{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1452,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1452,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"3cab1281a813","filters":{"venue":"The Astronomical Journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W2157917411","doi":"10.1086/301513","title":"The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10481,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Galaxy; Astronomy; Quasar; Physics; Astrophysics; Active galactic nucleus; Documentation; Remote sensing; Geography; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006995770836042079,"gpt":0.2061921012086878,"spread":0.1991963303726457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008385833,0.0001875659,0.0001737183,0.00002653725,0.0009632275,0.0005954744,0.0007508309,0.00003363749,0.001230259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001569086,0.0001077858,0.0001888388,0.0001121091,0.0002900413,0.0004870447,0.00009193551,0.0006267463,0.0006169354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001104676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001325309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004084941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009188021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984471,0.0001769023,0.0004983384,0.0001448637,0.0002325906,0.000500253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998931,0.0002908011,0.0001652179,0.0003693381,0.00006165908,0.0001819984],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007251844,0.00006052497,0.9804332,3.076106e-7,0.00006135985,7.397275e-9,0.00006192854,0.0001866612,0.000009478085,0.001396079,0.00756128,0.01015664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003601298,0.00004177672,0.9860419,0.000005807022,0.00001367888,0.00001400589,0.0001396736,0.0003229449,0.000009874629,0.003616318,0.009305633,0.0001282267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952021,0.00004960687,0.0004633855,0.0007915028,0.0001638954,0.0001255309,0.00004135008,0.00002694993,0.003135705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972845,0.000006491408,0.00009909683,0.000003641916,0.0009840004,0.000008844689,0.00004039315,0.00002132165,0.001551742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01002841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888532099","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f","title":"The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package<sup>*</sup>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7356,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Western University","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Ministerio de Educación, Gobierno de Chile; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Research Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; Smithsonian Institution; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Washington Research Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Interoperability; Python (programming language); Key (lock); Core (optical fiber); Systems engineering; World Wide Web; Engineering management; Open source; Software engineering; Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Operating system; Software","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0353368086519255,"gpt":0.3265395551368055,"spread":0.29120274648488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001039988,0.0001096355,0.0001133803,0.00004219264,0.0015892,0.001026207,0.003785865,0.00001589453,0.000002614269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005126968,0.00005266452,0.00004613573,0.0004521078,0.0009768927,0.0005297892,0.001576634,0.0002872311,0.00000370896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006578163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008935105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007499738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005725808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986358,0.0001262169,0.0002723999,0.0002540732,0.0003199053,0.0003916604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985594,0.0002187329,0.0002530682,0.0006541203,0.0002019366,0.0001127945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009020645,0.0001979971,0.0055361,0.000002974748,0.00005847408,3.267908e-7,0.005057571,0.002692617,0.02185942,0.7314178,0.001732432,0.2313541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001369499,0.0009130838,0.2345335,0.00007037945,0.00004156969,0.0001979778,0.00171305,0.6151329,0.005473765,0.1186104,0.02149524,0.0004485456],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8793766,0.00002067049,0.1185813,0.001275141,0.0001106067,0.0003759878,0.000007260268,0.00001082118,0.0002415784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9670207,0.000006007272,0.03258905,0.00005730268,0.0002864774,0.00001212681,4.172014e-7,0.000006920678,0.00002099859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6128074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102600871","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/72","title":"SDSS-III: MASSIVE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEYS OF THE DISTANT UNIVERSE, THE MILKY WAY, AND EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Milky Way; Galaxy; LAMOST; Dark energy; Exoplanet; Redshift; Quasar; Dark matter; Population; Planet; Sky; Cosmology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0175778816471993,"gpt":0.1970011110052491,"spread":0.1794232293580498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005375727,0.0001858185,0.000274239,0.0000206539,0.0004584479,0.00005635001,0.0004601809,0.00002879738,0.0002652378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005021224,0.00008545539,0.0001197806,0.00005263847,0.0003844013,0.00007091551,0.0001471991,0.0004516409,0.00001310747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002422814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004693632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007644917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001917004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987189,0.0003549579,0.0003155282,0.0001469001,0.0001605578,0.0003031448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989994,0.0002958499,0.000285725,0.0003048684,0.00003320558,0.00008100059],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007080234,0.00003977329,0.9944019,0.000004652825,0.0003876754,0.000001654471,0.001198104,0.0001204467,0.00005431892,0.002190029,0.0005935369,0.0009370985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005685319,0.00007884923,0.9932715,0.00003432452,0.0001745462,0.0000207515,0.003687081,0.0002218883,0.0002486209,0.001059036,0.0005215001,0.0001133652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866057,0.0006821897,0.001446792,0.0002444968,0.0007549571,0.0002299023,0.00003028223,0.000005267515,0.01000043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991799,0.00003120228,0.00005919719,0.000009900382,0.0004668638,0.00000201084,0.000005162278,0.00001048293,0.000235284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01257421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3526057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136757324","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/10","title":"THE BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF SDSS-III","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2054,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Redshift; Baryon; Boss; Galaxy; Baryon acoustic oscillations; Oscillation (cell signaling); Spectral line; Measure (data warehouse)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01273340955268022,"gpt":0.2332545068600349,"spread":0.2205210973073547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001386984,0.0001197115,0.000151851,0.00003085663,0.0005035539,0.0000807449,0.0003228327,0.00002046635,0.0004677348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001765509,0.00006989103,0.00009278295,0.00009744395,0.0001405892,0.0003390006,0.00006388048,0.0002835076,0.0001141279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009166683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008964053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000180958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009329788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986692,0.0002488073,0.0004413727,0.00006825681,0.0001838667,0.0003885182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989841,0.0002082826,0.0003570142,0.0002382574,0.00009612673,0.0001162201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002956689,0.00003285336,0.9941682,6.140643e-7,0.00004931945,2.219265e-10,0.0002749019,0.0001133559,0.0001192498,0.00430592,0.0006321858,0.0002738978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003381883,0.00002974617,0.9972804,0.000004627991,0.00001765754,0.00000150284,0.0002392635,0.0004473241,0.0002502648,0.001085228,0.0002379594,0.00006789633],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996195,0.00009018512,0.002479864,0.0001982215,0.0005121642,0.000107428,0.0000075229,0.000006586483,0.0004030788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998678,0.00000361497,0.0001769184,0.000001021952,0.0009394213,0.000003388514,0.00001411944,0.00001115235,0.0001723164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003220693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5121368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122904079","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/4","title":"THE OBSERVED PROPERTIES OF DWARF GALAXIES IN AND AROUND THE LOCAL GROUP","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1853,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Local Group; Galaxy; Dwarf galaxy; Context (archaeology); Satellite galaxy; Dwarf spheroidal galaxy; Galaxy group","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005057302475489,"gpt":0.2029464012206285,"spread":0.1828958281958737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009887886,0.0001275805,0.0001490352,0.00002375697,0.0004823366,0.0001167311,0.0003543956,0.00001986002,0.00003338332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001049877,0.00005657635,0.00007648351,0.00006569253,0.000530599,0.0003863108,0.0001158271,0.0003646253,0.00001252879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000632634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004887638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001073337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001636634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988121,0.0002019078,0.0004027015,0.00006728966,0.0001470824,0.0003688605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999341,0.0001252037,0.0002165668,0.0002020417,0.00003830988,0.00007689086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004527917,0.00004365065,0.9910576,0.000002215074,0.00004651961,7.929319e-10,0.001653655,0.0001198534,0.000136517,0.006165912,0.000075614,0.000653217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003344259,0.00002832099,0.9896376,0.00001644423,0.00001468821,0.000005220587,0.006881766,0.001009808,0.0001649264,0.001639953,0.0001990313,0.00006778909],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977522,0.0005982132,0.0004672436,0.0008318697,0.000159376,0.000140729,0.000001658369,0.00000436473,0.00004438543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992862,0.00001043377,0.00006378759,0.000001498099,0.0005647637,0.000013888,0.000001248147,0.0000103471,0.00004780118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00522811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3709792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033803356","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2097","title":"DETAILED DECOMPOSITION OF GALAXY IMAGES. II. BEYOND AXISYMMETRIC MODELS","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1795,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Physics; Astrophysics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006662834191467037,"gpt":0.2187638774519221,"spread":0.2121010432604551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004794778,0.000168882,0.0002294817,0.0001523997,0.0004267255,0.00008217707,0.0004372694,0.00004045578,0.0008512028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007368844,0.0001263748,0.0002007706,0.0001751282,0.0001498868,0.0005830978,0.0001151502,0.0006381082,0.00005629427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005560761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001119764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002275446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002959632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987171,0.00007006197,0.0005376887,0.0001313939,0.000212676,0.0003310472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989223,0.00006991207,0.0004092726,0.0002857178,0.0001535796,0.0001591666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004983079,0.0001645679,0.9694382,0.000002683472,0.0001192396,6.213402e-9,0.0003468972,0.002622831,0.006338893,0.01858395,0.0008397897,0.001493109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007639703,0.0000683839,0.9529636,0.000005988922,0.00005016949,0.00001150179,0.0001369299,0.008805115,0.002355159,0.03466462,0.00004190751,0.0001326905],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849967,0.00001931723,0.01316997,0.0002781417,0.0003226871,0.0001287679,0.00001841865,0.00001372783,0.001052205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941595,0.000001241944,0.005011816,0.000001879609,0.0006889613,0.00000739852,0.00001939028,0.00001877639,0.00009105584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01647463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9320074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2949380767","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aa784d","title":"The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1743,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Observatory; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Point (geometry); Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02294570583528437,"gpt":0.2535149496318891,"spread":0.2305692437966048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005935334,0.0001808846,0.0001859363,0.00001318722,0.002971995,0.0004712022,0.0007035577,0.00002669701,0.0002465171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004584973,0.00009734763,0.0001868572,0.00001362269,0.0003139729,0.0002010541,0.0001706622,0.0004951251,0.0001451627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001022002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008202171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001330087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004414104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988183,0.0001262383,0.0002906417,0.0001536877,0.000196565,0.0004145758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985591,0.0003068938,0.0003749772,0.0005840993,0.00004694785,0.000127972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008556742,0.00004627003,0.9850367,7.744932e-7,0.0002669448,6.066721e-7,0.0002685225,0.00007727018,0.00007276682,0.002848529,0.004986962,0.006309027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004764294,0.00005210215,0.9892879,0.00001487418,0.00007984939,0.00001224788,0.001090973,0.0002957987,0.0002529412,0.00251196,0.005791523,0.0001333922],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648902,0.0009086573,0.002612115,0.005706496,0.001686902,0.0002019811,0.000003526361,0.0000155611,0.02397453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971768,0.00001275949,0.0001605652,0.00002618377,0.002155962,0.0000100602,0.000001564352,0.00001367671,0.0004424798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03228652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799047820","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d","title":"Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1741,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute","funders":"Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University; Office of Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Aspen Center for Physics; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sky; Observatory; Photometry (optics); Software; Satellite; Telescope; Data archive; Infrared","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01279366716804377,"gpt":0.2180278270240034,"spread":0.2052341598559596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000548709,0.00008593201,0.0001287617,0.0000191014,0.00005338334,0.00006659314,0.0003665763,0.00001249717,0.0001701753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001161703,0.00004770005,0.0001286322,0.00006020512,0.00005156531,0.0001324776,0.00005130709,0.0003371971,0.00007360367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004361114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000213761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007855278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.924428e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993188,0.0001335335,0.0001988767,0.00005389535,0.000103143,0.0001916839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995847,0.00007430209,0.00005224483,0.0002309531,0.00001750136,0.00004023705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001989,0.00004736884,0.7173245,0.00005401084,0.00021678,0.000001500181,0.0005362443,0.137918,0.03086607,0.001104716,0.004121956,0.107789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005243084,0.00001042953,0.9675615,0.0001020264,0.00003377823,0.0001005883,0.0001897838,0.02259052,0.004685219,0.0003591757,0.00369129,0.0001514183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964422,0.0005002635,0.000993539,0.0004267988,0.0005712739,0.0000544444,0.000001400231,0.00002020711,0.0009898895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995109,0.00001593128,0.0001882514,0.00002672909,0.0001548162,3.633979e-7,2.129041e-7,0.00001676761,0.00008603025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.250237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1945152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028715663","doi":"10.1086/510127","title":"<i>K</i>-Corrections and Filter Transformations in the Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-Infrared","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1651,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Photometry (optics); Physics; Redshift; Sky; Astrophysics; Stellar population; Astronomy; Star formation; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006841626604757548,"gpt":0.2139893497109122,"spread":0.2071477231061547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007332788,0.0001139953,0.0001109653,0.00004994436,0.0005882873,0.0002492256,0.0001712047,0.00002469766,0.0001109916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006678,0.00007063745,0.00005391963,0.0001018884,0.0002117359,0.0003547051,0.0000203885,0.0004572292,0.00001467178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003360357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004351782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002831869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001237604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991,0.00006634321,0.0003551015,0.00008559181,0.0001082329,0.0002847707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994776,0.0001837592,0.00008142104,0.0001289268,0.00002884319,0.00009942421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002466338,0.00005774263,0.9892152,0.000001359927,0.00002463269,1.229034e-8,0.003894341,0.0001406152,0.00006745476,0.004120744,0.0004572003,0.001996066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004883623,0.00003396301,0.9913411,0.000007930754,0.00002194968,0.00002843728,0.003478023,0.0009640866,0.0000389018,0.002921409,0.0005964867,0.0000793487],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871694,0.00003078819,0.01055868,0.000973402,0.0000852038,0.0001507808,0.000008275808,0.000007332848,0.001016066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986694,0.000005018809,0.0009831813,0.00001501511,0.0002599538,0.000008062561,0.00000739967,0.000007333116,0.00004457071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01149999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4524689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593224863","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aa7567","title":"Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1612,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Colorado Boulder; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Oxford; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik","keywords":"Physics; Observatory; Galaxy; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Sky; Milky Way; Quasar; LAMOST; Redshift; Telescope; Active galactic nucleus; Galactic astronomy; Extragalactic astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01670059939736659,"gpt":0.2078120424034553,"spread":0.1911114430060887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001211833,0.0002045719,0.0002250069,0.00002772875,0.00270416,0.001482161,0.001009481,0.00002561977,0.0001464824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004672232,0.0001005002,0.0001531745,0.00004562918,0.001045382,0.0007296291,0.0004439239,0.000544055,0.00006004221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008715437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001053589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003696879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002939647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986456,0.0002274866,0.0003680744,0.0001567863,0.000200768,0.0004012622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984105,0.0002679442,0.0004768327,0.000628264,0.00008010511,0.0001363872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105763,0.00002333682,0.9868513,0.000001018213,0.0001253761,1.731734e-8,0.001026987,0.0000454784,0.000005253983,0.009820742,0.0008297224,0.001165059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001271786,0.00001876923,0.9878335,0.00001287192,0.00002829433,0.00001035996,0.002055702,0.001699033,0.000003898745,0.005525062,0.001415085,0.0001256372],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948488,0.00005520362,0.001202992,0.002386491,0.0002690571,0.0001991157,0.00004741609,0.00001017615,0.0009807408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998872,0.00000761834,0.00005384838,0.000002655267,0.0006505556,0.000005158395,0.00001756038,0.00001755758,0.0003730626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00429568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2606686133","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aa80eb","title":"The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets*","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1438,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; RADIUS; Kepler; Physics; Neptune; Astrophysics; Observable; Population; Astronomy; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03105870484473738,"gpt":0.2486163155111717,"spread":0.2175576106664343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001513932,0.0001381257,0.0002084653,0.00001092143,0.001000328,0.0002168711,0.0008420664,0.00002590241,0.0000640128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005917799,0.00006245052,0.0001101149,0.00002523714,0.0002967017,0.00004721156,0.00008920578,0.0004703858,0.00002860714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002291382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000533449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001510005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002652979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987732,0.0003101516,0.0003395266,0.0001065282,0.0001486491,0.0003219011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982104,0.000910949,0.0003677667,0.0004233011,0.00003694179,0.0000506473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001497593,0.00003828772,0.9886835,7.779194e-7,0.0001038535,6.597152e-7,0.0001761731,0.0001796031,0.000001838944,0.0005474958,0.003206886,0.006911137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006410168,0.00003697005,0.9935096,0.00001023314,0.00003986517,0.00001138628,0.0003320256,0.000370455,0.00001551572,0.0008579209,0.00410153,0.00007351062],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933486,0.0001707781,0.001001131,0.001624694,0.0003135791,0.0001496039,0.0001216306,0.000002387391,0.003267588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991847,0.00001993494,0.00002346883,0.00001565512,0.0006182833,0.000004571311,0.00006407095,0.000006190017,0.00006307392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006837626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7693815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1883767967","doi":"10.1086/429803","title":"New York University Value-Added Galaxy Catalog: A Galaxy Catalog Based on New Public Surveys","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Sky; Redshift; Luminosity function; QSOS; Astronomy; Redshift survey; Star formation; Active galactic nucleus; Field galaxy; Galaxy cluster","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01587200686430014,"gpt":0.2028587201848268,"spread":0.1869867133205266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001032436,0.0003387535,0.0003288868,0.0001883891,0.0006540433,0.0002796986,0.0009536222,0.00007151103,0.002180579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001997304,0.0002856392,0.0002991269,0.0002825456,0.0001278445,0.0006778344,0.0001171924,0.0007702268,0.000856432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000583551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001310817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009143345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008255255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976107,0.0005078333,0.0004830646,0.000303221,0.0003609833,0.0007342154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980579,0.0001681022,0.0003955798,0.0005570731,0.00008702405,0.0007343304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009231572,0.0001341378,0.9423039,0.000001785508,0.0001420006,5.275344e-8,0.0004318919,0.007140924,0.00003532755,0.006196023,0.03817313,0.005348506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002082693,0.0001095177,0.9844527,0.00001623966,0.00005552652,0.000007240586,0.0003032915,0.004312481,0.00007356697,0.001153089,0.007139838,0.0002938006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9404227,0.00002715416,0.05353394,0.004329416,0.0003056037,0.0002270883,0.00005595967,0.00006093324,0.001037263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99117,8.706504e-7,0.004687467,0.00001532136,0.002186657,0.000001264428,0.0001875733,0.00003433421,0.001716441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05074743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041297422","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1782","title":"ASTROMETRY.NET: BLIND ASTROMETRIC CALIBRATION OF ARBITRARY ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1036,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Astrometry; False positive paradox; Artificial intelligence; Scale (ratio); Stars; Computer