{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"9ad9f94393cd","filters":{"venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law"}},"results":[{"id":"W2961171609","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2019.v12i1.662","title":"The development of ethical guidelines for telemedicine in South Africa","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Fogarty International Center; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Confidentiality; Fiduciary; Health care; Telemedicine; Informed consent; Public relations; Accountability; Political science; Engineering ethics; Liability; Nursing; Business; Medicine; Psychology; Law; Duty","authors":[{"name":"Beverley Townsend","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard E. Scott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maurice Mars","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4664412320897788,"gpt":0.5321451631698073,"spread":0.06570393108002853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1029188,0.0007565456,0.0007142628,0.002639564,0.006942122,0.01081772,0.003185827,0.01207773,0.002706349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1432896,0.0009539792,0.001182254,0.002148102,0.01580451,0.008344964,0.01324382,0.01808557,0.001079396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009781437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06351831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006586058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008223142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8653093,0.09486087,0.0179268,0.002741686,0.01440163,0.004759643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8859175,0.07008313,0.008969601,0.007110645,0.02179475,0.006124386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003126941,0.0001476424,0.00155679,0.0008097253,0.00001816846,0.002633596,0.1014863,0.001315038,0.002397198,0.7381935,0.06225754,0.0891533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004373588,0.00007033445,0.001795262,0.006624839,0.00001856566,0.002575029,0.0304741,0.001403208,0.001699891,0.1395769,0.815607,0.0001112375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02115642,0.01831972,0.1595698,0.6608394,0.008626124,0.005905517,0.0002717027,0.000203467,0.1251078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4052632,0.01645393,0.3970922,0.1357864,0.002180338,0.007927821,0.0003304812,0.0002482002,0.03471754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9879223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5442932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1483156276","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.53","title":"Dual loyalties: How to resolve ethical conflict","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Ethics in medical practice","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Loyalty; Dual (grammatical number); Dual role; Health professionals; Health care; Dual purpose; Psychology; Public relations; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Social psychology; Political science; Law; Engineering; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"John R. Williams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1328575228001509,"gpt":0.460445449430524,"spread":0.3275879266303731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06972348,0.001346779,0.001713662,0.004422993,0.01954326,0.02175066,0.003699564,0.01947589,0.006560364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1449276,0.001230987,0.001490547,0.001719959,0.03521834,0.03058377,0.02032533,0.02784291,0.003794144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004746896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02412086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001948551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00364783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9368416,0.04674006,0.002343049,0.00224273,0.007928896,0.003903772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.895544,0.05916718,0.007298482,0.005281497,0.01295415,0.01975479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008303803,0.0007725951,0.004072003,0.001050699,0.0002090522,0.003626391,0.1622154,0.00136358,0.001525991,0.3596036,0.210646,0.2548315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001124631,0.0001480416,0.001390948,0.001592996,0.00006132606,0.00419825,0.1602642,0.00277892,0.0006054766,0.5890172,0.2395949,0.0002352602],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02757911,0.008658711,0.1749596,0.6940559,0.009524624,0.0009386128,0.00003473879,0.000749086,0.08349963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5508837,0.01153138,0.3013915,0.0973753,0.006509617,0.002124718,0.0001105078,0.000627965,0.02944534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06972348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3687374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154161933","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.55","title":"The future of medical professionalism","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialism; Consumerism; Order (exchange); Public relations; Medical profession; Political science; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Business; Environmental ethics; Psychology; Law; Medicine; Engineering; Medical education","authors":[{"name":"John R. Williams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1402688681043177,"gpt":0.4559116773366961,"spread":0.3156428092323784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01758775,0.0002663831,0.0004102507,0.00166933,0.008151536,0.01099476,0.0006884407,0.005699016,0.007256675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02089425,0.0002647109,0.0004652521,0.000950183,0.03079317,0.01259719,0.006038185,0.008061621,0.001559375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00840795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.015414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002677245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002586091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9843242,0.008937484,0.0003649167,0.0008288227,0.003270538,0.002274022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9844641,0.006647062,0.001129502,0.0009559321,0.002644491,0.004158911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002184944,0.00002012013,0.000482924,0.00007551329,0.000003951383,0.00008780647,0.004375318,0.0001080268,0.00009758428,0.9560043,0.01459743,0.02412525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001287337,0.00004364043,0.00123215,0.0006024562,0.000004218598,0.0002793615,0.005401892,0.0002872322,0.00009900414,0.691229,0.3007864,0.00002178835],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.01400395,0.0398786,0.002872064,0.6914679,0.0026356,0.00001862468,0.00003332755,0.00002685161,0.249063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9046902,0.02667351,0.002735605,0.03389871,0.005255325,0.00007582469,0.00003296388,0.00003117691,0.0266067],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01758775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.093014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107773985","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.308","title":"Enhancing capacity of ethics review committees in developing countries: The Kenyan