{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":12,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"4366d68cf69a","filters":{"venue":"Surface Innovations"}},"results":[{"id":"W2577462160","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.17.00002","title":"Contact angles and wettability: towards common and accurate terminology","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":502,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Terminology; Ambiguity; Interpretation (philosophy); Confusion; CLARITY; Meaning (existential); Pace; Wetting; Epistemology; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Psychology; Philosophy; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05823468437662412,"gpt":0.3240559207217789,"spread":0.2658212363451548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004327294,0.0001259028,0.0002088303,0.00004210423,0.0008037446,0.0003280505,0.0002245826,0.00008759209,0.0001739753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002834677,0.0001141735,0.00001504326,0.00007893235,0.0004229294,0.0004302515,0.0001724609,0.0001109738,0.00003875278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002261547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005781231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006794778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002376398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990634,0.00006575585,0.0002563446,0.0003089283,0.0001072964,0.0001982407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989685,0.00008670577,0.0001439901,0.0005950691,0.0001480797,0.00005768702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001778601,0.00004910468,0.1610627,0.00001873496,0.000007542269,0.000003625272,0.0005114756,0.00001009965,0.8245397,0.009949771,0.0002396645,0.003589865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005026099,0.00005129399,0.8851786,0.00001375135,0.00001147299,0.0000169173,0.0002925373,0.0007993578,0.1057457,0.002371294,0.004778279,0.0002381272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916773,0.0000920621,0.0001221411,0.005650281,0.0002483929,0.0001835952,0.00007248906,0.00007755989,0.001876162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983556,0.00003084341,0.001095448,0.000233883,0.00001697307,0.000008585964,0.000009992264,0.000009210697,0.0002394921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.724116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6181835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3046739482","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.20.00037","title":"Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/epoxy coatings: a review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Silsesquioxane; Epoxy; Materials science; Coating; Nanocomposite; Surface modification; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Polymer; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05692342800569885,"gpt":0.3467228873346712,"spread":0.2897994593289724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004659798,0.0006607096,0.002361545,0.00009292752,0.0002263289,0.0001401205,0.0008539597,0.0002523232,0.002263258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007187453,0.0005824001,0.0004166359,0.003055325,0.0001640026,0.0002020172,0.0002608373,0.0006489208,0.00298759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001686874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001074087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005121328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001839847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964241,0.0001477969,0.001580688,0.000834497,0.0004720622,0.0005408988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973965,0.0002638538,0.0009859558,0.0008971296,0.0002941057,0.0001624483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006169502,0.0002800329,0.00001551741,0.2836096,0.0002277124,0.0002397545,0.0002107442,0.00000499499,0.06806441,0.001929877,0.1562502,0.489161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007310048,0.00002524785,2.778611e-7,0.02301325,0.0003960826,0.0001265991,0.00002403508,5.705333e-7,0.001559332,0.00002373052,0.9741617,0.0005961017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003959208,0.9939167,0.00001931982,0.0006980252,0.0004934818,0.000879857,0.0003096159,0.0003440614,0.002943056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006035524,0.9955881,0.0009482563,0.001233602,0.0003010537,0.0001463614,0.0004896214,0.00009604207,0.001136658],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8179114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049474933","doi":"10.1680/si.13.00046","title":"Understanding the anti-icing behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Alberta","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Icing; Frost (temperature); Supercooling; Freezing point; Materials science; Drop (telecommunication); Snow; Ice formation; Differential scanning calorimetry; Defrosting; Freezing-point depression; Surface