{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":50,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":50,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"f47828d2c582","filters":{"venue":"Technologies"}},"results":[{"id":"W3156137414","doi":"10.3390/technologies9020028","title":"Review of Battery Management Systems (BMS) Development and Industrial Standards","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":458,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Reliability engineering; Key (lock); Energy storage; Management system; Computer science; Component (thermodynamics); Event (particle physics); Systems engineering; Energy management system; Energy management; Engineering; Embedded system; Energy (signal processing); Power (physics); Operations management; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03654751515533264,"gpt":0.2828954207211557,"spread":0.2463479055658231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002435519,0.0001460035,0.0002989579,0.0001818535,0.00003734757,0.00001978478,0.0002872019,0.000163938,0.000009559521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003750676,0.000135403,0.00002116646,0.0004723149,0.0001610748,0.00008172041,0.0005264093,0.000274171,0.000005082141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001595871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003530252,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.946093e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.723532e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989059,0.00001290203,0.0003165425,0.0002046158,0.0002979763,0.0002620843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993116,0.00005970775,0.00003848418,0.0004713788,0.0001040508,0.00001472462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000495621,0.00002207645,0.0003772815,0.02035784,0.0001755439,0.0001425144,0.00002246639,0.0002424602,0.001160932,0.002617036,0.04293858,0.9319383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004846129,0.00005418653,0.000105743,0.01552372,0.00003278546,0.00004932314,0.002986508,0.0003233617,0.2028348,0.0005369032,0.776567,0.0005010845],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0678151,0.8619714,0.02630159,0.002738906,0.001020411,0.001634891,0.0001391101,0.02448417,0.01389446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7162295,0.263718,0.01946159,0.00004636799,0.00001732708,0.0003297877,0.00001519858,0.00005543502,0.0001267553],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9314373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5521575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3037812697","doi":"10.3390/technologies8030037","title":"Autonomous Smart White Cane Navigation System for Indoor Usage","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Sight; Cloud computing; Computer science; Visual impairment; Internet of Things; Cane; The Internet; Visually impaired; Software; Human–computer interaction; Computer security; World Wide Web; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01349637025148814,"gpt":0.2056441103809842,"spread":0.1921477401294961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007226604,0.0002004647,0.0002487554,0.0001252597,0.00009933051,0.0000487844,0.0004021652,0.0003270892,0.000003411705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001433758,0.0001926028,0.00006430809,0.0004393551,0.00009887095,0.0001283419,0.00008545618,0.000205239,0.00005455915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001322235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001669378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005298541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003570595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990688,0.000005673165,0.0002722162,0.0002316987,0.0001081441,0.0003134468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995503,0.00003358867,0.00004973153,0.0002844235,0.00005460724,0.00002738489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002186365,0.000112643,0.02172939,0.01136981,0.0007578679,0.000279838,0.005445811,0.07861589,0.118279,0.1890558,0.1514318,0.4227035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009682328,0.0002518843,0.0002627604,0.0001496114,0.00005462896,0.00003171437,0.009191916,0.2399501,0.709617,0.0009467576,0.03779329,0.0007821398],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3157597,0.001817541,0.4409982,0.005281136,0.001093357,0.002130967,0.0002320589,0.2270807,0.00560629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949484,0.00002349515,0.004644939,0.00003244451,0.00003251484,0.0002117559,0.00003798298,0.00004288252,0.00002551574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6791888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7854113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034552264","doi":"10.3390/technologies8020034","title":"Influence of WC-Based Pin Tool Profile on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA1100 FSW Welds","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Tungsten carbide; Scanning electron microscope; Microstructure; Friction stir welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Composite material; Tungsten; Optical microscope; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0107015745684167,"gpt":0.2051804342123729,"spread":0.1944788596439562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003748309,0.0001378104,0.0002730493,0.0000967719,0.0000178248,0.000005734821,0.0002597201,0.0001857394,0.000002721718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002441757,0.0001124009,0.00004114358,0.000294478,0.0001692675,0.00005850921,0.0001021612,0.0002151705,0.000001177389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001918161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008882912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004701213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.132029e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993618,0.000006000332,0.000226742,0.0001666799,0.0001073935,0.0001313987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995898,0.00001968469,0.00006063423,0.0002762128,0.00004065803,0.00001300905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002701695,0.000007340227,0.0001742447,0.0003159902,0.00002554247,0.000001853538,0.00003737873,0.0402177,0.9524164,0.001219081,0.0001821755,0.005375254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001024055,0.0001479032,0.0001225998,0.0001188958,0.00001562502,8.299816e-7,0.00007908956,0.01968035,0.9785599,0.0008750071,0.0001774223,0.0001199523],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914897,0.0003159847,0.003879271,0.00055506,0.000006045603,0.0002099401,0.00001785154,0.00349921,0.00002692593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9711875,0.00009168435,0.02863323,0.00002923418,0.000003121006,0.00003526373,0.000001305345,0.00001736007,0.000001264475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02614349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4583574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2333210279","doi":"10.3390/technologies4020011","title":"The Effects of Thermal Treatment and Steam Addition on Integrated CuO/CaO Chemical Looping Combustion for CO2 Capture","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Natural Resources Canada; University of Calgary","funders":"Carbon Management Canada","keywords":"Pellets; Calcium looping; Thermogravimetric analysis; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Sorbent; Sorption; Physisorption; Composite number; Carbonation; Chemical looping combustion; Combustion; Composite material; Chemistry; Adsorption; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005619013565614494,"gpt":0.1962963554485795,"spread":0.190677341882965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002428801,0.0001175641,0.0001310941,0.00002334645,0.00004100842,0.000008012698,0.00009521344,0.0001512171,8.881281e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003669732,0.00005783919,0.00003188337,0.00006252642,0.0001568587,0.00002739401,0.00001870406,0.0000725667,0.000001277961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007076914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005096501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002662419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.644411e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995979,0.000003884468,0.0001037534,0.000110957,0.00004348388,0.0001400136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991697,0.0006307043,0.00002777713,0.0001328921,0.00002674178,0.00001218545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003306116,0.00001787442,0.000009934882,0.0001276307,0.00002920888,2.427398e-7,0.000016727,0.000005838795,0.87366,0.0004781108,0.0004448733,0.1251765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004468386,0.0001124758,0.000008417568,0.0003841443,0.00001567773,0.000001092714,0.00008496553,0.0002761261,0.9961995,0.001862456,0.000525364,0.00008291234],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956556,0.00166295,0.0005591981,0.0002909947,0.00005617224,0.0002069493,0.00002010119,0.001441834,0.0001062171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990935,0.000646659,0.0001062243,0.00000418848,0.00001380709,0.00009878255,0.00000859029,0.00001295047,0.0000153516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1250936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2358614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403869876","doi":"10.3390/technologies12110214","title":"Rice Leaf Disease Classification—A Comparative Approach Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Cascading Autoencoder with Attention Residual U-Net (CAAR-U-Net), and MobileNet-V2 Architectures","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Smart Agriculture and AI","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Convolutional neural network; Overfitting; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Autoencoder; Deep learning; Residual; Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning; Contextual image classification; Artificial neural network; Random forest; Algorithm; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04571586518062996,"gpt":0.2516466166863306,"spread":0.2059307515057007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001488542,0.0002484915,0.0002211971,0.00003768936,0.0004430729,0.0002044441,0.0002284697,0.0001485632,0.000009649972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002510413,0.00009008565,0.00005894905,0.0006239362,0.0004126779,0.0001550623,0.0001334783,0.0003201667,0.000006635787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004320005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001770841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007750771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001212783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985542,0.00007615319,0.0002031214,0.0005505743,0.0002484921,0.0003674591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995137,0.0002025603,0.00007665773,0.00008727391,0.00005506884,0.000064676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001182465,0.001006885,0.2918732,0.0007613266,0.001189749,0.0002841904,0.002552011,0.08147582,0.2914247,0.05687561,0.1069909,0.1643832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001893587,0.0002649805,0.8156585,0.0001826739,0.000140669,0.0001197944,0.003874119,0.171329,0.0002698085,0.002762159,0.004600002,0.0006090294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902299,0.004836579,0.0002785553,0.002133283,0.00009663197,0.0003757189,0.0000471686,0.00172366,0.0002785189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973834,0.00005580284,0.001860629,0.00005255987,0.0003129758,0.00007123551,0.0001422486,0.000002315281,0.0001188456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5237853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3673587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030802767","doi":"10.3390/technologies1010003","title":"Social Robots, Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuro/Cognitive Enhancers: Three Emerging Science and Technology Products through the Lens of Technology Acceptance Theories, Models and Frameworks","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Technology acceptance model; Cognition; Theory of reasoned action; Theory of planned behavior; Product (mathematics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Social cognitive theory; Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; Psychology; Cognitive science; Human–computer interaction; Social influence; Social psychology; Usability; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02975976171553078,"gpt":0.2940645140838281,"spread":0.2643047523682973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003042166,0.0003276507,0.0003973915,0.0005053284,0.0006718612,0.0001919498,0.001139597,0.000448442,0.000002761177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003769214,0.0002248901,0.0000176184,0.002177472,0.01246663,0.001215965,0.002076435,0.001048254,0.000001783697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002438148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005735762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003485949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002596755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977676,0.00004486568,0.0003298816,0.0009993148,0.0002910095,0.0005673243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984359,0.0005191636,0.0002628782,0.000469729,0.0002947391,0.00001762476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002966787,0.000055518,0.0006848827,0.00009757262,0.00002387072,0.000005060767,0.002372781,0.00001537047,0.4516698,0.2825607,0.0004535145,0.2620312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000227059,0.0002578601,0.0002162254,0.0001269852,0.0000138073,0.00006645715,0.005706071,0.003836278,0.6485759,0.3405489,0.0001691714,0.0002553063],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8729177,0.004875652,0.005115277,0.1142861,0.0001118799,0.000800027,0.0000112207,0.001587544,0.0002946595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956475,0.001343377,0.002395101,0.0004425407,0.00001762579,0.0001160666,2.339718e-7,0.00002172626,0.00001585736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2617759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9902208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515438841","doi":"10.3390/technologies4030028","title":"Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technologies