vision; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00959605676762477,"gpt":0.2124894100163869,"spread":0.2028933532487622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003853077,0.0002267705,0.0002950603,0.0002938406,0.0001426314,0.0001411872,0.0004748592,0.0001054099,0.0006642214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004004587,0.0001795174,0.0002001166,0.0003112521,0.0002083486,0.0006049104,0.00006230064,0.001107264,0.00003365377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008420412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007265517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006720036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001969166,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998441,0.00005552563,0.000741737,0.0001653642,0.0002020493,0.0003942945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991046,0.0001349402,0.0002062821,0.0002880025,0.00005124555,0.0002149019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003417408,0.0003470813,0.4515569,0.00002616602,0.0005267355,9.018547e-7,0.0001663805,0.1469518,0.2891743,0.002476184,0.003511861,0.10492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00167926,0.0001969207,0.9082969,0.00001554494,0.00007268846,0.00002774209,0.0001625656,0.0650508,0.02310566,0.0002932871,0.0008173063,0.0002813509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9370778,0.00003042325,0.06153399,0.0002330001,0.0006718241,0.0001448749,0.00003078926,0.00004958752,0.0002277161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9575533,0.000003959158,0.04162236,0.00001070346,0.0007201048,0.000008855193,0.00002736927,0.0000380376,0.00001535013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.45674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7320506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2237029308","doi":"10.1086/506564","title":"The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): First Data Release","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":938,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Radial velocity; Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Magnitude (astronomy); Sky; Surface gravity; Metallicity; Observatory; Spectrograph; Spectral line; Astronomy; Geodesy; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01760243703843906,"gpt":0.2359932037382171,"spread":0.218390766699778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003926206,0.0001662383,0.0001691624,0.00001322138,0.001211864,0.0002160825,0.0008071313,0.00002062081,0.0002935861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011129,0.00009044118,0.00009901397,0.00003539946,0.0001957312,0.00009758153,0.000244619,0.0003872576,0.0001139134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004095558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007400321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003768669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000223433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988344,0.00009397434,0.0003169822,0.0001860514,0.0001810487,0.000387542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987851,0.0003973226,0.0001628798,0.0005351047,0.00002414393,0.00009541992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000254351,0.0001687388,0.8368427,0.000001370224,0.0003766625,0.000002697787,0.0001969992,0.001299304,0.00001807105,0.003863303,0.1256324,0.0313434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001275502,0.00006535566,0.8561307,0.00001223719,0.0001277005,0.00002345044,0.0005384883,0.002549792,0.0001894103,0.003407265,0.1354232,0.0002569142],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512617,0.001741988,0.004652523,0.009049855,0.001791689,0.0003358147,0.00005982234,0.00002906258,0.03107752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956373,0.00001681577,0.0003319017,0.00002495761,0.00365262,0.000004688886,0.00004051255,0.00001212343,0.0002790804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04437558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9320801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062713883","doi":"10.1086/503559","title":"The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release 3","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":883,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Redshift; Quasar; Astrophysics; Physics; Sky; Supermassive black hole; Luminosity function; Redshift survey; Luminosity; Astronomy; Accretion (finance); Galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02070390984049469,"gpt":0.222525687801278,"spread":0.2018217779607833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002025587,0.0002803204,0.0002689036,0.00004082942,0.001230447,0.0009221613,0.001303037,0.00005028855,0.000254677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007237096,0.0001841461,0.0001403507,0.000147168,0.0002502665,0.001168958,0.0003558015,0.0006552567,0.0003964786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001568848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002200818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007413033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001006636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973441,0.0006854424,0.0007390808,0.0003250608,0.0003543029,0.0005520138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973355,0.0007568689,0.0005174986,0.00103522,0.0001677887,0.0001871119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001847119,0.0001263899,0.9862546,5.04536e-7,0.0001257935,1.058954e-8,0.00004165644,0.0002811663,0.00001743229,0.0004283709,0.01165164,0.0008877104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006191718,0.00004583625,0.9921128,0.000005862834,0.00004302699,0.000001966546,0.0002150354,0.00244242,0.00001570249,0.002772428,0.001523381,0.0002023866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907735,0.00008444262,0.006531661,0.0002783451,0.0005877043,0.0001627263,0.001352398,0.00002779265,0.0002014031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946826,0.000002632792,0.00007341747,0.000003024969,0.001885863,0.000003065653,0.003047765,0.00003065021,0.0002709619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01012826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2211491388","doi":"10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/44","title":"THE SDSS-IV EXTENDED BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: OVERVIEW AND EARLY DATA","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":834,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Colorado Boulder; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; California Institute of Technology; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Redshift; Physics; Quasar; Astrophysics; Baryon; Boss; Galaxy; Spectrograph; Observatory; Spectral line; Emission spectrum; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02666735193208538,"gpt":0.2573904409446343,"spread":0.2307230890125489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001357196,0.0001536018,0.0001635236,0.00002864147,0.0006698114,0.0002783021,0.0006480984,0.00002240042,0.000308934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003173859,0.00007390413,0.0000526053,0.00006732153,0.0001838739,0.0006439693,0.0002579014,0.0002247956,0.0001233761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000833126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001052489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008851911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001811296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985635,0.0003067736,0.0003986778,0.000189071,0.0001884352,0.0003535735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986494,0.000308361,0.000269672,0.0005835503,0.00006286023,0.0001261511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003057381,0.00001499291,0.9919068,8.382195e-7,0.00005371361,2.613045e-9,0.00006957695,0.000003001991,0.0001059715,0.003795905,0.000829151,0.003189506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005447727,0.00004396253,0.9910725,0.00001818585,0.00002187315,0.000003175449,0.00006299678,0.0002995362,0.00002225334,0.006867431,0.0009468218,0.00009650788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949761,0.0002625088,0.002917201,0.001294575,0.0002736411,0.0001399518,0.00004114254,0.00001141999,0.0000834709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986813,0.00005887558,0.0001919795,0.000002043837,0.0007485494,0.000003541521,0.0000167335,0.0000146891,0.0002822973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003705202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5151716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120684453","doi":"10.1086/427544","title":"The Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":754,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Digital data; Astrophysics; Computer science; Computer graphics (images); Geography; Physics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01602732800278253,"gpt":0.2271490687483585,"spread":0.2111217407455759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001088027,0.0001454141,0.0001508068,0.0000183087,0.0007038292,0.0002881623,0.001853461,0.00002086826,0.0001289888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005917471,0.00006959121,0.0001295873,0.0001002486,0.0002888147,0.0006540525,0.0004779337,0.0004789758,0.0001076071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006942259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001990264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000074699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003776723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985453,0.0002199559,0.0005166647,0.0001330245,0.0002514873,0.0003335369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981494,0.0002855042,0.0004169501,0.000951165,0.00009091789,0.0001060631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000390142,0.00005743121,0.9867409,5.148881e-7,0.00008376759,1.063639e-9,0.0001577136,0.0005193869,0.00001341961,0.001769177,0.006922045,0.003696624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003395108,0.00001658775,0.9907899,0.000007088664,0.00002137305,0.000004108258,0.0003254436,0.002664518,0.00004814383,0.001186984,0.004516701,0.00007964963],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965028,0.0000489052,0.0006460893,0.001765122,0.0002170352,0.0001226222,0.0001641937,0.00000740521,0.0005258405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984934,0.000002839117,0.0001116782,0.000004071123,0.0009583635,0.000002297381,0.00004462337,0.00001403503,0.0003687075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004048986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5413356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1836177459","doi":"10.3847/0004-6256/151/6/144","title":"ASPCAP: THE APOGEE STELLAR PARAMETER AND CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES PIPELINE","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":719,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; York University; Office of Science; Johns Hopkins University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Carnegie Mellon University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Princeton University; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Physics; Milky Way; Stars; Sky; Observatory; Astrophysics; Spectral line; Pipeline (software); Astronomy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01149234955412364,"gpt":0.2190260593300376,"spread":0.207533709775914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003406192,0.0001725854,0.0002106741,0.00001597804,0.0002846588,0.0001076665,0.0003088278,0.00002710994,0.0004803021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000248597,0.0000679236,0.00011206,0.00003130823,0.0003626656,0.00008505536,0.000105152,0.0002899826,0.00008604347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001639055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002859386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001393024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.437939e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989818,0.00009273555,0.0002845331,0.0001633244,0.0001446328,0.000332938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985887,0.0009290326,0.0001379548,0.0002067696,0.00003056239,0.0001069234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000937163,0.00003435483,0.8829491,0.000001177061,0.0002066973,5.886488e-7,0.0001748798,0.00001061155,0.0003031506,0.0005361598,0.005716937,0.1099726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004331189,0.0002296815,0.8931623,0.0001163454,0.0005345279,0.0002011951,0.001239427,0.0005844863,0.007124336,0.02235369,0.06933413,0.0007886679],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850354,0.0005132293,0.004461733,0.005535984,0.0003025399,0.0001021068,0.000007830329,0.000009580855,0.004031637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997317,0.00003572694,0.0003312704,0.00008698661,0.001865396,0.000003662808,0.000001547152,0.00001152056,0.00034695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.109184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5258971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987522415","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/142/5/170","title":"THE ARECIBO LEGACY FAST ALFA SURVEY: THE α.40 H I SOURCE CATALOG, ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DERIVATION OF THE H I MASS FUNCTION","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":684,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Line (geometry); Centroid; Astronomy; Geometry; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01758123213532965,"gpt":0.2023670599501471,"spread":0.1847858278148175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00164671,0.0002452532,0.0001974343,0.00002671955,0.00146014,0.000274678,0.0007527536,0.00003663303,0.0001409322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005673391,0.00008164381,0.0001912455,0.0001294725,0.0003520337,0.0003067405,0.0001326803,0.0006303197,0.00002746574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008914222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001170444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000153348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001514539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981938,0.0006377802,0.0004858061,0.0001340338,0.0002027249,0.0003458334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979628,0.0005951283,0.0006918954,0.0005232182,0.0001529244,0.00007403691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002656357,0.00005713851,0.9900475,0.000001567511,0.00023996,1.779186e-9,0.002436316,0.0001911908,0.0003435874,0.002167139,0.0005749715,0.003675012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002268049,0.00009449629,0.9930499,0.00001389735,0.00003956401,0.000004512824,0.002130091,0.001720513,0.0004401907,0.00192829,0.0002590668,0.00009268104],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941987,0.00003605764,0.00393822,0.001001561,0.0003381488,0.0003013821,0.00009842471,0.000006000591,0.00008152132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992594,0.000007036443,0.00001055172,0.0000134539,0.0005431335,0.00001427782,0.00003360424,0.00002196657,0.00009664385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005060648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995619964","doi":"10.1086/432466","title":"The