{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":25,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":25,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"eada2718dab2","filters":{"venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy"}},"results":[{"id":"W578343877","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9","title":"Solar Based Hydrogen Production Systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Hydrogen production; Production (economics); Process engineering; Hydrogen; Exergy efficiency; Solar energy; Engineering physics; Environmental economics; Computer science; Environmental science; Engineering; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Economics; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01059598919064401,"gpt":0.1936722295586375,"spread":0.1830762403679935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000765387,0.001238766,0.001618959,0.001140947,0.0001622342,0.0001904418,0.001088555,0.001367018,0.0004508959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001737931,0.0013073,0.0004252333,0.0004716019,0.0002045166,0.0003189598,0.0002463146,0.0007944456,0.0006994025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00225189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001172844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04213649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006597065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935246,0.0004498636,0.001669013,0.001870487,0.001193507,0.001292545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960114,0.0001379319,0.0008480317,0.002374225,0.0002717405,0.0003566183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003083114,0.000118268,0.00004609712,0.0005669035,0.000266898,0.0002375599,0.00004530271,0.8738339,0.001147307,0.07396436,0.0432841,0.006458463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005316368,0.00005770637,0.00001004811,0.001378487,0.00006560628,0.00005564309,0.00001310803,0.01333427,0.007303474,0.001373859,0.9745174,0.001358753],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001229105,0.009668783,0.0006095286,0.0001342183,0.01033385,0.0007425641,0.0000253034,0.0009984903,0.9762582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04398458,0.0003686808,0.0001528506,0.000177548,0.005401806,0.0008791274,0.0004710516,0.0006369113,0.9479274],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9312333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737437113","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-61112-9","title":"Renewable Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Carbon dioxide; Renewable fuels; Environmental science; Carbon-neutral fuel; Waste management; Fossil fuel; Natural resource economics; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Syngas; Economics; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"David S. A. Simakov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00966257293223489,"gpt":0.2150028812769297,"spread":0.2053403083446948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002370663,0.0006345201,0.001112352,0.0002451339,0.00005634277,0.00004296224,0.0007111996,0.0008721548,0.0000643633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004030174,0.0006689492,0.0002005214,0.00005993666,0.0001785876,0.0001166425,0.0006535143,0.0006666621,0.000009495473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007249968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001441323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01566031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001068805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973143,0.00001870035,0.000642762,0.0009587216,0.0004141556,0.0006513637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976416,0.0002397406,0.0003479402,0.001501704,0.00003578844,0.0002332528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009332781,0.00007465531,0.0001246049,0.0008625924,0.0005512144,0.0005792208,0.0002804859,0.0009252238,0.9570674,0.006348295,0.0003648404,0.03272815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005630249,0.00001274172,0.00001464118,0.002039154,0.0001259009,0.00002460633,0.000004855611,0.0007731118,0.6257104,0.009276603,0.3604307,0.00102434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04103221,0.01714182,0.0001269149,0.0000657325,0.000885129,0.0002095445,0.00008899208,0.0003801839,0.9400695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0950776,0.002440032,0.0004873325,0.00006422367,0.001768835,0.0001051518,0.0002790581,0.0004888187,0.899289],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3600658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W140872083","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_2","title":"Hydrogen Production Methods","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen sulfide; Fossil fuel; Renewable energy; Hydrogen fuel; Energy carrier; Hydrogen economy; Biomass (ecology); Production (economics); Environmental science; Primary energy; Carbon fibers; Process engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Sulfur; Organic chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02028213315680599,"gpt":0.2582408656575317,"spread":0.2379587325007257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008061044,0.001028705,0.001291649,0.000836743,0.0001122865,0.00007677247,0.0007844639,0.001062578,0.002923495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001632275,0.001076924,0.0004086766,0.0001916368,0.0002063006,0.0002523846,0.0003579945,0.0006715429,0.000831896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007873265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002064188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01849746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005778881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952927,0.0002524105,0.001326185,0.001581163,0.0006580031,0.0008895271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969279,0.000125453,0.0006127426,0.001883981,0.0001756206,0.0002743014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001787254,0.00003665812,0.00000712886,0.00009274605,0.0002644928,0.0001036575,0.00006273561,0.0648187,0.003408797,0.7546081,0.003156694,0.1734224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002462665,0.00003641954,0.000007325904,0.0004191456,0.00005181864,0.00007270198,0.00000666126,0.0005762347,0.02726572,0.04024227,0.9300223,0.001053156],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002892883,0.005262949,0.0007528327,0.0001465311,0.003932272,0.0002556843,0.000005044626,0.0004872661,0.9888681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006803745,0.001351079,0.005455273,0.0001970096,0.003209192,0.0002538917,0.0001004098,0.0005474966,0.9820819],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9268656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2246049573","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_4","title":"Solar