{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":40,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":40,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"79fc25d0763d","filters":{"venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law"}},"results":[{"id":"W3122619448","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2014.0030","title":"Economic and Social Rights in National Constitutions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Library science; Media studies; Göran; Sociology; Law; Art; Humanities; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Courtney Jung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ran Hirschl","is_ca":true},{"name":"Evan Rosevear","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03941342542345785,"gpt":0.3452246130410009,"spread":0.3058111876175431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005740737,0.00004571549,0.0001973158,0.00003350855,0.0007696967,0.00002613932,0.0001114854,0.000007943747,0.00001518571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007206736,0.00003064804,0.00003603267,0.00007925805,0.004739489,0.0001112312,0.00001563204,0.00009693639,0.00001124261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008536808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001751875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002857406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01225918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992736,0.0002573668,0.0001647814,0.00004551025,0.000165138,0.0000935872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993505,0.0003017951,0.0001967537,0.00001649441,0.0001065613,0.00002783708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002576372,0.000009133253,0.0006618655,1.233521e-7,0.0000214328,3.859709e-7,0.003807845,0.00004686852,0.000006435471,0.9949467,0.0003274168,0.0001460839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002849039,0.00008967412,0.01468852,0.00001097933,0.0000136254,0.000009248432,0.00438176,0.00002465037,0.00001377292,0.7669936,0.2134085,0.00008069008],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8075987,0.00006160005,0.0001561118,0.006339338,0.0001051138,0.00004076098,0.000003516927,0.000003266023,0.1856917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991254,0.00001143155,0.00006393178,0.0004175063,0.0003663409,0.000001306668,1.667738e-7,5.659885e-7,0.00001332372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.227953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032899432","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2010.0015","title":"The Legacy of Empire: The Common Law Inheritance and Commitments to Legality in Former British Colonies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Legal Issues in South Africa","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of legality; Colonialism; Indigenous; Political science; Law; Inheritance (genetic algorithm); Population; Rule of law; Jurisprudence; Corporate governance; Sociology; Politics; Demography; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Ronald J. Daniels","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Trebilcock","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lindsey D. Carson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03161779720101658,"gpt":0.3712986535816661,"spread":0.3396808563806495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001978387,0.0001067068,0.0004306967,0.00001605835,0.0009018698,0.0002996059,0.0009602581,0.00002264524,0.00001159193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005229583,0.00006014647,0.00007020916,0.0004237893,0.007014606,0.0003853499,0.0001132082,0.0005739456,0.000003338752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004742638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000832861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01297484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1543249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977568,0.0009455294,0.0004527731,0.00009508315,0.0004753175,0.0002745304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975948,0.001206691,0.0006071015,0.0002578692,0.0002334116,0.0001001772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005091258,0.0001772201,0.02775354,0.000004374132,0.0001375315,0.00001309868,0.339819,0.00003159774,0.000401582,0.6236678,0.002523515,0.004961596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006911021,0.0008614875,0.09122518,0.00009840055,0.00004893867,0.00003242944,0.08476939,0.00001408967,0.0008384375,0.05462326,0.7665428,0.0002545179],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9654953,0.0006328699,0.00001010567,0.008911783,0.0002264655,0.0002743488,0.000007455311,0.000005174491,0.02443653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998336,0.00004968447,0.0002273874,0.001140932,0.0001190295,0.000009143241,1.209752e-7,0.000006208343,0.0001115012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7640193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2512887929","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2015.0007","title":"Judging Stereotypes: What the European Court of Human Rights Can Borrow from American and Canadian Equal Protection Law","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Harm; Law; Stereotype (UML); Human rights; Raising (metalworking); Transformative learning; Sociology; Political science; Common law; Psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra Timmer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0628466398633027,"gpt":0.313046563790455,"spread":0.2501999239271523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001568374,0.000144807,0.0004585315,0.00005840276,0.001131585,0.0002410753,0.0005528261,0.00001441717,0.00001443359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007533267,0.00007912338,0.00007709363,0.0002990805,0.02921616,0.0004149338,0.00003300103,0.0003017954,0.000005083023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001546435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002161665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4792641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7003213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966592,0.002071637,0.0003648708,0.0001334069,0.0004767618,0.0002940845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979919,0.0001890207,0.0008982582,0.0002113808,0.0003521214,0.0003572927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235859,0.00005530413,0.000350379,0.000001552939,0.0002136096,0.00001941301,0.1895024,0.00007562211,0.0002343377,0.8058758,0.0007467792,0.002801123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002006727,0.004318767,0.003925281,0.0003687204,0.000397037,0.00006282355,0.4555501,0.0002068875,0.001643389,0.2746021,0.2560235,0.0008946448],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975112,0.0002215889,0.001339303,0.004557379,0.000300311,0.000247325,0.0000148944,0.00001282659,0.01819434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986689,0.00001924338,0.000104759,0.0005226227,0.0006005258,0.00000194715,0.000001349822,0.00001053093,0.00007012197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5312737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9734257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121612408","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2012.0017","title":"Justice for Profit: A Comparative Analysis of Australian, Canadian and U.S. Third Party Litigation Funding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Jurisdiction; Class action; Economic Justice; Political science; Context (archaeology); Civil procedure; Law; Civil litigation; Public administration; Business; State (computer science)","authors":[{"name":"Jasminka Kalajdzic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Kenneth Cashman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alana Longmoore","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1120902607687087,"gpt":0.3554160378716755,"spread":0.2433257771029668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004938408,0.0001082714,0.0004663684,0.0002940413,0.0002698422,0.00008861273,0.0001387782,0.0000141919,0.00003698063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001097109,0.00007504802,0.0001391151,0.0008996937,0.0003891905,0.0007176641,0.00001847361,0.0001158519,0.000006014419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000495749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004083154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002954401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007693086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991464,0.00004781971,0.0003326106,0.00007151019,0.0001613974,0.0002402625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984242,0.0001655184,0.0008682336,0.00009285272,0.0003880743,0.00006113746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001830528,0.00005030228,0.02260619,0.00003637038,0.001335215,4.33084e-7,0.002337868,0.001059726,0.0004249651,0.9645747,0.007076259,0.0003149292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008933522,0.0002099573,0.4821288,0.0000983435,0.008460635,0.00001409662,0.05117224,0.01323297,0.0004079814,0.003653766,0.4393073,0.0004205058],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769751,0.00007741564,0.0009882222,0.002672027,0.0001479697,0.0001850048,0.00001975436,0.00000656705,0.01892788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985755,0.000005287064,0.0003116317,0.0006373519,0.0003156759,0.000007272426,0.000009002066,0.000003935119,0.0001343301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9609209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.446619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W151487474","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/53.1.125","title":"The Question of Case Selection in Comparative Constitutional Law","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Constitutional law; Comparative law; Analogy; Political science; Field (mathematics); Comparative politics; Constitutional economics; Politics; Epistemology; Law; Sociology; Law and economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ran Hirschl","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04990095304799595,"gpt":0.3854993611052266,"spread":0.3355984080572306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001073478,0.00008135934,0.0003090458,0.00003237542,0.001144462,0.00003072119,0.0001772417,0.00001326867,0.0000128791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001805659,0.00004688153,0.00007568007,0.0003810556,0.012413,0.0002136028,0.00001917702,0.0002154482,0.000007252777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001481245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002623765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006081414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05479418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983186,0.0007314921,0.0003797174,0.00006406331,0.0003495812,0.00015656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981613,0.0007474064,0.000546095,0.00003975809,0.0004596284,0.00004581194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001897799,0.0000573707,0.0004275873,2.938484e-7,0.00006522233,0.000007670873,0.007299325,0.001635708,0.00007654807,0.9895323,0.0002191346,0.0004890836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001834534,0.001640549,0.01322421,0.0002584125,0.0002224635,0.001527021,0.1605329,0.0006337147,0.002587503,0.4299582,0.3870207,0.0005598192],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9144327,0.0009909037,0.0009646842,0.005379282,0.0001385649,0.0001696092,0.000005728217,0.000007225632,0.07791127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990943,0.00008957941,0.0002325095,0.0002541146,0.0003014746,0.000003958909,1.972743e-7,0.00000108471,0.00002279267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5595741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9902747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898009316","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avy034","title":"Proportionality