for Mobility and Their Implications for Active Ageing","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychosocial; Active ageing; Wheelchair; Quality of life (healthcare); Gerontology; Psychology; Scale (ratio); Adaptability; Demographics; Social engagement; Medicine; Older people; Computer science; Demography; Sociology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1052239451189516,"gpt":0.4735296831428751,"spread":0.3683057380239236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005722018,0.000232034,0.0004759273,0.0002246629,0.0007819394,0.000003740045,0.0006890329,0.0007985054,0.000005267056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005479675,0.0001363567,0.0001962808,0.0002832115,0.001722813,0.000121748,0.0005010975,0.0003580671,0.000002230873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003628807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001837402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003739322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001020084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984793,0.0000811246,0.0004990486,0.0004515692,0.00003937488,0.0004495998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937869,0.003949491,0.0005151617,0.001180862,0.0005466299,0.00002095726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004064238,0.0002390224,0.2159603,0.0001396944,0.0002438062,4.121458e-8,0.0003935802,1.236833e-7,0.03855953,0.04709419,0.005822775,0.6911405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001342596,0.0004906252,0.7765818,0.0001458469,0.00003366,7.084231e-7,0.01171574,0.00001682257,0.009928207,0.1961824,0.003329094,0.0002324921],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8404044,0.0006631013,0.1066529,0.03344036,0.0001280268,0.00555191,0.002687766,0.009736112,0.0007354101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879702,0.0003569706,0.006265647,0.00001814821,0.00001091861,0.005297822,0.00001255745,0.00002085131,0.00004685345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.690908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6560079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979626260","doi":"10.3390/technologies7040073","title":"Psychosocial Impact of Powered Wheelchair, Users’ Satisfaction and Their Relation to Social Participation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychosocial; Wheelchair; Quality of life (healthcare); Psychology; Assistive technology; Adaptability; Gerontology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07434641870069797,"gpt":0.4552210860957536,"spread":0.3808746673950556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003458292,0.0001139885,0.0002330647,0.0001715735,0.0003063662,0.000003176961,0.0001454304,0.0004774247,0.00006389563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003924119,0.00009059682,0.00005603624,0.0002917239,0.000169395,0.0001024112,0.0001930973,0.0004412945,0.00007430355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002018736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006032408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000223808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002071215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990425,0.0001454779,0.0003270825,0.0001947677,0.0000776078,0.0002125719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998943,0.0002179219,0.0002602988,0.0004245123,0.0001359208,0.00001838021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000846182,0.00002995722,0.9489533,0.00002193612,0.00003109364,2.820938e-8,0.002767525,0.000001707848,0.01006911,0.004245263,0.001866447,0.03192897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003716292,0.0001686944,0.9882248,0.00003008061,0.000006536216,1.404948e-7,0.006438882,0.00006432722,0.0003455518,0.003872816,0.0003913835,0.00008512629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992008,0.00006397487,0.000548128,0.003584238,0.0001305222,0.0007983649,0.00002871951,0.001586498,0.001251521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992316,0.00005308779,0.0004639992,0.00004345523,0.00001047659,0.0001305393,0.000008479012,0.00001013619,0.00004827619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03927149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3694431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2492948219","doi":"10.3390/technologies4030022","title":"Measuring Outcomes for Children with Cerebral Palsy Who Use Gait Trainers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children","funders":"","keywords":"Cerebral palsy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Gross Motor Function Classification System; Gait; Physical therapy; Population; Psychological intervention; Trunk; Trainer; Medicine; Intervention (counseling); International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Gross motor skill; Psychology; Motor skill; Rehabilitation; Developmental psychology; Nursing; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04131764792004369,"gpt":0.2586305882029346,"spread":0.2173129402828909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008643526,0.0001948088,0.0003279199,0.000151083,0.00007030002,0.00001882283,0.0001526399,0.000129762,0.00001589409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004134234,0.00010023,0.000107128,0.0001240733,0.0002159656,0.0001624751,0.00005484626,0.00008973906,0.000009688835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004047681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002795159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003374767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007541572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990063,0.000005696224,0.0001712905,0.0002900861,0.0001714078,0.0003552597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999383,0.00007757488,0.00006575401,0.0003899075,0.00004877222,0.00003495006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001391694,0.00006761792,0.938701,0.00003468917,0.000254282,0.000002529957,0.00006279087,6.980483e-7,0.00164062,0.003734854,0.00443657,0.05092523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007215174,0.0007220982,0.9647269,0.0003248386,0.0001655313,0.00001648082,0.001011165,0.000005724989,0.01966574,0.001870343,0.003884004,0.000392012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817202,0.0001225245,0.001340855,0.01281795,0.00003236415,0.0009431716,0.00003282496,0.002607203,0.0003829143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955972,0.0000896325,0.002315784,0.0003634832,0.00001422639,0.0001199629,0.000008939405,0.00002886826,0.00146191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05053321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.408726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401713753","doi":"10.3390/technologies12080137","title":"A Smart Approach to Electric Vehicle Optimization via IoT-Enabled Recommender Systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Prince Sultan University","keywords":"Recommender system; Computer science; Internet of Things; Electric vehicle; Embedded system; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007483455325948573,"gpt":0.1918281027455218,"spread":0.1843446474195732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009398862,0.000172786,0.0001728479,0.000366123,0.00005679935,0.0001317628,0.0002431052,0.0002385028,0.000005569171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002152823,0.0001493078,0.00003776166,0.0014469,0.00001183481,0.0000944937,0.00004685829,0.0003403863,0.00004148395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001567424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001240817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000100972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.544677e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991065,0.000009739893,0.0001838408,0.0002370711,0.0001120564,0.0003507969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996464,0.0000246315,0.0000122296,0.0002629367,0.00002583136,0.00002798783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000420524,0.00001514817,0.00005162768,0.0002752077,0.00009055449,0.000004959539,0.000096877,0.8372405,0.01749256,0.002687275,0.07051218,0.07152895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006356472,0.00005145643,0.00003244552,0.00003003015,0.00001311509,0.00002170381,0.0001383229,0.9777573,0.008940637,0.0003664963,0.01238473,0.0002001719],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06189389,0.0191129,0.8471075,0.001481051,0.0008050439,0.001058361,0.000007050997,0.05250861,0.01602563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904059,0.0002241696,0.009027035,0.00003302955,0.00004366047,0.0001152797,0.000006785278,0.0000483176,0.00009587783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.928512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6088597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2497537271","doi":"10.3390/technologies4030021","title":"Assistive Technology Needs and Measurement of the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technologies for Independent Living of Older Hispanics: Lessons Learned","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","keywords":"Psychosocial; Assistive technology; Independent living; Psychology; Activities of daily living; Gerontology; Assisted living; Applied psychology; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Medicine; Psychotherapist; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1221745899715889,"gpt":0.4409614266093457,"spread":0.3187868366377568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001478461,0.0003015637,0.0008160327,0.0007627252,0.0004353999,0.000002589374,0.001445812,0.001378199,0.0000140531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01002449,0.0001725659,0.0002539407,0.0010176,0.003455373,0.00008304067,0.001719303,0.0008205649,0.000001845499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005308957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004686087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008441482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002096656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975202,0.0002373502,0.0009664755,0.0004155595,0.000361294,0.0004990883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939441,0.001549327,0.001589086,0.001674095,0.001223431,0.00001995315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455737,0.0003229741,0.7556264,0.0002152799,0.0004016101,1.527798e-7,0.0003837634,4.360422e-7,0.06769782,0.02972822,0.001491666,0.1439861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001353106,0.0005757305,0.908318,0.001695208,0.0001347341,0.000001664117,0.0262718,0.00001270486,0.04573517,0.01510091,0.0005396722,0.0002612653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9460516,0.002150571,0.01128507,0.03312199,0.0002546185,0.002868767,0.0003538786,0.003214372,0.0006991401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996659,0.0007048488,0.001853051,0.000009042556,0.000005671223,0.0006794239,8.799561e-7,0.00002616114,0.00006192653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1526917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110176764","doi":"10.3390/technologies8040074","title":"Comparative Analysis of Real-Time Fall Detection Using Fuzzy Logic Web Services and Machine Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Trent University; Nottingham Trent University","keywords":"Machine learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Fuzzy logic; Wearable computer; Decision tree; Accelerometer; Service (business); Real-time computing; Embedded system; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06505758466146373,"gpt":0.2798912708069797,"spread":0.214833686145516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001406985,0.0001269947,0.0004362267,0.0003792365,0.00009711365,0.00007159723,0.0003801658,0.00009929868,0.000002035623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004881325,0.0001154836,0.00006507969,0.001677155,0.00008636878,0.0003474479,0.0004147749,0.0001647984,0.0000105896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002550222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001255937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003978348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002880686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999078,0.00008170913,0.0002202079,0.0003362371,0.0001491932,0.0001346478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992765,0.0001292749,0.0002532199,0.0002226513,0.00009458246,0.00002372451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003958439,0.00006353242,0.0413507,0.0001646512,0.001145037,0.00001571638,0.004854777,0.002456618,0.8744492,0.0008088197,0.00000928978,0.0746421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001431907,0.0001412908,0.002408186,0.00002072521,0.0001187046,0.000006560424,0.001425762,0.9667636,0.02846124,0.0002740312,0.00008607766,0.000150679],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.960003,0.0003276957,0.03605157,0.0004054638,0.00002052184,0.0001282831,0.000007534673,0.002649084,0.0004068022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960158,0.00005872182,0.003882553,0.00002122121,0.000005195656,0.000005581644,0.000002794281,0.000003435468,0.000004662428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.964307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4709283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366773630","doi":"10.3390/technologies11020062","title":"Geographical Dependence of Open Hardware Optimization: Case Study of Solar Photovoltaic Racking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Supply chain; Open source; Open source hardware; Computer science; Business; Capital cost; Range (aeronautics); Industrial organization; Capital (architecture); Environmental economics; Operations management; Engineering; Economics; Electrical engineering; Marketing; Operating system; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Software","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02699973083958074,"gpt":0.2781700070818476,"spread":0.2511702762422668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002421633,0.0001014128,0.0002344257,0.0002543153,0.00005850809,0.00002253995,0.0005235781,0.0001166581,0.000007967127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002239544,0.00009581513,0.00003479132,0.001097253,0.0001064895,0.0001558486,0.0005181132,0.0001614525,0.000001262295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001948056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001377082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004990863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002416235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999263,0.00001579451,0.0002519483,0.0001622037,0.0001318938,0.0001751002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993073,0.00006305565,0.00004280233,0.000467871,0.0001065712,0.00001237356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002788831,0.0003182192,0.4374048,0.0006741661,0.0001893502,0.002044966,0.002799303,0.5329366,0.002109901,0.0001928726,0.0006851762,0.02061683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001747527,0.0007585492,0.01643166,0.0001269612,0.0001069267,0.000261166,0.3758005,0.5463383,0.05475897,0.002826256,0.0001485813,0.0006945919],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948069,0.0001069684,0.001618412,0.0000223696,0.00004337952,0.000517099,0.000005699735,0.002793757,0.00008541712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984468,0.00004290046,0.001426388,6.315799e-7,0.000002127241,0.00006006672,0.0000019714,0.00001302126,0.000006096919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4209731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3907228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2187229820","doi":"10.3390/technologies3040238","title":"C-Anchor for Strengthening the Connection between Adhesively Bonded Laminates and Concrete Substrates","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Fibre-reinforced plastic; Materials science; Structural engineering; Cracking; Deflection (physics); Beam (structure); Composite material; Stiffness; Limiting; Flexural strength; Ultimate failure; Ultimate tensile strength; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0346893128813337,"gpt":0.2487570246564816,"spread":0.2140677117751479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001053183,0.0001603549,0.0001780781,0.00007046123,0.00008001351,0.00005967831,0.0002116264,0.0001573312,8.313926e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000278618,0.0001159155,0.00003317044,0.000117066,0.0001835278,0.0001396349,0.0000480218,0.0001727083,0.000003223096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000377103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009277753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001124971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001079529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993739,0.000005891647,0.000162829,0.000138289,0.00008567408,0.0002334762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994316,0.000248596,0.00004502295,0.0001897084,0.00005883707,0.0000261999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001251023,4.854483e-7,0.03279711,0.0003334612,0.0005925172,0.00001966132,0.003296017,0.0007654246,0.542829,0.03227145,0.01073352,0.3762362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005616445,0.0001638206,0.002012423,0.00002670006,0.00007256033,0.0000178366,0.00641505,0.003825179,0.9810178,0.003608227,0.001984209,0.0002945313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934574,0.001091579,0.0002785516,0.0002221305,0.0001116632,0.0003062542,0.0000214859,0.004346436,0.0001644336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974763,0.00004433982,0.002307056,0.000004255847,0.00003219936,0.00008223407,0.0000107971,0.00002169931,0.00002113697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4381888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4726895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362579980","doi":"10.3390/technologies11020051","title":"HAIS: Highways Automated-Inspection System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Visualization; Interface (matter); Overlay; Software; Transport engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00787166430729769,"gpt":0.2001777339930808,"spread":0.1923060696857831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000717624,0.00009530931,0.00009146581,0.0003749373,0.00006627772,0.00002628833,0.0001727437,0.000122586,2.434183e-8],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001239945,0.00009201611,0.00002766627,0.0005672317,0.00003808231,0.00008876323,0.00006564898,0.0001026417,0.000364566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008632374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001939992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003792526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002932191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994968,0.000003337799,0.0001151575,0.0001163724,0.00008781044,0.0001805176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997212,0.000008363983,0.000013297,0.0002371196,0.00001013973,0.00000984655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[4.415508e-7,0.000002305959,0.000024439,0.00007340816,0.00001556144,0.00001004645,0.00001807262,0.0009696907,0.001035517,0.01288864,0.9829853,0.001976598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005957988,0.00001410464,0.0006387344,0.00003600368,0.000005988565,0.000004408417,0.001131638,0.9794253,0.006783593,0.000006634783,0.01179693,0.00009714038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"software","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01180655,0.00009568463,0.009291252,0.0001613627,0.0004970599,0.0001385226,0.000004396546,0.9661108,0.01189432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989954,0.0002684068,0.000577616,0.000003611697,0.00001534959,0.0001089553,0.000006717387,0.00002066799,0.000003301219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9871888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.468588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"software","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W3215494300","doi":"10.3390/technologies9040093","title":"Critical Overview of Visual Tracking with Kernel Correlation Filter","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Eye tracking; Circulant matrix; Kernel (algebra); Filter (signal processing); Artificial intelligence; Representation (politics); Algorithm; Computer vision; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06279360045868777,"gpt":0.357297924479525,"spread":0.2945043240208373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002244669,0.00008621821,0.0001744152,0.0000678174,0.00004637746,0.00005881847,0.0003241274,0.00009445859,0.000004302908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000633363,0.00006860321,0.00003884868,0.000496752,0.0001262531,0.0003264918,0.0001893959,0.0001471217,0.000007656166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001169149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004608386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004040136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008303693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992034,0.00005267515,0.0001583691,0.0002437972,0.0001764556,0.0001652457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990517,0.0003049496,0.00005455708,0.0004059352,0.0001716727,0.00001121568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009722384,0.0001611437,0.03369433,0.0001480128,0.00003541495,0.0001577926,0.0002302185,0.0001142724,0.004014819,0.3096532,0.0002006623,0.6515804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001059703,0.0008201559,0.1548361,0.0009301075,0.00004799197,0.000458679,0.001099842,0.08336118,0.6504677,0.1024312,0.003537035,0.0009502542],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03210009,0.003111005,0.9603168,0.00178593,0.0001487624,0.00004889658,0.000001605451,0.001814893,0.0006720285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8564658,0.0001072801,0.1433536,0.00004431929,0.000005623479,0.000004745606,0.000001071412,0.000004670951,0.00001285368],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8243657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2797558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226088688","doi":"10.3390/technologies10020053","title":"Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"National security; Energy security; Investment (military); Business; Software deployment; Production (economics); Renewable energy; Environmental economics; Finance; International trade; Natural resource economics; Economics; Engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03021045056572527,"gpt":0.2774516177460434,"spread":0.2472411671803181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002011906,0.00006689139,0.0001090275,0.0001412132,0.00009499116,0.00003068529,0.0004592783,0.00004311295,0.00007150204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003971551,0.00006619564,0.00002929672,0.0003284663,0.00003776198,0.00008962613,0.0002137608,0.0001819208,0.000001679501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002079917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003196285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001343943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001137071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994911,0.00001008014,0.0001160874,0.0001268679,0.0001195471,0.0001362953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997981,0.00002801728,0.00001422621,0.000134713,0.00001854004,0.000006435488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002087766,0.00007865073,0.002206746,0.0001275302,0.00006934065,0.00000665101,0.0003285364,0.5244359,0.0022069,0.4515903,0.01624813,0.002680419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002935546,0.00006495358,0.0003549807,0.000004839636,0.00000562515,0.000002595589,0.006540448,0.09554797,0.005727655,0.8759977,0.01527787,0.0001818098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953441,0.0007184124,0.0007481994,0.001035457,0.0001798491,0.001111643,0.00024538,0.003358802,0.03916132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984683,0.000009085396,0.0009366659,0.00004616638,0.000005124372,0.0004905117,0.00002019158,0.000005436509,0.00001849151],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.428888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.269938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4284896812","doi":"10.3390/technologies10040081","title":"Distribution Path Optimization by an Improved Genetic Algorithm Combined with a Divide-and-Conquer Strategy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mathematical optimization; Crossover; Divide and conquer algorithms; Computer science; Path (computing); Genetic algorithm; Metaheuristic; Scheduling (production processes); Operator (biology); Vehicle routing problem; Routing (electronic design automation); Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007743080449083273,"gpt":0.2171983023533931,"spread":0.2094552219043098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001563661,0.0001581612,0.0001525413,0.00006601912,0.0001873759,0.00005568318,0.0001857824,0.00009120648,0.00001495328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003248078,0.0001537509,0.00001331263,0.0003542897,0.00007977394,0.0001341299,0.0001128735,0.0002419963,5.129175e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009579828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001427799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001389259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.333442e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991949,0.00005234334,0.0001724264,0.0002280899,0.0001290555,0.0002231945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995885,0.00002792501,0.00005168092,0.0002686633,0.00003677496,0.00002641068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009269592,0.00002662024,0.0002520699,0.00001123911,0.0000189615,0.000002495956,0.00003694318,0.9172038,0.0009958034,0.00009681777,0.0003171386,0.08102879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000429169,0.00044193,0.0002592876,0.000003983743,0.00001719146,0.00001445373,0.0004963308,0.9951862,0.002543876,0.000210816,0.0001834538,0.0002133521],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04972441,0.0003430346,0.9429206,0.0001102203,0.000044383,0.0002717662,0.0001342601,0.00641917,0.00003214459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.77256,0.00008625233,0.2268616,0.000008400391,0.000004979398,0.0001559178,0.0002739032,0.00003452022,0.00001440239],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7228356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.626978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883392180","doi":"10.3390/technologies6030067","title":"Influence of Mutual Coupling on Stability of RCS Response in Chipless RFID","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"RFID technology advancements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Grantová Agentura České Republiky","keywords":"Chipless RFID; Radio-frequency identification; Frequency domain; Topology (electrical circuits); Coupling (piping); Stability (learning theory); Radar cross-section; Position (finance); Electronic engineering; Radar; Acoustics; Computer science; Equivalent