Hydrogen Production","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Fossil fuel; Renewable energy; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Hydrogen; Production (economics); Biomass (ecology); Zero emission; Waste management; Hydrogen economy; Natural resource economics; Process engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Ecology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007077626718027457,"gpt":0.168308975726007,"spread":0.1612313490079796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004618167,0.0003490031,0.0003462622,0.000110693,0.00002110407,0.00001981389,0.0002187755,0.000424687,0.0005057928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003000976,0.0003797824,0.00009561319,0.00004651403,0.00006299246,0.00007290281,0.00006598708,0.0004266046,0.0001935332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001555027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001730761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004335301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000161115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988248,0.000003038158,0.0003209378,0.0003777583,0.0001799575,0.0002934669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999441,0.00002203277,0.00004769672,0.0003655819,0.00003557254,0.00008807602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004535588,0.0001304692,0.00002291748,0.003262734,0.0008040036,0.0001357071,0.0002468682,0.04420295,0.3111445,0.2889298,0.02721153,0.3238632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001054218,0.000008416809,0.000001621001,0.0004744754,0.00002016787,0.00001002122,9.391346e-7,0.0007029664,0.2994022,0.05553495,0.643108,0.000630905],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004137577,0.00743691,0.0001134553,0.00005703975,0.0006209735,0.00009872409,0.000004706468,0.0006673581,0.9868633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5276653,0.005679526,0.0003615824,0.0001406106,0.002132738,0.0000942609,0.0001008533,0.0004815858,0.4633435],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6158964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229998441","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_5","title":"Thermodynamic Analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Electricity; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Thermal; Solar energy; Thermal energy; Nuclear engineering; Electrolysis; Work (physics); Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Materials science; Waste management; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electrode","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005160637638235216,"gpt":0.1708470764312155,"spread":0.1656864387929803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003880617,0.0003969179,0.0005798138,0.0003041105,0.00001627352,0.00003162358,0.0003169286,0.0004627378,0.001736144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001102761,0.0004107094,0.00025833,0.0001581816,0.00006690373,0.00004549705,0.00007382772,0.0004079052,0.0001270179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001709718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000139719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001191972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008612263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987573,0.000003554048,0.0003676666,0.0003664291,0.0001901605,0.0003148701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999308,0.00005993301,0.00005428298,0.0004469646,0.00003156873,0.00009918656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002338775,0.00007179102,0.00005303862,0.0009993511,0.005548825,0.0001275571,0.0001291871,0.06800289,0.02870298,0.7644486,0.002948961,0.1289434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006131472,0.00002872413,0.0001326784,0.0008686249,0.001112623,0.000008509238,0.00000474057,0.1200846,0.02264456,0.2582735,0.5927362,0.003491982],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002247647,0.004684987,0.001004891,0.0000144413,0.0001598713,0.0000445783,0.00001065603,0.0004179361,0.991415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8070337,0.002302618,0.0002080631,0.00009142778,0.0002872334,0.00003517554,0.0001092463,0.0002136813,0.1897189],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.804786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W323622939","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-04238-1_1","title":"The Nature of the Problem","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Roger Boyd","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006903945059126853,"gpt":0.2254230984389724,"spread":0.2185191533798455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004674213,0.0004131491,0.0004524958,0.0001078055,0.0002404288,0.00006470367,0.001559001,0.00109652,0.0005080064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001757679,0.0002397487,0.0003607502,0.0001661594,0.0007061148,0.00006834623,0.0008021671,0.001513262,0.00003328375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003147711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003257769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006288638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01029163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973239,0.0001262984,0.0006326438,0.000508936,0.0007687457,0.0006395017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975242,0.0002970292,0.0002619023,0.001482461,0.0003413077,0.00009307437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003124616,0.00001915715,0.00002868405,0.00006195393,0.00007114523,0.000009484866,0.00003305278,0.003320619,0.00001783321,0.9410201,0.001327339,0.05405936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001177676,0.00001924379,0.0001158836,0.0001101218,0.000008340648,0.000003130976,0.00001438349,0.00005378502,0.0002613449,0.3644433,0.634685,0.0001676798],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003953021,0.004843153,0.000003637051,0.001258492,0.0004285008,0.0002277424,0.000006109484,0.00004029862,0.9927968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1106869,0.001290989,0.00007538358,0.0002805929,0.0002527736,0.00008521476,0.000008172802,0.00009207922,0.8872279],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6333577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9776666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401585441","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65906-5_3","title":"Electricity System Modeling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Electricity system; Electricity; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Electricity generation; Power (physics); Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ghadertootoonchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armaghan