and the Inevitability of the Local: A Comparative Localist Analysis of Canada and Ireland","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Scholarship; Legitimacy; Compromise; Law and economics; Political science; Positive economics; Consistency (knowledge bases); Law; Epistemology; Sociology; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"David Kenny","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02403770981125658,"gpt":0.3254768350099044,"spread":0.3014391251986479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001634885,0.00007668132,0.0006519975,0.00001290296,0.0003287836,0.00001656959,0.0002750862,0.00001075197,0.00001255469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006487981,0.00003146597,0.00009639627,0.0005549263,0.01688327,0.00006324185,0.00004953469,0.0001280997,7.196278e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000704281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004047872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.697537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8190137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975952,0.001217512,0.0004578937,0.0000789662,0.0005109395,0.0001394725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971586,0.0009641299,0.001141212,0.0001591239,0.0004960714,0.00008084175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005113535,0.00005184176,0.06335185,0.000008084645,0.0008335338,4.490061e-7,0.02294606,0.0001297739,0.0000238478,0.9115259,0.0004648764,0.0001524345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005486078,0.0002419993,0.9520268,0.00005319389,0.0004785484,0.000005729596,0.01560845,0.0008079782,0.0003148231,0.02108561,0.008729287,0.00009894167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922693,0.0002150517,0.0003880699,0.003593145,0.00004212493,0.0001400162,0.00003243926,8.590362e-7,0.003319002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995752,0.000009509412,0.00001674864,0.0002959737,0.00005675464,0.000001462831,1.116321e-7,0.000001249528,0.00004300272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8904403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9857922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948548308","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaa025","title":"Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility? Legislative Innovation and Judicial Application in China","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate social responsibility; Legislation; Statutory law; Business; Corporate law; Law; Legislature; Fiduciary; Political science; Law and economics; Economics; Duty; Corporate governance","authors":[{"name":"Li-Wen Lin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05502441046427409,"gpt":0.2802558946435457,"spread":0.2252314841792716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005081919,0.000116085,0.0003626868,0.000121093,0.0001993363,0.00009887472,0.0001766807,0.00001410784,0.00001414851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004575993,0.0000803205,0.00003462073,0.0008615163,0.0006196912,0.0006337385,0.0000578355,0.0002468886,0.0000140399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002371814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003846069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008910761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002236385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990669,0.00008308095,0.0004211264,0.0001280719,0.0001907539,0.0001100397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980556,0.00005174841,0.001544146,0.00006993352,0.0002679003,0.00001070276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001384491,0.00004110122,0.003493542,0.000009797274,0.00002744282,0.000006453972,0.002903821,0.00004451724,0.001102005,0.988917,0.0005329348,0.001536888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009671849,0.0001949645,0.2027489,0.00002303884,0.00004524607,0.000004479813,0.001071361,0.001644042,0.0001168376,0.7829922,0.009991825,0.0001999294],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907894,0.00002077816,0.001071635,0.004371617,0.00003857542,0.0001621252,0.000001596065,0.00001140397,0.003532868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966107,0.00000138806,0.00005735233,0.00240972,0.0008961473,0.000002941658,0.00000417886,0.000007227121,0.00001031615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2059248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3275375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984946490","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2013.0002","title":"Can Class Action Regimes Operate Satisfactorily without a Certification Device? Empirical Insights from the Federal Court of Australia","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Certification; Supreme court; Class (philosophy); Empirical research; Political science; Law; Action (physics); Law and economics; Judicial review; Sociology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Vince Morabito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jane Caruana","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1135351901416635,"gpt":0.3480042356300905,"spread":0.234469045488427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013802,0.0001520611,0.0003725513,0.00005734871,0.0003225055,0.0003018277,0.0003298933,0.0000228947,0.0001558346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001044848,0.00008055649,0.0001161537,0.0003690274,0.0004810495,0.000749938,0.0000395639,0.000270779,0.00008786358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005934289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004692999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005372583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001888469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998817,0.0001395905,0.0004441486,0.0001158868,0.0003336069,0.0001497684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979156,0.000147405,0.001138587,0.0002129808,0.0005584119,0.00002704665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001530457,0.0008840155,0.1489375,0.00004650629,0.002084146,0.000006785148,0.009138075,0.003013847,0.05794552,0.5583895,0.2116036,0.006419978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006626167,0.0001351066,0.8165506,0.00009067247,0.0002081427,0.00001189285,0.01350231,0.003597242,0.001144953,0.009722085,0.1541141,0.0002602682],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793098,0.00004376726,0.0005074703,0.01618085,0.0002555191,0.0001830294,0.000003491112,0.00001171071,0.003504369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975855,0.00001173703,0.0000845684,0.001525698,0.0006089417,0.000009315306,0.000006517919,0.00000968172,0.0001580035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6676131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8121775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061848164","doi":"10.2307/840922","title":"The Forms and Limits of Constitutional Interpretation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretation (philosophy); Constitutional interpretation; Constitutional law; Law; Philosophy; Classics; Political science; Sociology; History; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"David M. Beatty","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04431623167121233,"gpt":0.3530826325833741,"spread":0.3087664009121618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004856858,0.00004286882,0.0001612759,0.00001404568,0.0007383273,0.0000242787,0.0001455445,0.000005653118,0.000005461595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002859315,0.00002064896,0.00004581735,0.0001513129,0.01115692,0.0001181231,0.00001552273,0.00008036354,0.000001898495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002201975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000276442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008055331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992981,0.000154223,0.0001906756,0.00003248308,0.0002378611,0.00008664616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875,0.0005697934,0.0003490864,0.00003195996,0.0002667194,0.00003247922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001829694,0.0000118645,0.001322819,1.896593e-7,0.00005902904,8.248694e-7,0.004600319,0.00003363614,0.00003920631,0.9897544,0.0001009182,0.003893803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004185768,0.0006984961,0.03000188,0.00008955448,0.00008256092,0.00008354116,0.06821463,0.00006236447,0.000204707,0.7566549,0.1433503,0.0001385482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9047117,0.001210282,0.001949476,0.005592635,0.0001155276,0.00006694921,0.000001904167,0.000002906292,0.08634867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989651,0.0006339254,0.0000499324,0.0002269159,0.00009682638,0.000001119127,8.849685e-8,6.011156e-7,0.00002546981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2330995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9915341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951270789","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avz015","title":"The Magnetism of Moral Reasoning and the Principle of Proportionality in Comparative Constitutional Adjudication","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Adjudication; Law; Constitutionality; Jurisprudence; Constitutional law; Politics; Constitution; Political science; Law and economics; Normative; Moral reasoning; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Richard Stacey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03932392676279167,"gpt":0.3511782601717788,"spread":0.3118543334089871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001780774,0.00006820005,0.0003886506,0.00002170178,0.0004426782,0.00001603988,0.0002483481,0.00001050408,0.00001488336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004812976,0.00003223564,0.00006844892,0.0002706995,0.02022577,0.0001149743,0.00004714684,0.000163478,0.000001938133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004066718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000341096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001392531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008441227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982232,0.0006997982,0.0004390257,0.00006628845,0.0004592061,0.000112452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974951,0.0009597849,0.001009865,0.00007962293,0.000427793,0.00002788593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004649654,0.0000320987,0.02054494,0.00000120028,0.00006359869,2.474864e-7,0.005650715,0.0002361643,0.0000473841,0.9728014,0.00002300518,0.0001342992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001657661,0.0004360545,0.562017,0.0001664275,0.00007406182,0.00001881348,0.03488839,0.0002323574,0.0002863504,0.3894165,0.01066557,0.0001407764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742074,0.001268935,0.0001322059,0.003155522,0.00007437201,0.0002702164,0.000006128175,0.000001727886,0.02088347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995317,0.0001792307,0.0001206477,0.00007990537,0.00005389248,0.000005627468,4.475547e-7,8.480083e-7,0.0000276699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5833849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9824406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248916952","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avw007","title":"Why