{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c3066de3f26a","filters":{"venue":"The Adelphi Papers"}},"results":[{"id":"W1998079719","doi":"10.1080/05679320500379277","title":"The proliferation security initiative","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"China; Political science; Accountability; Face (sociological concept); Public administration; International trade; Key (lock); International law; Law; Business; Computer security; Sociology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Mark J. Valencia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02519580683780239,"gpt":0.3280806560227901,"spread":0.3028848491849877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005330892,0.00004141574,0.00003009464,0.00001389084,0.001439922,0.00007879153,0.0002044601,0.00003314612,0.0001780029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002300123,0.00002239977,0.00003700075,0.0001060246,0.0002528499,0.0001555453,0.0000172267,0.0001057058,0.0001620914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000802178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009319653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001131583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001024909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993445,0.0001191342,0.00009351023,0.0000597862,0.0002408407,0.0001422883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995196,0.0002427874,0.00004700626,0.00008879064,0.00007293258,0.00002881645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005619058,0.000006423048,0.0000735695,1.564199e-7,0.00001005941,9.024262e-8,0.01841987,0.00004350582,0.000009652439,0.9759917,0.002400137,0.003039222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001049368,0.00001331158,0.002400686,0.000003558881,0.000008647105,0.000001039104,0.007218584,0.0008147828,0.00004559008,0.1083272,0.8809953,0.00006629994],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02162614,0.00009016885,0.00001789291,0.0512001,0.00005959467,0.0001809883,0.000003695483,0.00002959501,0.9267918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938423,0.0001318657,0.00001961352,0.001651144,0.0007042465,0.00002421931,0.000002172897,0.000003440072,0.003621006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9722161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017046986","doi":"10.1080/05679320500129037","title":"The resource curse","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Resource curse; Endowment; Resource (disambiguation); Natural resource; Curse; Politics; Development economics; Vulnerability (computing); Blessing; Corporate governance; Economics; Political science; Economic growth; Business; Economic system; Political economy; Geography; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Philippe Le Billon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02076682228914137,"gpt":0.2023219927916472,"spread":0.1815551705025059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007276082,0.000124655,0.0001583314,0.00003547326,0.0004947434,0.000109847,0.0005804489,0.00005261451,0.0005156889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006462854,0.00007714827,0.0001100915,0.0001094088,0.00012697,0.00007611876,0.0001031945,0.0001998177,0.002603804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000103824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001018929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004106824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004847112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989602,0.00001238793,0.0003990915,0.0002337643,0.00003472716,0.0003598106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991746,0.0001376846,0.0001755162,0.0004367887,0.000006381453,0.00006904185],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001409783,0.0000750297,0.005817459,0.00001130958,0.0003281759,0.000004251763,0.006975016,0.001753952,0.00006555379,0.5303792,0.1957002,0.2587488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001930407,0.00001058369,0.005454596,0.000003089334,0.000002030614,0.000005522644,0.0004697716,0.00064044,0.00001812328,0.003117648,0.9899495,0.0001356734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2762728,0.01312057,0.00001659714,0.109669,0.0005347893,0.0003309984,0.00002353726,0.00008652797,0.5999452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9658906,0.0006665722,0.0001004833,0.003445109,0.0003483141,0.00002212473,0.000003401885,0.00002068576,0.02950274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7942492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976938477","doi":"10.1080/05679320601176143","title":"US Military Primacy and the New Operating System","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"Military and Defense Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Aeronautics; Psychology; History; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Paul Mitchell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009752409625908906,"gpt":0.2462166663454861,"spread":0.2364642567195772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001123145,0.00009033403,0.0001366563,0.00001079581,0.001732936,0.00002829301,0.0002013142,0.00003071662,0.00003466384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001047855,0.00004484101,0.00005781603,0.0001242974,0.0007306951,0.00007812763,0.00006841629,0.0001004778,0.00001962873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002966435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006107149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04140898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00727507,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988514,0.0004057039,0.0001535666,0.0001439553,0.0002179089,0.0002274942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993359,0.0004009685,0.00002523031,0.0001734735,0.00002179485,0.00004261551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001546351,0.00002683273,0.003344501,0.00006852572,0.0001602718,0.00001816661,0.1784283,0.0007232578,0.0004691731,0.769104,0.04059976,0.006902551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004064183,0.00009619488,0.04539518,0.0001893531,0.000318174,0.00004391712,0.495218,0.0009599606,0.00007281655,0.01197982,0.4408849,0.0007774984],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4284261,0.02348358,0.00001598976,0.03340979,0.0002979359,0.0005731359,0.00000431336,0.0001420945,0.5136471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948132,0.0003323579,0.00008367228,0.0006597312,0.0005807655,0.00001086809,8.159278e-7,0.00000546011,0.003513098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7571242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065883971","doi":"10.1080/05679320500129052","title":"Implications