2125313980711349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001300706,0.0002054925,0.0003331323,0.00002482316,0.0001039085,0.00004225122,0.0002668516,0.00006212578,0.00003732343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001257401,0.0001981059,0.0002025789,0.0001068112,0.00009239124,0.0001836897,0.00009291654,0.0002307283,0.00006198558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001056898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005392746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003826708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004116951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988974,0.00006850897,0.0002418923,0.0002532521,0.0002247941,0.0003141612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999095,0.0001263857,0.0001310149,0.0004345384,0.0001091817,0.0001038876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006753312,0.0008743395,0.1154081,0.0001491877,0.000483277,0.00000324934,0.002628021,0.02662205,0.01313406,0.7598462,0.0008982126,0.07988586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000638465,0.0001235223,0.0009251142,0.00003978084,0.0001056477,6.739081e-7,0.0002337065,0.7817257,0.009009203,0.2059952,0.0007992503,0.0004037039],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2535613,0.000007963531,0.7289593,0.00003783971,0.0001635834,0.0001320912,0.0000911353,0.00004502202,0.01700179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931066,0.000001887214,0.00622366,0.00003493421,0.0003724505,0.000009593011,0.00006772937,0.00003688912,0.0001462626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7551036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8078524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W27655956","doi":"10.1023/a:1010342823034","title":"Sources of the Slowly-Varying Component of Solar Microwave Emission and their Relationship with their Host Active Regions","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Sunspot; Electron; Solar flare; Magnetic field; Wavelength; Plasma; Thermal; BETA (programming language); Microwave; Solar physics; Astronomy; Optics; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341310891848875,"gpt":0.2086237245663761,"spread":0.1952106156478873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008463828,0.0001881481,0.0002492083,0.00002539025,0.000272407,0.00002144274,0.0001635535,0.00004745607,0.000003819643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006772638,0.0001146901,0.0001348121,0.0002266272,0.0001846513,0.0001394128,0.00009345214,0.0002843654,7.334961e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001419616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005884521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009309777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001011992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999254,0.00008313028,0.0001758517,0.0001852357,0.0001191706,0.0001825732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999041,0.0002176748,0.0002593003,0.000336738,0.00009236809,0.00005291572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001615015,0.000362975,0.8860868,0.0000517226,0.0003607166,7.404821e-7,0.01729422,0.0008416881,0.0740153,0.01395852,0.00005534968,0.006810532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002919005,0.0003070642,0.1649964,0.0009112518,0.0003345708,0.00002410451,0.02614419,0.03004223,0.698255,0.07381185,0.001229497,0.001024873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600728,0.00006406241,0.03797307,0.0001442332,0.00003926795,0.0001999577,0.00008219862,0.00001195392,0.001412504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994376,0.00001040961,0.000317701,0.00001198089,0.0000728064,0.000005498224,0.00002824449,0.00002385933,0.00009185843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7210904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4676926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410897484","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02485-1","title":"Sunrise iii: Overview of Observatory and Instruments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sunrise; Physics; Observatory; Solar observatory; Astronomy; Solar physics; Meteorology; Astrophysics; Remote sensing; Magnetic field; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01789354380195079,"gpt":0.2655687093748488,"spread":0.247675165572898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006207774,0.0001174615,0.0002062516,0.00002050906,0.0000688852,0.00002128391,0.0001021609,0.00003069158,0.00001888191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002358579,0.000118796,0.00008011109,0.0001678397,0.00005387007,0.0001262786,0.00009551196,0.0001218531,0.000004997108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001027603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006121356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001454567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005769034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994454,0.00002300371,0.0001471519,0.0001506586,0.00008926117,0.0001445293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996057,0.00002930113,0.00006864801,0.0002160899,0.00004259994,0.00003769878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001349807,0.0001597678,0.6901159,0.00009744763,0.0001981722,2.707197e-7,0.0002723724,0.00003162866,0.0008859068,0.2676589,0.0003081742,0.04025796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009333645,0.0002328283,0.346642,0.001011022,0.0008822851,9.942797e-7,0.003412349,0.04882711,0.04477818,0.5077628,0.03526622,0.001850539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846517,0.0002351933,0.003891645,0.00003663844,0.0001696368,0.0001220766,0.00004550803,0.0000166932,0.01083094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989544,0.00003651907,0.0003723992,0.00006100657,0.00004857402,0.000006433269,0.00002542136,0.000009555009,0.000485759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3434739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.484436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W95167952","doi":"10.1023/a:1022579419832","title":"Formation of a Switchback During the Rising Phase of Solar Cycle 21","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Research Council Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Differential rotation; Protein filament; Flux (metallurgy); Polarity (international relations); Polar; Latitude; Magnetic flux; Meridional flow; Magnetic field; Rotation (mathematics); Zonal and meridional; Astrophysics; Geophysics; Atmospheric sciences; Astronomy; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01191242635423247,"gpt":0.2357104177122498,"spread":0.2237979913580173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000930999,0.0001247515,0.0001964905,0.00002240572,0.0001447941,0.00002459036,0.0001575868,0.00002917396,0.00006713767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004454922,0.0001023582,0.0001629914,0.0001622264,0.00005364857,0.0003071324,0.00004850837,0.0001682578,0.00002850643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001416879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001052414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004858715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002397202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992347,0.00003701806,0.0002469598,0.0001115304,0.0001771347,0.0001927045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999315,0.0000466011,0.0002331197,0.0002971911,0.00007399775,0.00003403766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002996372,0.007118682,0.1037841,0.001270331,0.001311748,0.000006602353,0.05465155,0.03462095,0.5018476,0.06590232,0.00138872,0.2277978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003425024,0.0001441166,0.001420496,0.0001170466,0.0001720055,0.000002739069,0.002845787,0.62498,0.3481651,0.01779493,0.0004855366,0.0004472631],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9445482,0.00004344275,0.05302302,0.0000394155,0.00006505882,0.0001366851,0.00006425999,0.00001424557,0.00206567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99916,0.000006451093,0.0005656944,0.000006674496,0.0001449882,0.000004668494,0.00001845025,0.00001773276,0.00007533215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.590359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4174045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074078300","doi":"10.1007/s11207-014-0503-0","title":"A