Sloan Digital Sky Survey View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":680,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada); York University","funders":"","keywords":"Quasar; Astrophysics; Physics; Sky; Photometry (optics); Redshift; Population; Stars; Astronomy; Galaxy; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01192626566833181,"gpt":0.2177953478782485,"spread":0.2058690822099167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002083049,0.0002217329,0.0002664519,0.00002793491,0.0008109015,0.0003078083,0.001170685,0.00003346919,0.000253207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004369366,0.0001083192,0.0002636461,0.0001754104,0.0003528338,0.0004499313,0.0002095083,0.0005204601,0.0001498685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001153813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002086212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005947996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003475586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976203,0.0006906031,0.0007459993,0.0001497198,0.0003253142,0.000468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980105,0.0005644048,0.000555713,0.0005481417,0.000183056,0.0001382533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000439305,0.00006588186,0.9909366,0.000001072416,0.0001219201,1.511612e-9,0.0001887661,0.0002067315,0.000007618109,0.000925125,0.001513445,0.00598889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004267361,0.00002644139,0.9941495,0.00001231385,0.00001913344,0.00000443248,0.0001240151,0.0005353623,0.00004996464,0.001035605,0.003491185,0.0001252954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997355,0.0001154841,0.0005320748,0.001055526,0.0002521343,0.0001878572,0.0001508177,0.000008879975,0.0003422102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985578,0.000005809478,0.00004833398,0.000005003521,0.0007559481,0.000004800778,0.0000364908,0.00002262337,0.0005632063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005863594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.623688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982950816","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/146/2/19","title":"MOLECULAR GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN NEARBY DISK GALAXIES","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":673,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Star formation; Galaxy; Milky Way; Line-of-sight; Galaxy formation and evolution; Weighting; Power law; Hubble sequence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004991579859582369,"gpt":0.190875831475215,"spread":0.1858842516156326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002070983,0.0001248345,0.0001331262,0.00006529521,0.0001807132,0.0002098627,0.0001716992,0.00002025003,0.0004203879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000523016,0.00009108836,0.00005619196,0.00006485482,0.00008878454,0.0008231197,0.00006464591,0.0002870829,0.0001209631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007707498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000294334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001081784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003341852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990761,0.0000863293,0.0003423646,0.00008794767,0.0001192517,0.0002879687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995261,0.00003205438,0.0001530929,0.0001355006,0.00004564975,0.0001075714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008501864,0.00002696231,0.9947125,0.000001966665,0.00001961702,6.169901e-9,0.0006506455,0.0002473344,0.000416976,0.002935263,0.0002209654,0.0007592376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000441823,0.00002933417,0.9791695,0.00001024405,0.00000896699,0.000007736783,0.0008893872,0.008371129,0.0002492196,0.01068238,0.00004725615,0.00009303493],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972256,0.00004010957,0.001502456,0.0008611596,0.00005683926,0.0001694798,0.000002540836,0.000008818673,0.0001329983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990854,0.000003324426,0.0006705759,0.000002233092,0.0001787598,0.0000178198,0.000008871896,0.00001094474,0.00002204463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01554303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4602952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068740611","doi":"10.1086/301557","title":"A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection. I. The Algorithm","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":620,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Redshift; Galaxy; Galaxy cluster; Cluster (spacecraft); Simple (philosophy); Elliptical galaxy; Population; Sequence (biology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007400802992651663,"gpt":0.2411055411528445,"spread":0.2337047381601928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006801731,0.0001670508,0.0001636478,0.00003357745,0.0007328068,0.0002109198,0.0004375886,0.00002977394,0.002987275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005050286,0.00009686339,0.0002482765,0.00008641335,0.0000565602,0.0002711224,0.00003747948,0.0003942874,0.000216635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009425322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001265096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008677865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003951401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998787,0.0001577736,0.0003854358,0.0001375149,0.0001462963,0.0003859751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991821,0.0001814971,0.0001665906,0.0002582789,0.0000582638,0.0001532687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002155968,0.00007942215,0.08905066,0.00000252108,0.0004414521,4.479316e-9,0.001694779,0.006586976,0.0001141818,0.002095637,0.0198576,0.8798612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002171193,0.0001407285,0.850814,0.000010126,0.0001407828,0.00004704779,0.0006712538,0.08088299,0.0003930359,0.03160248,0.03285439,0.0002719756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3592151,0.00002242268,0.6384616,0.00159281,0.0002155196,0.0002473409,0.000009750365,0.00001499883,0.0002204486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9055586,0.000001569394,0.08779801,0.00001969618,0.003849298,0.00003770561,0.000006998641,0.0000276173,0.00270051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8795892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152648017","doi":"10.1086/375301","title":"The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":607,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Galactic plane; Telescope; Astrophysics; Radio telescope; Astronomy; Galactic astronomy; Galactic Center; Very-long-baseline interferometry; Interstellar medium; Radio spectrum; Galaxy; Milky Way","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01179683179799504,"gpt":0.2113643767293204,"spread":0.1995675449313253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008474187,0.0001361947,0.000124106,0.00002038551,0.001383137,0.000362349,0.0004316963,0.00001594181,0.0003549042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001407764,0.00007492313,0.00009911891,0.000069617,0.0001269204,0.00007339607,0.00002552648,0.000575131,0.0001972629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005536881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01183235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005635297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987143,0.000290846,0.0002227177,0.0001109936,0.0001313413,0.000529842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990453,0.0002175304,0.0001244791,0.0002584333,0.00004790913,0.0003063191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001116635,0.000130003,0.699264,8.047576e-7,0.0006114442,0.000002182183,0.000285675,0.001866797,0.000137117,0.2219422,0.01957244,0.05607563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001343408,0.0001377173,0.8001143,0.00001172917,0.00007900068,0.00003165003,0.0009921477,0.0004448917,0.0002438741,0.07750437,0.1185702,0.0005266512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9734205,0.00006551071,0.003377136,0.001011716,0.0005796346,0.0001237192,0.00003405341,0.00000621775,0.02138152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988897,0.000001079726,0.00009998303,0.0000432224,0.000500774,0.000004787276,0.000006948065,0.00001521135,0.0004382301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1444378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971733390","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/142/2/37","title":"A MOLECULAR STAR FORMATION LAW IN THE ATOMIC-GAS-DOMINATED REGIME IN NEARBY GALAXIES","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":548,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Research Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Galaxy; Star formation; Popularity; Work (physics); Star (game theory); Due diligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01244375783330884,"gpt":0.2128893015575684,"spread":0.2004455437242595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007398233,0.0001603478,0.0001822563,0.00007809163,0.0001848484,0.00007213932,0.0005254139,0.00003182662,0.0003414164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003738494,0.0001037914,0.0000968178,0.0001126141,0.0001557656,0.0003420896,0.00006355954,0.0006234016,0.00008550727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001207299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008723303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001202065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001493958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986522,0.0002826342,0.0004404347,0.0001311562,0.0001314117,0.0003622144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946,0.00005118251,0.0001778505,0.0002259922,0.00002167654,0.00006330109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001883936,0.001875517,0.4448462,0.00001925199,0.000440001,0.00006139278,0.07389991,0.002104059,0.002062881,0.4059499,0.003679786,0.0631772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01252174,0.0004902103,0.7715564,0.0003357251,0.0001570399,0.0001514963,0.02944655,0.004101225,0.01665177,0.09310812,0.06973588,0.001743836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840148,0.0000242567,0.006561415,0.0002406275,0.0001042987,0.0001888215,0.000002741646,0.000006249438,0.008856765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963839,5.531537e-7,0.003388476,0.00004610911,0.0001055499,0.00002482079,0.000006457404,0.0000121662,0.00003197777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3267102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.423249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237098093","doi":"10.1086/504637","title":"Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":544,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Metallicity; Physics; Stars; Observatory; Astrophysics; Surface gravity; Astronomy; Stellar classification; Spectral line; Homogeneous; Giant star","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009805320187193423,"gpt":0.2434195133902189,"spread":0.2336141932030254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006902657,0.0002379079,0.0003140575,0.00004261064,0.0007638138,0.0001620403,0.0005783781,0.00003206272,0.0002874874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003388874,0.0001182789,0.0002208743,0.0001444623,0.0002893032,0.00006550585,0.0001204815,0.0006214344,0.0000929024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000673847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002038976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003725948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002685986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982679,0.0002188503,0.0005035961,0.0001930951,0.0002904516,0.0005261335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998577,0.0005184527,0.000320992,0.0003856043,0.0001090882,0.0000888869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004154388,0.0001483653,0.9732423,0.000002189177,0.0004947229,6.583512e-7,0.00272377,0.005787946,0.0005419134,0.002608717,0.01317512,0.0008588267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002051703,0.0004737696,0.9443578,0.00005529896,0.0005289563,0.00002419794,0.01210894,0.0007691502,0.003293069,0.007454732,0.02834969,0.0005327231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984997,0.0001370502,0.007809914,0.003863476,0.0003413997,0.0004615215,0.0004616402,0.00001217778,0.001915872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969046,0.000002547953,0.001066863,0.0000683781,0.001645346,0.00001479919,0.000029306,0.00002103851,0.0002471108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02888455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5874715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982717117","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1877","title":"GALAXY PAIRS IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY. I. STAR FORMATION, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FRACTION, AND THE LUMINOSITY/MASS-METALLICITY RELATION","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":525,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Trent University; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Stellar mass; Sky; Astronomy; Metallicity; Redshift; Star formation; Field galaxy; Luminosity; Active galactic nucleus; Redshift survey","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01219246169415403,"gpt":0.2048538399873932,"spread":0.1926613782932392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001538464,0.0002230599,0.000256036,0.00008200129,0.001187777,0.0003419351,0.0004184346,0.00004684792,0.0001312795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008690254,0.0001251731,0.0001444825,0.0002123176,0.0004344927,0.002140084,0.00006455042,0.0008652299,0.00006392234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002284446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001153164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002428869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002752389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978029,0.0006964946,0.0006233362,0.0001650502,0.0003480795,0.0003642079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982557,0.0006526975,0.0005405704,0.0003023908,0.000151863,0.00009675166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002108305,0.00006970802,0.9936478,0.000001542523,0.00007735213,2.646978e-8,0.003451832,0.0003302,0.00001040938,0.001535492,0.0003859844,0.0002788355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001419838,0.00004272645,0.9858112,0.000007457948,0.00003508962,0.00004162353,0.003094736,0.00357779,0.00001944455,0.005653177,0.0001623579,0.0001345941],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992936,0.00002218641,0.005046862,0.00107315,0.0001085089,0.000372637,0.00002852266,0.00001478735,0.0003973988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999314,0.00001086541,0.0001523898,0.00001043598,0.0003733038,0.00002030795,0.00005670189,0.00001649114,0.00004547148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007836622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9135537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014720123","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/139/3/906","title":"THE CANADA-FRANCE HIGH-<i>z</i>QUASAR SURVEY: NINE NEW QUASARS AND THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT REDSHIFT 6","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":514,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Quasar; Astrophysics; Redshift; Physics; Luminosity function; Reionization; Luminosity; Galaxy; Absolute magnitude; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005111102054682466,"gpt":0.1831422214113131,"spread":0.1780311193566307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001483943,0.0001969928,0.0002128913,0.00001703376,0.001757133,0.0002316207,0.0005204668,0.00003367785,0.0003066112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003851696,0.0001004098,0.00009147382,0.00008592082,0.0004131183,0.0002108299,0.000149199,0.0007951654,0.00003291648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001158157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004597224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09537879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984168,0.0003169351,0.0004334484,0.0001600106,0.0002641154,0.0004087191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984419,0.0004835773,0.0003679062,0.0004105526,0.00009186511,0.0002041357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002152791,0.00001280556,0.9811673,6.644698e-7,0.00008943603,4.586089e-9,0.0001368432,0.00009717598,0.00006232081,0.004162873,0.01275015,0.001305113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001254193,0.00002341875,0.9867278,0.000003286786,0.00004108098,0.000007373034,0.0001186025,0.0004911397,0.00004485765,0.001895353,0.009278151,0.0001146895],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924483,0.00008371686,0.0008029775,0.005276592,0.001062002,0.0001855366,0.0000249001,0.00000919385,0.0001067885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972472,0.000008926907,0.00009070004,0.00001788387,0.00136065,0.00000497141,0.00002000949,0.00001613603,0.00123352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01452116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963974970","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/75","title":"THE RADIAL VELOCITY EXPERIMENT (RAVE): FIFTH DATA RELEASE","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":512,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; W. M. Keck Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Macquarie University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Radial velocity; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03354222852891343,"gpt":0.28519420413077,"spread":0.2516519756018566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006753698,0.0001667849,0.0001735125,0.00001113518,0.002763205,0.001034716,0.002652532,0.00002595347,0.0004700126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002255253,0.00008705226,0.0001356083,0.00001250423,0.0003208229,0.0002959108,0.0006808914,0.0005724191,0.0001230388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003931799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001523239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001611401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987661,0.0000944905,0.000297752,0.0002131288,0.0001926057,0.0004358836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978743,0.0001006945,0.0002395999,0.001545653,0.00003440693,0.0002054087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004067294,0.0002886297,0.3113878,0.000001596954,0.0006095796,0.000006617835,0.0007491883,0.0002219032,0.0007916736,0.008591237,0.0413854,0.6355597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002754926,0.0001315625,0.6564633,0.00003107364,0.000124104,0.00002483449,0.001574591,0.003934508,0.001053903,0.003879241,0.3295449,0.0004830113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892276,0.0001284908,0.002514866,0.005829879,0.000628444,0.000117296,0.00004005132,0.000007306648,0.001506053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955574,0.000007919343,0.0005387177,0.00002747379,0.003347228,0.00000551293,0.00001304148,0.00001708196,0.0004856352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6350766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076328442","doi":"10.1086/378365","title":"Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":511,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Physics; Metallicity; Surface gravity; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Homogeneous; Stellar classification; Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341683522218453,"gpt":0.2528115290146766,"spread":0.239394693792492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001133063,0.0002637937,0.0003439024,0.00004138238,0.000828311,0.0001544918,0.0005937913,0.00003398147,0.000330083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001162589,0.0001278449,0.0002341123,0.0001690706,0.0003006816,0.00008163146,0.0000897678,0.0007357484,0.00006767151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007943247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003363761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000805228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002954589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997933,0.000447935,0.0005222214,0.0002129772,0.000310391,0.0005734658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981768,0.0007492648,0.0003365992,0.0004665064,0.0001404843,0.0001303481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002474231,0.0001134301,0.9843784,0.000001761972,0.0006506894,6.156246e-7,0.003034323,0.003212416,0.0001638407,0.003527184,0.00358026,0.001089644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002159799,0.0006186232,0.9188024,0.00006519645,0.0006138792,0.00004161165,0.01626089,0.0004102675,0.003290928,0.005937014,0.05119397,0.0006054083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849801,0.0001926722,0.007837184,0.002870977,0.000499515,0.0005648125,0.000219023,0.00001050156,0.002825192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997902,0.000009554366,0.001075684,0.00010531,0.0007437691,0.00002001845,0.00001403311,0.00002199187,0.0001076551],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06557601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6370783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967911932","doi":"10.1086/301548","title":"Abundances and Kinematics of Field Halo and Disk Stars. I. Observational Data and Abundance Analysis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":501,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Astrophysics; Halo; Abundance (ecology); Physics; Field (mathematics); Kinematics; High resolution; Galaxy; Geology; Mathematics; Remote sensing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02848534423953147,"gpt":0.2619689096439041,"spread":0.2334835654043726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002091488,0.0001010624,0.0002471487,0.00002570376,0.0001733139,0.00007512038,0.0001708178,0.00001565585,0.0004785594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001253113,0.0000678486,0.00003432493,0.00005856412,0.0001661321,0.0001380118,0.00008378968,0.0001521337,0.000001188026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003074249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001986315,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008724998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001241101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993374,0.00004022678,0.0002537423,0.0001399336,0.00009809978,0.0001305522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991966,0.0004010527,0.0001238908,0.0001823906,0.0000193774,0.00007664565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000327872,0.00001870638,0.9774192,0.000004694147,0.0005196635,1.507261e-7,0.0002170938,0.000282298,0.000005336524,0.0002100683,0.0003501693,0.02093984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002956972,0.00004170214,0.990971,0.00001334941,0.0003992664,0.000005013713,0.0002210348,0.006198062,0.00001492194,0.001110458,0.0006540227,0.00007549294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959728,0.0007515669,0.001446158,0.000967031,0.00002883844,0.00004378302,0.00004509007,0.000002032213,0.0007427086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968458,0.0001953261,0.002602575,0.00003526449,0.0002108973,6.949634e-7,0.00002381661,0.000003732571,0.00008183427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02086434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.523989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995413453","doi":"10.1086/505938","title":"Calibration of Synthetic Photometry Using DA White Dwarfs","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":487,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; White dwarf; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Sky; Apparent magnitude; Vega; Photometric system; Astronomy; Effective temperature; Observatory; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01392400440002141,"gpt":0.2304992387156422,"spread":0.2165752343156208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001834353,0.0001159819,0.0001950677,0.00005084407,0.0001730552,0.00006109466,0.0001574973,0.00002067334,0.0004845782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003836631,0.00007943266,0.000116994,0.0000727986,0.0001027021,0.00008918042,0.00003840055,0.000205079,0.000008848669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000225501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004091912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001392105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001102214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999179,0.00007058062,0.000313801,0.00009778822,0.0001291802,0.0002096621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994581,0.0001141216,0.0002167297,0.0001361222,0.00002966563,0.00004530024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002857776,0.0000471946,0.9915396,0.000001841811,0.00007829024,2.72528e-7,0.00005711511,0.005920312,0.0004373126,0.0003671653,0.0003355078,0.001186806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007705397,0.0000631441,0.9777498,0.00003901384,0.0002078445,0.00003176386,0.0004141625,0.0133631,0.00388012,0.00292996,0.0003384159,0.000212188],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9746653,0.00008504669,0.0197849,0.0001608851,0.0002199301,0.00006237005,0.000006233459,0.000005222797,0.005010101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997853,9.456749e-7,0.001096157,0.00000782503,0.0009397501,8.351124e-7,0.000006465606,0.00001008986,0.00008487817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02318774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5305791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2602693422","doi":"10.1086/518474","title":"The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. IV. Fifth Data Release","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":479,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Quasar; Redshift; Sky; Physics; Astrophysics; Photometry (optics); Astronomy; Cosmology; Galaxy; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01961558500730273,"gpt":0.244098177266045,"spread":0.2244825922587422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002467489,0.0002168386,0.0001912648,0.00004427489,0.001027143,0.0006126981,0.001610208,0.00003293315,0.0001494604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000770121,0.0001312217,0.0001135011,0.0001313753,0.0002685457,0.0009222382,0.0004047883,0.0006360304,0.000376317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001214326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002089781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002638909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001041175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980419,0.000159747,0.0006419292,0.0002222859,0.0002847324,0.0006494633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977737,0.0005185477,0.0003688883,0.0009564974,0.0001066639,0.0002757188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009498624,0.00006968889,0.989627,6.614683e-7,0.0001011033,2.488951e-8,0.0002304953,0.00008128265,0.000007457569,0.001236141,0.004604244,0.00394693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004711224,0.00003731934,0.9899039,0.00000561336,0.00002107051,0.00001156997,0.0006933669,0.0009898189,0.0000127931,0.001295651,0.006404,0.0001537999],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920671,0.00006728864,0.006205895,0.0004736782,0.0003728579,0.0001405731,0.0002745552,0.00001948749,0.0003785457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976873,0.000003200629,0.0001544526,0.000004067665,0.001343575,0.000002165688,0.0005269684,0.00002563147,0.0002526673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006051443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7900057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094246362","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/149/2/77","title":"THE MANGA INTEGRAL FIELD UNIT FIBER FEED SYSTEM FOR THE SLOAN 2.5 M TELESCOPE","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":478,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Leverhulme Trust; York University; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Telescope; Materials science; Fiber; Coating; Optics; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02997659728476374,"gpt":0.2910202508200728,"spread":0.2610436535353091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001086664,0.0002258868,0.0002320827,0.00002429482,0.001250927,0.0005357982,0.001273536,0.00003711625,0.000154014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000461206,0.00009696133,0.0003429242,0.00009809438,0.0002700398,0.000150694,0.0002431848,0.001079227,0.0002543399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008952698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002861136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008494742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003207179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998183,0.000229692,0.0003868138,0.0001855855,0.0002973987,0.0007175406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974436,0.001449604,0.0001899423,0.000440942,0.0001616927,0.0003142036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001292097,0.0001426761,0.008315154,0.000004389326,0.0007095918,0.000001064278,0.0003675747,0.002386055,0.0001781639,0.03735029,0.03971196,0.909541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01084875,0.002593378,0.01906269,0.0003093338,0.0007001575,0.00005904864,0.05973139,0.02766294,0.02089559,0.01356961,0.8431447,0.001422403],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6742569,0.0002544308,0.2988504,0.01693955,0.001658828,0.001375536,0.00006582535,0.0000523426,0.006546196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927083,7.163096e-7,0.0006224492,0.00002904022,0.003379173,0.00008107347,0.000005750871,0.00002539397,0.003148067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9081186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9621242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939399083","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/ab16e9","title":"The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":469,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Science Mission Directorate; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Office of Science; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Science Foundation; European Space Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium","keywords":"Exoplanet; Physics; Planet; Demographics; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Brown dwarf; Giant planet; Astrophysics; Planetary system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01227872887251605,"gpt":0.2187468060157096,"spread":0.2064680771431935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000710459,0.0002900741,0.0003584935,0.00004328973,0.0005479543,0.000301365,0.0004907553,0.00005606473,0.00121806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001595855,0.0001668376,0.0000616636,0.00006018109,0.0001836333,0.00007963841,0.0001630183,0.000602169,0.0006539458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002483073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009075426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001723014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001898852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982418,0.0002483385,0.0003988567,0.0002817857,0.0002316412,0.0005975285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972638,0.00187621,0.0001970377,0.0003661324,0.00002772696,0.0002691042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003465062,0.00002463156,0.9647654,0.000001300946,0.0003398488,0.000001716295,0.0001910649,0.0001923356,0.00002520197,0.00007338061,0.02732274,0.006715886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006646079,0.0001250037,0.9501386,0.00001038781,0.00006659236,0.00002345512,0.0003482882,0.0001878265,0.00001324137,0.0002254061,0.04797703,0.0002195045],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923207,0.0003160434,0.0001422642,0.0006370902,0.0006989194,0.0002320686,0.0005314672,0.00001282737,0.005108613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970706,0.00003191005,0.0003045184,0.0001088929,0.001382118,0.000004047811,0.0006051572,0.00002371387,0.0004690466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0206543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041367066","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/aba592","title":"APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":466,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Stars; Sky; Telescope; Spectral line; Spectral analysis; Stellar classification","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09750341296379002,"gpt":0.266399291588209,"spread":0.168895878624419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002834217,0.0001654932,0.0004116983,0.00003910788,0.0002396753,0.0001086667,0.001150662,0.00003065382,0.0002012982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001266605,0.0001342996,0.0000955573,0.0001773876,0.0001119705,0.0002479907,0.001009366,0.000395019,0.00001645678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001740077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005923918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001891097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001126832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985279,0.0001005008,0.000523419,0.00042315,0.0001908846,0.0002341793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977849,0.0007360031,0.0003672471,0.0009000179,0.00002622022,0.0001855712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002414396,0.00003552682,0.9877796,0.000001219884,0.002561375,0.00000149598,0.001872366,0.001278996,0.00001965567,0.00002146256,0.003074181,0.003112741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001127546,0.0000275324,0.972647,0.00001686729,0.001855865,5.727929e-7,0.001535446,0.02058865,0.00002528715,0.0003651763,0.001655168,0.0001548667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857207,0.0002128569,0.005391771,0.002107879,0.00009632479,0.00007920682,0.006109203,0.000009002139,0.0002730764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919082,0.0000204313,0.003169684,0.00005180659,0.001510567,5.636489e-7,0.003316574,0.00001241551,0.000009761543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01930965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5476577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2484772434","doi":"10.3847/0004-6256/152/4/83","title":"THE DATA REDUCTION PIPELINE FOR THE SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU GALAXY SURVEY","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":445,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Leverhulme Trust; York University; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Sky; Redshift; Data reduction; Astrophysics; Surface brightness; LAMOST; Astronomy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03125081566961886,"gpt":0.259467158314836,"spread":0.2282163426452171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002845956,0.0001748433,0.0001518539,0.00002528753,0.001404289,0.0002584664,0.001448581,0.00002677318,0.000255819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007842874,0.00006966032,0.0001240988,0.00007616193,0.0002699478,0.000489285,0.0002454612,0.0002977452,0.000129386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001059502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001518704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008744245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002462406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983812,0.0002719553,0.0005037734,0.0001953349,0.0001986175,0.0004491478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976224,0.000830469,0.0003713823,0.0009112428,0.0001603501,0.0001041145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003143139,0.00006996306,0.8674294,0.00000167953,0.0002852684,2.525754e-9,0.0002359651,0.0002215945,0.000267359,0.005686139,0.09611864,0.02936961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007734072,0.00003129322,0.9783293,0.00001058009,0.00005482752,0.000009425259,0.0004282888,0.003725844,0.00006835807,0.004679805,0.01177228,0.0001166077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.915607,0.0001049692,0.07408743,0.008510389,0.001013078,0.0003794758,0.00022103,0.00001774125,0.00005884305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949755,0.00001831683,0.0003304418,0.000002944238,0.003280477,0.00002516789,0.00007091869,0.00002410471,0.001272138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1108998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966292886","doi":"10.1086/340697","title":"Characterization of M, L, and T Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":444,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stellar classification; Sky; Brown dwarf; Photometry (optics); Observatory; Luminosity; Parallax; Telescope; Astronomy; Stars; Galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01977790820899399,"gpt":0.2117400080080051,"spread":0.1919620997990111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000273291,0.00007892888,0.0001291134,0.00002173171,0.00009094467,0.00008668486,0.0001482948,0.00001221604,0.0001407723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000102633,0.00004357617,0.00003717986,0.00004597287,0.0000814906,0.0001085812,0.00002859063,0.0001859561,0.00001277564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005568286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006150165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003552865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003171574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994103,0.00010137,0.000200365,0.00006752871,0.00008249043,0.0001378888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995222,0.0002301283,0.0001108538,0.00009124778,0.00001655983,0.00002900886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001614067,0.00004277431,0.9870704,6.2778e-7,0.00003294234,1.743434e-7,0.0005087196,0.00001298506,0.0000372113,0.00008045909,0.0001055955,0.01209191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002766296,0.00003295123,0.9986613,0.000005540971,0.0000116473,0.000006942177,0.0001933474,0.0003099076,0.00002716934,0.0001242758,0.0003044588,0.00004584562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963938,0.00004601178,0.0002983708,0.0003637442,0.00006170104,0.00005818903,0.00001592513,0.000001424434,0.002760831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996265,0.0000112221,0.00001355678,0.00001669135,0.0002661106,0.000001081445,0.00001596952,0.000004212061,0.00004467857],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01204606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1776985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131495488","doi":"10.1086/323719","title":"Variable Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":443,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"RR Lyrae variable; Cepheid variable; Globular cluster; Physics; Astrophysics; Variable star; Astronomy; Instability strip; Population; Horizontal branch; Stars; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0102230691526844,"gpt":0.2190737445328326,"spread":0.2088506753801482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038445,0.0001598427,0.0002260484,0.00005011422,0.0002008524,0.00009710078,0.0002731955,0.00002651921,0.001272385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001074237,0.0001121604,0.00008974902,0.0001075945,0.00007497645,0.0001331815,0.00006536088,0.0004906112,0.0001238848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006741333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006618213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002540608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009905411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988502,0.0001118935,0.0003079822,0.0001485554,0.0001420944,0.0004393328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999367,0.0001913116,0.0001217199,0.0001831776,0.00002321771,0.0001135549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009947118,0.00006103946,0.9910142,9.069936e-7,0.0001069097,0.000003678702,0.0001538865,0.003576388,0.00001249712,0.0005632719,0.001445414,0.002962371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001146023,0.00005983493,0.9851595,0.00002049443,0.00006462937,0.00005500403,0.0006530984,0.00118581,0.00001323265,0.002579926,0.008890891,0.0001715519],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9623629,0.0001497702,0.005701263,0.001021375,0.0004431049,0.0001103728,0.000002283987,0.000009526114,0.03019938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976241,0.00001028726,0.001196456,0.00007003697,0.0008172367,0.000003311056,0.000004861112,0.00001238954,0.0002613311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03526117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1582881973","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/173","title":"THE