{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"6804bce34df5","filters":{"venue":"Southern African Public Law"}},"results":[{"id":"W2389641338","doi":"","title":"The application of the doctrine of proportionality in South African courts","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern African Public Law","topic":"Legal Issues in South Africa","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Doctrine; Jurisdiction; Law; Political science; Statutory law; Constitutionality; Constitutional court; Constitutional law; Democracy; Politics; Supreme court; Constitution","authors":[{"name":"G.N. Barrie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0161551519904627,"gpt":0.2698343322933739,"spread":0.2536791803029113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001833881,0.0001366746,0.0002419786,0.00005217174,0.0004407412,0.00009916331,0.001209735,0.0001016611,0.0001746426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006173172,0.00007964566,0.000131268,0.001099086,0.002477766,0.0001903167,0.0001808357,0.000220728,0.00006470109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001535027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003762079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02005754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006580114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972041,0.0005004978,0.0005922738,0.0002685653,0.0009711616,0.000463434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977692,0.0002582081,0.0006424019,0.0007401381,0.0004666256,0.0001234692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001117754,0.0001249177,0.04066766,0.00001195647,0.00002502352,1.595865e-7,0.1321524,0.000006236382,0.00009216194,0.8246654,0.0001093348,0.002133582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007358087,0.00005975149,0.02201775,0.00002805671,0.00003838494,4.943772e-7,0.1505501,0.0001578446,0.0002663141,0.1320197,0.6936932,0.0004326543],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4778444,0.0004120817,0.0002900212,0.02876869,0.0003710523,0.003383466,0.0001958011,0.0001512032,0.4885833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978586,0.000002014191,0.00008936621,0.00007526405,0.0001101988,0.0001827315,0.000002814761,0.0000156158,0.001663383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6935838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.986468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2255401858","doi":"","title":"Banning hate speech from public discourse in Canada and South Africa : a legal analysis of the roles of both countries' constitutional courts and human rights institutions","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern African Public Law","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Freedom of expression; Human rights; Democracy; Expression (computer science); Realm; Law; Thriving; Political science; Constitutional right; Freedom of the press; Fundamental rights; Constitutional court; Sociology; Politics; Social science; Supreme court","authors":[{"name":"Karmini Pillay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01587222023007086,"gpt":0.22014443400693,"spread":0.2042722137768591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000417131,0.0001652552,0.0003269933,0.0002546702,0.0004273738,0.0001738349,0.0004316644,0.00005849688,0.00002773853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000312985,0.0001203654,0.00006971606,0.0009182794,0.001099345,0.0006551447,0.0002099952,0.000166811,9.395145e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001554658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008434954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5205339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8520297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983223,0.000139026,0.0003596801,0.0002917142,0.000484729,0.0004025155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989262,0.00007485327,0.0002699572,0.0004188895,0.0001109619,0.0001991788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004712326,0.00006330036,0.0905642,0.000005981792,0.000267247,0.000004405862,0.006227941,0.00004807864,0.0001219884,0.9024377,0.00002026958,0.0002341598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009844373,0.0004087277,0.536478,0.0006740245,0.003481776,0.0001869952,0.04845507,0.03098007,0.005155289,0.04433879,0.3147345,0.005262368],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906696,0.0002141264,0.003958891,0.000631312,0.0001323269,0.0001453603,0.0004053464,0.0000269949,0.003816051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994822,8.864595e-7,0.0003602435,0.00004442296,0.00003251048,0.000008889174,0.0000120671,0.000004767474,0.00005407848],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8580989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4908358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3167603032","doi":"10.25159/2522-6800/7124","title":"Prosecutorial Discretion and Judicial Review: An Analysis of Recent Canadian and South African Decisions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern African Public Law","topic":"Legal Issues in South Africa","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Judicial review; Appeal; Political science; Scrutiny; Judicial discretion; Principle of legality; Supreme court; Economic Justice; Discretion; Judicial activism","authors":[{"name":"Chuks