Reconstruction of Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance During the Maunder Minimum","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Physics; Irradiance; Emissivity; Ultraviolet; Astrophysics; Spectral line; Solar minimum; Chromosphere; Solar irradiance; Solar flare; Emission spectrum; Solar maximum; Astronomy; Optics; Solar cycle; Solar wind; Plasma","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00890829210110921,"gpt":0.1888774281693177,"spread":0.1799691360682085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006151455,0.00005836301,0.00006718142,0.00001146497,0.00003115947,0.00001193968,0.0000580983,0.00002453675,0.00001169848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004774893,0.00004970052,0.00004006863,0.00006522831,0.00002879993,0.00008773775,0.000003745179,0.00008129282,0.000005090109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001866471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004757714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002787611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004066319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996773,0.00001397505,0.00009159381,0.00005641039,0.00007462592,0.00008606458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998013,0.000008748129,0.0000211323,0.0001368103,0.00001461874,0.00001743218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006694962,0.00002129173,0.001689593,0.0001197708,0.00003563627,2.026763e-7,0.0004145485,0.001984595,0.9599032,0.007843679,0.000730076,0.02725073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002460943,0.0000210367,0.0104822,0.00005223859,0.00001368113,0.000007952119,0.00006208186,0.01923158,0.9606601,0.007371834,0.001686694,0.0001645218],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8715619,0.00005179897,0.1175861,0.00006766334,0.000328597,0.0001680224,0.000006829409,0.0003692884,0.009859749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989313,0.00002215963,0.0007950712,0.00002167381,0.00017088,0.000005566516,0.000001785775,0.00001207536,0.00003945672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1273694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2026728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052268941","doi":"10.1007/s11207-009-9378-x","title":"Solar Radius Determination from Total Solar Eclipse Observations on 29 March 2006","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Akdeniz Üniversitesi; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Solar eclipse; Solar radius; Physics; Eclipse; RADIUS; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Solar physics; Solar irradiance; Solar maximum; Computational physics; Coronal mass ejection; Solar wind; Plasma","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01577434844579273,"gpt":0.2425372550032759,"spread":0.2267629065574832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001377768,0.0003636106,0.0003387924,0.00006181631,0.0004045666,0.0001955075,0.0002923565,0.0001205882,0.0001175858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000169065,0.0003891411,0.0002780703,0.0002969565,0.00004960083,0.0005169846,0.00005283047,0.0005701323,0.0002973478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007834908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008534288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001833603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001727418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982037,0.00009594446,0.0003176365,0.0004903011,0.000384993,0.0005074149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988019,0.0001561755,0.0001678988,0.0005963715,0.0001241481,0.0001535476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002756944,0.004122844,0.096871,0.00003722689,0.0005668139,0.00004129004,0.003886245,0.01008347,0.02345216,0.09271961,0.01162563,0.756318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00499922,0.00102411,0.1684943,0.000208855,0.0005267879,0.00000513956,0.001239943,0.4329687,0.02468192,0.3503329,0.01247053,0.003047712],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055709,0.00002923533,0.08508958,0.0006432175,0.000709472,0.000460308,0.0009055586,0.0001328007,0.006458885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907801,0.000005428055,0.004173275,0.0002662444,0.002623194,0.00002308345,0.001281681,0.00005066195,0.0007963804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7532703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134893018","doi":"10.1007/s11207-021-01864-8","title":"A Modern Reconstruction of Richard Carrington’s Observations (1853–1861)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Sunspot; Sunspot number; Observer (physics); Series (stratigraphy); Focus (optics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0218350878217826,"gpt":0.2260808092500287,"spread":0.2042457214282461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005396242,0.0001139539,0.0001758062,0.00001872705,0.0001367362,0.00001555437,0.00009127842,0.00002722967,0.0002013755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004027565,0.0001333699,0.0001083915,0.0001758907,0.00004908383,0.0002064206,0.0000490345,0.0001341436,0.000029105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002363678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002033944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001637246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992723,0.00003441582,0.0002170938,0.000201426,0.0001154157,0.0001593503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994001,0.00002047427,0.000121478,0.000255329,0.0001532845,0.00004937234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001382823,0.0004238267,0.2265102,0.0000553496,0.0004275647,0.000002298026,0.003665287,0.001478214,0.02562464,0.05870936,0.001264521,0.6818249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003399636,0.0001060427,0.04049824,0.0003491219,0.000373364,0.00001029767,0.00475986,0.005648517,0.4607455,0.2886977,0.193357,0.002054632],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4868682,0.00005847751,0.4843968,0.00003428273,0.0006920488,0.0001185371,0.00009544785,0.00004007606,0.02769616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636903,0.000001157938,0.03439119,0.00002262777,0.0003167162,0.00002004836,0.00009743909,0.00001715236,0.001443318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6797703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5438666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1484965635","doi":"10.1023/a:1025645908639","title":"S-Component Sources at 21 cm Wavelength in the Rising Phase of Cycle 23","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Radio telescope; Brightness; Telescope; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Brightness temperature; Observatory; Wavelength; Astrophysics; Plasma; Astronomy; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0163617061330758,"gpt":0.2598072094920653,"spread":0.2434455033589895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001627484,0.0001399665,0.0002096121,0.00001984638,0.0002118917,0.00002617062,0.0001342084,0.00001475654,0.00002664432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002683759,0.0001044012,0.0001248993,0.0001733165,0.00006651195,0.0001285142,0.00004693457,0.00013455,0.00003476379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001775436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001992429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004501867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000148545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991239,0.00007965114,0.0002398023,0.0001322354,0.0002073118,0.0002170481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994823,0.00005897505,0.0001553856,0.0002330046,0.00004544675,0.00002493979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001024978,0.004446239,0.04111489,0.0000982964,0.0005675886,0.0000047761,0.05459094,0.004814062,0.008137248,0.7648672,0.002024341,0.1192319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017286,0.0008595462,0.01677387,0.0002757961,0.0004210296,0.000004617889,0.07251979,0.03817971,0.1629715,0.605244,0.08279777,0.002666313],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775634,0.00004647619,0.01428687,0.00004026709,0.00006021386,0.000136381,0.00004592739,0.000007615987,0.007812807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999293,0.000003261772,0.0004568022,0.00002597507,0.0001203707,0.00001106991,0.00003209696,0.00001160655,0.00004586879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1596232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4257358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102269697","doi":"10.1007/s11207-006-2488-9","title":"High-Resolution