DATA REDUCTION PIPELINE FOR THE APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY GALACTIC EVOLUTION EXPERIMENT","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":436,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Observatory; Sky; Astrophysics; Milky Way; Telescope; Stars; Astronomy; Data reduction; Spectrograph; Spectral line; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07438316902965855,"gpt":0.2879166944351471,"spread":0.2135335254054885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001465557,0.0001549782,0.0001497448,0.00001236968,0.0009144422,0.000168647,0.000706688,0.00002253782,0.0000435203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008145019,0.00007117525,0.0001027135,0.00004138044,0.0001850803,0.000186981,0.0001821376,0.0003680813,0.00003442894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001132425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001482113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009926625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000348019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988194,0.0001516652,0.0003224835,0.000179032,0.0002012768,0.0003261951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983299,0.0006189068,0.0002323705,0.000614204,0.0000930869,0.0001115183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001734113,0.0003490943,0.3999188,0.000005488661,0.001584812,4.786664e-7,0.002793813,0.005542757,0.0002306254,0.006336913,0.5012649,0.08023816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006442334,0.00061441,0.4913917,0.00008108102,0.00176212,0.000207159,0.06143495,0.105678,0.001010468,0.019742,0.3106242,0.001011598],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4921832,0.0180957,0.3940103,0.06951397,0.01466738,0.002739604,0.0001136482,0.00009612357,0.008580138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944667,0.00001766114,0.0004737379,0.00002680998,0.004634972,0.00002307848,0.00002303585,0.00001433911,0.0003196145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5022836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7033242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029342275","doi":"10.1086/342285","title":"Fourier Techniques for Very Long Astrophysical Time-Series Analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":426,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Fourier analysis; Fourier transform; Fourier series; Spectral density estimation; Discrete-time Fourier transform; Spectral density; Discrete Fourier series; Interpolation (computer graphics); Discrete Fourier transform (general); Amplitude","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009565539128643961,"gpt":0.2163080916416122,"spread":0.2067425525129682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002069554,0.0002095448,0.0003686927,0.0001486338,0.0004407333,0.0001720035,0.0004987568,0.00005318748,0.001684479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007323576,0.0001526296,0.0005463542,0.0002707982,0.0002144558,0.0003010458,0.00007714947,0.0004168796,0.00009527282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005375921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002620897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007082084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.22478e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987616,0.00005665639,0.0003882532,0.0002220076,0.0001176694,0.0004537909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991138,0.0001042591,0.0002163111,0.000375409,0.00007294428,0.0001172721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002122916,0.0008080831,0.3355582,0.000004737656,0.006130154,0.000002358562,0.0001852903,0.004215564,0.001685969,0.04974984,0.02444591,0.5770016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006950072,0.003238848,0.4257899,0.00009621395,0.009223852,0.0001085055,0.001477575,0.1894715,0.02544086,0.04791036,0.2867003,0.003591925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5611075,0.00002872483,0.4356355,0.002196003,0.00008440998,0.0002241827,0.00003684169,0.00005843248,0.0006284001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412893,0.000001200765,0.05580512,0.00002222334,0.001378919,0.00006782253,0.00002214807,0.00002502511,0.001388265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5734097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042598102","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/167","title":"UNIFICATION OF LUMINOUS TYPE 1 QUASARS THROUGH C IV EMISSION","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":426,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Western University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Quasar; Astrophysics; Physics; Emission spectrum; Context (archaeology); Spectral line; Accretion (finance); Astronomy; Line (geometry); Galaxy; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02431280214674825,"gpt":0.2322505204190839,"spread":0.2079377182723356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000263105,0.0001111676,0.0001437706,0.00003356591,0.0001908146,0.0000237059,0.0003209411,0.00002695962,0.0009467714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007123216,0.00007898035,0.00009098848,0.00009273314,0.0001121741,0.0002946979,0.00004534856,0.0002349057,0.00009629197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005477514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001070048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007777321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.274846e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990857,0.00008229274,0.0004007583,0.00009351686,0.0001283547,0.0002093464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991797,0.00002738778,0.0003586874,0.0002398875,0.000117144,0.00007724988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005860511,0.0001047216,0.9879293,0.00000195788,0.00005097945,2.553596e-9,0.002421637,0.00004942025,0.001092933,0.006912104,0.0005661804,0.0008121345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003023435,0.00007767801,0.989068,0.00001076164,0.00002985373,0.000003942471,0.0009466901,0.0003672848,0.001849731,0.0069557,0.0003028418,0.00008520849],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936764,0.00001807979,0.002875199,0.00009133675,0.000206004,0.00008654504,0.000003384602,0.000009974413,0.003033068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973657,0.000004234131,0.002166911,0.000001122119,0.0003078471,0.000002384443,0.00001090512,0.00001216506,0.0001287643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003689258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281478490","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b","title":"Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":425,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Brookhaven National Laboratory; Argonne National Laboratory; High Energy Physics; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of California, Irvine; Office of Science; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; University of Waterloo; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; University of Rochester; York University; Durham University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Division of Astronomical Sciences; University of Pennsylvania; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Swinburne University of Technology; University of Wyoming; University of Pittsburgh; University College London; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Universität Zürich; Carnegie Mellon University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Harvard University; Universitat de Barcelona; Ohio State University; Southern Methodist University; University of Portsmouth; Aix-Marseille Université; U.S. Department of Energy; Heising-Simons Foundation; University of Toronto; Yale University; European Space Agency; Fermilab; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Dark energy; Instrumentation (computer programming); Redshift; Telescope; First light; Galaxy; Optics; Spectrograph; Astronomy; Cosmology; Spectral line; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02706879117434903,"gpt":0.2924421783225903,"spread":0.2653733871482413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004088065,0.000133412,0.0001716856,0.00002328787,0.001220483,0.00007422403,0.0009686439,0.000009477595,0.0008963253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005541498,0.0000665585,0.0003405932,0.0001371566,0.0001977072,0.00008726985,0.0004536731,0.0005426125,0.000003815845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001163842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002328233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007068862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001059053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985885,0.0002351732,0.0003410688,0.000139197,0.0003409586,0.0003551111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990332,0.0002588493,0.0002875178,0.0003182418,0.00003389207,0.00006835681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004575502,0.0005042651,0.05747418,0.0000059355,0.0006867889,1.255328e-7,0.0004336211,0.01049679,0.004746571,0.1868151,0.004289806,0.7340893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0149558,0.003476473,0.4346554,0.0001745144,0.001040212,0.00002778809,0.02429829,0.02365252,0.1379258,0.1322892,0.2261523,0.001351757],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.922746,0.000122474,0.07096065,0.004771349,0.0005051481,0.0004096016,0.00007367872,0.000004524662,0.0004065534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985309,0.000003042421,0.0003287621,0.00005957609,0.0006570705,0.0001199446,0.000007414145,0.00001327555,0.0002800491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7327375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9814134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061710077","doi":"10.1086/382723","title":"[O<scp>ii</scp>] as a Star Formation Rate Indicator","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":425,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Metallicity; Galaxy; Redshift; Star formation; Luminosity; Ionization; Interstellar medium; Doubly ionized oxygen; Spectral line; Astronomy; Emission spectrum","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006505128968869449,"gpt":0.2054823119805778,"spread":0.1989771830117084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005696679,0.0002037094,0.0001931287,0.0001024478,0.0008363666,0.0001927802,0.000442813,0.00003969024,0.0002240414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002096488,0.0001518711,0.0001660625,0.0001154415,0.0001136159,0.0009063144,0.0001172944,0.0005205323,0.0009502601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000274188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000264897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003728059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001687301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985346,0.0001064883,0.0005213739,0.0001380435,0.0002198154,0.0004797026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989357,0.00006791485,0.0004423137,0.0002460527,0.00006951773,0.0002384951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005806974,0.0004190267,0.9187009,0.000008885961,0.0003464542,6.205997e-8,0.009718737,0.005485705,0.001415131,0.05777356,0.005185598,0.0008879043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001459786,0.0001439178,0.9578428,0.00001787566,0.00004340588,0.00002214282,0.002184498,0.0004249218,0.002091143,0.03302557,0.002648685,0.00009524465],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926675,0.00002704873,0.005594405,0.0007384931,0.000217073,0.0001886443,0.00001387964,0.0000314819,0.0005214778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977484,0.000002822514,0.001025982,0.00001363141,0.0009475091,0.00001549055,0.00003124695,0.00002203182,0.0001928485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03914193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998233665","doi":"10.1086/505940","title":"The VLA Galactic Plane Survey","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":417,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Galactic plane; Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Brightness; Longitude; Telescope; Latitude","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008148300771328141,"gpt":0.2056865980027373,"spread":0.1975382972314091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001085781,0.0001471491,0.0001351162,0.00002687842,0.0009289104,0.0003063769,0.0004583145,0.00002091357,0.0004035832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001259439,0.00008325927,0.0001082763,0.00007805319,0.0001524182,0.0002125149,0.00006053318,0.0004380169,0.0003139098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009555544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001079014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004003974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004805751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986094,0.0002774317,0.0004096042,0.0001024193,0.000186853,0.0004143097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989563,0.0003506875,0.0002684577,0.0002616256,0.00007225564,0.00009068635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003502451,0.00003495507,0.9897015,3.414274e-7,0.00004235453,3.568655e-9,0.00004455131,0.0004650821,0.00002185931,0.003590595,0.005824849,0.0002388734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003628421,0.00002303446,0.9921277,0.000003043729,0.00001669088,0.000008786089,0.0001360099,0.0005494679,0.00003799404,0.005157883,0.001481602,0.00009497476],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967551,0.00004686394,0.001313745,0.0006624297,0.0003280406,0.00009248931,0.0000154771,0.00001350636,0.0007723095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976806,0.000001383068,0.0001198247,0.000001765226,0.001427458,0.000005784033,0.00003338884,0.0000154743,0.0007143021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004343247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7144521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161870202","doi":"10.1086/422919","title":"The