{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":16,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":16,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"aebfcbac4af7","filters":{"venue":"Studies in Language"}},"results":[{"id":"W2276553161","doi":"10.1075/sl.39.3.06sie","title":"Exclamative clauses in English and their relevance for theories of clause types","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Predicate (mathematical logic); Dependent clause; Computer science; Point (geometry); Cognitive grammar; Relevance (law); Philosophy; Mathematics; Psychology; Sentence; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05729216453637449,"gpt":0.31411003133911,"spread":0.2568178668027355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003478365,0.00009274306,0.0002373712,0.00007240304,0.00003857069,0.00001604163,0.00006062235,0.00002357301,0.00001020938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005439893,0.00006893084,0.00001701093,0.00003077856,0.0003273752,0.00007726459,0.00005183218,0.00005464584,9.213035e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003317487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001540775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003145256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009032943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994556,0.00004338002,0.0002047546,0.0001202992,0.00006053527,0.0001154182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998817,0.0007365737,0.00008692242,0.0001027755,0.0002442084,0.00001247266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003239264,0.0000175602,0.0006744632,0.00007419922,0.00002788043,0.000001455311,0.6052948,0.000003058358,0.000007227979,0.39349,0.00007928276,0.0002977309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005873889,0.00008212656,0.0002728973,0.0001499765,0.00001169414,2.177692e-7,0.6803037,0.00004523117,0.0003601917,0.3166819,0.0014066,0.00009810619],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738919,0.007670429,0.00006553591,0.000648638,0.001496323,0.0003939582,0.00009478683,0.00004788514,0.01569061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987503,0.0001046647,0.0002820073,0.00003866467,0.0004718678,0.00003420387,0.000004624975,0.00001030797,0.0003034007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07680807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6512453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001094562","doi":"10.1075/sl.18044.kut","title":"The grammar of ‘non-realization’","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Linguistics; Realization (probability); Verb; Grammar; Computer science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Grammatical category; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Philosophy; Mathematics; Noun","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02751138107743658,"gpt":0.2977508744886425,"spread":0.2702394934112059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002250472,0.00006139361,0.0001280642,0.00003644202,0.0000988492,0.00001993933,0.0001009765,0.00001358394,0.0001370394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004329457,0.00004037995,0.00002671614,0.00003053209,0.0001610796,0.0000287322,0.00005127692,0.00004227523,0.00004570067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002346862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009166555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000950884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004750206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994798,0.00002532439,0.0001890514,0.00008404826,0.0001123216,0.0001094659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993942,0.0002319311,0.00008633298,0.0001766605,0.0001041741,0.000006668631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006886162,0.00001614595,0.002185763,0.0000634377,0.00005540196,0.000002427633,0.2874577,0.00001244258,0.00003585313,0.708789,0.0004228172,0.0009521363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001101623,0.0001418163,0.006789761,0.0002711518,0.00006536837,0.000001381445,0.8429453,0.0007954835,0.0004247941,0.1218664,0.02525993,0.0003370054],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8374212,0.002570026,0.00009245412,0.002898836,0.005774398,0.0005290228,0.00002641669,0.00005533077,0.1506323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956222,0.00008000246,0.00003836081,0.00004818737,0.0003654113,0.000008336446,0.000005592558,0.000008177247,0.003823722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5869226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2650727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070809183","doi":"10.1075/sl.33.2.03lef","title":"The contribution of relexification, grammaticalisation, and reanalysis to creole genesis and development","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Creole language; Grammaticalization; Linguistics; History; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0743620856397343,"gpt":0.4917059239414003,"spread":0.417343838301666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007271917,0.00003384295,0.00007996224,0.00004198153,0.0002798995,0.00001407065,0.00004298695,0.00001652765,0.000004821146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002096192,0.00002464707,0.000006501574,0.0001823269,0.000151842,0.00002308011,0.00001189903,0.00001895782,0.000001392197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004041384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004619306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006059317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002883476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994993,0.00008416563,0.0001576742,0.00007154029,0.00009929957,0.0000880416