Does Executive Greed Prevail in the United States and Canada but Not in Japan? The Pattern of Low CEO Pay and High Worker Welfare in Japanese Corporations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Corporate Governance and Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Salary; Welfare; Demographic economics; Business; Political science; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Alberto Salazar","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Raggiunti","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01370970949055788,"gpt":0.2181846504719424,"spread":0.2044749409813845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004608821,0.000145651,0.0003580904,0.00009876595,0.00009706021,0.00007498395,0.0002988863,0.00001209682,0.00001763081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001361348,0.00005104371,0.0000245244,0.0005832722,0.0006448965,0.0003939604,0.0000688686,0.0002051347,4.910802e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003721423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004267752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6329177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8404762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989272,0.0001778592,0.0004023261,0.0001092458,0.0002170537,0.0001663592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982781,0.0004372788,0.0009496346,0.0001565611,0.000168049,0.0000103812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002408688,0.00046805,0.9296268,0.00009031634,0.000245082,0.0001093692,0.02745462,0.001654453,0.001385627,0.02124217,0.007003755,0.008311034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001475037,0.0001154599,0.9284881,0.0003980888,0.00004111299,0.00001186916,0.05879273,0.0004050081,0.0001510068,0.002674317,0.007250644,0.0001966408],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783159,0.00005568265,0.0000173904,0.02126213,0.00004687813,0.0001958202,0.00001847702,0.000001801581,0.00008587974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962491,0.00007148302,0.000003094581,0.003562977,0.00005773146,0.000008060762,0.000003674352,0.00000676731,0.00003712588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2075585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3695267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281252944","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avac008","title":"Using Criminal Law to Fight Corruption: The Potential, Risks, and Limitations of Operation Car Wash (<i>Lava Jato</i>)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Impunity; Language change; Jurisprudence; Cognitive reframing; Law; Politics; Political science; Scope (computer science); Lava; Criminal law; Organised crime; State (computer science); Relation (database); Law and economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Mariana Mota Prado","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marta Rodríguez de Assis Machado","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2108142027829962,"gpt":0.3204444638352548,"spread":0.1096302610522585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002343173,0.00008128515,0.0003453856,0.00002962754,0.0003711243,0.00006673653,0.0001276626,0.000009302847,0.00002033636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000175875,0.00005382873,0.0000824882,0.000184492,0.000648754,0.0001689625,0.00005278266,0.0001221852,0.0000119554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003194115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004370086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003261198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001636601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992649,0.00007422249,0.0004074288,0.00009481037,0.00006576409,0.00009289023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989831,0.0001678581,0.0004605105,0.0001035627,0.0002441006,0.00004087991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006303612,0.00004443356,0.0003827089,0.000002842077,0.0001472232,0.000004131711,0.002684568,0.008187252,0.0009609912,0.9870421,0.0002250995,0.0002556665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004048196,0.003846437,0.2049665,0.0004089538,0.001119068,0.002067053,0.07551917,0.01594424,0.01756542,0.3401519,0.3326284,0.001734655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975303,0.003361643,0.009321622,0.004164078,0.000181934,0.00007678278,0.00004363871,0.000002185821,0.007545135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969649,0.0003504932,0.001194219,0.00132197,0.0001167815,0.000001608565,0.000001298896,0.000003308822,0.00004547068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6468901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2854426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126145115","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avx033","title":"The Ahistoricism of Legal Pluralism in International Criminal Law†","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Legal pluralism; Law; Criminal law; Political science; Doctrine; Legal doctrine; Pluralism (philosophy); International law; Legal history; Comparative law; Wrongdoing; Sociology; Legal realism; Philosophy; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"James Stewart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Asad Kiyani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04864830365117022,"gpt":0.3834991504801774,"spread":0.3348508468290071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008714118,0.00007016349,0.0002302795,0.00003270168,0.001104889,0.000169356,0.001388181,0.00001137159,0.00004201007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002248939,0.00003774865,0.0001059973,0.0000265699,0.003715357,0.0003542318,0.00004726849,0.0002221998,0.000006336958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001278104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001092689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007055306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0137072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986579,0.0002599658,0.0003381537,0.00005922542,0.0005466349,0.0001381329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979045,0.0003422883,0.001113715,0.0001614306,0.0004358244,0.00004227845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001801962,0.00002955844,0.00006712425,3.01627e-7,0.00004419008,0.000008227852,0.01308875,0.00001916694,0.00004250815,0.9860657,0.0002474044,0.0002068648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006614621,0.000379202,0.01647202,0.00007728666,0.0000408419,0.00002835143,0.00850467,0.00004933854,0.0005891352,0.608097,0.3649376,0.0001630444],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.812767,0.0000459443,0.00003151431,0.005648757,0.0007426563,0.00004795079,0.000002694228,0.000001963612,0.1807115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962986,0.00001966561,0.00008545002,0.0002502057,0.0005251791,0.000001338911,2.336054e-7,0.000003046106,0.00281628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3779687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410242589","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae032","title":"First Nations’ Citizenship and Kinship Compared: Belonging’s Stake in Legality","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Kinship; Citizenship; Politics; Principle of legality; Political science; Law; Fictive kinship; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Aaron L. Mills","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08467716980806435,"gpt":0.3740176755306894,"spread":0.2893405057226251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001259131,0.0001251871,0.0004218223,0.0000783849,0.0009073486,0.0002321204,0.0002783157,0.0000179371,0.00002868578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008727155,0.00007820021,0.00008617524,0.0007001975,0.002386353,0.0002268786,0.00004444869,0.0003751841,0.00000938195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002275549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008219355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002801181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02366765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981764,0.0006697663,0.0003545175,0.0001242567,0.0004296877,0.0002453901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975473,0.001841425,0.0002449578,0.00007480224,0.0001925443,0.00009896712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001347456,0.00005125396,0.01057996,0.00002852957,0.0002780741,0.00003832776,0.2307919,0.0004184172,0.0000390577,0.7540761,0.002813152,0.0007505108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001059123,0.000607653,0.4344464,0.000938268,0.000179456,0.00006024884,0.2754323,0.0007242451,0.0001391024,0.1010189,0.184647,0.0007473685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9616442,0.002275093,0.00007028079,0.01714911,0.0001989482,0.0001616295,0.000007155044,0.0000250672,0.01846848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989021,0.0002517743,0.0002487405,0.0001903846,0.0002238032,0.000005017731,3.999912e-7,0.000005318428,0.0001724494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6530572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9941479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2510880950","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2015.0020","title":"Revisiting Qúebec's &lt;I&gt;Jus Commune&lt;/I&gt; in the Era of the Human Rights Charters","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Charter; Political science; Civil code; Human rights; Doctrine; Civil law (Civil law); Fundamental rights; International human rights law; Public law","authors":[{"name":"Mélanie Samson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louise