roughness; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09213399390635457,"gpt":0.2823032739588903,"spread":0.1901692800525357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001322784,0.0001766589,0.0002649923,0.0000959239,0.0005331413,0.00009486033,0.0004164278,0.00008502519,0.0005982813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001906697,0.0001328744,0.00006505166,0.001067167,0.0003708298,0.0002452755,0.00007853308,0.0001739196,0.0001386958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009349134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008346338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004504815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982169,0.0001925183,0.0005555884,0.0003109215,0.0004111246,0.0003129514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985367,0.0003597972,0.0001881886,0.000611492,0.0002558223,0.0000480037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000363187,0.0000645056,0.02338969,0.00001079287,0.00000534339,3.664109e-7,0.0006316433,0.01032244,0.9466608,0.01864367,0.0002433385,0.00002377181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006333846,0.00007989845,0.04241772,0.00005180955,0.00006174391,0.00001117605,0.003350578,0.01514635,0.9338186,0.002344701,0.001581248,0.0005027838],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807841,0.00003441692,0.01523097,0.0009066322,0.0005243337,0.000288486,0.00002929301,0.0001219303,0.002079876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982567,0.000007652529,0.00128783,0.0001557601,0.00002979924,0.00001188046,0.00001358964,0.00002362922,0.0002131445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01902803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.655076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2783460354","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.17.00064","title":"The most stable state of a droplet on anisotropic patterns: support for a missing link","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Wetting; Contact angle; Materials science; Capillary action; Surface tension; Electrowetting; Anisotropy; Capillary number; Mechanics; Drop (telecommunication); Traverse; Rotational symmetry; Base (topology); Asymmetry; Sessile drop technique; Capillary pressure; Dewetting; Composite material; Optics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03492245638020969,"gpt":0.2931773891009248,"spread":0.2582549327207151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006488396,0.0001237093,0.0001571445,0.00005146875,0.000616394,0.0001191476,0.0002638148,0.00004105793,0.0003137088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002450856,0.00009363731,0.00003502247,0.0005250145,0.0002149388,0.0001348655,0.00004037203,0.00007777786,0.0001171407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005161749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002041289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001300836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009990793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986852,0.00005902497,0.0004560531,0.0002520602,0.0002445503,0.0003031306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982965,0.000262613,0.000183853,0.0004814427,0.0007341655,0.00004144901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006630224,0.0000782299,0.002849376,0.00002229267,0.00001118761,3.812619e-7,0.0006502668,0.0004000172,0.9864177,0.004516131,0.002321269,0.002666842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006006982,0.0003715281,0.008534956,0.00003773292,0.00001073138,0.000001511256,0.0002605636,0.004754237,0.9275426,0.002287915,0.05537089,0.0002266878],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.976974,0.00001222329,0.01764902,0.003590127,0.0004335654,0.0004002463,0.0003323224,0.00006465302,0.0005438491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944954,0.000008543105,0.003653247,0.0004574832,0.00005614338,0.00002472658,0.00003641118,0.00001998823,0.00124807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05887515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4740867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2276225574","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.15.00003","title":"Hydrophobic nano-asperities in control of energy barrier during particle–surface interactions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"van der Waals force; Materials science; Particle (ecology); RADIUS; Chemical physics; Nanometre; Surface energy; Colloid; Nano-; Interaction energy; SPHERES; Surface (topology); Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Electrolyte; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry; Molecule; Geometry; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01868422254728653,"gpt":0.2626344281246659,"spread":0.2439502055773794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002136961,0.000103874,0.0001471255,0.00005302135,0.00007176577,0.00002187317,0.0001139342,0.00004192139,0.001197852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007358645,0.0001074513,0.00002840953,0.0008132373,0.0001205102,0.0004093669,0.00004321661,0.00008593705,0.00007244344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001379693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000328669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008346075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000856819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989322,0.00007310855,0.0004321724,0.0001737282,0.0002194482,0.0001692823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995123,0.00004383158,0.0001137057,0.0001962086,0.000069622,0.00006439941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002350251,0.00009144611,0.05576278,0.000003184538,0.000006627753,0.000001432836,0.0008950258,0.03237059,0.9046466,0.004406848,0.00172161,0.00007037681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001315428,0.0000758309,0.02311539,0.00002687,0.000008379619,0.000007363001,0.00104058,0.02374835,0.9305072,0.002076251,0.01774887,0.0003294707],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892367,0.00002771287,0.001883766,0.0005391401,0.0000941196,0.0001214879,0.00001720759,0.00007107117,0.008008809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943383,0.000007472377,0.001352815,0.0002008792,0.00000965743,0.00001941811,0.00001072464,0.00001138492,0.0040494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03264739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091925362","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.15.00001","title":"Superhydrophobic