circuit; Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01529669598825518,"gpt":0.256271291439951,"spread":0.2409745954516959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003012664,0.0001240201,0.0002370479,0.0003493142,0.00001743371,0.00000168261,0.0004323905,0.0002298457,0.000002774201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009845935,0.0001243851,0.00001919178,0.0005497683,0.0007590628,0.00008435472,0.0001362349,0.0002496865,0.00000956265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008045266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001415848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000576061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001972743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991594,0.000009395677,0.00032358,0.0001715838,0.0001209203,0.0002150984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990851,0.0001514599,0.00006941079,0.0006284269,0.00005856676,0.000007067322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006299655,0.0001061902,0.1066957,0.000128308,0.00003010394,0.000006611392,0.0003270923,0.048129,0.8370039,0.002716081,0.00002620915,0.004200854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000252592,0.0003013658,0.06121825,0.00009395536,0.000002349478,7.460011e-7,0.0005041886,0.003698735,0.932308,0.001467611,0.00004805312,0.0001042075],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968113,0.0001207111,0.0001965656,0.00005660225,0.00004095679,0.0001655919,0.00001130939,0.002489662,0.00010734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984963,0.00006029954,0.001401456,0.000002419832,0.000002119156,0.00002247017,4.992536e-7,0.00001338575,0.000001082906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09530402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5072278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308518107","doi":"10.3390/technologies10060114","title":"Open-Source Photovoltaic—Electrical Vehicle Carport Designs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Roof; Span (engineering); Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Parking lot; Rooftop photovoltaic power station; Solar energy; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Civil engineering; Voltage; Maximum power point tracking","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01499201566347722,"gpt":0.2180119978623239,"spread":0.2030199821988467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001155292,0.0001564681,0.0001939788,0.0001505916,0.0002558255,0.00006022033,0.001093975,0.0001091446,0.0001028083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003163096,0.0001547356,0.00004436394,0.0008623523,0.00004659048,0.0001091301,0.0006519211,0.0006585619,0.0000167285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001931294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002929822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004367231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990093,0.0000148892,0.0001711937,0.000221262,0.0001880491,0.0003953396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995254,0.00003098397,0.00002990749,0.0003721594,0.00001594968,0.00002563016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000328326,0.00007443437,0.005627853,0.00002763952,0.0001113566,0.00009647418,0.0002202441,0.02812802,0.3228854,0.004873986,0.2952189,0.3427028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007575669,0.0005840915,0.001949508,0.000006835393,0.00003003042,0.0001928024,0.001271585,0.1652317,0.2807184,0.007069331,0.5413912,0.0007969119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609231,0.003201201,0.003105762,0.0004882641,0.0002335305,0.0006485709,0.00001891448,0.02161348,0.009767124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977515,0.00007317526,0.001596638,0.00008203389,0.00001566164,0.0001681532,0.000006248686,0.00004247274,0.0002640572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3419059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6309933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391925251","doi":"10.3390/technologies12020027","title":"ARSIP: Automated Robotic System for Industrial Painting","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Painting; Computer science; Engineering; Human–computer interaction; Visual arts; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05112157319539057,"gpt":0.242265850985059,"spread":0.1911442777896685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000331145,0.00009823414,0.0001301849,0.00007364881,0.0001355006,0.0001414819,0.0001944062,0.0001708372,0.00001715709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001830868,0.00006700605,0.0000512277,0.0002968836,0.00006006971,0.0001085224,0.00001189165,0.0001501235,0.0001672539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008116867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002066108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001338732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001098446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993043,0.00002300177,0.0001381103,0.0001997137,0.00008706254,0.0002478102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996315,0.0001947404,0.00002315496,0.0001183165,0.00001601309,0.0000162221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002963736,0.00000835943,0.05742324,0.0005907995,0.0001007317,0.0001042684,0.0002472466,0.00312501,0.0004562293,0.002453282,0.04511328,0.8903479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003982133,0.0003541274,0.01023985,0.0008783873,0.00005970044,0.00008589607,0.01413581,0.9507231,0.002956587,0.001010763,0.01853988,0.0006176649],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8831733,0.006132752,0.0008350899,0.001293366,0.002776426,0.0006120833,0.0001185343,0.1011617,0.003896719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989061,0.000007614382,0.000809214,0.000005057243,0.00005950234,0.000005075188,0.00004430251,0.000003481693,0.0001596305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9475981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2732427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792839100","doi":"10.3390/technologies6010033","title":"Technology-Supported Group Activity to Promote Communication in Dementia: A Protocol for a Within-Participants Study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Reminiscence; Conversation; Dementia; Session (web analytics); Psychology; Protocol (science); Activities of daily living; Gerontology; Applied psychology; World Wide Web; Medicine; Computer science; Social psychology; Communication; Cognitive psychology; Psychiatry; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0780587680887983,"gpt":0.4333607888452201,"spread":0.3553020207564218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008463383,0.0001685298,0.0002904126,0.0007096084,0.0001490732,0.00003029755,0.0003733229,0.0001640545,0.0000216859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007895186,0.0001376947,0.00003485241,0.00113853,0.0003194321,0.0001180679,0.000499173,0.0002966649,0.00004110588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009128141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008012238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002851936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003612982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984489,0.00004413223,0.0003025106,0.0004025876,0.0002685708,0.0005332711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988153,0.00002890547,0.0001002989,0.0007504581,0.0002576465,0.00004740824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00215216,0.005978371,0.8016389,0.0001708508,0.0002738555,0.00003462359,0.0008052525,1.24886e-7,0.08431708,0.0003972074,0.0009001917,0.1033314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01225609,0.02242594,0.4649061,0.0004947482,0.0001664032,0.00001478691,0.01023571,0.0006682338,0.4804961,0.004315967,0.003645246,0.0003746964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8088247,0.000004048005,0.000567194,0.002677485,0.00001023752,0.1861702,0.000002475908,0.001494789,0.0002488595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6441224,4.400571e-7,0.00471282,0.0000279366,0.000005441375,0.3510717,0.000001768865,0.00001273399,0.00004478559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.396179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5615028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281788051","doi":"10.3390/technologies10030070","title":"Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Microwave Heating Effect on Coal Seam Permeability Enhancement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Coal; Mechanics; Microwave; Materials science; Heat transfer; Permeability (electromagnetism); Electromagnetic field; Moisture; Environmental science; Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Geology; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Waste management; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01303830857102254,"gpt":0.2332052271639072,"spread":0.2201669185928846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009353289,0.00006626865,0.0000954932,0.00004906872,0.00007552527,0.000006627721,0.00004973641,0.00003309678,0.00001399471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006744634,0.00006070713,0.00001520669,0.0001080198,0.00002963358,0.00003327863,0.00006699892,0.00009223878,4.420245e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000708115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002713019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006453912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.074798e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995946,0.00001896967,0.0001163094,0.0001002234,0.00009025207,0.00007959289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997936,0.00005762076,0.00002244218,0.0001087704,0.00001213568,0.000005352641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002108363,0.00001347788,0.0007621303,0.00005405906,0.000005106088,1.605925e-7,0.00008177836,0.9670222,0.004627413,0.00003362268,0.00001599681,0.02736294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001087161,0.0003860357,0.0002070319,0.000009105061,0.000004246224,5.039728e-7,0.0001976747,0.9435501,0.05534688,0.00004829109,0.00008279996,0.00005867223],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.887785,0.0002451859,0.1104739,0.00004636331,0.00005581435,0.0002164117,0.000002623957,0.000972992,0.0002017462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999081,0.00001491483,0.0008446287,0.000004301322,0.000003313975,0.00003221592,0.000008139287,0.000007989788,0.000003557321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.111296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2475565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389919193","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060183","title":"Comparing Classical and Quantum Generative Learning Models for High-Fidelity Image Synthesis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Fidelity; Boltzmann machine; Artificial intelligence; Generative grammar; Machine learning; Probabilistic logic; Generative model; Field (mathematics); Trilemma; Representation (politics); Restricted Boltzmann machine; Task (project management); Deep learning; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06016958853728575,"gpt":0.2635156842606344,"spread":0.2033460957233486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004082613,0.0001807335,0.0003161049,0.0001645655,0.0003966824,0.0002261283,0.0005507429,0.0001254413,6.762122e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006969786,0.0001544073,0.00005813771,0.0004390307,0.0002279417,0.0005591138,0.0006992485,0.0002003286,0.00001356511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003062816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002182104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002498359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009900122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986782,0.00007076732,0.0002116488,0.0005140983,0.0001388356,0.0003864605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988411,0.0005869511,0.00008568312,0.0003610917,0.00009372025,0.00003144481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003294874,0.00006362612,0.0005270645,0.00006916872,0.0001419353,0.0000253038,0.0006105396,0.06519923,0.04574049,0.6892934,0.01606822,0.1822281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001177561,0.00005283976,0.000369332,0.00001830042,0.000009691955,0.000001464885,0.0004216349,0.8835798,0.03922646,0.0757749,0.0002492318,0.0001785953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04880292,0.0001607307,0.9413343,0.004551386,0.0001223058,0.0002128242,0.000004237015,0.004660751,0.0001505386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8637215,0.0001520328,0.1358848,0.00002101387,0.00003441317,0.000129844,0.000002385808,0.00001139522,0.00004261791],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8183806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6296548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308518092","doi":"10.3390/technologies10060113","title":"Modular Multi-Input DC/DC Converter for EV Fast Charging","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Modular design; Converters; Power (physics); Battery (electricity); MATLAB; Electrical engineering; Forward converter; Boost converter; Buck converter; Computer science; Voltage; Electronic