Infrared Measurements of H2O and SiO in Sunspots","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sunspot; Physics; Infrared; Silicon monoxide; Solar observatory; Laser linewidth; Observatory; Water vapor; Spectrometer; Spectral resolution; Resolution (logic); Astrophysics; Infrared spectroscopy; Silicon; Optics; Spectral line; Astronomy; Meteorology; Magnetic field; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01426955936745592,"gpt":0.2356604541354958,"spread":0.2213908947680399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004629447,0.00006833939,0.00009679548,0.00001355494,0.00003572808,0.000007660248,0.00006065059,0.00004666633,0.00003699535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005580529,0.00007490733,0.0000213814,0.0001071508,0.00003466191,0.00006488876,0.00001907444,0.00007987285,0.000005399007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003524227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001952602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003684677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008035629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999508,0.000007249821,0.0001324669,0.0001225871,0.0001185092,0.0001111346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997135,0.00001448961,0.0000563012,0.0001692184,0.00002882409,0.0000176981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001825961,0.0002204463,0.03972783,0.00005789504,0.00001152739,4.396132e-7,0.00008926522,0.0004356524,0.9545527,0.003892584,0.0004154246,0.0005779901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000571545,0.000008708013,0.03301899,0.00002899059,0.00001628715,2.721087e-7,0.00002421959,0.0005730062,0.9439022,0.02138274,0.0003683825,0.0001046579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900963,0.0001061654,0.0008319064,0.00002120893,0.0000150501,0.00005059009,0.00002274604,0.00002573548,0.008830354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991338,0.000005415156,0.0005115559,0.000009635108,0.00008489817,0.0000144621,0.00005790476,0.000008505337,0.0001737927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01749015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3054632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119726276","doi":"10.1007/s11207-021-01766-9","title":"Four Decades of Advances from MSDP to S4I and SLED Imaging Spectrometers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Queen's University; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Spectrometer; Instrumentation (computer programming); Polarimetry; Spectral resolution; Subtractive color; Line (geometry); Sampling (signal processing); Photosphere; Temporal resolution; Field of view","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005832852933180777,"gpt":0.2261965611943761,"spread":0.2203637082611953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004363737,0.0001362469,0.0002412951,0.00002333295,0.00006723408,0.00005286604,0.00009316918,0.00001600889,0.00003764895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009151026,0.0001425414,0.00009420982,0.0001808255,0.00003396147,0.0001948521,0.00008574,0.0001212258,0.00001069516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001095206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003878769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001052227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001304209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992601,0.00002906092,0.0001381992,0.0002460896,0.0001261604,0.0002004208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994856,0.00008935142,0.00006706378,0.0002124528,0.00006283054,0.00008275697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003513552,0.0001940759,0.7560654,0.00003700878,0.0002991123,0.00001430774,0.001977195,0.0005666035,0.1002374,0.01734994,0.0002351934,0.1229886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003192382,0.000153241,0.06481558,0.0002884943,0.0004439606,0.000006337295,0.01003277,0.02266733,0.5758091,0.3064167,0.01444103,0.001733077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9295262,0.0003520451,0.06771167,0.0001623796,0.0001551341,0.00007530908,0.0001144275,0.00001791699,0.001884958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854809,0.00001809938,0.01408358,0.00004818371,0.0002315537,0.000004855803,0.00003859596,0.00002002826,0.00007419714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6912498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.581267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297834425","doi":"10.1007/s11207-022-02047-9","title":"Tomography of the Solar Corona with the Metis Coronagraph I: Predictive Simulations with Visible-Light Images","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Orbiter; Coronagraph; Physics; Solar radius; Metis; Corona (planetary geology); Astronomy; Astrophysics; Coronal mass ejection; Solar wind; Exoplanet; Venus; Plasma; Astrobiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003917466983259683,"gpt":0.1929345447887222,"spread":0.1890170778054626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001223489,0.0002405514,0.0002397153,0.00004053036,0.0009699891,0.00005362639,0.0004721936,0.00002113534,0.00009269443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001902371,0.0001349545,0.000213855,0.0009164444,0.0002485226,0.0001823643,0.0001947152,0.0004940287,0.000001866811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002494619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001307306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001402852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004398848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985706,0.0001743447,0.0001584254,0.0002795841,0.0005263252,0.0002907007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988004,0.0001584181,0.0002369299,0.0006108424,0.0001432829,0.00005015895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003450123,0.0009004972,0.7431827,0.00002861422,0.00191667,0.000002987707,0.005255089,0.2063817,0.002443685,0.03399524,0.001916948,0.003630942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01448929,0.006264515,0.4760603,0.000304438,0.0059343,0.00004141568,0.06217395,0.2321058,0.07623576,0.07345527,0.04816136,0.004773594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8825706,0.0001421687,0.1056732,0.001125896,0.0002480082,0.0013819,0.002550237,0.00008285334,0.006225196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991003,0.000001402247,0.0003222424,0.00006542548,0.00009347747,0.00007993147,0.00008741373,0.00004266535,0.0002071545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2671224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.746047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973126039","doi":"10.1007/s11207-014-0629-0","title":"A Minimum Energy Fit Method to Reconstruct Photospheric Velocity and Magnetic Diffusivity in Active Regions from Observed Magnetograms and Dopplergrams","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","keywords":"Physics; Thermal diffusivity; Magnetic field; Doppler effect; Magnetic diffusivity; Observatory; Eddy diffusion; Energy (signal processing); Astrophysics; Computational