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995392,0.0002003728,0.00004341474,0.00006814284,0.0001150268,0.00003385898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001066977,0.00002688979,0.008012758,0.000008258502,0.00003134831,3.075674e-7,0.7985231,0.00000377996,0.000208375,0.0549597,0.0004701346,0.1377447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003726781,0.00003629223,0.3329302,0.00005413582,0.00003378598,3.798671e-7,0.5516477,0.00003519572,0.002113905,0.003268113,0.1093105,0.0001970928],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877496,0.00316821,0.0001244853,0.00746006,0.00004131869,0.0001628172,9.418613e-7,0.00001057591,0.001281973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998105,0.0007254775,0.0006496537,0.0002110612,0.00003861119,0.000009937002,0.000001619433,0.000001027065,0.0002575734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3249174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2509488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055204912","doi":"10.1075/sl.30.2.10ric","title":"A typology of good grammars","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Lexicography and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Rule-based machine translation; Computer science; Tree-adjoining grammar; Linguistics; Argumentation theory; Natural language processing; Context-free grammar; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02976109332587015,"gpt":0.2955595991640252,"spread":0.2657985058381551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001146329,0.000111634,0.000256995,0.0001353685,0.00009496784,0.000007522452,0.00009336611,0.0000240668,0.0003574853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004408951,0.00008495434,0.00008001648,0.00007339031,0.0008654553,0.00004924784,0.00006964324,0.00008077176,0.0000126679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001395304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005466847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002158143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02091405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993019,0.00003680622,0.0002284514,0.000135244,0.00008848713,0.0002091226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999633,0.0001029917,0.00006980554,0.0001347822,0.00005055817,0.00000888792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002040438,0.0001166272,0.004436302,0.0001212594,0.0001445528,0.00008645395,0.2428839,0.000002541816,0.00008674079,0.7463719,0.00466553,0.001063874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001476938,0.0002931945,0.005211808,0.0001784567,0.00008655844,0.000008099701,0.8795703,0.000002740659,0.0007092281,0.02693802,0.08503129,0.0004933372],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5506696,0.02783675,0.000002123283,0.000140361,0.0005946386,0.0001195372,0.00003339107,0.00004777116,0.4205559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958491,0.0001095762,0.0000766407,0.00009171793,0.0003883712,0.00002203331,0.000005578222,0.000008077008,0.003448888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7194338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038533496","doi":"10.1075/sl.30.2.06mit","title":"Grammars and the community","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exemplification; Grammar; Terminology; Linguistics; Presentation (obstetrics); Affect (linguistics); Generative grammar; Situated; Speech community; Rule-based machine translation; Computer science; Style (visual arts); Sociology; Artificial intelligence; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01855001104499747,"gpt":0.3197268878135062,"spread":0.3011768767685087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007111573,0.00007813858,0.0001340287,0.00004507151,0.0001878193,0.00004845976,0.0005318042,0.00002333022,6.119299e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001914062,0.00004497656,0.00001889457,0.0002219659,0.0004111791,0.0001272364,0.0006313145,0.0002629813,0.00000120129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002481692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005214953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001325312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007542731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993485,0.0001978718,0.000115222,0.000103922,0.00009559969,0.0001388807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992232,0.0003530708,0.00003906088,0.0003517187,0.00002469289,0.00000822943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001794222,0.0000520022,0.001168665,0.00008995213,0.0000249482,0.0001039682,0.04534952,0.000002559444,0.0003850595,0.9090145,0.002698078,0.04109277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001580928,0.00004480692,0.001609239,0.0001326677,0.00001081992,0.00006608561,0.009792433,0.0008006719,0.003387265,0.9816635,0.0005874434,0.0003241229],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4897191,0.4072937,0.07847449,0.007855933,0.0006769029,0.0009027586,0.000004795849,0.00170621,0.01336606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9372218,0.00007898374,0.06215517,0.0003388609,0.0000318983,0.00001982865,5.773805e-7,0.000003488107,0.0001494395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4475026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2003484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017588216","doi":"10.1075/sl.24.2.03bec","title":"Semantic agents, syntactic subjects, and discourse topics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transitive relation; Linguistics; Sentence; Centrality; Subject (documents); Point (geometry); Computer science; Space (punctuation); Philosophy; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03703336204927567,"gpt":0.3132009447173331,"spread":0.2761675826680575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000147319,0.0001314047,0.0002125615,0.00006618022,0.0001663917,0.00006017659,0.00007785108,0.00002587533,0.001275827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002827558,0.0001124918,0.00002830273,0.00003194631,0.0002494505,0.00008769258,0.00004407414,0.0000986904,0.00006905502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004366285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009042269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001240992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006138979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992185,0.00004420499,0.0002027273,0.0001970046,0.0001271195,0.0002105009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996081,0.0001113631,0.00004523282,0.000176437,0.00003261814,0.00002626532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000242578,0.0001149102,0.003525057,0.0002795539,0.0001826136,0.0002592673,0.7826585,0.00000633209,0.000009178933,0.1925337,0.0007049963,0.01970171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002186953,0.0002294421,0.01949483,0.0008154393,0.0004091749,0.00004432604,0.8807315,0.0007680496,0.0001188034,0.06450684,0.02951881,0.00117584],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590412,0.002486638,0.00000471454,0.004373798,0.001049433,0.0001808124,0.00001407296,0.00006239384,0.03278692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898927,0.0004671723,0.00008485638,0.0002083943,0.001087139,0.00001239639,0.000006898279,0.00001546492,0.008225001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1280268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972909941","doi":"10.1075/sl.17032.lau","title":"Questioning the clause as a crosslinguistic unit in grammar and interaction","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Focus (optics); Grammar; Relative clause; Unit (ring theory); Dependent clause; Computer science; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0801367033530726,"gpt":0.4050001013727597,"spread":0.3248633980196871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003009814,0.0001032276,0.0001499701,0.00009032858,0.0001610578,0.0001462872,0.0001511372,0.00002121904,0.0002647278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003337798,0.00007021469,0.00001943668,0.00005822005,0.0003759599,0.0001348826,0.0001386932,0.0002372832,0.0000695589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000345533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001722801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002984068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03072387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993176,0.0001144274,0.0001921075,0.0001357257,0.00009107768,0.0001489922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992391,0.0003474336,0.00006863038,0.0002819433,0.00005099691,0.00001193349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002625743,0.00003550733,0.007417935,0.00006258702,0.00004017582,0.00003110575,0.6005558,0.00003660131,0.00003133671,0.3906438,0.0001165633,0.001002306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004900849,0.00004888024,0.004450283,0.0002884364,0.00001457585,0.000008689392,0.9702392,0.00008058362,0.00001810805,0.005935299,0.01826235,0.0001635772],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8838709,0.005573448,6.207447e-7,0.0003419151,0.0004084338,0.0001852734,0.000003710572,0.00003728528,0.1095784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958346,0.0002498757,0.00002105767,0.0001880725,0.0001430112,0.00003521437,0.000006845498,0.00001071081,0.003510633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3847085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9869629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2725857422","doi":"10.1075/sl.41.3.01ono","title":"Negative scope, temporality, fixedness, and right- and left-branching","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Morpheme; Linguistics; Scope (computer science); Word order; Grammar; Utterance; Dependent clause; Cognitive grammar; Computer science; Psychology; Cognition; Philosophy; Sentence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0970737162012218,"gpt":0.3916675484700567,"spread":0.2945938322688349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002764346,0.0001556438,0.0002701186,0.00005735618,0.001078589,0.0004366371,0.0002776962,0.00002742282,0.0001935556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002308076,0.0001163005,0.00002224475,0.00001109962,0.001689371,0.000580421,0.0005247928,0.000161934,0.000007683715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001873785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000159869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002039421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02979808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992352,0.00007860926,0.000187462,0.000211015,0.0001083259,0.0001794478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990745,0.0001601356,0.0001453477,0.0005334628,0.00005571292,0.00003081583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001967834,0.00004617674,0.008584095,0.0002133447,0.0001439647,0.00007839837,0.74299,4.682777e-7,0.00005871731,0.2431222,0.001877259,0.002865708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001735803,0.00008322582,0.0325902,0.0007149637,0.00006551349,0.00001666148,0.9141455,0.00001851849,0.0004664736,0.03185972,0.01761813,0.0006853027],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7582105,0.01851658,0.00000121607,0.0009216014,0.0002719852,0.0001779726,0.00002977733,0.00004684485,0.2218235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955663,0.0009850539,0.0001227091,0.0001280694,0.0001976983,0.00001297793,0.000004138459,0.00001322835,0.002969815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2373558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9879056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547966149","doi":"10.1075/sl.39.4.03kou","title":"Arbitrariness