Langevin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06187720364674588,"gpt":0.35406543297975,"spread":0.2921882293330041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002748432,0.0001749493,0.0006396534,0.00002388113,0.001541571,0.0000908065,0.001460328,0.00002362014,0.0000178313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005681282,0.0000741959,0.0002216925,0.0005465082,0.004098279,0.0002411144,0.0001191897,0.0006010276,0.00000880331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001933939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000714915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003142301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007907863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949183,0.003168404,0.0005769217,0.0001039497,0.0009100247,0.0003223404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970443,0.000843793,0.001304202,0.0002770692,0.0004408683,0.000089777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001304668,0.0001511131,0.002455636,0.000006433088,0.0002771775,0.000009870062,0.6751123,0.0002456362,0.002575974,0.311636,0.006401048,0.00099831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002609656,0.001246973,0.2101095,0.0009259264,0.0003435273,0.00005344086,0.3229536,0.0001019318,0.001018881,0.03669214,0.4231223,0.0008221642],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9618514,0.0008550849,0.000009034787,0.01429092,0.0001503,0.0002725955,0.000003543638,0.000007100553,0.02256003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987976,0.00003359574,0.00009723918,0.0005874416,0.0003739528,0.000005554954,4.004259e-7,0.00000560354,0.00009863803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4167213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991430525","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaa018","title":"Enforcement of Chinese Insider Trading Law: An Empirical and Comparative Perspective","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Enforcement; Sanctions; Business; China; Insider; Law enforcement; Empirical research; Accounting; Law; Political science; Finance; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Robin Hui Huang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1154731408136518,"gpt":0.3256408916637385,"spread":0.2101677508500867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004797663,0.0001697589,0.001371953,0.00006454488,0.0001428729,0.00006118984,0.0003018401,0.00002347691,0.00008793909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001122823,0.0001461096,0.0001612821,0.0002128442,0.00162971,0.000390733,0.00004762641,0.0002410713,0.00001451768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009994119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003074493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009178017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001665744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983857,0.0001419815,0.0009949266,0.0002220415,0.00006712472,0.0001882245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975746,0.0001991197,0.001734666,0.0001587465,0.0001350008,0.0001979125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000315011,0.00007592358,0.01038463,0.000005376722,0.0002823952,0.000002322431,0.06397592,0.0003776117,0.00005467968,0.9243375,0.000167754,0.00002085359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002992159,0.007345645,0.02531376,0.00005824765,0.00007360325,0.00009298212,0.07214075,0.01602073,0.0007494094,0.8643645,0.0100595,0.0007887188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353738,0.0008710971,0.001168026,0.001448079,0.0001196747,0.0001692739,0.00004475116,0.000006787459,0.06079855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976016,0.00004418558,0.00028344,0.001715769,0.0003337429,0.000002812124,0.000001272664,0.00001044734,0.000006712251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06222786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6004735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138147771","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avac036","title":"The Jurisdictional Vacuum: Transnational Corporate Human Rights Claims in Common Law Home States","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Redress; Plaintiff; Law; Liability; State (computer science); Human rights; Jurisdiction; Business; Law and economics; Political science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Ahmad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03241961718812068,"gpt":0.2640424747262894,"spread":0.2316228575381687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008762503,0.0001837943,0.0004472886,0.0001309651,0.00237375,0.0002675405,0.0007092022,0.00001027739,0.0002850916],"category_scores_gemma":[1.887178e-8,0.0001079543,0.0001434375,0.0004944477,0.001070753,0.0005475951,0.0001052188,0.0005696674,0.00001723259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008858056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003484235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001109863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004483008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981237,0.0002046484,0.0006307783,0.0001429278,0.0006475357,0.0002503878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979705,0.0002586096,0.00131978,0.0001825695,0.0002473602,0.00002118371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003399396,0.0001373475,0.000581246,0.000002840303,0.00007784415,0.00002692569,0.0003813477,0.002046027,0.00007700756,0.995043,0.001246208,0.00004025736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006464457,0.0001706738,0.01233214,0.000007734157,0.00003722743,0.00002200892,0.000470554,0.0005644122,0.00002627445,0.965961,0.01960595,0.0001556175],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945288,0.00005736727,0.0000408645,0.003777581,0.0002683773,0.0001589313,0.00001207638,0.00001775125,0.0011382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983429,0.000001463172,0.00001813354,0.001030323,0.0003861419,0.00001615634,0.00002873809,0.00001330318,0.0001628643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02908204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W72209951","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/53.1.157","title":"Criminal Defense Advocacy in Russia Under the 2001 Criminal Procedure Code","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Criminal Law and Evidence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; University of Saskatchewan; University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Criminal code; Law; Code (set theory); Political science; Sociology; Library science; Criminal law; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Pamela Jordan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08588962696890812,"gpt":0.396669655413895,"spread":0.3107800284449869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001743451,0.0001721855,0.0004328436,0.00005932646,0.0006534168,0.0001218838,0.0008819954,0.00002501819,0.0001389356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003622583,0.00009445448,0.0001491259,0.0004440144,0.002889931,0.0003928012,0.00004863811,0.0005568473,0.00005122304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001785887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005429025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001679772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0128856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973355,0.0009055475,0.0004807054,0.0001459459,0.0006608977,0.0004714056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980202,0.0007524623,0.0006140242,0.0002021444,0.0002447765,0.0001663643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002009538,0.0004623517,0.001392005,0.00001713125,0.0001204307,0.00006516217,0.2747269,0.004811086,0.0005285364,0.6916091,0.01976796,0.00448975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001145898,0.001785816,0.04513986,0.0003967655,0.0005769545,0.000631423,0.7117659,0.0004527814,0.0009031598,0.04248347,0.1940256,0.0006923787],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9471135,0.0005735718,0.000269902,0.03911034,0.00009536959,0.0001567218,0.000001670735,0.00001037552,0.01266852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994975,0.000153599,0.0005396928,0.003462719,0.0006165787,0.000005305048,2.270535e-7,0.000008865221,0.0002379805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6491257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093017361","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2013.0036","title":"Social and Economic Rights as Fundamental Rights","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Human Rights and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fundamental rights; Political science; Constitution; Social rights; Constitutional right; Law; Jurisprudence; Supreme court; State (computer science); Government (linguistics); Social security; Due Process Clause; International human rights law; Constitutional law; Bill of rights; Human rights; National security","authors":[{"name":"Francesca Bignami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carla Spivack","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03872202326376139,"gpt":0.3542367380312706,"spread":0.3155147147675093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006278203,0.00009461276,0.0003307874,0.00003502734,0.001303604,0.0001145229,0.0002464599,0.0000135803,0.0002085834],"category_scores_gemma":[9.862308e-7,0.00005159025,0.00006601719,0.00005226511,0.00213,0.0001655372,0.00002549439,0.0001345804,0.00008106483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008844956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001987385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004382153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987984,0.0004545969,0.0002493278,0.00008644829,0.0002284302,0.0001828008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999153,0.0001939768,0.0004208329,0.00005734999,0.00005836445,0.0001164562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006881504,0.00001963235,0.0001076005,3.288831e-7,0.00005569143,0.000002074217,0.03569761,0.000003230111,0.00001166465,0.9617369,0.00193843,0.0003580845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000332556,0.0003432918,0.003778428,0.000008975906,0.00002075578,0.00001591174,0.003288877,0.00001171365,0.0001516958,0.4516506,0.5402699,0.0001272853],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9089302,0.00002188498,0.00004519317,0.001625586,0.000127478,0.00005938243,7.766017e-7,0.00000644282,0.08918303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982982,0.000005372134,0.0001792267,0.0003878626,0.00058266,0.000001019155,2.248926e-7,0.000002904603,0.0005425376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5383314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296613264","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avac016","title":"Multicultural Populations and Mixed Legal Systems in the United States: Louisiana and Puerto Rico","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multiculturalism; Political science; Geography; Law","authors":[{"name":"Olivier Moréteau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luis Muñiz