physics; Magnetohydrodynamics; Meteorology; Turbulence; Astronomy; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01337556712118137,"gpt":0.2263509537855073,"spread":0.2129753866643259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001361692,0.0002950683,0.0004261612,0.00002829914,0.0001323946,0.0001114499,0.000147513,0.00008767044,0.00003040046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001640809,0.0003058456,0.00008936963,0.0003028298,0.0000939875,0.000158353,0.0001635538,0.0002618605,0.000004185129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003034206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003475793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007798878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001108185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985169,0.0002079389,0.0002077453,0.0005325607,0.0001314687,0.0004033582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989955,0.0003000234,0.00009658527,0.0003353655,0.00004514306,0.0002273949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008286737,0.0002005027,0.07450274,0.00001432121,0.00007827536,0.000001992855,0.001859874,0.0001471834,0.002901315,0.007681313,0.00006968935,0.9124599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004662271,0.0006027045,0.3368933,0.0001259375,0.000264849,0.000006150091,0.002319876,0.371974,0.004485788,0.2704166,0.006311156,0.001937291],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8975639,0.00004271018,0.1012091,0.0001143984,0.00009729858,0.0002246525,0.0001528956,0.00003054862,0.0005644289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778125,0.00001139794,0.02156862,0.0001156562,0.0001893002,0.0000821861,0.0000681774,0.00003463126,0.0001174977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9105226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406214691","doi":"10.1007/s11207-024-02370-3","title":"Photometric Comparison of Metis and LASCO-C2 Polarized Brightness Images","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas","keywords":"Coronagraph; Orbiter; Physics; Solar radius; Brightness; Metis; Astronomy; Corona (planetary geology); Astrophysics; Solar System; Coronal mass ejection; Solar wind; Planet; Exoplanet; Venus; Astrobiology; Plasma","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007248872218190469,"gpt":0.2820250188216235,"spread":0.274776146603433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001108008,0.0001785197,0.0004303218,0.0001271855,0.0001261682,0.00006301235,0.0001630487,0.00005035105,0.00002938811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001164338,0.0001728206,0.0001280189,0.0007648452,0.0001003967,0.0001479369,0.0001072128,0.0002236983,0.000008726788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001429603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005733708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003745101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005321901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991018,0.00005247576,0.0002361595,0.0002336723,0.000152726,0.000223185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992986,0.0001571868,0.0001267232,0.0002673493,0.00009662834,0.00005353079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005306574,0.0006650984,0.8588066,0.0001411218,0.0005353949,8.912855e-7,0.0007359109,0.00008130332,0.03689475,0.06253463,0.0007978211,0.03875341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005932661,0.000202372,0.09934533,0.0002346589,0.000864735,0.000001108377,0.002681208,0.05170124,0.7504743,0.08028877,0.00697663,0.001297012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8329727,0.0003682407,0.1571376,0.00008342099,0.0002452243,0.0002442273,0.0001565018,0.00004128172,0.0087508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975506,0.000008211306,0.001743735,0.00002146878,0.00006602734,0.000008976447,0.00004921679,0.0000162246,0.000535554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7594613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7047418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4327750075","doi":"10.1007/s11207-023-02137-2","title":"Three Eruptions Observed by Remote Sensing Instruments Onboard Solar Orbiter","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; Akademie Věd České Republiky; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; European Space Agency; UK Space Agency; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","keywords":"Orbiter; Solar prominence; Coronal mass ejection; Physics; Coronagraph; Observatory; Astronomy; Corona (planetary geology); Extreme ultraviolet; Space weather; Solar observatory; Solar wind; Astrophysics; Remote sensing; Astrobiology; Magnetic field; Geology; Exoplanet; Venus; Planet; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02650991916401321,"gpt":0.2461232105045836,"spread":0.2196132913405704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001468903,0.000299656,0.0002911604,0.00005014023,0.00039605,0.0001651734,0.0002212931,0.00008603342,0.00004769754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007738491,0.0003162767,0.0002440322,0.0005492289,0.00006255153,0.0003047124,0.0001659912,0.0004212301,0.0008674028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004532282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006082769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004167662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003995491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984127,0.0000437125,0.0002497963,0.0004057076,0.0003033309,0.0005848061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990808,0.00005720034,0.0001147262,0.0005214306,0.00008156586,0.0001443218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007309775,0.0004189676,0.1504162,0.0001016601,0.001286815,0.00002623275,0.002501702,0.001699054,0.05705967,0.01022643,0.0363231,0.739867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002176032,0.0001087891,0.007316489,0.0001350097,0.0002321337,0.000002798571,0.000915011,0.824546,0.01440165,0.1324693,0.01621836,0.00147848],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8209294,0.000009356953,0.1758578,0.0002517769,0.0005002485,0.0002285144,0.0002723454,0.0002513314,0.001699266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879062,0.0000093192,0.008797036,0.0001385839,0.0006510045,0.000003267189,0.001181788,0.0001108776,0.001201955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8228469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037676008","doi":"10.1007/s11207-012-9953-4","title":"Numerical Simulation of a Solar Active Region. I: Bastille Day Flare","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Poynting vector; Solar flare; Photosphere; Flare; Radiative transfer; Astrophysics; Magnetohydrodynamics; Corona (planetary geology); Chromosphere; Line (geometry); Computational physics; Solar wind; Astronomy; Magnetic field; Optics; Geometry; Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01428658341311644,"gpt":0.2512065587403066,"spread":0.2369199753271901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009638904,0.0001858542,0.0002579723,0.00002735889,0.0001191673,0.00001922634,0.0001281759,0.0000611205,0.00006422016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001634361,0.0001812119,0.0001890261,0.0002161596,0.00004623385,0.0004485073,0.00005178631,0.0002383821,0.00006410867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002908815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004668633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005138343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.197615e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990059,0.00007952837,0.0001836222,0.0001769168,0.0002035965,0.0003504592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991672,0.0001524267,0.0001623709,0.0002929179,0.0001052592,0.0001198023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001873314,0.00240497,0.5635105,0.0001040486,0.000828631,0.000002767727,0.01329771,0.1958606,0.002599261,0.05954838,0.001199004,0.1604568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001912349,0.0001965676,0.03064072,0.00009962059,0.0003321657,0.000002229164,0.002911666,0.9026096,0.03159909,0.01865911,0.009755001,0.001281808],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1857778,0.00003561735,0.8084381,0.00003373598,0.0003117284,0.0002086196,0.00007383844,0.00004301148,0.005077587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984393,0.000001165373,0.0006236359,0.00002047776,0.0006530161,0.000009595437,0.0001045674,0.00003331063,0.000114979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8126615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7389606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409150787","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02438-8","title":"Investigating