engineering; Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02661582823917657,"gpt":0.2704167733972599,"spread":0.2438009451580834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000154821,0.0002524388,0.0002822294,0.0004666918,0.0002925957,0.00003292169,0.001142173,0.0001786562,0.00004576349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002071422,0.00026242,0.00008806932,0.000501153,0.0002079293,0.0001655806,0.0005334903,0.0007381669,0.00004359853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003211006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001401741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003450722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002677946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983876,0.00001172517,0.0002369764,0.0003846682,0.0002550588,0.0007240237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990125,0.00009063987,0.00003920102,0.0007940431,0.00004171269,0.00002184374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003102224,0.00009341252,0.0009678822,0.0002556224,0.0001493609,0.0000671762,0.0002096899,0.0297192,0.503353,0.003051877,0.009234678,0.4528671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001244964,0.000251075,0.0002340373,0.00002592596,0.00001475958,0.00003932265,0.006885437,0.4462148,0.461678,0.003969177,0.07863811,0.0008044586],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2638124,0.002675534,0.6561304,0.00315672,0.0007103298,0.001817845,0.0002455447,0.07099006,0.0004612168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793406,0.0001497458,0.0185185,0.00004053502,0.00001443405,0.001570024,0.00002082324,0.00008337971,0.0002619565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7155282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992066437","doi":"10.3390/technologies7040085","title":"Minimum MOS Transistor Count Fractional-Order Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode Filters","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Advanced Control Systems Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation; General Secretariat for Research and Technology","keywords":"Transconductance; Electronic engineering; Transistor; Filter (signal processing); CMOS; Cadence; Mode (computer interface); Topology (electrical circuits); Voltage; Operational transconductance amplifier; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Amplifier; Engineering; Operational amplifier","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007678851315702408,"gpt":0.2343099954526301,"spread":0.2266311441369277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004360481,0.0001971555,0.0002491564,0.0001316769,0.00003755353,0.00002248773,0.0001899223,0.0001647379,0.00001093881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000452234,0.0001910465,0.00003713475,0.0001484898,0.0000701675,0.0002103915,0.00002586901,0.0002755488,0.0001005454],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001137526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001257742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001398645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991481,0.000006207827,0.0001913636,0.0002379116,0.0001496846,0.0002667269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999472,0.00008233238,0.00003719709,0.000348447,0.00003769687,0.00002234467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001373382,0.0001152496,0.005141513,0.00133824,0.000458613,0.00002779265,0.0009474004,0.1319455,0.5678298,0.01110321,0.03265169,0.2483036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003123631,0.000199622,0.001315208,0.0003474149,0.00009320456,0.00005261777,0.002354165,0.610328,0.02052007,0.009272002,0.3506792,0.001714916],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4231756,0.02109408,0.5256062,0.0007089282,0.002339449,0.001572357,0.0001324215,0.02271917,0.002651833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977826,0.0003019954,0.001610915,0.00001283309,0.00002534313,0.00009734181,0.000005431311,0.00003645211,0.0001270417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5746071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7790649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410989271","doi":"10.3390/technologies13060228","title":"Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Enhancing Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Sustainability; Computer science; Manufacturing engineering; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02213900791747892,"gpt":0.2694429038661888,"spread":0.2473038959487099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001065997,0.0001694964,0.0002643003,0.000553681,0.00006262714,0.00001230778,0.0002763416,0.0002117487,0.000002731096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002240763,0.0001695123,0.00005888749,0.0002341697,0.0001297483,0.0001198558,0.0001768953,0.0003647632,4.980621e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004217409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004764724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003308956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001284523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989644,0.00003613006,0.0003002428,0.0002376752,0.0001758006,0.0002857973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991352,0.0003094514,0.00005955618,0.0002891416,0.0002011114,0.000005570005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001119895,0.00002024717,0.0001311786,0.0003002597,0.0000559487,6.926662e-7,0.0001372122,0.2514308,0.0006632224,0.00487692,0.0001098198,0.7422625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002422819,0.00001962139,0.0004166226,0.00008766124,0.00002382988,2.130548e-7,0.002076138,0.2561738,0.5678167,0.172854,0.0001888363,0.000100355],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8238403,0.001330941,0.1605082,0.0002948389,0.0001172468,0.001022382,0.00002797349,0.0102464,0.002611818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971078,0.0001081878,0.00240502,0.000001507612,0.000003386964,0.0003300693,0.000009420736,0.00001502071,0.00001956993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7421622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6912512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414017550","doi":"10.3390/technologies13090403","title":"Synthesis of Pectin Hydrogels from Grapefruit Peel for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Water","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Adsorption; Pectin; Heavy metals; Chemistry; Banana peel; Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Food science; Organic chemistry; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01408027122874716,"gpt":0.2376056964554053,"spread":0.2235254252266581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001857854,0.0001277845,0.0002423834,0.00007500209,0.00007077908,0.00001059405,0.0004585983,0.0001548869,0.0004197061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001761467,0.00007154242,0.0001604076,0.0002132469,0.0005137161,0.0000816699,0.0002493008,0.00008679598,0.00005859553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004451596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005066847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006322885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001085389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999073,0.00002361304,0.0003087627,0.0002402697,0.0001841544,0.000170222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991416,0.0003043421,0.0001251766,0.0004063101,0.00001257274,0.000009995445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007639252,0.00006502098,0.002030125,0.000008040407,0.00008899016,1.878781e-7,0.00008008133,0.00004695438,0.9544117,0.000860907,0.001218243,0.0411133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001708103,0.00003042746,0.004231373,0.00002270078,0.00008961081,4.288825e-7,0.0009838941,0.0009599259,0.9717084,0.01627103,0.005444014,0.00008737065],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989953,0.0002803438,0.004442867,0.003415108,0.0001147888,0.0003810316,0.0002304387,0.0004822839,0.0007000908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997008,0.0001175394,0.00245794,0.00004311552,0.000006578998,0.00005328732,0.000008981399,0.000006606145,0.0002979121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04102593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4595487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041636079","doi":"10.3390/technologies3020074","title":"Analysis of the Science and Technology Narrative within Organ Donation and Transplantation Coverage in Canadian Newspapers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Newspaper; Organ donation; Transplantation; Globe; Narrative; Political science; Ethical issues; Public relations; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Medicine; Law; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0122479584775649,"gpt":0.2526806943054458,"spread":0.2404327358278809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002628633,0.00005530437,0.0001218026,0.001436387,0.00006241449,0.000009728007,0.00007227316,0.0000914459,0.000001407049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003292022,0.00004000372,0.000007501274,0.003345496,0.0005821522,0.0001022136,0.0000108944,0.0001003359,2.199633e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001205497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003556027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008065856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1619567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994545,0.000009209638,0.0001228183,0.0001385713,0.0001757132,0.00009919861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996271,0.00001571531,0.00005104845,0.0001061623,0.0001667663,0.00003318132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004905535,0.00002360162,0.9281649,0.0000445532,0.00008451287,0.00001313361,0.0162305,0.00009583106,0.03325971,0.01339634,0.00001169648,0.008626156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001206395,0.0001134332,0.8642761,0.00005193421,0.0003060382,0.00004356912,0.02235761,0.00298227,0.1072152,0.001313247,0.00003456616,0.00009965295],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904958,0.00008678891,0.0000284166,0.008683074,0.00002151733,0.0001741638,0.000008583535,0.0001233468,0.0003783326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995488,0.0001285706,0.0002509242,0.00004750999,8.566032e-7,0.000005116444,0.000006888099,0.000002714252,0.000008597724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1538908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033513200","doi":"10.3390/technologies2010001","title":"Analysis of North American Newspaper Coverage of Bionics Using the Disability Studies Framework","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Bionics; Newspaper; Psychological intervention; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Engineering; Advertising; Artificial intelligence; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06158153970771083,"gpt":0.3649643667099683,"spread":0.3033828270022574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000220238,0.0001139111,0.000424268,0.0001745629,0.0001219871,0.00001161769,0.0007473862,0.00004394637,0.000002850134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004831624,0.00007184352,0.0001211622,0.00389836,0.004024683,0.00005660341,0.0005866618,0.0002640542,0.000001506934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005266101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001661318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001372461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004207685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987243,0.0001263308,0.0002645266,0.0003012359,0.0003386816,0.0002449273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975523,0.001183206,0.0002409566,0.0009907441,0.0000222523,0.00001049755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001876714,0.000128968,0.9250892,0.00003393821,0.0001913627,6.332706e-7,0.0004145421,0.00307866,0.004862361,0.02263054,0.000007506223,0.04354354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001255436,0.0002855706,0.8257135,0.00002580006,0.000326797,7.191038e-7,0.002844926,0.02096625,0.1203722,0.02891087,0.0001617102,0.0002661459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942974,0.0001360047,0.002174575,0.002774351,0.00001995334,0.000150893,0.00001607883,0.00036604,0.00006472349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983849,0.0008784962,0.0006724184,0.00004267185,0.000002534014,0.000008675735,3.507829e-7,0.000007609905,0.000002341303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1155099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285089985","doi":"10.3390/technologies10040083","title":"Demonstration of Resilient Microgrid with Real-Time Co-Simulation and Programmable Loads","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Microgrid; Computer science; Grid; Renewable energy; Reliability engineering; Controller (irrigation); Embedded system; Modular design; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00467115004715781,"gpt":0.1983202100572326,"spread":0.1936490600100748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006896877,0.00007341035,0.0001009315,0.0000988454,0.00005661871,0.00001397286,0.00006966954,0.00004145175,0.000006932837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005607803,0.00006724551,0.00001154086,0.0001878085,0.00006194496,0.00006480539,0.00002464607,0.00007897686,0.000001232659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003007662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007839333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008237993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002339658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995785,0.000008373435,0.0001208565,0.00009848192,0.00008538651,0.0001083401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997856,0.00001750649,0.00003969711,0.0001266949,0.00002324186,0.000007229781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004069084,0.00002157288,0.001640158,0.0000346619,0.00002400932,0.000001979782,0.00007134178,0.8583044,0.06091944,0.0002483568,0.000393258,0.07830009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005478173,0.0003383034,0.0008146664,0.00001475687,0.00002719143,0.00001301739,0.0005625003,0.9417633,0.05241738,0.0001924981,0.003126765,0.0001817987],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875299,0.002108589,0.004035393,0.0001227537,0.00002909781,0.0005104924,0.00002001928,0.004456553,0.001187189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960704,0.0002863074,0.003532522,0.000001425777,0.000003355871,0.00005454241,0.00002473269,0.00001079717,0.00001593318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08345886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2742192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407086872","doi":"10.3390/technologies13020057","title":"Portable