laser-ablated stainless steel substrates exhibiting Cassie–Baxter stable state","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Contact angle; Wetting; Laser; Fluence; Nano-; Femtosecond; Hysteresis; Irradiation; Composite material; Laser ablation; Surface finish; Nanotechnology; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05278413842876489,"gpt":0.2739383556419987,"spread":0.2211542172132338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00152259,0.0003698467,0.0003939456,0.0001882088,0.0004675232,0.0004266624,0.0004267139,0.0001494232,0.001053548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002612853,0.0003594191,0.00006276654,0.00177739,0.000235144,0.0009134369,0.0001343194,0.0003291271,0.001336447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002987983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006189294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001020926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002612196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967251,0.0002471193,0.0008647863,0.0006785829,0.0006758372,0.0008085849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972744,0.0001694878,0.0002251238,0.0007390972,0.001302119,0.0002897664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000452071,0.0001890014,0.01421073,0.00002704433,0.0000141274,0.00002624062,0.002161856,0.03060133,0.9486388,0.0008481033,0.003176654,0.00006091474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001586161,0.0001061348,0.005104699,0.00005099096,0.00002436694,0.00002294706,0.005466981,0.008186234,0.9702897,0.001419622,0.006827008,0.0009151502],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930273,0.00009742945,0.0008373212,0.0009066534,0.0006258167,0.0004529753,0.0002497825,0.000498575,0.003304093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925383,0.000008821748,0.002623326,0.0003267519,0.00004973607,0.00003024878,0.0001510448,0.00006345915,0.004208275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02241509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296715058","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.22.01043","title":"Effect of g-family incorporation on corrosion behavior of PEO-treated titanium alloys: a review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Corrosion; Oxide; Graphene; Titanium dioxide; Titanium; Coating; Electrolyte; Plasma electrolytic oxidation; Chemical engineering; Composite number; Layer (electronics); Metallurgy; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Electrode","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06844861109064368,"gpt":0.362416013289418,"spread":0.2939674021987743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001593717,0.000440974,0.00172899,0.0003305779,0.0001729464,0.00002275313,0.000357102,0.0002217557,0.001884163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002604239,0.0003628258,0.0003772392,0.002362242,0.0001029132,0.0001823676,0.0001594594,0.000385183,0.0001243612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002417319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002951341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006929869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005174729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961461,0.0007122006,0.001692118,0.0004956588,0.0007417655,0.0002121755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965752,0.0004165268,0.001823245,0.0007634199,0.0003759935,0.00004561956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001170067,0.001317533,0.0001543445,0.08719812,0.00001190959,0.00001888005,0.00005214717,0.00004164611,0.5088647,0.0008790282,0.01360154,0.3877431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000692918,0.003603389,0.00003401222,0.0753645,0.003327221,0.00003135074,0.00002288014,0.000006672169,0.05583128,0.0000103088,0.860063,0.001012465],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01968447,0.9727962,0.0000727913,0.00002111827,0.001026334,0.004097829,0.001522655,0.0001317264,0.0006468667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001775787,0.9944875,0.0001538739,0.00004803665,0.00002419948,0.0005577149,0.002677386,0.00006408199,0.0002113983],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8464615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2261405283","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.15.00009","title":"Effect of extractives in plasma modification of wood surfaces","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; FPInnovations; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Contact angle; Wetting; Surface modification; Nitrogen; Dielectric barrier discharge; Oxygen; Materials science; Plasma; Atmospheric pressure; Solvent; Black spruce; Atmospheric-pressure plasma; Plasma