Solar Wind Outflows from Open–Closed Magnetic Field Structures Using Coordinated Solar Orbiter and Hinode Observations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Heliophysics Division; Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Corona (planetary geology); Solar wind; Coronal mass ejection; Coronal hole; Nanoflares; Orbiter; Helmet streamer; Polar wind; Coronal loop; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Extreme ultraviolet; Solar minimum; Coronagraph; Plasma; Atmospheric sciences; Solar cycle; Astrobiology; Optics; Exoplanet; Planet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02435654710170639,"gpt":0.2686865589404264,"spread":0.2443300118387201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001208702,0.0003493144,0.0004169633,0.00005588209,0.0005805446,0.0005770993,0.0004316944,0.0001328965,0.00008096438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000454434,0.0003621526,0.0001123117,0.0003779802,0.00009581599,0.0005455607,0.0004358314,0.0004883641,0.00000589006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003720718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001872115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002794539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000903843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984809,0.0001105174,0.0003424405,0.0005019156,0.000163719,0.0004004787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988784,0.0002387652,0.000157607,0.0004765366,0.0001252514,0.0001234613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004374778,0.0002596185,0.8449315,0.0001009765,0.0006621316,0.000006544808,0.003156527,0.004171789,0.0785262,0.03052441,0.00176508,0.03585148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003230145,0.0001399636,0.04580073,0.000348187,0.0005486059,0.000001302045,0.00217578,0.5561929,0.03066168,0.3578669,0.00170248,0.0013314],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9494894,0.0001099143,0.04805435,0.0003342322,0.0003333489,0.000422028,0.0002425368,0.00005260413,0.0009616057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9775294,0.000002909635,0.02092125,0.0006221693,0.0002414898,0.00001061048,0.0003051726,0.00004391656,0.000323083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7991308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2559781579","doi":"10.1007/s11207-016-1028-5","title":"Plasma Motions and Turbulent Magnetic Diffusivity of Active Region AR 12158 Using a Minimum Energy Functional and Non-Force-Free Reconstructions of Vector Magnetograms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Physics; Photosphere; Magnetic field; Spheromak; Turbulence; Thermal diffusivity; Solar wind; Astrophysics; Computational physics; Magnetic diffusivity; Magnetohydrodynamics; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01018429512190461,"gpt":0.1934020470235588,"spread":0.1832177519016542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003680074,0.0001792269,0.0002644253,0.00005548066,0.0001257733,0.00001707494,0.00007782775,0.00006164432,0.00002487461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008643924,0.0001524305,0.000110826,0.0001398067,0.0002896326,0.000195297,0.00008905927,0.00008719011,5.756111e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002338402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006173453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002414188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003510782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991684,0.00004031021,0.0002095976,0.000251554,0.0001356934,0.0001944735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992325,0.0001017278,0.0001917052,0.0002759427,0.0001123291,0.00008584272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004194217,0.001650224,0.1705416,0.0002349839,0.0009190684,0.00000480887,0.002032427,0.0009966843,0.3259566,0.09212096,0.0003832125,0.4047399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01952153,0.002461383,0.2637321,0.001168514,0.001911772,0.0001884099,0.005265113,0.3464836,0.1127783,0.2428938,0.0007057049,0.002889772],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.926075,0.00002334835,0.0731196,0.00007493697,0.0001317168,0.0001084901,0.0002038944,0.00001045925,0.0002524931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982948,0.00002525885,0.001272528,0.000004138584,0.0001514453,0.00001005818,0.00001995955,0.00001987906,0.0002019607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4018502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6215934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413226182","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02524-x","title":"The Gondola for the Sunrise iii Balloon-Borne Solar Observatory","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; European Commission; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Max-Planck-Förderstiftung; Heliophysics Division; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Sunrise; Physics; Observatory; Solar observatory; Astronomy; Balloon; Solar physics; Meteorology; Astrobiology; Remote sensing; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00991614821535258,"gpt":0.2444374275246909,"spread":0.2345212793093383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003928107,0.0002585926,0.0002377308,0.00001468876,0.001328822,0.0002467533,0.0006417243,0.0000634465,0.00001357062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002571839,0.0001650687,0.0003727464,0.0002741042,0.0001492151,0.0001599838,0.0001563881,0.0004025193,0.00003129884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000363198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002019621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001587591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006162915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987253,0.00006354452,0.0002460326,0.0002968239,0.0001796184,0.0004886879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979886,0.0009406432,0.0001148702,0.0007441217,0.0001515885,0.00006014038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001264406,0.0002783794,0.02681416,0.00003766564,0.001018441,6.60402e-7,0.0006965917,0.0011657,0.0006286036,0.8622739,0.03148803,0.07547142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00283478,0.00007672404,0.008346298,0.00006028103,0.0005907106,3.997828e-7,0.003477381,0.1648668,0.003792488,0.1487112,0.6665088,0.000734108],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1114355,0.002679456,0.845755,0.006325126,0.006394431,0.003268788,0.0005618948,0.0002931023,0.02328668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882683,0.00005683138,0.0004371881,0.0004536974,0.000851717,0.0002556251,0.00008221548,0.00005139361,0.009543042],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8768327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256302107","doi":"10.1007/s11207-005-0618-4","title":"Foreword","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrobiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0171941488622524,"gpt":0.2573329890737707,"spread":0.2401388402115183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007853913,0.00009324827,0.00008811914,0.00001299275,0.00006306971,0.00001599575,0.0001333461,0.0000290333,0.0000805973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001118332,0.00009353501,0.00006757833,0.000178688,0.00003525137,0.0002649195,0.00003943243,0.000121287,0.02968343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005456231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002303073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004682246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000126977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993578,0.00001843798,0.00008064165,0.0001375455,0.0001698968,0.0002357346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995658,0.00001369279,0.00003735119,0.0002914523,0.00003688517,0.00005480623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005841714,0.0008000394,0.006757873,0.00002869235,0.0001491231,0.000008615369,0.002264588,0.002193779,0.07883397,0.1472572,0.2121087,0.549539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001072234,0.00006544146,0.004483083,0.00002111507,0.00005787135,0.00000559435,0.00007031587,0.02301584,0.1204479,0.04459231,0.8055361,0.0006321928],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8874487,0.000279095,0.0232203,0.0005868105,0.000312724,0.0004075043,0.0002598587,0.001197899,0.0862871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938825,0.000001407764,0.003592183,0.0002438357,0.001144034,0.000006316083,0.00001758905,0.00006883049,0.001043348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5934274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9710721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391335145","doi":"10.1007/s11207-024-02254-6","title":"Energy