Solar-Integrated Open-Source Chemistry Lab for Water Treatment with Electrolysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electrolysis; Chemistry; Open source; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Electrode; Electrolyte; Operating system; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005293719701426578,"gpt":0.2042542713325071,"spread":0.1989605516310805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006745264,0.0001178877,0.0001327499,0.00001909325,0.0001127511,0.00005719341,0.0003134524,0.0001058418,0.0002166449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001035033,0.00006395415,0.00002788583,0.0001864356,0.00009943642,0.00009835124,0.0001684561,0.00005317754,0.00003407122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001854237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001307852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004005659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001823081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993499,0.000003779598,0.00009889538,0.0002534193,0.00005328526,0.0002407221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997117,0.0000100895,0.00003057475,0.0002283101,0.000009208326,0.00001012311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057232,0.00007206706,0.002346485,0.00001019504,0.00002850546,0.000001178791,0.00002206733,0.00003599926,0.9693974,0.00001682811,0.006097573,0.02191445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003300592,0.0001158671,0.00002819526,0.000005946613,0.00002425538,9.525658e-7,0.0001494972,0.0001882195,0.8053133,0.0001820602,0.1935796,0.00008203246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865264,0.000108084,0.002129693,0.002663631,0.00002269487,0.0006669935,0.00001386289,0.00103654,0.00683206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837604,0.00009614177,0.002147459,0.00006951542,0.000004064337,0.000142972,0.00006223338,0.000008090429,0.01370914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.187482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2607974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2608702798","doi":"10.3390/technologies5020019","title":"Measurement of Assistive Technology Outcomes Associated with Computer-Based Writing Interventions for Children and Youth with Disabilities","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Assistive technology; Psychological intervention; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Medical education; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1623555111074694,"gpt":0.4244775370283926,"spread":0.2621220259209232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008550409,0.00021177,0.0005469894,0.0002456237,0.001538767,0.00001601693,0.0007678162,0.0004056329,0.000002462879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003507332,0.0001465137,0.00007864675,0.0001309706,0.00286682,0.00008820876,0.0005316366,0.0005541967,8.774254e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001774506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001216913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001017066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001228687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985635,0.00009579862,0.0004783944,0.0003470255,0.0001796654,0.0003356129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965608,0.0004970522,0.0008821049,0.001373834,0.0006656174,0.00002060103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000575055,0.0001901378,0.9874775,0.0001144395,0.000205662,1.509104e-7,0.0001105819,0.0000012109,0.00001591694,0.003943943,0.00006297849,0.007820011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001781673,0.0006831887,0.9815483,0.00177203,0.0001294527,4.892072e-7,0.01283547,0.00005716947,0.0004006998,0.0006110069,0.000006176047,0.0001743228],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638774,0.000245828,0.02432684,0.006279843,0.00004178458,0.00175806,0.000300487,0.002953901,0.0002159035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879007,0.00001221207,0.01139828,0.00002201738,0.000004017079,0.0005967733,0.00002835796,0.00001960473,0.00001805335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02402333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402715716","doi":"10.3390/technologies12090167","title":"Open-Source Hardware Design of Modular Solar DC Nanogrid","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Modular design; Photovoltaic system; Grid; Computer science; Controller (irrigation); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03196281749496922,"gpt":0.2669623232792138,"spread":0.2349995057842446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003952715,0.0002084042,0.0003457423,0.0003697322,0.00007130628,0.0001499476,0.001419091,0.0003196475,0.00005163411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003335532,0.0001811565,0.00007339134,0.0007295631,0.0001763168,0.000328285,0.000776967,0.0001919506,0.00008407451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008454652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006474012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003528929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008818215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986724,0.0000640939,0.0003806511,0.0003971413,0.000223803,0.0002619656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988498,0.0001072272,0.00009999137,0.0008235674,0.00009986417,0.00001952902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006922637,0.0001677776,0.0002415596,0.0006309472,0.0004153245,0.0001318455,0.0007605226,0.04534088,0.5813842,0.08963039,0.1091493,0.172078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001040606,0.0001033931,0.000005532551,0.0002719332,0.00001908705,0.00001944387,0.0005367661,0.02781226,0.8575149,0.007772113,0.1056251,0.0002154102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005408714,0.006908955,0.9241954,0.0007156322,0.0003492799,0.001352867,0.00003188644,0.05200917,0.009028108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9304428,0.0005106746,0.0676125,0.00002675915,0.00001464217,0.0002831664,0.00001047555,0.00006762625,0.001031433],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.925034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7387348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403682720","doi":"10.3390/technologies12110210","title":"Exploring Silica Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Solution for Pest Control in Sri Lankan Rice Farming","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"PEST analysis; Agriculture; Pest control; Sri lanka; Agroforestry; Integrated pest management; Agricultural engineering; Agronomy; Business; Environmental science; Engineering; Ecology; Biology; Environmental planning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0316362711044534,"gpt":0.2288830825263288,"spread":0.1972468114218754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001111986,0.0001382769,0.0001419106,0.0001724317,0.00005576368,0.00005648125,0.0001605587,0.00008389497,0.000001173521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009574266,0.0001138093,0.00003770646,0.0004521615,0.00003219752,0.0004109278,0.0000424578,0.0001631299,0.00002008405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002508397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001150437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005571141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002442859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990654,0.000005172268,0.0001723485,0.0001853755,0.0000878986,0.0004837869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997349,0.00008420011,0.00001275416,0.00013105,0.00002109572,0.00001594917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001088243,0.00002019577,0.00006646232,0.0005042133,0.00003391805,0.0000347275,0.0003967443,0.001893941,0.9551001,0.005003028,0.0006497397,0.03628607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006647324,0.0001111788,0.0003643793,0.0002713172,0.00003071596,0.000006116142,0.008192841,0.09789862,0.8745624,0.0008405613,0.01664935,0.0004077669],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804773,0.003904077,0.002747605,0.0007278594,0.000206643,0.0005282036,0.00001111396,0.01085282,0.0005443598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984738,0.0001272229,0.0003881867,0.000008720725,0.00002489314,0.0009012006,0.000003868228,0.00001067789,0.00006141919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09600468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4641007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413932834","doi":"10.3390/technologies13090390","title":"Classifying XAI Methods to Resolve Conceptual Ambiguity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Ambiguity; Computer science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06582860507179016,"gpt":0.3999974973214919,"spread":0.3341688922497018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007410736,0.0001856427,0.0002572272,0.0004345849,0.0002653745,0.0002016032,0.002615462,0.0002220736,0.000005504773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002032765,0.0001742106,0.00006949041,0.001961469,0.0003809952,0.0003728623,0.002014098,0.0003478181,0.0001804424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001500752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001006639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009987103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004947879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982499,0.00009711753,0.0003234978,0.0006116985,0.0001886378,0.0005291845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980553,0.0003671797,0.00006913263,0.001325902,0.0001422654,0.00004020833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003832075,0.00002185874,0.000158005,0.000006975635,0.0000114847,0.0000117035,0.000482381,0.0000604302,0.01232547,0.6410137,0.008787995,0.3371162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005759618,0.0001026364,0.0002420017,0.0000543822,0.000005514817,0.000002722554,0.006024845,0.007686663,0.7598057,0.1474652,0.07829141,0.0002613817],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.005183159,0.0005169331,0.9604685,0.01320144,0.0004967923,0.0002726023,0.00000111968,0.008302596,0.01155685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3730135,0.00002612374,0.625494,0.0007371689,0.00001161168,0.00008134834,3.186414e-7,0.000006718309,0.0006292506],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7474802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7104101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199614321","doi":"10.3390/technologies9030067","title":"Open-Source Script for Design and 3D Printing of Porous Structures for Soil Science","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"3D printing; Slicing; Scripting language; Porosity; Computer science; Software; Toolchain; Tortuosity; Fused filament fabrication; Mechanical engineering; Computer graphics (images); Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03174345883325511,"gpt":0.2585250352656403,"spread":0.2267815764323852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002198995,0.0000722157,0.0001539218,0.0001008535,0.0001065062,0.00007522972,0.0003292976,0.00005745186,4.670288e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004377231,0.00006494843,0.00002286351,0.0002318032,0.000131718,0.00008415148,0.0001953635,0.00005046747,1.124814e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000134252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000282312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006768641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003081764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994785,0.000002435956,0.0001208244,0.0001713522,0.00006019319,0.0001666487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996192,0.00005989755,0.00002805276,0.0001906445,0.00009266741,0.000009490124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008799849,0.0000127807,0.0002898983,0.0002936674,0.00007107414,0.000001346662,0.000241481,0.3638375,0.2019796,0.00347947,0.0004834715,0.429301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001389523,0.00002196519,0.00002454705,0.0000260827,0.00002132363,0.000002987869,0.0008271754,0.5736434,0.4183269,0.006658874,0.0002189716,0.00008878652],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2284746,0.00117565,0.7690848,0.00008849588,0.00003244019,0.0001469167,0.000004090638,0.0009279858,0.00006497297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7596254,0.00004895123,0.2402547,0.000004757281,0.000004038631,0.00002590615,8.183112e-7,0.00000933613,0.0000260955],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5311508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.264852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366826407","doi":"10.3390/technologies11030063","title":"Miniaturized Compact Reconfigurable Half-Mode SIW Phase Shifter with PIN Diodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Phase shift module; Insertion loss; PIN diode; Stub (electronics); Diode; Transmission line; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Printed circuit board; Microwave; W