Solaimanian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Davoudi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moein Moeini‐Aghtaie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006552321680374702,"gpt":0.1683110612878549,"spread":0.1617587396074802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001581685,0.0005974661,0.0005969199,0.0007637898,0.00003432297,0.00008472659,0.0002889986,0.0008270015,0.00004408012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006532335,0.0006592966,0.0001742872,0.000171455,0.0000195974,0.00009521728,0.00006183359,0.0007120936,0.0001491272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001401549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005473118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005334624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004667608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979843,0.00001060978,0.000727335,0.0005152892,0.0003145178,0.000447872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992559,0.00002235415,0.00006077267,0.0004918998,0.00008390597,0.00008514318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002038172,0.000001210327,1.497682e-7,0.0002476658,0.00006249839,0.00006826481,0.00001589527,0.552496,0.00003397767,0.446288,0.0001504807,0.00063385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008382203,0.00001016432,5.867465e-8,0.001695933,0.00003892902,0.00002852811,0.000006982865,0.9088863,0.0003327821,0.003224629,0.08512433,0.0005676041],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000400737,0.008286396,0.0482777,0.000005850997,0.002243528,0.00009869498,0.0000137365,0.001755566,0.9392784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5192415,0.002044996,0.000756624,0.00003064156,0.001278923,0.00009897074,0.0001285587,0.0008899299,0.4755299],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5192014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253592682","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_7","title":"Case Studies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Sustainability; Hydrogen production; Production (economics); Environmental science; Section (typography); Environmental impact assessment; Natural gas; Hydrogen; Process engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Computer science; Chemistry; Ecology; Economics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03344061596029729,"gpt":0.2478468088226093,"spread":0.214406192862312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003399543,0.001109702,0.001583914,0.0007364479,0.0001428261,0.00008751288,0.0005800177,0.0008532284,0.002079039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001155973,0.001095647,0.0003864352,0.0001304941,0.0003172689,0.0001973084,0.0005213251,0.0006062099,0.0009523944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008277392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001562042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02126396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02470312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99581,0.00009714063,0.001333187,0.001254558,0.0005999678,0.0009051998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971223,0.000264347,0.0005205482,0.001575557,0.0002454741,0.0002717179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001168176,0.00002488553,0.000005098311,0.0001458549,0.0005435598,0.02578001,0.0001444592,0.02179349,0.0000512041,0.9121493,0.007084931,0.03226559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004660913,0.00005078476,0.000001083834,0.0006013769,0.00006629217,0.003908316,0.00005853086,0.0003005672,0.0005615216,0.02914663,0.9636536,0.001185197],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007888847,0.0152724,0.0000487875,0.0000622497,0.003005835,0.000173808,0.00001340426,0.0003862203,0.9802484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06738149,0.00342006,0.0003670665,0.0003190437,0.001942578,0.0001987722,0.00003952866,0.0004518159,0.9258797],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9565687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154116","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4","title":"Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh’s Power Sector","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign direct investment; Power (physics); Business; International economics; Economics; International trade; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04088918516964013,"gpt":0.1971672051181593,"spread":0.1562780199485191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006324641,0.0005587765,0.00121954,0.001184669,0.00005014591,0.000109047,0.0006098064,0.0005972525,0.0005501476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007395603,0.0007624692,0.0002964909,0.0003502961,0.00008387449,0.0002150389,0.0002702261,0.000534152,0.0008401415],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001989755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001523651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00171579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002582771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964932,0.00002047102,0.001390092,0.001143856,0.00007394898,0.0008784935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984677,0.000111554,0.0005157006,0.000726679,0.00001452008,0.0001637766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001534461,0.0000660696,0.008538326,0.00007750092,0.00009527169,0.0001817938,0.0002539298,0.002914855,0.000001226094,0.9735605,0.0140151,0.0002800901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006125201,0.00004649214,0.003869293,0.0002565388,0.000005436472,0.000004216602,0.00003347622,0.0006463444,0.00002029766,0.2569739,0.7367015,0.0008299185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003394135,0.004810329,0.00003060027,0.000132632,0.001629356,0.0002048656,0.0002155978,0.0001275141,0.989455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2136798,0.005731727,0.0004031072,0.002859393,0.0009273139,0.0002910429,0.0003405627,0.000511304,0.7752557],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7226865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248512226","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_1","title":"Hydrogen","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009994592268564783,"gpt":0.1737847275328949,"spread":0.1637901352643301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006875477,0.0003106641,0.0003261507,0.00001419005,0.00005006696,0.00003769459,0.0003301846,0.0003496178,0.04194131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009331635,0.000297396,0.0001126586,0.00003502616,0.0001070737,0.00008707343,0.00003082521,0.0002794591,0.001128452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001246