Definition and Minimization in Avalanche Models for Solar Flares","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université de Montréal; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Solar flare; Minification; Energy (signal processing); Energy minimization; Computer science; Environmental science; Physics; Astrophysics; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02090203822822199,"gpt":0.2369830115071599,"spread":0.2160809732789379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001185735,0.0003429244,0.0003851984,0.00008897577,0.00008322037,0.0002068827,0.0001405409,0.0002170081,0.000006076178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004412003,0.0003700851,0.0002005491,0.000115208,0.00003801847,0.0001308559,0.0003565398,0.0005181415,0.000006245137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004755201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001452174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002599563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005812994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986839,0.00005012699,0.0002760403,0.0005422314,0.0001478884,0.0002997861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999335,0.00009525374,0.0001253293,0.0002978516,0.00008333125,0.0000632134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008664672,0.0004072594,0.004539744,0.001079431,0.0005348642,0.000005028312,0.003877442,0.1100916,0.0003158482,0.8203036,0.00185076,0.0569078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002224966,0.00001351084,0.00002059855,0.0001136412,0.00007486608,2.00504e-7,0.0001452789,0.4592027,0.0003336665,0.5394636,0.0001747377,0.0002346853],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07963435,0.0007508183,0.9113674,0.0001891255,0.0008553729,0.0006035738,0.001505854,0.0001064851,0.004987073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898506,0.00009682638,0.006281223,0.00003953949,0.0006720886,0.0002445949,0.00255723,0.00008959645,0.0001682379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9102163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405276945","doi":"10.1007/s11207-024-02410-y","title":"Tomography of the Solar Corona with the Metis Coronagraph II: Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of the Electron Density and Comparison with Reconstructions Based on LASCO-C2","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas","keywords":"Coronagraph; Physics; Brightness; Orbiter; Solar radius; Metis; Corona (planetary geology); Tomography; Astronomy; Tomographic reconstruction; Astrophysics; Optics; Coronal mass ejection; Solar wind; Plasma; Venus; Stars; Exoplanet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005312498475724713,"gpt":0.2007908322949938,"spread":0.195478333819269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001442032,0.0002401825,0.0002894701,0.00004800545,0.0006972762,0.0000487835,0.0002279533,0.0000509846,0.00001743117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003070706,0.0001199102,0.0002488071,0.00070666,0.0007817064,0.0001084864,0.00007456422,0.0005871902,9.699612e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002122471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000228093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002121697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008205623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988143,0.0001174119,0.0002078917,0.0002947819,0.0003312256,0.0002343489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988772,0.000220915,0.0001955457,0.0005332273,0.0001283595,0.00004474842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001746201,0.0003312476,0.9244518,0.00005519509,0.0009606703,5.001164e-7,0.0005521489,0.009900564,0.001426793,0.04992956,0.000499584,0.01171733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003767192,0.00220735,0.4875003,0.001470964,0.003394587,0.0001041319,0.003347066,0.3599302,0.08877376,0.04538113,0.002433293,0.001690001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891305,0.00007875501,0.008829016,0.0005444599,0.0002598819,0.0004158666,0.0001965721,0.00002753398,0.0005174333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990102,0.000001858944,0.0007836049,0.00003257288,0.0000680948,0.00001932205,0.00001802347,0.0000272734,0.00003904825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4369515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5362955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411210724","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02501-4","title":"Avalanching Together: A Model for Sympathetic Flaring","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Centre national d'études spatiales; European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009522805239690303,"gpt":0.2552414109680547,"spread":0.2457186057283645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001106905,0.0001576341,0.0001899232,0.00002842156,0.0002100351,0.00007468605,0.0001667105,0.00004057826,0.000004707249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005484696,0.0001599942,0.000199,0.0001139291,0.00002124173,0.0001159069,0.00006188487,0.0001780828,0.00001380476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002517462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008114673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002588056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004036167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992582,0.00001559502,0.0001362974,0.0002260872,0.00008081613,0.0002830232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995256,0.00006730582,0.00004888009,0.0002669672,0.00005126341,0.00004000363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002871996,0.0003169054,0.03972706,0.0001102627,0.0003579165,4.396847e-7,0.003136289,0.1016007,0.004492398,0.7859079,0.0008397044,0.06348163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003609757,0.000008692138,0.00003834221,0.00003115463,0.00005123697,5.900634e-8,0.0001641716,0.8144657,0.00157902,0.1827206,0.0004347392,0.0001453001],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1194264,0.00002415275,0.8724548,0.00008193065,0.0001709848,0.0002271107,0.00005103797,0.00005337226,0.007510212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905708,0.000001250125,0.006871544,0.00008217755,0.0001741929,0.00005484949,0.00004479129,0.00002653872,0.002173901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8711443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6524376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413338376","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02531-y","title":"Data-Driven Reconstruction of a Low-Order Dynamo Model from Sunspot Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Physics; Dynamo; Sunspot; Solar physics; Astrophysics; Dynamo theory; Astronomy; Statistical