and iconicity in total reduplication","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","keywords":"Iconicity; Reduplication; Arbitrariness; Linguistics; Interpretation (philosophy); Simplicity; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05789550403047492,"gpt":0.3775393698244474,"spread":0.3196438657939725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003324876,0.00008957291,0.0001724077,0.00009514738,0.00001848763,0.000007323874,0.00005534041,0.00005614355,0.00004539041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001613155,0.00007791699,0.0000159935,0.0001906139,0.0001023304,0.00006167142,0.00005885732,0.0001271629,0.00003509043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004905121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001046122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008575839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008598696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999276,0.00008552382,0.0001652707,0.000221913,0.00007907662,0.0001721577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996676,0.00005814309,0.00003853285,0.0001697992,0.0000326978,0.00003317804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005505356,0.0008505402,0.1163657,0.000179689,0.0002696633,0.001041135,0.7408757,0.00001097001,0.002010032,0.04093971,0.003804056,0.09310222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005807041,0.0002302175,0.4692043,0.0001336971,0.00005437199,0.0001525578,0.5110499,0.00004915606,0.0009698364,0.01110627,0.0006600515,0.0005826131],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9477612,0.0101466,0.00001678159,0.0001129467,0.0003711297,0.000167516,0.000004700808,0.00003070471,0.04138847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998697,0.00005049284,0.00006619464,0.0001636853,0.000115265,0.00008883767,0.000009390759,0.000008081537,0.0008010763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3528386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3177362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980385308","doi":"10.1075/sl.37.1.04pel","title":"Analogy, automation and diagrammatic causation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Analogy; Lexicalization; Diagrammatic reasoning; Linguistics; Numeral system; Kinship; Inflection; Suffix; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0825045281939697,"gpt":0.5103338590545484,"spread":0.4278293308605787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002358559,0.00003662537,0.00006651682,0.00006082923,0.0001187585,0.00002160285,0.00003398036,0.00002494217,0.0001672839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008158726,0.00003228443,0.000007819213,0.0001284851,0.0001700032,0.0001015991,0.00001481346,0.00003549091,0.00005025333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005116243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002566526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01190025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008522147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995734,0.00008933613,0.00009280419,0.00006633104,0.00007021408,0.0001078817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997211,0.0001337344,0.00003067416,0.0000499171,0.00003531779,0.00002929587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[4.736764e-7,0.00001713351,0.009131583,0.00003184041,0.00001039073,9.467805e-7,0.8846499,0.000002517334,0.00005390757,0.01643458,0.001651607,0.08801507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003114733,0.0000178502,0.2077212,0.00004308549,0.00001009946,8.178642e-7,0.7747801,0.0004579395,0.00004705765,0.007559334,0.00887162,0.0001794507],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719349,0.001040779,0.00001032168,0.001925715,0.0002140555,0.0001928162,4.86493e-7,0.00003781274,0.0246431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977845,0.0002520203,0.0001580912,0.0002501206,0.0001377262,0.00003805181,0.000002034875,0.00000220173,0.00137528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1985896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092282567","doi":"10.1075/sl.37.4.02mel","title":"The notion of inflection and the expression of nominal gender in Spanish","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Diminutive; Linguistics; Noun; Inflection; Mathematics; Expression (computer science); Agreement; Nominalization; Class (philosophy); Philosophy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03497340668948841,"gpt":0.2902966395959301,"spread":0.2553232329064417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002947008,0.00007064462,0.0001733104,0.0000407423,0.0001473666,0.00001936076,0.00006732893,0.00001498575,0.00004775051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000431816,0.00003495256,0.00002657649,0.00003377685,0.0007827556,0.00003693069,0.00009600481,0.00007778862,0.000001148499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001273842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004452783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002204372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00594774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994312,0.00005628241,0.0002337171,0.00008117972,0.00009299713,0.0001046312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937,0.0003193137,0.0001006525,0.0001054088,0.00009865322,0.000005904226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009617794,0.00004827704,0.002257986,0.000146152,0.00006968079,0.000003986046,0.8890394,0.00001000128,0.001691437,0.1025225,0.0008214519,0.003292966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001877329,0.00008713097,0.02193975,0.0002129064,0.00003739109,0.000001632612,0.9608286,0.0001024873,0.002399498,0.009854583,0.002498886,0.0001598178],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9545884,0.01275948,0.000002901244,0.0001005838,0.0003535947,0.0002388154,0.00000382694,0.00000593202,0.03194645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989167,0.000491823,0.00002418991,0.00003059754,0.000171893,0.00004147776,6.696704e-7,0.000004832509,0.0003177556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09266791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3332365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197187157","doi":"10.1075/sl.19062.ros","title":"Synchrony