Argûelles","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.056486827888494,"gpt":0.3496001860740446,"spread":0.2931133581855506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008255196,0.0000622326,0.0001913632,0.00006005207,0.0008500566,0.0001318794,0.0001749712,0.000005799804,0.000008133077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007387354,0.00003445047,0.00002866674,0.0004720041,0.0006489515,0.0001383095,0.00002999798,0.0002250497,3.281645e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005098656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000274144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0187891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002952772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998028,0.001271784,0.0002180393,0.00005809828,0.0003051341,0.0001189703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992018,0.0002949274,0.0003080862,0.00005981916,0.00008753499,0.00004787861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000403036,0.0001664308,0.004218929,0.000004155928,0.0001115904,0.00003881074,0.5143979,0.01327579,0.0001242445,0.4632895,0.00262198,0.001347643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005260411,0.0005782577,0.0520917,0.00001730177,0.00004585836,0.0001089805,0.6809156,0.003185632,0.000002506378,0.001518031,0.2608931,0.0001170013],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916002,0.0004212898,0.00003279864,0.006819763,0.0001219182,0.0001460971,0.000006107237,0.000004260431,0.0008476321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993563,0.0000630164,0.00002874504,0.0004125468,0.00007925814,0.000005788727,0.000002442979,0.000002257577,0.00004962823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4617715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9877449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342974016","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avx027","title":"Conceptions of Authority and the Anglo-American Common Law Divide","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Common law","authors":[{"name":"Dan Priel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06470010365945968,"gpt":0.4110856936660992,"spread":0.3463855900066395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001096743,0.00007625344,0.0004229427,0.00001141328,0.002019044,0.0001458508,0.0007931474,0.000008950046,0.0000127564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002194997,0.00004055437,0.0001067951,0.000116192,0.0209692,0.0001964249,0.0001014298,0.0002348737,0.000003146077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000237436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000648743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0162904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0065208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986641,0.0005790543,0.0002755812,0.00007006504,0.0002690079,0.0001421752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976475,0.0006769919,0.0010693,0.0003236636,0.0001941359,0.00008838991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008080009,0.00002902835,0.001103061,5.843218e-7,0.00004783297,3.981825e-7,0.0180809,0.00001360033,0.00008004835,0.9790896,0.0001796248,0.00129455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001915919,0.0008401877,0.1626367,0.00007919315,0.0003114402,0.00002509908,0.07242417,0.0001579843,0.0007491367,0.3334227,0.4270902,0.0003472231],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9240686,0.0001103646,0.0003270441,0.02900305,0.00005045264,0.0001515079,0.00001471808,0.000005313623,0.04626891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988498,0.00008860289,0.0002140455,0.0005779991,0.0001877348,0.000004699248,2.145087e-7,0.000003275059,0.00007363278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6456668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2329818661","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2010.0013","title":"Book Review Essay","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Civil law (Civil law); Law; Common law; Political science; Comparative law; Sociology; Commercial law","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Valcke","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03933635856748258,"gpt":0.3967041834679328,"spread":0.3573678249004502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008893511,0.00008727179,0.0004100377,0.00002317991,0.0004212921,0.00003765171,0.000505959,0.000007478714,0.0008957126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003293869,0.00005077962,0.0001394485,0.0002030893,0.002169624,0.0002357903,0.00003500351,0.0003409765,0.00006255305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003181273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001490384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001820914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000673375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986494,0.0004092183,0.0003013791,0.00006651592,0.0004274622,0.0001460401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981481,0.0004974499,0.0005972972,0.0001155787,0.0005659644,0.00007557248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004592233,0.00004352358,0.00008821751,0.000003459562,0.0001100212,0.000002795132,0.005666341,0.000002421216,0.0002098797,0.6605458,0.3324988,0.0007828071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007377273,0.0001504017,0.0005739407,0.00009553454,0.00002932132,0.00001076211,0.001115367,0.00000209918,0.0001762696,0.004772822,0.9929326,0.00006710445],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2490701,0.1616663,0.0004314542,0.1070103,0.00140242,0.0004667919,0.00000792708,0.00003174035,0.4799129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636242,0.007066093,0.0001552233,0.02597005,0.0005852816,0.000004458319,2.495901e-7,0.000003991616,0.002590456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7145541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9807425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394014678","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae007","title":"Sovereignty, Territoriality, and Private International Law in Classical Muslim International Law","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Islamic Studies and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Territoriality; Sovereignty; International law; Law; Political science; Private law; Municipal law; Conflict of laws; Comparative law; Law of the sea; Law and economics; Sociology; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Fadel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04818593056536592,"gpt":0.3573031838977954,"spread":0.3091172533324295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009535576,0.00009548556,0.0003119716,0.0000658768,0.0003465096,0.00008723157,0.0005098085,0.00002095898,0.00005871265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000184596,0.00007072907,0.00007969497,0.0002000875,0.002856122,0.0002130833,0.0001529197,0.0002670575,0.00001548632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002050877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005683798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001734382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006445038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984687,0.0003491079,0.0003311394,0.0001138835,0.0005398365,0.0001973639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989653,0.0003881344,0.0003610415,0.00007948235,0.0001483347,0.00005771792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000109173,0.00003616343,0.0003834411,6.084912e-7,0.00008304659,0.00001398227,0.0222558,0.00002119661,0.00004551592,0.9749203,0.001753257,0.0003775097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007669588,0.0002092435,0.006171263,0.0000491051,0.00001958026,0.00001163153,0.02927607,0.0001070539,0.00002863818,0.2432565,0.7199395,0.0001643875],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6052771,0.0000518991,0.00002883223,0.01925082,0.003093055,0.0001015027,0.00001313263,0.00002022878,0.3721634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966632,0.0001377037,0.00009189922,0.001023846,0.001644124,0.000003090532,0.000001515781,0.000005567135,0.0004290153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7316638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394725099","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae006","title":"Reasonableness as Responsiveness in Administrative Law in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada: Kant and Arendt on the Role of the Community in Deferential Judicial Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Criminal Law and Evidence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Judicial review; Political science; Administrative law; Law; Kingdom; Public administration","authors":[{"name":"Graham Mayeda","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1278951842932368,"gpt":0.3925559634415649,"spread":0.2646607791483281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004094225,0.0001206509,0.000421465,0.00008048419,0.0005547252,0.00004419211,0.0006761492,0.00001688147,0.00000619179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002356543,0.00005668841,0.00003664799,0.001660959,0.002233602,0.00008405575,0.00009012534,0.0006877468,3.157445e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009969376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005519559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8718387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9429221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9902222,0.008607638,0.0003983721,0.00008254484,0.0004751427,0.00021416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994133,0.00493403,0.0004961358,0.0002039222,0.0001854929,0.00004740851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002052039,0.0001449558,0.006033475,0.00004185381,0.00005405512,0.00005074044,0.08824352,0.0005817657,0.00007971017,0.9018295,0.0004748995,0.000413437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008857262,0.00129332,0.2209637,0.00571338,0.0001370141,0.00005620857,0.6238453,0.0001839854,0.0006327963,0.07249412,0.07344628,0.0003481441],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822678,0.0004852475,4.658743e-7,0.01602349,0.00003339018,0.0002778398,0.00001596912,0.000001945975,0.0008938508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966986,0.001021688,0.000001777122,0.002237221,0.0000204453,0.000008687452,0.000002842636,0.00000381759,0.000004959737],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8293355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413184867","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaf003","title":"Federalism and Vertical Tax Competition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Tax competition; Competition (biology); Economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Ad valorem tax; Political science; Politics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Rory Gillis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02161520301332562,"gpt":0.2722460669004744,"spread":0.2506308638871488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001890718,0.00007023405,0.0002144383,0.00006072052,0.0001684204,0.0001627619,0.0001226782,0.000005929183,0.00002994673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007139918,0.00004488926,0.0000383434,0.0002704834,0.0004017559,0.0002995517,0.00004235311,0.000121648,0.00001994543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001105221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001423316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007205022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006369387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995207,0.00003290675,0.0001974309,0.00005687406,0.0001127224,0.00007936294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993526,0.00008017186,0.0003090716,0.00006714827,0.0001828929,0.000008114052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001602982,0.00003004136,0.001296573,0.00000696705,0.00003130286,0.000002830965,0.00008111275,0.00005793553,0.000955985,0.9928977,0.003268378,0.001210811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00234671,0.0002298291,0.1928724,0.0003648913,0.0002231874,0.00004707719,0.005100949,0.006787952,0.001570819,0.3788761,0.4111373,0.0004428158],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9694918,0.00008299839,0.002663129,0.009301467,0.0001199698,0.00004999173,3.320707e-7,0.000009201609,0.01828109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923625,0.000007712311,0.00008133775,0.007213281,0.0002084609,9.782863e-7,6.382237e-7,0.000002528046,0.0001225358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6140217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1830531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401976499","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae024","title":"Generality