physics; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02417406468994651,"gpt":0.2728806631762051,"spread":0.2487065984862586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009995307,0.000182499,0.0002942419,0.00003565943,0.000101149,0.00004923669,0.0009582401,0.00006154805,0.0000434924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001305539,0.000191414,0.00006159022,0.0002694259,0.00008229636,0.0005969123,0.0006704932,0.0002563884,0.00002066177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001845146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002693087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004335619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001150984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988397,0.0000374502,0.0002596379,0.0005004179,0.0001514021,0.0002113635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976284,0.00007501132,0.0001427454,0.002002876,0.0001052505,0.00004570084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002342651,0.001871288,0.2121529,0.0002739052,0.003085602,0.000003228328,0.001138904,0.1637484,0.01027687,0.1449476,0.01221672,0.4500503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004358417,0.000005981814,0.0004457748,0.00006192954,0.0001237166,1.09391e-7,0.0002277825,0.9643096,0.0004512539,0.03351732,0.0002511613,0.0001694893],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2789263,0.0000341157,0.7044928,0.00009581607,0.0003943332,0.0001807886,0.01138646,0.00004300116,0.004446353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96465,0.00001044181,0.02508816,0.00003295549,0.0002198983,0.000005478241,0.009659572,0.00002594099,0.0003075799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8005612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7805635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416724101","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02585-y","title":"Radiative Transfer in Solar Prominences: An Overview and Current Trends","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski; KU Leuven; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Grantová Agentura České Republiky","keywords":"Orbiter; Solar prominence; Coronagraph; Radiative transfer; Current (fluid); Focus (optics); Solar physics; Solar System; Current sheet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0213835227261448,"gpt":0.3030486270581396,"spread":0.2816651043319948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001180265,0.0002010545,0.0002709983,0.00007757972,0.00009443201,0.00007010944,0.0001351287,0.00003970974,0.00002997771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002208153,0.0001926405,0.00008963076,0.000422133,0.00005768971,0.0003236818,0.00003364752,0.0002969684,0.000005390193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002501975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007830671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001216859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007852069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990583,0.00007883591,0.0001806304,0.0003118717,0.0001064431,0.0002639012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996211,0.00004133701,0.00002651585,0.0002109662,0.00003026648,0.0000698256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003226137,0.0007059724,0.2112491,0.0001007293,0.0001090755,0.000001482096,0.003642113,0.0003103328,0.0002314339,0.1742579,0.0001293181,0.6092302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01046775,0.0006022737,0.2365527,0.001180922,0.0006123341,0.000001491551,0.005411583,0.4106821,0.007561362,0.2887494,0.03511974,0.003058343],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9412457,0.002339597,0.0495539,0.0002522686,0.000459507,0.0004012511,0.0002210646,0.0000609187,0.005465797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991971,0.0001269633,0.0002075932,0.00003625006,0.000124734,0.00003528687,0.0001013127,0.00001539102,0.0001553688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6061719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7855651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285045857","doi":"10.1007/s11207-022-02007-3","title":"Five Solar Cycles of Solar Corona Investigations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica","keywords":"Orbiter; Coronagraph; Physics; Astronomy; Corona (planetary geology); Solar System; Space research; Solar cycle; Solar maximum; Coronal mass ejection; Space physics; Solar physics; Astrobiology; Solar wind; Exoplanet; Venus; Planet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01095312878084381,"gpt":0.2291371859771521,"spread":0.2181840571963083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001715744,0.0002160049,0.0002994933,0.0000489231,0.0005516665,0.00003785835,0.0003450792,0.00003370773,0.00027442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001015136,0.0002471058,0.0002392126,0.0003401246,0.0001306277,0.0002167592,0.0002751269,0.0004820593,0.00004202585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004824854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001882083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003159753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009300563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986202,0.0001242666,0.0002758721,0.0002914334,0.0003582122,0.0003300103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990548,0.0001031638,0.0002167828,0.0004287687,0.00008794115,0.0001085176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008441705,0.002144222,0.476091,0.000117369,0.001130971,0.00001137473,0.0129808,0.0672266,0.01786025,0.3670678,0.009619648,0.04566558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003981357,0.0007296088,0.01821512,0.00007979423,0.0006904082,0.00001016675,0.02229195,0.3453884,0.05139004,0.5205545,0.03414255,0.002526165],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9490796,0.00007935744,0.04262359,0.0002293536,0.0004747072,0.0003754318,0.001273897,0.00008501305,0.005779034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966862,0.00000302491,0.001905584,0.00008531054,0.0002263959,0.00005869854,0.0004436371,0.00004551743,0.0005456133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4578759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116944157","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02587-w","title":"A Novel Polarimetric Approach for Sun Center Determination and In-Flight Calibration Using Metis Coronagraph on Solar Orbiter","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Space Agency; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Coronagraph; Orbiter; Polarimetry; Solar observatory; Corona (planetary geology); Solar radius; Brightness; Polarization (electrochemistry); Photosphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01588845915713724,"gpt":0.2600158212572136,"spread":0.2441273621000763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001378519,0.000199107,0.0002284868,0.0002084068,0.0001568605,0.0001218221,0.00009585312,0.0000786783,0.000002853324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009804017,0.0001997321,0.0001118312,0.0005015972,0.00003269453,0.0003056192,0.00004729065,0.0001911003,7.784326e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000505659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004897278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001666194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000122017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990534,0.00003806574,0.0001993636,0.0003277348,0.0001223909,0.0002590093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995321,0.00009467969,0.00008738106,0.0001847286,0.00005851048,0.00004258791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003650155,0.003088697,0.7916548,0.0003526371,0.0004282141,0.000001642873,0.001325797,0.006670212,0.03030707,0.08238307,0.0001856501,0.08323716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002016945,0.000062219,0.01122986,0.00005403104,0.00009361449,8.949605e-7,0.0001840014,0.9719045,0.00939272,0.00442394,0.0002958051,0.0003415013],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2541152,0.0000192551,0.7444533,0.00002837871,0.0001148669,0.0003984138,0.0001323779,0.00001522657,0.0007230029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782405,0.000001899038,0.02109094,0.00008967723,0.0001124816,0.00003032587,0.0003011564,0.00002539038,0.0001076452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9652343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8144838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406856529","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02430-2","title":"So Far, so Good — My First 82 