cleaning; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Dielectric; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04742951074886279,"gpt":0.3171739928893603,"spread":0.2697444821404975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001745169,0.0001332479,0.0003087624,0.0001738951,0.00003735581,0.00001665945,0.0002290205,0.00009098433,0.00009596688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005915327,0.0001213276,0.00003533894,0.001152857,0.0001741811,0.0003301472,0.00003603677,0.0001069884,0.00005504514],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006524783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001483592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003518485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004046742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983598,0.0002790492,0.000602507,0.0002424647,0.0003435279,0.0001726492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985027,0.0003733551,0.0002781006,0.0003670202,0.000430893,0.00004798378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001029714,0.000146813,0.02135059,0.00003632879,0.000004704478,3.549011e-7,0.001028521,0.02704906,0.9482627,0.001698376,0.00007820046,0.0002413677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007366517,0.0001543149,0.009953299,0.00002551409,0.000007007525,9.894977e-7,0.0004638181,0.005971402,0.9822503,0.000221546,0.0001003678,0.0001147824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969165,0.00007191418,0.0003996564,0.0001960421,0.0002175957,0.0003213605,0.00005012255,0.00004360424,0.00178326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977841,0.000005441872,0.002028175,0.000006336195,0.000006822713,0.00001399729,0.00002094842,0.00001190297,0.0001223197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0339876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4947596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3198774900","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.21.00028","title":"New ellipse-fitting method for contact angle measurement","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Ellipse; Contact angle; Drop (telecommunication); Rotational symmetry; Materials science; Measure (data warehouse); Sessile drop technique; Work (physics); Optics; Curve fitting; Geometry; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics; Composite material; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03086930597556211,"gpt":0.2697037388723802,"spread":0.2388344328968181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003521982,0.0001092115,0.0001337679,0.00005509515,0.0001023705,0.00004847207,0.0000946369,0.00008167069,0.00002465427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003267093,0.0001219955,0.00004299265,0.0006736494,0.000005475605,0.00007999129,0.00001947072,0.0001556795,0.00001084286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001143552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001345972,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002406185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003302782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992421,0.00001199776,0.0002251559,0.0001535728,0.0001149285,0.0002522123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993144,0.00008507585,0.0000297466,0.0002165275,0.0003314525,0.00002274715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[9.915432e-7,0.000008099231,0.00008941824,0.00002590156,0.00005370732,9.824973e-7,0.00007320457,0.000759727,0.9148218,0.00736783,0.04316706,0.03363127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002309165,0.00001727886,0.00008514238,0.00003185067,0.00001425447,0.00000449608,0.0002715895,0.0006010898,0.8959153,0.001957546,0.1007328,0.0001376946],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06074696,0.003049212,0.930914,0.001908359,0.0003074325,0.0001739892,0.00001316524,0.001159462,0.001727375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5401025,0.0000620877,0.4587013,0.0001140783,0.00007205214,0.00002066656,0.00003029202,0.00004238287,0.0008546715],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4793555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.497483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2619920289","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.17.00010","title":"Robust superhydrophobic coatings from modified siloxane resin","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Semtech (Canada); York University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Contact angle; Coating; Durability; Composite material; Siloxane; Abrasion (mechanical); Surface energy; Superhydrophobic coating; Abrasive; Polymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08319146403209153,"gpt":0.2845566831447208,"spread":0.2013652191126292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006662292,0.000274704,0.0003390758,0.00008578911,0.001854862,0.0007092677,0.001012541,0.0001757355,0.002256347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006564152,0.0002729293,0.00007373453,0.0003115932,0.0004128934,0.0007533067,0.0002242335,0.0002742328,0.001476922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001676745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004395415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002863701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977032,0.0001041925,0.0006040375,0.0006601117,0.0004756295,0.0004528214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970902,0.0001746961,0.0003389464,0.001821822,0.0004505148,0.0001237969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002334112,0.00008948526,0.0053451,0.000005345654,0.000007295032,0.000005851688,0.0004161192,0.005802745,0.9825247,0.00328753,0.002405133,0.00008734519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001424276,0.00005222132,0.05158469,0.00006049445,0.00003447617,0.000005013072,0.0004888565,0.01283212,0.9230418,0.003652108,0.005948736,0.0008752031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829034,0.00005364514,0.003506837,0.003824522,0.0009097602,0.0003037154,0.0002634597,0.000290871,0.007943777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986857,0.00001174013,0.009845474,0.0003741025,0.0001124789,0.00002048697,0.0001162744,0.00004110783,0.002621338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0594829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208578224","doi":"10.1680/jsuin.21.00008","title":"Fabrication