317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005825571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002467345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001220017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986959,0.000007505162,0.0003041228,0.0004299774,0.0002329202,0.0003296445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931,0.00005222023,0.0001261428,0.0003551407,0.0000176215,0.0001388696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008729985,0.00005124794,0.01221775,0.0002727905,0.0003347188,0.001209725,0.000178204,0.02442727,0.0004988465,0.1654504,0.01845699,0.7768147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001360771,0.00002448337,0.0009394272,0.0001146415,0.00001114873,0.00001610217,0.000003146465,0.0005071017,0.0006536956,0.01834126,0.9787508,0.0005021607],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002509966,0.002739289,0.00001875135,0.00004945391,0.0002319542,0.00005437764,0.00002305059,0.00005723151,0.9943159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09117121,0.0009367443,0.0004687743,0.0003536528,0.0005782336,0.000002242879,0.0001625264,0.00002174898,0.9063049],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9602938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W32770254","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-2242-6_5","title":"Efficiencies of Power Plants","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Cogeneration; Geothermal power; Process engineering; Power (physics); Exergy efficiency; Energy (signal processing); Geothermal energy; Power station; Geothermal gradient; Second law of thermodynamics; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Electricity generation; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Mehmet Kanoğlu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunus A. Çengel","is_ca":false},{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01680221584209407,"gpt":0.2054447037865988,"spread":0.1886424879445048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002657622,0.0004392547,0.0007269953,0.0002902377,0.00003592241,0.00001259412,0.0004366496,0.0005641971,0.001762115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002786678,0.0004151336,0.0002254108,0.00005218087,0.0001548903,0.00006350894,0.0001663882,0.0002808137,0.0001435438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005776038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005421918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001006029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997986,0.0000354684,0.0006767087,0.0003823744,0.0004463372,0.000473113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985798,0.0001274863,0.0004750605,0.0006448277,0.00005239797,0.0001204213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000812471,0.00006642203,0.0003984417,0.00009668587,0.0001396652,0.00005455472,0.0006459587,0.000727419,0.005132756,0.9733849,0.0002987341,0.01897327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003045198,0.00005371493,0.0005266954,0.0004780374,0.00002003242,0.0000254315,0.00002266261,0.00001732227,0.01071674,0.00655562,0.9807622,0.0005170451],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009910301,0.01092943,0.00003565251,0.000005864684,0.001377685,0.00008833173,0.00003720093,0.00008335491,0.9775322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7438879,0.0005901286,0.00004744308,0.00009824472,0.0004519486,0.00001583041,0.00002893848,0.000130212,0.2547494],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9804634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414026264","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95667-6_4","title":"Federal Political Systems: Brazil, Canada, Germany, Malaysia and Other ASEAN Countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Geography; Development economics; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Thomas L. Brewer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008849706959728402,"gpt":0.2484496559335824,"spread":0.239599948973854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003118096,0.0003385372,0.0005940881,0.00008885657,0.0002727634,0.0002035504,0.0003153356,0.0004557805,0.0001614437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001322785,0.000352786,0.00007438379,0.00004434799,0.000503368,0.00008022055,0.0001387884,0.0002955049,0.000007791433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001250775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002376243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9826562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9584059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997296,0.00008714501,0.0005007182,0.0004932786,0.0007017095,0.0009211228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987597,0.0003284616,0.0001561587,0.0002971808,0.00007667744,0.0003818024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006854455,0.000005413792,0.0007680617,0.0001079712,0.00003542989,0.00008329606,0.00006593051,0.000006861179,2.992258e-7,0.9870172,0.0117311,0.0001716298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000148396,0.000009692621,0.0004434604,0.0006520437,0.00001455326,0.000004113686,0.0000446762,0.00003627919,0.000002741016,0.01355094,0.9847242,0.0003689126],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003599599,0.003667647,0.00002724996,0.002431487,0.001011406,0.0001596906,0.0002769586,0.00005007956,0.9920155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1788879,0.0002863538,0.0000123112,0.004543153,0.001253078,0.00002364548,0.000004860897,0.00004786393,0.8149408],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9734662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154259","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_5","title":"Barriers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign direct investment; Politics; Private sector; Government (linguistics); Investment (military); Questionnaire; Power (physics); Business; Key (lock); Political science; Public relations; Accounting; Economic growth; Economics; Sociology; Social science; Law; Computer science; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05362282620882582,"gpt":0.1900379832077602,"spread":0.1364151569989344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002861229,0.0003687695,0.0007625641,0.0005209129,0.00005418092,0.00006342227,0.0004487169,0.0005363502,0.001535897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005461561,0.0005318998,0.0002647817,0.00007538935,0.00008674264,0.0001097672,0.0001728729,0.0003428727,0.003817227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003140889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004304343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007141578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006262909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997825,0.000003045533,0.0008953029,0.0007621114,0.00003809489,0.000476488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988106,0.00003679639,0.0003577444,0.0005948612,0.00001126631,0.0001887253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005520174,0.000003614315,0.0008361335,0.00001946171,0.00006098381,0.00004922717,0.00002811361,0.0004883995,2.808754e-7,0.9947965,0.002870793,0.0008409804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001572929,0.00001362591,0.000241371,0.00004051458,0.00000289039,0.000001861157,0.000003324473,0.0001578724,0.000004086849,0.3817278,0.6172872,0.0003621891],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002009517,0.002383523,0.00006869736,0.0002644935,0.001802319,0.0000698085,0.0002158625,0.0001273521,0.994867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02393885,0.007268067,0.0001511702,0.000900092,0.0005545471,0.00002691521,0.00005968157,0.0002369813,0.9668637],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6144164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997132,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401586117","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65906-5_4","title":"Pyomo Formulation of Electricity System Optimization Problem","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Electricity; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Electricity system; Mathematics; Engineering; Electricity generation; Electrical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ghadertootoonchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armaghan Solaimanian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Davoudi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moein Moeini‐Aghtaie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005451654012330658,"gpt":0.168261616041045,"spread":0.1628099620287143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001535753,0.000377082,0.0004436235,0.000663169,0.00001856219,0.00002967723,0.0002065166,0.0003393796,0.00004722665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003963033,0.0004331966,0.0001281233,0.0001767728,0.00001828503,0.0001027437,0.0001029611,0.0002431373,0.00001577685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007100267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002025932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001178302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001119241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983802,0.000007053048,0.0006595448,0.0003537385,0.0003214537,0.0002780144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993613,0.00002583124,0.0001180736,0.0003940783,0.00005404004,0.00004662378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003131958,0.000003022943,0.000002365178,0.0005858214,0.00007134504,0.00001139078,0.00001389991,0.5722762,0.00002197356,0.4259212,0.0001342198,0.000955443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001747103,0.00003017189,0.00001013999,0.001128406,0.00008018572,0.000004475502,0.000002917142,0.8597198,0.00111657,0.004192436,0.1330762,0.0004640631],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004875396,0.00212922,0.1052543,0.000009298885,0.001014568,0.000192322,0.000009519691,0.000692663,0.8906494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7154999,0.003699946,0.01230742,0.00003611314,0.00140967,0.0002277241,0.0003526484,0.0009748661,0.2654917],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7154512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178306703","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_3","title":"Solar Energy Aspects","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Environmental science; Sunshine duration; Irradiance; Sunlight; Meteorology; Solar irradiance; Solar energy; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Physics; Astronomy; Optics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01109914407310158,"gpt":0.1939981013391876,"spread":0.182898957266086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001624253,0.0004921883,0.0004866731,0.0004669964,0.00008781089,0.0002382328,0.001413967,0.0005473409,0.0006791293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002735018,0.000541673,0.0002023749,0.0001435725,0.0000714147,0.0003507268,0.0005045666,0.0004158611,0.0003145459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000228245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002267064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001298638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007941032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975893,0.00003757946,0.0005146335,0.0008510879,0.0005134157,0.0004939886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979983,0.0001012951,0.0002704219,0.001304385,0.0001034193,0.0002221678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001669544,0.00001604131,0.000006230807,0.000008908583,0.00002851011,0.0000854083,0.00005315046,0.0001325505,0.00005987728,0.9507608,0.004342193,0.04450471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001912857,0.00003345516,0.0000467414,0.00007095443,0.000005318627,0.00001623646,6.822769e-7,0.006243157,0.001188155,0.1728747,0.8188096,0.0005197297],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007502848,0.002268204,0.06681142,0.0002211905,0.001523976,0.00007550017,0.000004489225,0.000292484,0.9287952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02056268,0.003342994,0.008362041,0.005369701,0.001165038,0.00007731304,0.00004696314,0.0002093755,0.9608639],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8144674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154214","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_2","title":"Benefits and Costs of FDI","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign direct investment; Competition (biology); Balance of payments; International economics; Perspective (graphical); Economics; Resource (disambiguation); Balance (ability); Transfer payment; Payment; Business; International trade; Market