example","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Kenya; Developing country; Political science; Ethics committee; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Economic growth; Public administration; Economics; Law; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Gloria Omosa Manyonyi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Walter Jaoko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kirana Bhatt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon K. Langat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gaudensia Mutua","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bashir Farah","is_ca":false},{"name":"J Nyange","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joyce Olenja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julius Oyugi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabina Wakasiaka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maureen Khaniri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith R. Fowke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rupert Kaul","is_ca":true},{"name":"Omu Anzala","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4091388041779467,"gpt":0.4822241814647514,"spread":0.07308537728680475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2806854,0.001099741,0.0004879311,0.002969431,0.02103937,0.01158514,0.003842248,0.01072945,0.004652089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2276825,0.001633671,0.000923562,0.002595119,0.01846694,0.01363854,0.0194382,0.009986483,0.001205912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01542801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1113867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01765416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04377622,"domain_scores_codex":[0.7432276,0.2134819,0.008486034,0.003906471,0.01388214,0.01701572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5100932,0.3349354,0.0274744,0.02534269,0.05317363,0.04898082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004614938,0.0007940023,0.03709877,0.006041371,0.0001870317,0.01352906,0.1779914,0.002501406,0.003461692,0.2893575,0.1636763,0.3049001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006021709,0.000505796,0.02748724,0.009900345,0.00008754569,0.004234422,0.0572701,0.001966048,0.002067292,0.05460882,0.8408693,0.0004008814],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1069504,0.03630359,0.03583431,0.6853361,0.003811404,0.005057634,0.0001760845,0.0002769051,0.1262537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8021378,0.01966747,0.09967715,0.05794082,0.001287566,0.003699186,0.0001535043,0.0001793982,0.01525723],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9892706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8870429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118369482","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.7","title":"Withholding and withdrawing treatment : practical applications of ethical principles in end-of-life care","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association","funders":"","keywords":"Beneficence; Bioethics; Autonomy; Dignity; Economic Justice; Engineering ethics; Psychology; End-of-life care; Psychological intervention; Statement (logic); Nursing; Medicine; Palliative care; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Liz Gwyther","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2139100577486985,"gpt":0.4263406861299625,"spread":0.212430628381264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.160398,0.001780612,0.0018247,0.002668456,0.01185679,0.01836212,0.005349243,0.0412151,0.003230686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1193828,0.001204538,0.001526924,0.002370611,0.1128879,0.0230689,0.02182472,0.03307467,0.0009551161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009450505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01873871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002419407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003902443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8284909,0.1483412,0.004349557,0.002645423,0.01329864,0.00287424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.846381,0.139758,0.003862009,0.003623171,0.003582193,0.00279364],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003541297,0.00008053128,0.0003501478,0.0005744878,0.00002654439,0.002316722,0.03522685,0.001568954,0.0002367741,0.8953654,0.01982342,0.0443949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004751921,0.00008618833,0.0002399769,0.002387509,0.00001311741,0.002053635,0.01352652,0.001146446,0.0002032197,0.8808318,0.09937646,0.00008749343],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008631632,0.03881699,0.1371794,0.6957713,0.00572341,0.0007374655,0.00003405112,0.0001245607,0.1129811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48353,0.03729738,0.3099657,0.1433471,0.009554785,0.003537626,0.00005085854,0.0001608942,0.01255573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.160398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8482758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1958809057","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.74","title":"When do medical students become professionals","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Diligence; Graduation (instrument); Discretion; Honesty; Medical education; Medical school; Psychology; Process (computing); Pedagogy; Medicine; Political science; Social psychology; Engineering; Law","authors":[{"name":"John R. Williams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03769808425405723,"gpt":0.3986112030096599,"spread":0.3609131187556026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004285011,0.0001359992,0.0003187614,0.001088507,0.002832418,0.008235806,0.0007306472,0.003094943,0.02142957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03945042,0.0004593295,0.000320598,0.0008929729,0.003271667,0.008358683,0.003706973,0.003512495,0.006367187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002771284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006585353,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003960001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006791092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953176,0.001184296,0.0001511644,0.0003343216,0.001273246,0.001739372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9758528,0.003356058,0.002834526,0.0004867862,0.003034405,0.01443554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005685186,0.0009183812,0.2335183,0.0008990653,0.00006035281,0.001316475,0.1288088,0.0001110454,0.00152607,0.04661278,0.2604999,0.3251605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001341031,0.0004038944,0.1795865,0.002213404,0.00003959995,0.001628138,0.3155564,0.0002161814,0.0009717841,0.02593791,0.4732209,0.00009114447],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5609294,0.007587372,0.001130643,0.2771315,0.004384549,0.0001484845,0.000443268,0.00009545159,0.1481494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9376938,0.00531247,0.0006907229,0.02805877,0.001038854,0.00009231886,0.0002426331,0.00006601206,0.02680439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02142957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07168907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}