Years","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004820131721492347,"gpt":0.2222871270016582,"spread":0.2174669952801659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007702671,0.0002019428,0.0002333247,0.0000361823,0.000334236,0.0002018522,0.000258467,0.00006312779,0.00008950337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004631455,0.0002199127,0.0002100759,0.0002928516,0.00009439111,0.0001518517,0.0001236451,0.0003076908,0.0002894681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003279841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001615464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002564201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004006192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990161,0.00002573814,0.0001649784,0.0002897187,0.0001509979,0.0003524396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993451,0.0000628458,0.00006498151,0.0004082951,0.00004951438,0.0000692496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003003123,0.0007010385,0.247916,0.0000718079,0.0006307858,0.00000719569,0.001905866,0.001938679,0.0005524384,0.5971245,0.0118726,0.1372491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002330109,0.00009021546,0.02118998,0.0001296727,0.0002944069,8.263199e-7,0.001319911,0.0387617,0.003394912,0.1631948,0.7681299,0.001163483],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6664546,0.0004148932,0.2290216,0.001081196,0.002100976,0.0007192766,0.0003877996,0.0003457008,0.09947393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954485,0.00001322536,0.0008228883,0.0002195452,0.0003757819,0.00002145666,0.0001082541,0.0000325875,0.002957725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7562574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.896778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2223390300","doi":"10.1007/s11207-016-0984-0","title":"Spectropolarimetry of Atomic and Molecular Lines near 4135 nm","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Line (geometry); Spectral line; Absorption (acoustics); Absorption spectroscopy; Emission spectrum; Sunspot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004063843386184575,"gpt":0.214634166971261,"spread":0.2105703235850765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006824965,0.0001629942,0.0002385497,0.00002297003,0.00007563294,0.00002456454,0.0001242159,0.00004165891,0.00005574831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008190468,0.0001193998,0.0001023398,0.0001235062,0.0001915868,0.0001362822,0.00007294362,0.0001043906,0.00003285221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001253983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000421367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001622628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001981467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992519,0.00003293892,0.0001589696,0.0002117878,0.0001260313,0.0002183876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994213,0.00006320892,0.0001021217,0.000283124,0.00006090082,0.00006933711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003719013,0.0001846573,0.285063,0.00003902154,0.0003014436,0.000003265716,0.0004578191,0.00002322583,0.302587,0.3757231,0.0003408011,0.03523944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003329133,0.0003205414,0.01199895,0.0001935063,0.0002775443,0.000004326048,0.000597502,0.008058451,0.5680704,0.4009328,0.005068381,0.001148449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9186627,0.000101541,0.07887963,0.0001740716,0.00009287952,0.00008601386,0.00005928721,0.00002278244,0.001921144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997632,0.00001027305,0.001947393,0.00002261831,0.0002050078,0.000002286476,0.0000111375,0.00002838418,0.0001408775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.273064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4868982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2553753496","doi":"10.1007/s11207-016-1022-y","title":"Editorial: 50 Years of Solar Physics","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Solar physics; Astronomy; Astrobiology; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004621535170798143,"gpt":0.2376748928424449,"spread":0.2330533576716468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003458846,0.0007588459,0.001216862,0.00006474282,0.000157442,0.0001306623,0.0009236412,0.0008606015,0.00007832711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009353034,0.0007588492,0.0008605715,0.0002795956,0.0002254812,0.0003882467,0.0003315886,0.00164419,0.0003720065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001107101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008377606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002901721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005561747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960974,0.0001378757,0.000636937,0.0007992087,0.001528877,0.0007997378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962416,0.0008462667,0.0008328762,0.001228016,0.0006450558,0.0002062195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004318365,0.0002515226,0.0002606584,0.00009155263,0.0004750564,0.000001196634,0.0002122699,0.00004300335,0.0003835202,0.002370178,0.981992,0.01387582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001093552,0.0001044544,0.000008172465,0.0002192718,0.0002970743,6.745266e-8,0.00005919738,0.0001466289,0.0009117336,0.02620193,0.970095,0.0008629678],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002111671,0.00005688332,0.02575004,0.00001275157,0.9671572,0.0003327711,0.004106221,0.00009694973,0.00227594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001896964,0.00006054982,0.0005461002,0.000005804443,0.9943375,0.00003939092,0.001591452,0.0002599776,0.001262254],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02718024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283724345","doi":"10.1007/s11207-022-02055-9","title":"Forecasting Solar Flares by Data Assimilation in Sandpile Models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Physics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"European Research Council; Hydro-Québec; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Data assimilation; Solar flare; Cellular automaton; Computer science; Simulated annealing; Abelian sandpile model; Flare; Assimilation (phonology); Algorithm; Statistical physics; Meteorology; Astrophysics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04875381265137724,"gpt":0.2521139614871312,"spread":0.203360148835754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000299554,0.0001729009,0.0002015347,0.00003663087,0.0003698095,0.00007519234,0.0004670851,0.00002799784,0.00007244507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006238181,0.0001992206,0.00006526226,0.0002776531,0.00002172537,0.0006329369,0.0005507643,0.0004689734,0.000007304657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005614603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007539138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002669852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002334943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986796,0.00009706977,0.0002160248,0.0003860343,0.000286063,0.0003352388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991642,0.00007668122,0.0001163787,0.0005623289,0.0000262798,0.00005411432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001239552,0.001537593,0.1780251,0.00005712319,0.0003011778,0.00001549779,0.006652525,0.622608,0.00251803,0.01838656,0.05440104,0.1153734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004477652,0.0000260964,0.0000749451,0.000006830023,0.00001976841,5.970282e-7,0.001062649,0.9746169,0.0002223761,0.02060535,0.002685584,0.0002311169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5733759,0.0001621468,0.4062253,0.0002178982,0.0005662697,0.0006195581,0.004771212,0.0001535617,0.01390814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946598,0.000002842131,0.001055679,0.00004858523,0.0001921762,0.00003699628,0.003842381,0.00003830133,0.0001231798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4212839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8123982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}