economy; Macroeconomics; Finance; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05639635607499289,"gpt":0.1925456253580294,"spread":0.1361492692830365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000213697,0.0002566226,0.0007113118,0.0003911004,0.00002421777,0.00002539809,0.0002233889,0.0003652175,0.0001386738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000274598,0.0003557712,0.0001221932,0.00005334344,0.00008878792,0.00007694323,0.0001704882,0.000179,0.0001919853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001359075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001645988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001104656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009337149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984019,0.000002281195,0.0007797935,0.0005156687,0.00002969122,0.0002706253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990871,0.00005094839,0.0004010153,0.0003660216,0.000014772,0.0000801179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006892931,0.000008971998,0.001763878,0.00002814673,0.00004819513,0.000006724894,0.00002272478,0.0004781238,5.214285e-7,0.9891475,0.000226719,0.008261605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006426745,0.0000816122,0.006277762,0.0004628342,0.0000125375,0.000006940224,0.00000820698,0.0003399141,0.00004972379,0.4212322,0.5700678,0.0008178167],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.005718306,0.0140265,0.00002199687,0.0001396192,0.0007889292,0.00008667407,0.0004017539,0.00004765421,0.9787686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4225897,0.1242742,0.000606187,0.0007600265,0.0006876031,0.00004055136,0.0001558569,0.0004514988,0.4504344],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5698411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253183922","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_8","title":"Concluding Remarks","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008067271644800087,"gpt":0.181763324693881,"spread":0.173696053049081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004955387,0.0003943595,0.0004559926,0.0001169529,0.00002147428,0.00003406594,0.0002808832,0.0005294415,0.001169453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000321979,0.0004300481,0.0001132226,0.00004314259,0.00007765101,0.00005895396,0.0001070516,0.0005316639,0.000145446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001855638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005123277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000156907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987339,0.000003085686,0.0003863705,0.0003460514,0.0001831754,0.0003473659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993647,0.00008892627,0.00005402606,0.0003435535,0.00003508853,0.00011376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001820521,0.0000274194,0.000009897281,0.001413261,0.0003165201,0.0001384693,0.00009346545,0.005560121,0.03711491,0.8162434,0.02285395,0.1162104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002313091,0.000009212584,0.000002616936,0.001123104,0.000020245,0.000009215639,0.00000170116,0.001911656,0.03818627,0.07339635,0.8842434,0.0008649653],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003209696,0.006744079,0.0003451436,0.00002443564,0.0003772563,0.00005006143,0.000004755122,0.0004305858,0.9917027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4651542,0.007258731,0.001029786,0.0003642611,0.001521496,0.0000727129,0.0000981801,0.0005950753,0.5239055],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8613894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2248907695","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_6","title":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability Assessment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Sustainability; Global warming; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental impact of the energy industry; Fossil fuel; Energy engineering; Environmental economics; Energy (signal processing); Greenhouse effect; Thermal energy; Greenhouse; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Natural resource economics; Climate change; Energy conservation; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Renewable energy; Energy policy; Ecology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"İbrahim Dinçer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anand S. Joshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007791309044127639,"gpt":0.2641614323058015,"spread":0.2563701232616739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004672715,0.0007394322,0.0008103742,0.0003469516,0.0001441716,0.0001216359,0.0004436184,0.0008092827,0.004943378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009424937,0.0007076673,0.0003043851,0.00007054639,0.0006290074,0.0002225503,0.0007561712,0.0008747852,0.00004513137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003454678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005018977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01242807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001559121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964327,0.0001333678,0.0006778231,0.001106434,0.00066434,0.0009853898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981055,0.0001746811,0.0001633611,0.001053764,0.0001056585,0.0003970524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005739064,0.0001060424,0.001788304,0.0001158859,0.0001215451,0.0001795143,0.00005100045,0.005284054,0.00001793275,0.8463136,0.000186296,0.1457785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000552767,0.0001991491,0.01182723,0.00005453958,0.00002384217,0.00002122612,0.00007173821,0.0008634096,0.00002409866,0.4040715,0.5815442,0.0007463124],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02792708,0.003346264,0.00007936255,0.0003531422,0.0001990617,0.0004552965,0.00003746627,0.0001298138,0.9674725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6906068,0.001324956,0.0001134674,0.0001040572,0.0001709961,0.00009838913,0.00007404463,0.0001160363,0.3073913],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6626797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154162","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_4","title":"Determinants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"International Business and FDI","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02092611223507162,"gpt":0.2202020607960276,"spread":0.199275948560956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001423766,0.0003311181,0.0003518139,0.0006916179,0.00006254407,0.0001612168,0.0003930736,0.000262053,0.0006983696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004386013,0.0003447676,0.0001390292,0.0001103191,0.00005646861,0.0003270113,0.0003942299,0.0002071282,0.001599441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006678649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002650855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001483124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001992664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985054,0.000001246075,0.000397624,0.0004336517,0.0003603357,0.0003017856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992681,0.0000225187,0.0002635078,0.0003008242,0.0001356717,0.000009394076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001001804,0.000009860066,0.0004050517,0.00008189196,0.00001594029,0.0002823674,0.000002358938,0.0001011488,0.000006671965,0.9771998,0.002285687,0.01959921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000193556,0.000002404339,0.002504388,0.0004059266,0.0000187843,0.000002261846,0.00000152579,0.001015247,0.000008143777,0.1166698,0.8787574,0.0004205577],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005127373,0.0001401813,0.0000442881,0.0001691407,0.002180107,0.00006781351,0.000005545263,0.0001948978,0.9966853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05047853,0.0002462901,0.00003016398,0.001934882,0.004611799,0.00002874854,0.00007596735,0.0002211721,0.9423724],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8764718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254085680","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-06346-1_5","title":"Modeling","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Emphasis (telecommunications); Key (lock); Function (biology); Biochemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Systems engineering; Management science; Engineering; Materials science; Biology; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Erik Kjeang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007187026421240746,"gpt":0.1647436476864001,"spread":0.1575566212651594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009860989,0.0003527389,0.0004402021,0.0001878418,0.00002062801,0.00003157437,0.0001958825,0.0006233102,0.0003990157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003673827,0.0003676894,0.0001029593,0.00001958564,0.0000247927,0.00002591904,0.00006478174,0.0003053471,0.0001234748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000973636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001308098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008542671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006683619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998879,0.000005412521,0.0004056755,0.0002702016,0.0001480806,0.0002915921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995093,0.00001461644,0.00003184781,0.000356426,0.00001827003,0.00006957798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002865836,0.000001728355,1.379853e-7,0.0002968743,0.0000393156,0.00003259013,0.00001381179,0.8902135,0.0001874222,0.1063995,0.0003330622,0.002479148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001472512,0.000009382144,1.286799e-7,0.000374283,0.00001689081,0.000005125671,4.923564e-7,0.2777573,0.0003720657,0.01442344,0.7064292,0.0004644823],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008891477,0.01008214,0.002486908,0.000008342819,0.001784837,0.00004491677,0.00000504752,0.0003277798,0.9851711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2080513,0.06036824,0.001175107,0.0002170399,0.002244541,0.00003364337,0.00008831936,0.0008640211,0.7269578],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7060962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401585461","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65906-5_1","title":"Introduction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ghadertootoonchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armaghan Solaimanian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Davoudi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moein Moeini‐Aghtaie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004883964980824249,"gpt":0.1663978280005981,"spread":0.1615138630197739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009877962,0.0004156135,0.0003300674,0.0005338375,0.00001646086,0.00005175727,0.0002222804,0.0002994495,0.0008466172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004618887,0.000488388,0.00012198,0.0000841454,0.00004155857,0.00007114488,0.000148785,0.000424378,0.000572219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004535844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001200767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004209319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002156425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998592,0.000003402045,0.0003715824,0.0004798991,0.0002432817,0.0003098982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993129,0.00001359133,0.00002932695,0.0005670562,0.00001649495,0.00006061291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001800921,0.000002474564,5.943288e-7,0.0001061735,0.00009283012,0.00007916195,0.00001097677,0.2886134,0.00002816957,0.6658744,0.03906913,0.006120888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006757138,0.00001013852,0.00000804033,0.0001511563,0.00003384973,0.0000065206,0.000001440468,0.007744555,0.0002883136,0.02643982,0.9648121,0.0004365011],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001620311,0.005179503,0.001105318,0.0002396471,0.007723332,0.00005575768,0.000004816115,0.0008981167,0.9847773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004091877,0.003708212,0.0002297662,0.00007161091,0.006987388,0.00004472666,0.00005822949,0.0003454777,0.9844627],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.925743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154190","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_6","title":"Summary and Policy Implication","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Foreign direct investment; Power (physics); Fossil fuel; Economics; Business; Natural resource economics; Economic system; Engineering; Macroeconomics; Electrical engineering; Waste management","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02393175071795939,"gpt":0.2089239834233251,"spread":0.1849922327053657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000229695,0.000253461,0.0004862675,0.000674431,0.00004790929,0.00005666626,0.0002070704,0.0003169355,0.0001516123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003672727,0.0003235595,0.00008863065,0.00006965201,0.00005443174,0.0000732589,0.0002466695,0.0002156002,0.0003817067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003206006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003743803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001397191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003343316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984202,0.000002060609,0.0006534258,0.0005928423,0.00002982676,0.0003016741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999217,0.00004059263,0.0003112712,0.0003287654,0.000009829678,0.00009257358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004836161,0.000003568951,0.0006994939,0.0000226786,0.00003242102,0.000006322534,0.00004164071,0.00002178366,0.000001222209,0.9760495,0.0008482879,0.02226825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001307873,0.000008798359,0.004269315,0.00005096805,0.000001408187,0.000002213327,0.000001859106,0.00008649313,0.000004703625,0.3099993,0.6851842,0.0002598985],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009025992,0.006592359,0.00003652924,0.0007810222,0.0004259337,0.00009804193,0.00008315449,0.00007106458,0.9910093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02060578,0.02212635,0.0001888244,0.0004537201,0.0004840649,0.00003219042,0.00008082099,0.0001250838,0.9559032],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6843359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401585497","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65906-5_5","title":"Analyzing