and Exception in Islamic Legal Theory: Intent, Language, and the Jurist’s Role","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; McGill University; Georgetown University","keywords":"Generality; Islam; Law; Philosophy; Sociology; Psychology; Political science; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Omar Farahat","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01102668127223692,"gpt":0.2648492141970209,"spread":0.253822532924784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008313822,0.00009266227,0.0002700942,0.00006132467,0.0001189164,0.000203396,0.0001215536,0.000006969161,0.000007343184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007237452,0.00004408913,0.00004598038,0.0002116712,0.0009224095,0.0003543169,0.00007685515,0.0001990832,0.000006582428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001255873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008003073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005058238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002889635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994368,0.00008437332,0.000189867,0.00008149612,0.000102509,0.0001049551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995369,0.0001437204,0.00019792,0.00007101191,0.0000492634,0.000001221977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002849787,0.00001175653,0.0004808527,0.00001388115,0.00006249805,0.000009812035,0.004952674,0.00001908315,0.000219764,0.9807314,0.0006695087,0.01254383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001105064,0.00008848874,0.05459342,0.0002560686,0.000163028,0.00006525045,0.01267723,0.002403395,0.00006195725,0.9176365,0.01075027,0.0001993093],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901186,0.002678636,0.0002164828,0.003423431,0.0001057711,0.00007040841,6.919477e-7,0.000008742689,0.003377209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981124,0.0001087743,0.00001858208,0.001198441,0.0004159931,0.00000283546,4.400806e-7,0.000005158379,0.0001373304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06309484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3398656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396882761","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae005","title":"The War Within Religion: Towards a More Nuanced Resolution of Religion–Equality Conflicts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Religion and Society Interactions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Resolution (logic); Political science; Sociology; Religious studies; Philosophy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Netta Barak-Corren","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07249932966153845,"gpt":0.4199657214669349,"spread":0.3474663918053965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002521488,0.000111085,0.0003992575,0.00004263108,0.001058751,0.00005964494,0.0005567606,0.00003176745,0.000006408619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001202469,0.00006300528,0.0002778048,0.0009747138,0.002944157,0.0001722373,0.00004374077,0.0003853667,0.00002760386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001111123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002572868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003868757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007841298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971522,0.001108066,0.0006465731,0.0001027283,0.000742899,0.0002475035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967081,0.0009065478,0.001322123,0.0002488478,0.0007009369,0.0001134263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006281914,0.00006186702,0.0001453147,0.000004348704,0.0002439522,0.000004930951,0.2592973,0.001812879,0.0008836369,0.6356428,0.1008113,0.0004635243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007354392,0.0009879353,0.004596489,0.000207033,0.0001077788,0.00003525893,0.2753969,0.001036799,0.002390186,0.07075994,0.6434382,0.0003080044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9471532,0.0004280342,0.0003429283,0.03419086,0.000555473,0.0001943534,0.000006461801,0.00004161718,0.01708712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947137,0.003069897,0.0001422163,0.001212133,0.0002139425,0.00000605303,9.798164e-7,0.000006516379,0.0006346106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5648828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409111837","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avae029","title":"The Legal Innovation Sandbox","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Sandbox (software development); Computer science; Library science","authors":[{"name":"Cristie Ford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Quinn Ashkenazy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03840725836824652,"gpt":0.3082105120734015,"spread":0.269803253705155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008092369,0.00009877636,0.0002126858,0.00005677863,0.0003158859,0.0005821129,0.001069563,0.00000804854,0.00001271937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001483438,0.00004031057,0.00008244256,0.001062525,0.001241046,0.0005721331,0.00009274179,0.0003197288,0.00005697067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003909734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001386974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001798502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005686436,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987828,0.0002684707,0.0003645898,0.0001037983,0.0003137063,0.0001666983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985609,0.0005837207,0.0002453011,0.0002514935,0.0003235701,0.00003499248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004953714,0.00001295761,0.000001845534,0.000001188106,0.00007548189,0.000007452311,0.002674447,0.00006414807,0.001222382,0.9521278,0.02375517,0.02000766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001646027,0.001618337,0.0001054865,0.00007840485,0.00002083002,0.0004214709,0.0008368706,0.04747324,0.00920122,0.1362327,0.8036647,0.0001821975],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2264707,0.002688227,0.7153734,0.02072056,0.001547354,0.0001513128,0.000001295247,0.00007236138,0.03297482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970303,0.00006765711,0.0007327452,0.001441067,0.000267472,0.000001570414,1.203908e-7,0.00000475057,0.0004543401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8158951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5613328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253309197","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avx014","title":"Editors’ Note","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gratitude; Honor; Excellence; Publishing; Pleasure; Law; Political science; Sociology; Library science; Psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Helge Dedek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franz Werro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07094385192861155,"gpt":0.4255015243537143,"spread":0.3545576724251027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006529195,0.00007956284,0.0003197222,0.0000224564,0.001853428,0.0001836154,0.0009115752,0.000008018636,0.00005120484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004674876,0.00004798686,0.0001205748,0.00005461051,0.003597219,0.0003651003,0.00007175968,0.0001787697,0.00003668036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005515674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009534442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001185346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001436095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988437,0.0002783166,0.0002200152,0.00006358557,0.0004443026,0.0001501014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978417,0.0003889136,0.0009969943,0.0001839405,0.0005208716,0.00006762039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001689489,0.00004809208,0.001221139,4.375722e-7,0.0001504989,0.000005800616,0.01928553,0.00002149532,0.0001397283,0.9430233,0.03377366,0.002161397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000198419,0.0003315453,0.01920264,0.00002579513,0.00002564361,0.000004964149,0.009200299,0.00001415838,0.0004324988,0.03319362,0.9372716,0.00009880767],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7583567,0.0001399321,0.0004796404,0.01559119,0.001899022,0.00007335856,0.000003124891,0.00000692483,0.2234501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941462,0.00005391725,0.0001942836,0.0003821459,0.004610326,0.000001478892,8.793693e-8,0.000002875334,0.0006087396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9098297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W813508657","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2015.0017","title":"The Chinese “Oppression” Remedy: Creative Interpretations of Company Law by Chinese Courts","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Corporate Governance and Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oppression; Law; Political science; Chinese law; Sociology; Law and economics; Common law; Sources of law","authors":[{"name":"Colin Hawes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kun-Luen Alex Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angus Young","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02184111260953948,"gpt":0.2928900019215718,"spread":0.2710488893120323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000720643,0.0002242165,0.0006245397,0.00004494921,0.0003298973,0.0001753699,0.0007198044,0.00001561919,0.0000295927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005170208,0.000103345,0.0001629431,0.0005690535,0.001510808,0.0008468419,0.0001439307,0.0002888647,0.00002611649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003524662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000559399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001065985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006417825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983938,0.000137827,0.0006028653,0.0001204809,0.0005375352,0.0002075071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958686,0.0003556892,0.002503754,0.0003001493,0.0009311755,0.00004068599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004163709,0.0006304783,0.01968933,0.00002908949,0.0008621499,0.00002418235,0.008397168,0.00270701,0.003445785,0.8197481,0.1377667,0.002536246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005561932,0.001391887,0.07277941,0.00075345,0.0006117857,0.0001124473,0.02663721,0.01411027,0.001198242,0.4831792,0.3923972,0.001267062],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9504609,0.0006775475,0.0006699964,0.00228226,0.0002883138,0.0001625713,0.00001071079,0.00001425206,0.04543342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973165,0.00003440352,0.00008618674,0.001933386,0.0004502773,0.000005421319,0.000005046497,0.00001512713,0.0001536893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.336569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5566637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246971983","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avy012","title":"Preface","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Franklin