of Joule heating coating layers by way of flame spraying for membrane distillation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Joule heating; Materials science; Coating; Membrane distillation; Distilled water; Layer (electronics); Joule (programming language); Distillation; Fabrication; Resistive touchscreen; Heating element; Chemical engineering; Desalination; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Membrane; Process engineering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chromatography; Chemistry; Efficient energy use; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02305293375476084,"gpt":0.2752253149831688,"spread":0.2521723812284079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003416872,0.0000872247,0.000159097,0.00004190279,0.0001361028,0.00001378393,0.0001158524,0.00006845583,0.0002298076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001082798,0.00009576223,0.0000349373,0.001147489,0.0001110997,0.0002348822,0.00006599092,0.00007282788,0.000008253623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007080043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002573205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000111406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003660836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988894,0.00003051506,0.0005103189,0.0002063959,0.0002262424,0.0001371367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989595,0.0002134324,0.0003845958,0.0002456875,0.0001816464,0.00001515413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003557434,0.00003197973,0.02123936,0.00004039443,0.000007437237,4.316113e-8,0.0002281598,0.02508059,0.9484408,0.002165512,0.0008911717,0.00187098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002037279,0.00002420986,0.0046397,0.00002022364,0.000009597346,6.934584e-7,0.0007712886,0.01580216,0.9767417,0.0006935172,0.0009914468,0.0001017532],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9449308,0.00002848143,0.05010777,0.0005711677,0.00006497516,0.0002661626,0.0000613685,0.00006113377,0.003908171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.961588,0.000005763703,0.03782538,0.00002972527,0.00000678652,0.00001464061,0.0001573498,0.0000110578,0.0003612859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02830087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.390507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068901719","doi":"10.1680/si.13.00015","title":"Structure and bioactivity of Ti/bioactive glass ‘changing landscape coatings’","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Innovations","topic":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Government of Alberta","keywords":"Materials science; Simulated body fluid; Bioactive glass; Titanium; Coating; Scanning electron microscope; Titanium alloy; Alloy; Porosity; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0076301271780067,"gpt":0.2043849627785351,"spread":0.1967548356005284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007958343,0.0001267554,0.0001742788,0.0001285968,0.00004240963,0.00003466231,0.0000582266,0.00007437556,0.0001738488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003817833,0.0001308431,0.00001229335,0.0005519239,0.00003328643,0.0002306937,0.00003217336,0.0001097783,0.00001184493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000213431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000824815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003756066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004882855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994214,0.0000100166,0.0001923507,0.0001070483,0.00008588815,0.0001832582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996141,0.00005547176,0.00004784258,0.0001494012,0.0001052538,0.00002791557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001093909,0.000007224151,0.001978254,0.0000941571,0.00003924803,3.461494e-7,0.0005165531,0.01694011,0.9773419,0.001887527,0.0003943333,0.0007992278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000368775,0.00002987961,0.02554743,0.00006937797,0.00002102963,0.000008793358,0.0003896525,0.03957191,0.9318044,0.001328152,0.0004380792,0.0004224853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908158,0.00006718344,0.007935902,0.0001098732,0.0002523687,0.0001795937,0.00008171616,0.000215791,0.0003417905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939531,0.000004472126,0.005877626,0.000006116274,0.00003260735,0.000007191965,0.00001969075,0.00002972409,0.00006949142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0455375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5335628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}