Okpaluba","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03587889531708578,"gpt":0.3093612923735879,"spread":0.2734823970565021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001442683,0.0001996973,0.0005885735,0.0002897947,0.0007146551,0.0002892982,0.0003484623,0.0001665761,0.001094732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001775103,0.0001860898,0.0001280854,0.00291961,0.001071496,0.0003017652,0.00009962741,0.0002034228,0.00001105649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002449505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00114819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1585056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6774457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996842,0.0007167849,0.0004698119,0.0005964789,0.0007620221,0.000612961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974273,0.0001725503,0.0002471769,0.0005248444,0.0006015338,0.001026618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006043211,0.0002388431,0.02024383,0.00006163416,0.0009609082,0.00004907437,0.6308153,0.000005904926,0.00004477474,0.3220623,0.0005089776,0.02494802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003695117,0.00007923014,0.001293721,0.00007777689,0.00108781,0.000001271976,0.09114935,0.00007469084,0.00000600819,0.002910802,0.9024974,0.0004525001],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2870436,0.02676936,0.0008088868,0.06504932,0.002717348,0.003420281,0.006696184,0.0005562693,0.6069388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973512,0.0008018673,0.0004165519,0.0004774651,0.0003304999,0.00002686172,0.00008802024,0.00002415499,0.0004834243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9019883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296721730","doi":"10.25159/2522-6800/10290","title":"Multilateralism and Management of Public Health Emergencies: A Case Study of the Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern African Public Law","topic":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; African Union","keywords":"Multilateralism; Political science; Pandemic; Agency (philosophy); Outbreak; Nationalism; Articulation (sociology); Development economics; Economic growth; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Political economy; Sociology; Politics; Economics; Law; Medicine; Virology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Udoka Ndidiamaka Owie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1853932057976437,"gpt":0.3667702113983877,"spread":0.181377005600744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001575441,0.0001640729,0.0004107509,0.0001946061,0.0006449234,0.00005089057,0.0001836171,0.00002991788,0.0003235609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004763668,0.0001137897,0.0001608406,0.0005811491,0.0002618148,0.00006736306,0.0004771737,0.0002035874,9.862589e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002374086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003404657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01480951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002417669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976971,0.0003911027,0.000569104,0.000340867,0.0005408034,0.0004610094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986475,0.00004982598,0.0002953109,0.0004519355,0.0001709647,0.0003844544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00137597,0.03690803,0.09830685,0.007755606,0.007952829,0.001838217,0.6040357,0.0004431863,0.002778626,0.1737419,0.01653079,0.04833227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008180813,0.00415516,0.001757604,0.00002052229,0.0001369127,0.0008320602,0.8717266,0.00115884,0.0000187379,0.00023078,0.1115305,0.0002515093],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824873,0.0001943647,0.0001955783,0.01102802,0.00009716136,0.003301309,0.0006936435,0.00004791251,0.00195472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971385,0.000008976494,0.00005175211,0.0003217809,0.00002440516,0.0004856422,0.00001678978,0.00002860418,0.001923567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2676908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.991751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384825543","doi":"10.25159/2522-6800/12459","title":"A Comparative Study on Human Trafficking as a Crime in South Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern African Public Law","topic":"Sex work and related issues","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Human trafficking; Legislation; Government (linguistics); Enforcement; Political science; Language change; Criminology; Law enforcement; Economic growth; Public administration; Law; Sociology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Jenine Ramsamooj","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1069437618075554,"gpt":0.3650507047763689,"spread":0.2581069429688135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001169946,0.0001972391,0.0003459094,0.00033924,0.0009385124,0.0003046427,0.0005063165,0.0001356485,0.0003169486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008855072,0.0001671018,0.00009137106,0.002353321,0.0004453977,0.0001172275,0.00007482691,0.0003650194,0.002358924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001360115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000141775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002309552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002441737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971789,0.0006724148,0.0002911103,0.0004505832,0.0006696727,0.0007373173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991347,0.0001886138,0.0001139916,0.000280201,0.00007746472,0.0002050073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001380976,0.0003342214,0.001917172,0.000001231048,0.00005267315,0.00003668676,0.9504625,0.00001649028,0.00001277191,0.04678636,0.0002416388,0.0001245004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005856387,0.000217953,0.001169095,0.00002153243,0.00001402049,1.433255e-7,0.9564131,0.00001618555,0.000004466983,0.002981573,0.03834084,0.0002354848],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.638121,0.00003832108,4.902602e-7,0.0006437766,0.000101199,0.0004044755,0.000004546235,0.0003985399,0.3602877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991007,0.000001003972,0.000004170467,0.00007771325,0.0001651261,0.00006304386,0.000006246243,0.00002789928,0.008647786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.352886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}