A. Gevurtz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vivian Grosswald Curran","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06992255438205475,"gpt":0.4113477735025587,"spread":0.3414252191205039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005540787,0.00006862506,0.000254962,0.00002636915,0.0005781999,0.00004644024,0.0004123151,0.000005658477,0.00015267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001511595,0.00004052361,0.00008118738,0.0002250544,0.004029234,0.0001778703,0.00003587073,0.0001175529,0.00008991062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004867605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008112358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004152219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001485714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988204,0.0004027728,0.0002125237,0.00005842702,0.0003639774,0.0001419605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983506,0.0003499761,0.0004296837,0.00008075109,0.0007325085,0.00005650702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001670266,0.00003491568,0.0004106353,2.193762e-7,0.0001215429,0.000001125207,0.03160499,0.000007893868,0.0001761045,0.9560862,0.01063899,0.0007503598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001573897,0.000973249,0.005186191,0.00001985578,0.00002203889,0.00000761039,0.01864334,0.00001570312,0.001363883,0.03645499,0.9370654,0.00009031281],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7962812,0.0001651834,0.0005518424,0.003944998,0.000224989,0.00005423847,0.000001263494,0.000006692136,0.1987696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970989,0.00003813323,0.0002858815,0.0008327822,0.0009155417,0.000001265254,7.294135e-8,0.000002551407,0.000824916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9264265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251059082","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avz011","title":"Editors’ Note","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Law; Mandate; Political science; Pleasure; History; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Helge Dedek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franz Werro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03770292218767671,"gpt":0.3814900266924708,"spread":0.343787104504794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005599233,0.00007955434,0.0003353569,0.00003232555,0.000275803,0.00004802389,0.0004248349,0.000008002353,0.0001782451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001089518,0.00004787726,0.0001192449,0.0002050485,0.001171905,0.0002188075,0.00003667666,0.0001824717,0.0001678838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006811277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009778087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004313938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003439759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986925,0.0003706332,0.0002376075,0.00006674643,0.0004814935,0.0001510845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982932,0.0006051749,0.0004911791,0.00009345327,0.0004601456,0.00005686081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001997865,0.0000513581,0.00159619,7.308298e-7,0.0001458315,0.00000208909,0.02399621,0.0001173015,0.0003717873,0.9474605,0.02525857,0.0007996623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001992261,0.0005154365,0.004651856,0.0000230929,0.00001751237,0.000004626901,0.01746571,0.00002303062,0.0003964325,0.01602123,0.9605862,0.00009565569],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8509324,0.0001372166,0.0002113693,0.004410335,0.001410627,0.00008458091,0.000001741202,0.000006574524,0.1428051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956407,0.00003381272,0.0001565767,0.0006605392,0.002490849,0.000001188808,1.595032e-7,0.000003168202,0.001013034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9353276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4317935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313304229","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avac039","title":"Differences in a Minor Archive: Feminist Activists and Scholars on Cohabitation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cohabitation; Autonomy; Minor (academic); Common law; Scholarship; Sociology; Law; Gender studies; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Robert Leckey","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03076843154152714,"gpt":0.3074869608467308,"spread":0.2767185293052036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005284571,0.00004221423,0.0001842186,0.0001710923,0.0009129337,0.0001262012,0.0001995422,0.00000384711,0.0000565847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000133481,0.00003788793,0.00003320238,0.0002428304,0.001776105,0.00009055458,0.00002006502,0.0002888212,0.000002410222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002527966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002278732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02527421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1601891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986522,0.000770996,0.0001332209,0.00005950688,0.0002837849,0.0001002443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992048,0.0003689089,0.0002870913,0.00004723379,0.00002619251,0.00006579376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001295077,0.0003019032,0.02138962,0.000004720589,0.00009664654,0.00006151878,0.4678318,0.0001117554,0.0004243823,0.4916247,0.006392371,0.0104655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000648318,0.001977818,0.4426095,0.00004338799,0.00003036172,0.00003607535,0.199946,0.00002563986,0.00001408062,0.02397815,0.3304733,0.0002173766],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860562,0.0001036947,0.00000656959,0.00165827,0.00008157262,0.00005741183,0.000008117623,0.000002015498,0.01202616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992134,0.00002448712,0.00003554868,0.0004699543,0.00004487968,0.000003945106,2.566827e-7,0.000001975783,0.0002055823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4676465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9812165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412894107","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaf017","title":"Daphne Barak Erez, Biblical Judgments: New Legal Readings in the Hebrew Bible","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Biblical Studies and Interpretation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Hebrew Bible; Philosophy; Hebrew; Literature; Biblical studies; Linguistics; Art; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Adam M. Dodek","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04481111885028161,"gpt":0.3184890451717636,"spread":0.273677926321482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004338003,0.0001300669,0.0004027525,0.0003607545,0.000292273,0.0003240288,0.0005002057,0.00001034412,0.0003159049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001047321,0.0000621272,0.0001332894,0.0009497354,0.0009249141,0.0003231801,0.00005373114,0.0003744236,0.00003040767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003603516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000478054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001389655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001161808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987727,0.0002442503,0.0004321689,0.00009654291,0.0002613144,0.000193061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989161,0.0004100385,0.0003259381,0.0001383879,0.0001652923,0.00004423666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002093677,0.00006926317,0.0001084159,0.000002310116,0.0001040841,0.000002189997,0.01361656,0.00001677856,0.00002717169,0.7539438,0.2299875,0.001912539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003974024,0.0007161811,0.001989825,0.0000905889,0.00004825016,0.00001047885,0.01775616,0.0001041634,0.00008981291,0.02591682,0.9527899,0.00009043672],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5886021,0.003098089,0.001010768,0.04641468,0.0004859739,0.0002543491,0.000007762382,0.00001657366,0.3601097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9723384,0.0001129116,0.00004690405,0.02615293,0.0003271558,0.00000437242,7.536566e-7,0.00000445759,0.001012154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.728027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3458937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2591481740","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/62.3.809","title":"Jacco Bomhoff, Balancing Constitutional Rights: The Origins and Meaning of Postwar Legal Discourse","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meaning (existential); Original meaning; Constitutional law; Law; Political science; Sociology; Philosophy; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Valcke","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02272614901359631,"gpt":0.3270274343780725,"spread":0.3043012853644762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008611036,0.00008583342,0.0003249227,0.00002390476,0.001182888,0.00004246973,0.0002548968,0.000009337333,0.00001405767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003212667,0.0000422274,0.00007650846,0.0001832477,0.01417907,0.0001888038,0.00003813389,0.0001760567,0.000003966634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004620929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002041165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003838147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001620306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987118,0.000404401,0.0002584909,0.00006789067,0.0004044614,0.0001529374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984719,0.00065818,0.0004793317,0.00006451448,0.0002664523,0.00005966432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006241028,0.00001933271,0.001315628,4.878545e-7,0.00008825622,0.000001500834,0.00505508,0.0000673431,0.00009570485,0.9927632,0.0002938756,0.0002372137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000803108,0.0007906092,0.01260846,0.0002076538,0.0002752946,0.0001371461,0.05119857,0.00007813355,0.0005574267,0.4619582,0.4710519,0.0003335337],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8828333,0.0004451085,0.002023319,0.006972601,0.0002356672,0.00009032846,0.000008685614,0.000006563394,0.1073845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990458,0.00004163793,0.0001322529,0.0004131463,0.0003467002,0.000001104309,2.646058e-7,0.000001106597,0.000017921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.530805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9885038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W335530575","doi":"","title":"Aline