and diachrony of postverbal negation in Jodï-Sáliban","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Negation; Linguistics; Computer science; Geography; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02935798730795593,"gpt":0.2929124079286674,"spread":0.2635544206207114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001608301,0.00008331132,0.0002101761,0.00007743856,0.00004868218,0.00002051982,0.00004141073,0.00002523789,0.0001589493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007865002,0.00008005506,0.00002112729,0.00005077631,0.0001733646,0.0000679552,0.00007706189,0.00007129263,0.000004500005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006077165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002292498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001158273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01836794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993219,0.00005511859,0.000242159,0.0001496068,0.0001070207,0.0001242267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995443,0.00016451,0.00007147081,0.0001175372,0.00009026653,0.00001194365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001582352,0.0001071595,0.01301216,0.0003311968,0.00007766742,0.0001364851,0.7415528,0.00001265314,0.0005738601,0.2411356,0.0001505669,0.002893978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002528535,0.000162735,0.08080544,0.0009815149,0.0001010103,0.00001260946,0.8596309,0.0007563882,0.003044675,0.05012438,0.001296057,0.0005557138],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843885,0.00426358,0.000009809612,0.001355141,0.0007314383,0.00009657544,0.00001924581,0.00001656087,0.00911913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988657,0.0001446391,0.0001660326,0.00006600134,0.0003465801,0.00000728129,0.00001376471,0.000008938338,0.0003810293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1910112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980585772","doi":"10.1075/sl.18062.duf","title":"<i>Must/need, may/can</i> and the scope of the modal auxiliary","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Negation; Infinitive; Subject (documents); Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Modal verb; Conflation; Modality (human–computer interaction); Lexicalization; Philosophy; Epistemology; Argument (complex analysis); Realization (probability); Natural (archaeology); Computer science; Verb; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01754147435303536,"gpt":0.3167474831571197,"spread":0.2992060088040843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004593077,0.0001207468,0.0002663224,0.0000405456,0.00006077871,0.000007081807,0.0002098786,0.00005620451,0.0002710725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000106134,0.00006022088,0.00007465771,0.0001939443,0.0005105624,0.00003056642,0.0001909696,0.0001868072,0.00004766866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001545051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001131432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005535507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000327021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990019,0.000249449,0.0002015094,0.0002008428,0.0001487452,0.0001976055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991767,0.0002650928,0.00008610372,0.0004233943,0.00003383272,0.00001485551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001900982,0.0005063036,0.0640346,0.0007281498,0.001826874,0.0001889115,0.7052014,0.0000167934,0.004432177,0.1364091,0.02256817,0.06218658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01942071,0.0002999046,0.1127225,0.0005933008,0.0004443909,0.000136661,0.8438322,0.00002870866,0.004789479,0.01192233,0.005004262,0.0008055256],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8564851,0.03154353,0.000002245046,0.0006361359,0.001000689,0.0004423531,0.00002184122,0.0000166523,0.1098514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930034,0.0003737318,0.00001773943,0.001094728,0.0001117517,0.00005151696,0.000002285446,0.00001273835,0.005332067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1386309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2968054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3095319236","doi":"10.1075/sl.20023.col","title":"Plains Cree animacy–inanimacy hierarchy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"First Nations University of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Animacy; Noun; Linguistics; Plural; History; Hierarchy; Context (archaeology); Geography; Philosophy; Archaeology; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08221409350752872,"gpt":0.3213431846703891,"spread":0.2391290911628604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013976,0.0001558969,0.0002675846,0.00007037715,0.000183179,0.00005186307,0.0001769882,0.00002520985,0.0006516502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001375508,0.0001397869,0.00005335933,0.00006390776,0.0002413877,0.00008635127,0.0001521452,0.000156611,0.0001769507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005852045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001843539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004965952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003805775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989902,0.00004838816,0.0002700568,0.0002540401,0.0001822986,0.0002549542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994617,0.0001705113,0.00007808134,0.0001554778,0.00008677374,0.00004741881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003394766,0.00003732763,0.0006846993,0.0001103957,0.00008388205,0.0001594734,0.6746604,0.000004731283,0.0001566505,0.3212675,0.002041949,0.0007590121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002611657,0.0005033402,0.001912789,0.0002677993,0.0001433573,0.000007094859,0.8194697,0.001306523,0.0005830732,0.04764393,0.1245255,0.001025217],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6842638,0.005429504,0.0001337255,0.06627537,0.003325848,0.000720411,0.0002100245,0.0005382951,0.2391031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950038,0.00005524122,0.0002910063,0.001250483,0.002468999,0.00001828831,0.00001613109,0.00002505963,0.000870952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3107401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7135112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807388476","doi":"10.1075/sl.17008.ham","title":"From #[Je]F suis Charlie to #JeSuisCharlie","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"Universität zu Köln","keywords":"Subject (documents); Sentence; Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Reading (process); Focus (optics); Solidarity; Sociology; Philosophy; Computer science; Epistemology; Political science; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05402437850999996,"gpt":0.3226654458596016,"spread":0.2686410673496016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002091936,0.0001624459,0.0002657718,0.0001124034,0.0001987157,0.00006793556,0.00019181,0.00003427309,0.003162396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001210034,0.0001436644,0.00004155292,0.00004640209,0.0002804358,0.00006832818,0.0001692526,0.00009315649,0.0018354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000787099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001355271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005260779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01588177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989136,0.00003838556,0.0002692399,0.0002972014,0.000191702,0.000289835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991982,0.0001998644,0.0000692342,0.0003087474,0.0001772746,0.00004668507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002472521,0.00004725973,0.0006285907,0.00002223467,0.0001174551,0.00004203857,0.8908691,5.717022e-7,0.0001561984,0.1000733,0.006327178,0.001691276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001472017,0.0004084448,0.004994864,0.0004863973,0.0001335173,0.000002167984,0.780378,0.0001139682,0.002045765,0.1028317,0.1060822,0.001050902],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9052537,0.001188813,0.00008092637,0.009643331,0.008260707,0.0003583237,0.0001742559,0.0001864873,0.07485347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985212,0.00002046068,0.0005833005,0.0007775531,0.01054344,0.00003145747,0.00001994306,0.00002557694,0.002786297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1104911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061228083","doi":"10.1075/sl.25.3.11con","title":"Review of Aikhenvald (2000): Classifiers : a typology of noun categorization devices","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Language","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Typology; Noun; Computer science; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; History; Philosophy; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03259605119647758,"gpt":0.3620612829171284,"spread":0.3294652317206508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003715628,0.0001059517,0.0003405325,0.0001423654,0.00002527391,0.000004684125,0.0005238071,0.0000510219,0.00001352694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004468773,0.00008437167,0.000041071,0.0007749935,0.0001612767,0.0001794987,0.0002361474,0.0001041928,0.000001867073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006181912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005598402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001177442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001141915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990456,0.00008129375,0.0003469,0.0002069802,0.0001496564,0.0001696058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991376,0.0001055286,0.0002299239,0.0003448947,0.0001648123,0.00001727542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009647621,0.0006363681,0.02660487,0.05591509,0.0005219905,0.0007127071,0.1102744,0.00001321138,0.0229848,0.3327554,0.01629966,0.433185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009474037,0.005251826,0.01924494,0.2155061,0.001008863,0.001490416,0.09386388,0.005329789,0.3260192,0.2297715,0.08429527,0.008744273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00780106,0.9595762,0.02699283,0.001002253,0.0003099445,0.0003209091,0.000003918312,0.0001808819,0.003812022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8957756,0.03526738,0.06767451,0.001087654,0.00003934668,0.00002600545,0.000004848414,0.000009549455,0.0001150798],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9243088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3440577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}