Optimization Results","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ghadertootoonchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armaghan Solaimanian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Davoudi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moein Moeini‐Aghtaie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007940055602674531,"gpt":0.1977763235563901,"spread":0.1898362679537156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009699364,0.0003153753,0.0002696105,0.00052525,0.00002441402,0.00009144536,0.0001558756,0.0003664435,0.0002150169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000233398,0.0003476774,0.00008753919,0.0001290722,0.00002638498,0.0001509194,0.00004088838,0.0003404807,0.00005972657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002380002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002958776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002231364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001286297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987881,0.000003781286,0.0005114203,0.000343269,0.0001594746,0.0001939744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995344,0.00002069295,0.00006141672,0.0002671331,0.00006001976,0.00005628851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005642989,0.000002057866,3.038606e-7,0.00005494064,0.00002888294,0.00001188174,0.00002887949,0.7804905,0.000007330237,0.2141511,0.0012359,0.003982568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001308679,0.000009546691,6.070871e-7,0.000428126,0.00002038797,0.000002373667,0.000002132303,0.6646801,0.0002262191,0.00461707,0.3295563,0.0003262422],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[9.074702e-7,0.004085025,0.100089,0.0000579598,0.0007525445,0.00005217523,0.00002554578,0.0005457831,0.8943911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01134415,0.01912365,0.0082747,0.0001228122,0.0007617286,0.00003940113,0.0007951971,0.0004166555,0.9591217],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3283204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367154139","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27990-4_1","title":"Introduction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Livelihood; Universal design; Millennium Development Goals; Energy poverty; Economic growth; Sustainable development; Population; Poverty; Pace; Environmental economics; Economics; Geography; Engineering; Political science; Agriculture","authors":[{"name":"Tareq Mahbub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009906771949593721,"gpt":0.1854149925907595,"spread":0.1755082206411658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001900832,0.0003268973,0.0002699639,0.0001183544,0.0000596991,0.00001874507,0.0002652205,0.0003605525,0.01125337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002434413,0.0003506883,0.00009729881,0.00007762561,0.0001950344,0.0001309095,0.0003675492,0.0003149179,0.004276776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004227994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000815977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005066948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00116716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982952,0.00001474368,0.000305318,0.0006147848,0.0003888958,0.000381015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991971,0.00003001313,0.0001185966,0.0005377377,0.000001749179,0.0001147593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000439058,0.00006122082,0.0005266885,0.0000221015,0.00006167564,0.0002598077,0.00009862684,0.2685186,0.000640545,0.5572121,0.09386908,0.07868568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001194781,0.00003103452,0.003095765,0.00003645494,0.00001171523,0.000006397765,0.000001646227,0.00005787322,0.0002646894,0.02713133,0.9688573,0.0003863236],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005060287,0.00009893971,0.00007862773,0.0006471411,0.0009272293,0.00005253312,0.000004172922,0.0001535391,0.9975318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009664089,0.001604544,0.000152382,0.0002955964,0.0009281802,0.00001403966,0.00004828034,0.0001206535,0.9871722],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8749882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401585442","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65906-5_2","title":"How to Use Pyomo","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in energy","topic":"Migration, Identity, and Health","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ghadertootoonchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armaghan Solaimanian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Davoudi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moein Moeini‐Aghtaie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03694680494506162,"gpt":0.2928725196554453,"spread":0.2559257147103837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003924537,0.0002405598,0.0003324105,0.0004032893,0.0002474587,0.000579133,0.0003394363,0.0004051646,0.0003539877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001156869,0.0002707505,0.0001343771,0.0001344555,0.0001341912,0.0002394059,0.0001322947,0.0003048112,0.0001820545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004769403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003286618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04010789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5046836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981689,0.00002745111,0.0002856175,0.0005236834,0.0005653519,0.0004289994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991331,0.0000661552,0.00009113859,0.0003484471,0.0001032977,0.0002579252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004235546,0.000007147004,0.0001805,0.00004362024,0.00001476936,0.00003729631,0.002648738,0.00001213014,0.000002607155,0.9842687,0.01054645,0.002233848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003689512,0.00001726844,0.000206967,0.0001789955,0.00001425839,4.817598e-7,0.00007453852,0.00000362383,0.000005885596,0.1356051,0.8636076,0.0002483927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004770295,0.002141417,0.0001962243,0.00505313,0.002804459,0.0002175753,0.00002396234,0.0001967811,0.9888894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01716532,0.007724267,0.000205968,0.0008274385,0.001897431,0.00001996176,0.00001338186,0.00006620558,0.9720801],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8530611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}