Grenon and Louise Bélanger-Hardy, eds. Elements of Quebec civil law: A comparison with the common law of Canada / Éléments de common law canadienne","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Common law","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Valcke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02019686419435443,"gpt":0.30882088386877,"spread":0.2886240196744156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001054071,0.000218664,0.0009173987,0.00001693191,0.0009592454,0.00005347448,0.0006340991,0.00002939106,0.00003097108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009193505,0.0001166012,0.00007991738,0.000229393,0.005621584,0.0001663605,0.00009492869,0.0005100857,4.054864e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002687167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002942557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9893398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974203,0.000749027,0.0005853786,0.0001310561,0.000655279,0.0004590235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970261,0.0005879796,0.00149237,0.0002139033,0.0004396409,0.0002399889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001647172,0.000474169,0.04459801,0.0000413676,0.001609302,0.00002896428,0.1612342,0.0003538476,0.003408927,0.7778054,0.007527516,0.001271094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00572441,0.004268039,0.1712164,0.0006310206,0.001238789,0.00007671661,0.2743225,0.0003615264,0.01582526,0.01139982,0.5134222,0.001513312],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843773,0.0003437551,0.000005732249,0.005169483,0.0001140501,0.0002770885,0.00004885596,0.00000559099,0.009658169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983067,0.00003668007,0.0001912887,0.001244004,0.0001112057,0.000005888315,0.000002507682,0.000009744241,0.000091963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7664056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237230563","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaa002","title":"Editors’ Note","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gratitude; Scholarship; Pleasure; Editorial board; Publication; Library science; Wish; Queen (butterfly); Sociology; History; Political science; Law; Psychology; Computer science; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Helge Dedek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franz Werro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07109406723988082,"gpt":0.3913221393406159,"spread":0.3202280721007351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003309537,0.00007854869,0.0003239062,0.00001634448,0.0003765107,0.00004896119,0.0004368789,0.000006802587,0.00008008075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002992295,0.00004832822,0.0001159191,0.0002527105,0.001553678,0.0001866568,0.00004039438,0.0001944406,0.00005354155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000407468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009486591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002403763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001893872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987192,0.0003848223,0.0002447636,0.00006664999,0.0004500363,0.0001344842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985008,0.0004633618,0.0004551504,0.00005332941,0.0004172475,0.0001101618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003332149,0.0000435365,0.0003728889,8.979898e-7,0.0001803903,0.000006673067,0.08113711,0.0001437675,0.0003908092,0.8247294,0.0914039,0.001257366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001546166,0.0005587544,0.001111256,0.00001081084,0.00002176783,0.000002470281,0.01945014,0.00004613045,0.0004615697,0.007618769,0.9704815,0.00008218559],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7872977,0.0003690334,0.002642983,0.0802433,0.00119821,0.000128866,0.000005767932,0.0000207255,0.1280934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911823,0.00004032734,0.0002454459,0.003154906,0.005278588,0.000001147709,1.524429e-7,0.000003069951,0.00009410734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8790776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5724592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415769809","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avaf016","title":"Standard Form Contracts and the Erosion of Consent: Is There No Turning Back?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"European and International Contract Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Standard of care; Erosion; Unconscionability; Force majeure; Common law","authors":[{"name":"Michelle Cumyn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03246670550124787,"gpt":0.3525477259278332,"spread":0.3200810204265853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00117582,0.00007298846,0.0003362255,0.00002587941,0.000277494,0.00006919325,0.0003122961,0.000009629171,0.00009546767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006819558,0.00003598435,0.00009405165,0.0001292888,0.003336417,0.0001413734,0.00002699092,0.0002041074,0.000008418808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003536209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001450434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000193914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001336154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985754,0.0006414457,0.000309833,0.00005518935,0.0003069993,0.000111117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997147,0.001544157,0.0006634631,0.00008204021,0.0005220235,0.00004127307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001486585,0.00002258431,0.0003159365,0.000002079513,0.0001195878,0.000001255653,0.01139529,0.000007438599,0.0005053716,0.9839847,0.001503229,0.0006559282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005776777,0.001350553,0.01807265,0.00122472,0.0002237163,0.00001772596,0.02930087,0.0002511922,0.005220188,0.1105528,0.8277402,0.0002686236],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7242821,0.0008551266,0.0003471026,0.005981795,0.0001237182,0.0001170572,0.000006518919,0.000002736953,0.2682839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996011,0.0005470405,0.00009195221,0.002043258,0.00008534795,4.995156e-7,1.325306e-7,0.000002855412,0.001217906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8734319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605280893","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avw016","title":"Po Jen Yap, Constitutional Dialogue in Common Law Asia (Oxford University Press, 2015)†","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Constitutionalism; Dialogic; Commonwealth; Law; Judicial review; Constitutional review; Constitutional law; Political science; High Court; Constitutional theory; Common law; Constitutional court; Sociology; Constitution; Democracy; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Yvonne Tew","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04189211310654754,"gpt":0.3159830100710068,"spread":0.2740908969644592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005173772,0.00009423891,0.0003654373,0.00003141937,0.0006214551,0.00002204812,0.0003846471,0.00001842584,0.00002940632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001056014,0.00005509487,0.00009082015,0.0002272336,0.01343701,0.0002936163,0.00006196336,0.0001524985,0.000009095252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001748149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002665539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005042378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009752136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985618,0.0005635627,0.000230691,0.00008732435,0.000347966,0.0002086623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998755,0.0005246096,0.0003506941,0.00007320935,0.0002081983,0.00008825531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000230711,0.00005126917,0.003436141,2.971645e-7,0.00006263209,0.00001722777,0.001156743,0.00002943907,0.00003907279,0.9931182,0.001286581,0.0005716709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007958924,0.0002742556,0.0153354,0.0001016419,0.00004752202,0.00001950025,0.008230319,0.0000013335,0.000183879,0.1914834,0.7833315,0.000195442],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5395466,0.0006399473,0.001417919,0.01842006,0.0003315728,0.000206543,0.00006058259,0.00001910554,0.4393576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989082,0.0003677402,0.00006492435,0.0003274981,0.000214185,7.074169e-7,4.929133e-7,0.000001515155,0.0001147877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8016348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9892479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248731791","doi":"10.1093/ajcl/avy009","title":"Editors’ Note","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Pleasure; Reading (process); Transition (genetics); Library science; Media studies; Center (category theory); Focus (optics); Law; Political science; Sociology; Psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Helge Dedek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franz Werro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05336813201102857,"gpt":0.4064143823515282,"spread":0.3530462503404996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006121711,0.00007906412,0.0002871723,0.00003343131,0.0006501958,0.00005253548,0.0004408656,0.000007893359,0.0001256156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002162363,0.00004740452,0.00009865087,0.0002468269,0.004313849,0.0001988184,0.0000393175,0.0001471298,0.00009058599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006331272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001031255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005360075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001230531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986824,0.0003984055,0.0002420971,0.00006505799,0.0004513816,0.0001606732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980161,0.000470437,0.0004810294,0.00008626404,0.0008792634,0.00006690429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002368701,0.00005320922,0.0003509308,3.214417e-7,0.0001430837,0.000002406369,0.04159749,0.000008231326,0.0002721999,0.8813754,0.07438089,0.001578997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001296595,0.0007504224,0.00248288,0.00001657964,0.00001904991,0.000005121989,0.01241563,0.00001456115,0.0009138408,0.02344823,0.9597247,0.00007928882],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7944534,0.0001321531,0.001288214,0.007750907,0.001940904,0.00007276315,0.000002498037,0.00001071058,0.1943485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886873,0.00002582956,0.0003195517,0.0008602163,0.009650211,0.000001247757,1.070786e-7,0.000003041014,0.0004524337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8853438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}