band; Waveguide; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01556948516549516,"gpt":0.2459239706931999,"spread":0.2303544855277047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009117517,0.0002415692,0.0002768203,0.000288586,0.00005606639,0.00005434982,0.0002749435,0.0001642258,0.00001996193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006872961,0.0001947159,0.00005043311,0.0005103241,0.00008960228,0.0001051946,0.00002267311,0.0002663593,0.0001864929],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004223638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001156361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001837992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000111975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990566,0.000006029426,0.0001808953,0.0002129689,0.0001065015,0.0004369803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994205,0.00006914836,0.00002184092,0.0004291557,0.00001925942,0.00004009463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001598743,0.0001312418,0.0004637875,0.0005645019,0.0005673217,0.000322666,0.0008061779,0.07466467,0.6003638,0.002296482,0.279211,0.04044845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002148821,0.0003171776,0.0004638708,0.0003114461,0.0000453675,0.00004839142,0.000920028,0.1329949,0.7941126,0.001249983,0.06637251,0.001014945],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9396631,0.0009352918,0.002155518,0.0008298885,0.0002443208,0.0002449138,0.00004272041,0.04961704,0.006267272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969894,0.0002508507,0.002221461,0.000009729232,0.00002361311,0.00002983724,0.00002829111,0.00005830776,0.0003884951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2128385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7940283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396616995","doi":"10.3390/technologies12050062","title":"Inference Analysis of Video Quality of Experience in Relation with Face Emotion, Video Advertisement, and ITU-T P.1203","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Inference; Relation (database); Face (sociological concept); Computer science; Quality (philosophy); Multimedia; Advertising; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Sociology; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05437659128501563,"gpt":0.3719598974114282,"spread":0.3175833061264125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004363995,0.0001041058,0.0002833809,0.0005564303,0.00002798772,0.0000516813,0.0004055102,0.00007783058,0.000002808881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002287199,0.00008355873,0.0000403696,0.002245363,0.0002129881,0.0006895043,0.0002701914,0.000120885,9.990365e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004227246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004796722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003558129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001659145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987596,0.00006198185,0.0004311276,0.0003461509,0.0002638472,0.000137328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990324,0.0002139957,0.0001471699,0.00051917,0.00007524047,0.0000120047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003324122,0.0002281393,0.4571249,0.0005977142,0.0004633514,0.00001903761,0.02274669,0.002298906,0.03274845,0.344206,0.00009570859,0.1394379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003357489,0.0002707893,0.7578482,0.0004017548,0.0001008778,0.000001874967,0.009434055,0.1215751,0.09937236,0.01022955,0.00009237788,0.0003372988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5779969,0.0005207619,0.4202984,0.0006119721,0.00001675258,0.00008909905,0.000002972142,0.0003892465,0.00007393483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878169,0.0001668818,0.01196266,0.00001359448,9.996347e-7,0.00002127346,0.000002022475,0.000002594454,0.00001303106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4098201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3407426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413120957","doi":"10.3390/technologies13080351","title":"Sodium Alginate-Pomegranate Peel Hydrogels for the Remediation of Heavy Metals from Water","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Environmental remediation; Sodium alginate; Heavy metals; Groundwater remediation; Sodium; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Metallurgy; Polymer chemistry; Engineering; Contamination; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167426029638576,"gpt":0.2390431601780645,"spread":0.2273688998816787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002053525,0.0001010308,0.0001383208,0.00006213492,0.0001136977,0.00001506797,0.0003660468,0.0001203489,0.0001468683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008181785,0.00005341136,0.0000888997,0.0001922025,0.0003952735,0.00008873764,0.0001970254,0.00008304808,0.000104269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005035345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004326831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003658528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992647,0.00001270223,0.0002004181,0.0001896683,0.0001521614,0.0001803158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995468,0.00007753255,0.00006532996,0.0002907396,0.00001057461,0.000009077329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008170001,0.0000626995,0.001581613,0.00001285889,0.00007607421,7.512966e-7,0.0001473078,0.0001139803,0.9195819,0.005059175,0.0102931,0.06298888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002849419,0.00003158201,0.001791986,0.000007182127,0.00003633274,5.689312e-7,0.0004561517,0.002476841,0.9194444,0.02075564,0.05462788,0.00008652343],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9426278,0.0005121666,0.01917889,0.03186371,0.0004026539,0.0008763997,0.0001022728,0.001554715,0.002881421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972638,0.00008172085,0.001307072,0.0001285477,0.000006301593,0.0000368659,0.00001262742,0.000004866933,0.001158141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06290235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2178052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2291323141","doi":"10.3390/technologies4010009","title":"Environmental Performance of Hypothetical Canadian Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Processes Using Life-Cycle Techniques","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Integrated gasification combined cycle; Life-cycle assessment; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Combustion; Coal; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Electricity generation; Clean coal; Pulverized coal-fired boiler; Pollutant; Coal combustion products; Clean coal technology; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Engineering; Climate change; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00677151911456552,"gpt":0.1821973573446886,"spread":0.1754258382301231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000084116,0.000291409,0.0003190067,0.0004636318,0.00002922934,0.0000107977,0.0005009014,0.0005387522,0.00000740939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003196977,0.0002239057,0.00005062005,0.0003361165,0.0005723398,0.0001708801,0.0001245993,0.0002641736,0.000003824336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000398045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007928467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001012759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000919689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987284,0.000008082514,0.0003070497,0.0002758868,0.0001997424,0.0004808505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992164,0.00005522312,0.00006893431,0.0005707635,0.0000277604,0.00006086733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003040984,0.0000452161,0.01642346,0.0004048891,0.00008492392,0.00001839221,0.0001456097,0.001444852,0.920712,0.0004307879,0.000223867,0.0600356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001494785,0.00007743267,0.002589316,0.000240821,0.00003102742,0.00003622426,0.0003779528,0.002292172,0.9928872,0.0005357451,0.0003932092,0.000389436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867827,0.001891305,0.0002303276,0.0002671575,0.00007585007,0.0003106237,0.00003882226,0.009771476,0.0006317823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964189,0.0009726551,0.002451688,0.000008807496,0.00001598739,0.00006125974,0.000001426415,0.00005543415,0.00001382252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07217519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9130608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387422232","doi":"10.3390/technologies11050138","title":"Heuristic Weight Initialization for Diagnosing Heart Diseases Using Feature Ranking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Initialization; Artificial intelligence; Heuristic; Machine learning; Classifier (UML); Feature (linguistics); Feature engineering; Deep learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2371329315287754,"gpt":0.5158390178956147,"spread":0.2787060863668394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003198092,0.000161528,0.000269448,0.0003426266,0.00157461,0.00001961418,0.0002370678,0.0004224666,0.00001682815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004937162,0.0001482833,0.00006832163,0.0008920434,0.0001501331,0.0001515995,0.0002046181,0.0004253547,0.000138904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000189559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001729001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001510699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001252339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983094,0.0001275428,0.0003949175,0.0003278821,0.0001814477,0.000658861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972779,0.001924924,0.0001639237,0.0003618435,0.0002305247,0.00004091143],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001460295,0.00006803391,0.7712179,0.002385579,0.00004275396,0.00004050347,0.003042748,0.0007933963,0.002858949,0.03563542,0.1522159,0.0315528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001150533,0.0004652474,0.03280172,0.006805191,0.0003032342,0.00001316369,0.1039376,0.2965553,0.02150358,0.3766655,0.1578108,0.0019881],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9130485,0.002830121,0.01840626,0.02800173,0.004018455,0.004397854,0.0002812197,0.02878613,0.0002297139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959316,0.0002723891,0.00236728,0.0003552495,0.0003090723,0.0005565503,0.00007831184,0.00005050674,0.00007905873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7384162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413021461","doi":"10.3390/technologies13080342","title":"Seeing Opportunity in Virtual Reality: A Rapid Review of the Use of VR as a Tool in Vision Care","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto East General Hospital; York University; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Virtual reality; MEDLINE; Medicine; Randomized controlled trial; Personalization; Data extraction; Systematic review; Psychological intervention; Medical physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Pathology; World Wide Web; Nursing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.195041895887451,"gpt":0.4543895036234096,"spread":0.2593476077359586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005271835,0.0002972843,0.002501464,0.0004950126,0.00003431592,0.000002617905,0.0003402376,0.0005604988,0.00001017205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007803949,0.000177493,0.0003494508,0.001212534,0.0004237161,0.00005513466,0.0008296429,0.000783732,0.000001515942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001418679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005397107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009281702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001455181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980091,0.0002725562,0.001005727,0.0003034759,0.0001998067,0.0002093365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980137,0.0005127727,0.000499966,0.0008605284,0.0001024179,0.00001058381],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001821406,0.0001648223,0.0005842268,0.2397983,0.00006315498,0.00004436064,0.00006797451,7.31203e-8,6.74165e-7,0.0002446616,0.0009595557,0.758054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002536169,0.0009703016,0.0003830314,0.6831074,0.0006600085,0.00004945547,0.0009074116,6.629483e-7,0.00002079776,0.00008251374,0.3134021,0.0001627339],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007646322,0.9959589,6.851081e-7,0.0005026577,0.00007347042,0.001950544,0.000045049,0.0001755153,0.0005285021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002485588,0.9970173,0.00004282886,0.00009880187,0.000003866587,0.0001518172,0.00003003277,0.00001132209,0.0001583889],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7578912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9342619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407560990","doi":"10.3390/technologies13020081","title":"Research on Circuit Partitioning Algorithm Based on Partition Connectivity Clustering and Tabu Search","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","keywords":"Tabu search; Cluster analysis; Partition (number theory); Benchmark (surveying); Algorithm; Graph partition; Computer science; Vertex (graph theory); Mathematics; Theoretical computer science; Graph; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06252756984955835,"gpt":0.3266941586500502,"spread":0.2641665888004918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005969725,0.0001276935,0.0001471854,0.0006166552,0.0002070078,0.00007981954,0.0001575787,0.0002062331,0.000006063347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001176739,0.000127709,0.00002409997,0.0005517673,0.000171927,0.00008291161,0.00007839657,0.0005756788,0.00001591464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001389672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001605442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001649184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009079565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999029,0.00005266128,0.0001264764,0.000250032,0.0001988176,0.0003430308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.0002845829,0.000009506888,0.0003309305,0.00005173976,0.00001932397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002396086,0.00009447521,0.0009173988,0.0002651808,0.00003462416,0.0000322292,0.00008069389,0.01232911,0.01407889,0.02349062,0.006053351,0.9425995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002838255,0.0003112874,0.001894222,0.0004638981,0.000005909115,0.000002028884,0.0006104735,0.634411,0.3480018,0.01294754,0.0008426443,0.000225307],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1672036,0.0004975083,0.7771469,0.001245931,0.0001848624,0.0008036884,0.00002535819,0.02389612,0.02899601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997707,0.0001276345,0.001887166,0.00003226343,0.00001313318,0.0001841169,0.00000423583,0.00001643481,0.00002801086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9423742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5207824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414267304","doi":"10.3390/technologies13090418","title":"Examining