for conflict prevention and termination","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Philippe Le Billon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05319162716123294,"gpt":0.2676776941192319,"spread":0.2144860669579989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002502277,0.00006037551,0.00009698221,0.00004077741,0.0001374693,0.00003692586,0.00009863167,0.00003510992,0.00009702742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002749056,0.00005210094,0.00004375669,0.00003815704,0.0000280961,0.00008972037,0.00002272665,0.00003949308,0.00006003908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004941083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005422742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000867256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001323528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994912,0.000002915225,0.0002220218,0.0001554417,0.000007584205,0.0001208036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996758,0.00004517706,0.0001170343,0.0001235854,0.000008170528,0.00003021593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003958998,0.0000635312,0.01219108,0.00003094083,0.0001169688,6.790177e-8,0.003085568,0.000164222,0.0006970157,0.5305728,0.00712357,0.4459146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003367116,0.00002416709,0.1492769,0.00000381061,0.000003940355,0.000003707398,0.00009338966,0.001111206,0.00003725017,0.01558115,0.8334222,0.0001056072],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8582301,0.003914818,0.001125137,0.06542359,0.0002172508,0.001006014,0.0001033176,0.00005888403,0.06992087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932052,0.000296763,0.0007125639,0.0006913215,0.00009472662,0.00007920099,0.00001562196,0.000008263309,0.004896296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8262986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2124615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241258736","doi":"10.1080/05679320601176267","title":"NOTES","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Interoperability; Network-centric warfare; Multinational corporation; State (computer science); Situation awareness; Political science; Work (physics); Situational ethics; Computer security; Engineering; Operations research; Computer science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Paul Mitchell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01902054130114168,"gpt":0.2827879691443839,"spread":0.2637674278432423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003001262,0.00006033744,0.00006801119,0.00001352252,0.0009936423,0.00003795809,0.0002068379,0.00003584173,0.0002989468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008935243,0.00004132235,0.00005931587,0.0001619808,0.0004621251,0.00005549848,0.00003480951,0.00008062161,0.0001290302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002604533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003093459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01297528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02943799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992969,0.0000799603,0.00007892887,0.00009661051,0.0002200623,0.0002275476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995902,0.0002128284,0.00002686626,0.0001197856,0.00002438789,0.00002594716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001423741,0.00005501565,0.003165782,0.000003861928,0.00003901553,0.000007185467,0.05323105,0.00003980543,0.0004282397,0.9059848,0.02587152,0.01115951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001206539,0.000009706988,0.01710731,0.000006334228,0.00002134807,8.326978e-7,0.0208085,0.000002069557,0.00006168772,0.01961343,0.9421156,0.0001325191],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.123158,0.0007589233,0.00000499113,0.05935111,0.0002549588,0.0001285502,0.000003540849,0.0001358364,0.8162041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961168,0.0001119471,0.00001804054,0.0006192637,0.0004748166,0.0000076522,0.000001202168,0.000004678865,0.002645575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9162441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210659868","doi":"10.1080/05679320601176127","title":"GLOSSARY","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Adelphi Papers","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Interoperability; Network-centric warfare; Situation awareness; Multinational corporation; State (computer science); Work (physics); Glossary; Political science; Computer security; Operations research; Engineering; Computer science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Paul Mitchell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0146736585656118,"gpt":0.2746019645830368,"spread":0.259928306017425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003210583,0.00006438951,0.00007169298,0.00001385297,0.001062653,0.00003719822,0.0002358531,0.00003967495,0.0003385216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004121643,0.00004483292,0.00006480246,0.0001808188,0.0005126537,0.00006502626,0.00004152717,0.0000915221,0.0001468221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003355581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003827905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008503309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01435027,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992278,0.0000916975,0.00008586046,0.0001044925,0.0002457511,0.0002443543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996763,0.0001088208,0.00002790057,0.0001336083,0.00002370621,0.0000295936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001959618,0.00006831307,0.002656355,0.000004696636,0.0000482535,0.0000137468,0.04374865,0.00002692334,0.0002823249,0.8380018,0.1060078,0.009121534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001068679,0.000007999703,0.013699,0.000005197742,0.00001741782,0.000001069076,0.0218197,0.000001462131,0.00001957465,0.01726705,0.9469469,0.0001077675],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0889466,0.0008093721,0.000001881784,0.02987238,0.0002294507,0.0001080463,0.000003364895,0.0001127488,0.8799161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920999,0.0001355314,0.00001539634,0.0007557538,0.0005421425,0.000008090255,0.000001618648,0.000005017393,0.006436515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9031534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}