Technological Applications Used for the Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Concussed Individuals: A Rapid Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto East General Hospital; University Health Network; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Rehabilitation; Cognition; Cognitive rehabilitation therapy; Athletes; Cognitive Assessment System; Quality assessment; Quality (philosophy)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2357597914517762,"gpt":0.4853215597631895,"spread":0.2495617683114133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00204751,0.0003178041,0.001979795,0.0005154313,0.0001266374,0.0000192037,0.0004812403,0.0006140244,0.00001029331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0104569,0.0001807623,0.0002528019,0.001194957,0.001739162,0.0000333055,0.000368644,0.0007911881,0.00000258072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001072581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005102898,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.90845e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.953853e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978434,0.0001653471,0.0008865243,0.0005115899,0.0003326562,0.0002604559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9772999,0.02107101,0.0004976011,0.0008436069,0.0002659866,0.00002186533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003265258,0.00006253119,0.00004285044,0.1236335,0.0002945738,4.606438e-7,0.00001404751,2.341774e-9,0.000001161218,0.004413452,0.00125319,0.870281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007979685,0.001044,0.0001719463,0.2179219,0.004421808,0.00003070063,0.003413209,0.000007407593,0.00001431382,0.001378188,0.7705298,0.0002687831],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004627611,0.9753386,0.003778433,0.003339651,0.000013814,0.01590217,0.0002304573,0.001124987,0.0002672193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004385689,0.962615,0.01351366,0.00004021023,0.00000846528,0.02320461,0.000116111,0.00002347198,0.00003987531],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8700122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414629206","doi":"10.3390/technologies13100434","title":"Application of Foundation Models for Colorectal Cancer Tissue Classification in Mass Spectrometry Imaging","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kingston Health Sciences Centre; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Colorectal cancer; Foundation (evidence); Cancer; Tumor ablation; Cancer imaging; Scalability; Curse of dimensionality","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01201680126639037,"gpt":0.296849428427527,"spread":0.2848326271611366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001228427,0.00008586035,0.0001439258,0.0002345476,0.00003732428,0.000007997138,0.0001601827,0.00009568955,6.559917e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009984143,0.00008545511,0.00003030131,0.0003372954,0.00008718912,0.000005821312,0.00006665972,0.00004886919,3.520125e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004249702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003363379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000622973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993836,0.00000756084,0.0001855761,0.0002439772,0.00004596179,0.0001333424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996157,0.00001582993,0.00009784035,0.0001885417,0.00007754169,0.000004500625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004192903,0.00002327107,0.005983311,0.00003161332,0.00002217386,3.640331e-8,0.000005901245,0.00008422038,0.9236562,0.03565767,0.0002157805,0.03427786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003211414,0.0000598475,0.006161752,0.0000107565,0.00001638078,2.389677e-7,0.0004080167,0.01205802,0.9482848,0.02981721,0.002764832,0.00009702498],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.407172,0.003678791,0.5855114,0.001507668,0.000103503,0.0006186614,0.00002164415,0.0001417032,0.001244572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864739,0.001259225,0.01171091,0.0000142451,0.00001408921,0.000424853,0.00004472964,0.000006698544,0.00005132526],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5793019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3484758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415819605","doi":"10.3390/technologies13110499","title":"An Open-Source Neonatal Phototherapy Device","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Neonatal Health and Biochemistry","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Documentation; Quality (philosophy); Irradiance; Quality management; Ultra violet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01745716451595328,"gpt":0.3508428493486334,"spread":0.3333856848326801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000854805,0.0001063224,0.0001787231,0.00008197448,0.00008191253,0.00002688027,0.0004904173,0.0002007351,0.0000234926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006682432,0.00008446464,0.00002135748,0.00031859,0.0001343432,0.00006465083,0.0001752703,0.000229037,0.00002160291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004623107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001313867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001112383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001783322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993045,0.000005370176,0.0001350301,0.0002503376,0.00008655778,0.000218149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993289,0.00002287985,0.00003118422,0.0005369272,0.00004154328,0.00003860249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000379031,0.000171036,0.007941809,0.0003182438,0.00003233927,0.00003827843,0.00003728679,2.661585e-7,0.103684,0.001160749,0.01207208,0.8741648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001077001,0.0003200404,0.002718294,0.0001515538,0.00001379735,0.00003298445,0.001778499,0.00005180553,0.7683165,0.0007130187,0.2247061,0.0001204316],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777701,0.003914522,0.0003434936,0.007196596,0.0000680898,0.0004738831,0.000006769792,0.003971654,0.006254878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925274,0.0002235237,0.00323386,0.001917685,0.00001568649,0.00004818453,0.00001845904,0.000009972853,0.002005237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8740444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3444368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414199925","doi":"10.3390/technologies13090417","title":"Life Damage Online Monitoring Technology of a Steam Turbine Rotor Start-Up Based on an Empirical-Statistical Model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Turbine; Rotor (electric); Steam turbine; Nonlinear system; Stress (linguistics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01765350094619746,"gpt":0.2929996993681213,"spread":0.2753461984219238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001102904,0.0002361319,0.0003628474,0.0005450562,0.0000398044,0.00001263166,0.0004281045,0.0004138937,0.000002779242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001812923,0.0002127288,0.00004419552,0.0005982941,0.000212865,0.0000444245,0.0001127464,0.0005439536,0.000002877464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008902013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006846596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004537245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002972699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998898,0.000009360068,0.000345208,0.0002822882,0.0001518819,0.0003132983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988061,0.0002381207,0.0000302894,0.0007948391,0.00007631128,0.00005433571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002609308,0.0003316812,0.008160452,0.0003789002,0.00004648626,0.000009367815,0.00002190626,0.9660613,0.006936344,0.003871459,0.001661595,0.01249443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003575254,0.0002079623,0.002301519,0.0001620266,0.00002488573,2.314066e-7,0.0002176534,0.959634,0.03384682,0.002608156,0.0004306249,0.0002085961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8558995,0.0004212369,0.1321592,0.001073785,0.0003971357,0.0003633356,0.0001992856,0.009259101,0.0002274478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9553893,0.0001041352,0.04433927,0.00002114961,0.00001487425,0.00006987894,0.00001650126,0.00002986218,0.00001502088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09948981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8674829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408777426","doi":"10.3390/technologies13040125","title":"Moving the Open-Source Broadly Reconfigurable and Expandable Automation Device (BREAD) Towards a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadian Seaplants (Canada); Western University","funders":"","keywords":"SCADA; Supervisory control; Automation; Open source; Data acquisition; Embedded system; Control (management); Control system; Computer science; Engineering; Control engineering; Systems engineering; Operating system; Electrical engineering; Software; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01918721422244489,"gpt":0.2448576688003213,"spread":0.2256704545778764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004681389,0.0001527077,0.0002518308,0.0001225513,0.0002487808,0.0003642175,0.0005962495,0.000174093,0.000001675004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008649041,0.0001152699,0.0000146216,0.000238294,0.00006734113,0.0004371655,0.0002187933,0.0001685817,0.000004806167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006754618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001966772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003752541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007106491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991462,0.00004636018,0.0002415507,0.0002734,0.0000977026,0.0001947629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991676,0.0001010138,0.0000439816,0.0006368628,0.00003425943,0.00001628912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000123224,0.000031181,0.001347706,0.002102367,0.0005407708,0.000009476158,0.0007701674,0.002605893,0.06100207,0.00892956,0.0215795,0.9009581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001192663,0.00003377522,0.002025661,0.0004138936,0.00006287177,0.00005443715,0.01407883,0.947058,0.004501908,0.0001501937,0.0302057,0.0002221148],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7946039,0.04424867,0.06246751,0.00622593,0.001196935,0.003734848,0.0001532854,0.04392569,0.04344327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99922,0.0001885245,0.0001462889,0.00007267638,0.00001485431,0.0001526701,0.000007040388,0.00001509345,0.0001828717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.944452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4700572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389675165","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060180","title":"Correction: Tamadon et al. Influence of WC-Based Pin Tool Profile on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA1100 FSW Welds. Technologies 2020, 8, 34","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering drawing; Computer science; Engineering; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008731785393290566,"gpt":0.2300678912353826,"spread":0.221336105842092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001678958,0.0002655171,0.0004371835,0.0004756276,0.00005518013,0.00001761857,0.0004502138,0.000382572,0.000003085894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007501263,0.0002235347,0.00007664893,0.001218716,0.0004063368,0.0001315662,0.0002724861,0.000509941,0.000005065566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006749835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002075138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001674818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008960392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987622,0.00001554068,0.0003892475,0.0003385447,0.0002144344,0.0002800541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990276,0.00008598052,0.0001315792,0.0006490004,0.00009483164,0.00001105295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005390411,0.0000270535,0.0004386458,0.0003274156,0.00007430034,0.00001081333,0.00003970559,0.05078204,0.8944963,0.001314731,0.02020724,0.03222781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001513007,0.0001977238,0.0002994944,0.0003684886,0.00002339052,0.000006600065,0.0006254509,0.02388558,0.9701993,0.002212973,0.001783707,0.0002459561],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9676697,0.0006587417,0.002253673,0.002695786,0.0001223854,0.000524084,0.00004134177,0.02596049,0.00007381032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867973,0.001340908,0.01157228,0.0000389368,0.00000270415,0.0001804811,0.000007433277,0.00003739361,0.00002260895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07570299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9115481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}