Size Distribution of Trans-Neptunian Bodies","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":412,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Extrapolation; Sky; Mass distribution; Solar System; Magnitude (astronomy); Cosmology; Distribution (mathematics); Plane (geometry)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005854015037808632,"gpt":0.1994115703747771,"spread":0.1935575553369685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003232407,0.00008385463,0.0001009785,0.000004279399,0.0004636816,0.0000648818,0.0003882406,0.00001232237,0.0001331246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006867033,0.00004257145,0.000111494,0.00003556435,0.0002630612,0.0001008758,0.0000219966,0.0002706531,0.00001978427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000186834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008489744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005366059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004633443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992931,0.00005253946,0.0002219216,0.00007090809,0.0001231809,0.0002383703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999468,0.0001695064,0.0001211394,0.0001366185,0.00002469491,0.00008000672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007895319,0.0004761494,0.4911219,0.000007031207,0.0007259718,0.000002922193,0.004039689,0.1070603,0.01099657,0.1147053,0.004827708,0.265247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001212831,0.0002050744,0.9648513,0.00002865944,0.00006106318,0.00001820182,0.002207652,0.0003165738,0.001895637,0.01398822,0.01503186,0.0001829836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712208,0.00004911417,0.02552046,0.002416941,0.0001464716,0.00005575525,0.00004658221,0.000003753484,0.0005401201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992303,0.000003426481,0.0003381509,0.000008252025,0.0003266482,0.000001072779,0.000008308903,0.000003130979,0.00008067494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4737294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3566311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1499859301","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/150/5/148","title":"ABUNDANCES, STELLAR PARAMETERS, AND SPECTRA FROM THE SDSS-III/APOGEE SURVEY","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":410,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; York University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Carnegie Mellon University; Office of Science; Johns Hopkins University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics - Center for the Evolution of the Elements; University of Arizona; Princeton University; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Spectral line; Observatory; Abundance (ecology); Astronomical spectroscopy; Calibration; Stars; Star cluster; Abundance of the chemical elements","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03442099164871068,"gpt":0.2383900154811527,"spread":0.203969023832442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008372675,0.0001940902,0.0002702643,0.00001433649,0.0003358888,0.0002483218,0.0003788975,0.00002806356,0.0001823924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002757503,0.0001051561,0.00008872591,0.0000507802,0.0002459322,0.00009326382,0.0001043117,0.0004869929,0.00007221398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003045395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008307337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001812087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000848105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986798,0.0003149013,0.0002881361,0.0001851032,0.0001942393,0.0003377875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983281,0.001006413,0.0001728572,0.0002548124,0.00004616023,0.0001916074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000123584,0.00002565693,0.9845181,2.829383e-7,0.000277885,7.328889e-7,0.0005243311,0.0001958729,0.000002402577,0.0001080593,0.008665401,0.005557661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001003271,0.00007301805,0.9903874,0.00001002771,0.00009750241,0.0000119612,0.00103278,0.0002147562,0.00005185639,0.002698391,0.004270315,0.0001487084],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927447,0.001070198,0.001429647,0.0008844219,0.0005434729,0.0001277651,0.00003768869,0.000008292844,0.003153751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976124,0.00002650186,0.0006877014,0.00007887508,0.001457943,0.000002290516,0.00002457169,0.00001338598,0.00009639105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005869282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4288143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409447747","doi":"10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41","title":"NOMINAL VALUES FOR SELECTED SOLAR AND PLANETARY QUANTITIES: IAU 2015 RESOLUTION B3<sup>*</sup> <sup>†</sup>","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":396,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Grantová Agentura České Republiky; National Research Foundation; Stellar Astrophysics Centre; Villanova University; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Solar physics; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Nuclear physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01011798688406399,"gpt":0.2306388142527733,"spread":0.2205208273687093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005797008,0.0003199568,0.0003904562,0.00009392249,0.000557651,0.0002202204,0.0003790534,0.0001001162,0.0002569573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003754784,0.0002044349,0.0002118443,0.00007215718,0.0002263517,0.0003752009,0.0001003555,0.0005013709,0.00009339955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001031195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001954824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001056454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000456175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981192,0.0001953898,0.0004660839,0.0003169441,0.0001985157,0.0007038712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986916,0.0004310042,0.0002133931,0.0002719398,0.0001139658,0.0002780667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006489134,0.0009782072,0.6276575,0.00007622968,0.00349676,0.00001077019,0.007005928,0.1521893,0.004199895,0.01289237,0.09279921,0.09220471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007024611,0.0009998132,0.04703572,0.0002108483,0.0005197318,0.0001532961,0.005305456,0.9176555,0.0004112656,0.008591813,0.01107884,0.001013104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9316083,0.0001124461,0.0658798,0.001602408,0.0001211359,0.0002564991,0.0002712915,0.00002905164,0.0001190788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930741,0.00001481567,0.004532276,0.00002915658,0.001644222,0.00001485738,0.00007830909,0.00004311395,0.0005691229],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7654662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8336611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113441996","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/134","title":"THE RADIAL VELOCITY EXPERIMENT (RAVE): FOURTH DATA RELEASE","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":388,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; W. M. Keck Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Macquarie University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Metallicity; Radial velocity; Stars; Physics; Pipeline (software); Surface gravity; Astrophysics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02274497024086602,"gpt":0.2448927010099362,"spread":0.2221477307690701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003773812,0.000171998,0.0001794189,0.00001355526,0.0008961694,0.000306966,0.0009369568,0.00002089462,0.0009702183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002044912,0.00008909412,0.00009759975,0.00003234728,0.0001918422,0.0001683514,0.0003117223,0.0004642461,0.0004241184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003256585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007943786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002493883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003249321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987561,0.0001425641,0.0003060338,0.0001879625,0.0001852474,0.0004221474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986165,0.0004027448,0.0001653281,0.000606795,0.00003816286,0.0001704779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001627244,0.0001465725,0.6410538,0.000001380996,0.0008063106,0.000001415225,0.0005466521,0.0004042201,0.00004739706,0.002086684,0.1322975,0.2224453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001831465,0.0001391147,0.921224,0.00001734165,0.0001768382,0.000033939,0.002357427,0.008463116,0.0002954385,0.006200846,0.05884383,0.0004166684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682413,0.0007793987,0.004748625,0.008461499,0.001447366,0.0004237376,0.0000227407,0.0000211693,0.01585417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959388,0.00002284615,0.0006933485,0.00005835335,0.002962682,0.00001096882,0.00002069399,0.00001296918,0.0002793038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2801702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1658947143","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/150/1/19","title":"OBSERVING STRATEGY FOR THE SDSS-IV/MaNGA IFU GALAXY SURVEY","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":379,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; York University; Leverhulme Trust; Carnegie Institution for Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Yale University; University of Toronto; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; Vanderbilt University; University of Portsmouth; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1033554402313263,"gpt":0.2954822738120876,"spread":0.1921268335807613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001375338,0.0001977313,0.0002381341,0.00004051447,0.0005287466,0.0002616686,0.0009440134,0.00004903601,0.0001769531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003664462,0.0001147264,0.0001919453,0.0001230563,0.0001712584,0.0002042328,0.0001247396,0.000576628,0.00004763851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007438544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000258839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002568106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002846366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986273,0.0001498266,0.0004068681,0.0001892619,0.0001327186,0.0004940121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985188,0.0004717298,0.0002480253,0.000435658,0.0001585836,0.0001672423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001843407,0.0001437236,0.781243,0.000001997713,0.0005580615,4.067405e-7,0.0002026839,0.03076794,0.0000915739,0.03996739,0.02564969,0.1211892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002755491,0.0003511328,0.9106207,0.00001754206,0.0001533238,0.00002051794,0.003300398,0.02008739,0.0002684721,0.02246755,0.03953226,0.0004252614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8477569,0.0001336383,0.1483353,0.002468467,0.0004473308,0.0003207937,0.00005309098,0.00002723481,0.0004572897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954548,0.000001098222,0.002771307,0.00003255518,0.001312074,0.00004877527,0.00002694485,0.00002695604,0.0003254999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1476979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4678406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071315938","doi":"10.1086/378610","title":"Candidate Type II Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Selection and Optical Properties of a Sample at 0.3&lt;<i>Z</i>&lt;0.83","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":374,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Quasar; Astrophysics; Physics; Redshift; Sky; Active galactic nucleus; Galaxy; Emission spectrum; Astronomy; Equivalent width; Line (geometry); Type (biology); Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01256729845498907,"gpt":0.1979130720829115,"spread":0.1853457736279225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004578103,0.0001678357,0.0002077317,0.00002789924,0.0006646016,0.0001919095,0.0002102937,0.00002834968,0.0002910806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000709788,0.00009981744,0.00007916749,0.00009048534,0.0002531924,0.0003269758,0.0001029266,0.0002762911,0.00002350358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000130186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001773013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004421468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001542717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987901,0.0001873755,0.0004003285,0.000145812,0.0001783817,0.0002980229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991758,0.0001728765,0.0002274007,0.0001807998,0.0001250667,0.0001180583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001257357,0.00006645585,0.9954609,0.000001211311,0.0001261164,2.753158e-9,0.001037885,0.0001999493,0.0006176034,0.001568257,0.0004195372,0.0003762911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006264818,0.0001263156,0.9943034,0.00001351681,0.00004252204,0.000007946132,0.0004459237,0.000812188,0.0009348097,0.001079169,0.001468702,0.0001389923],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986462,0.00007289244,0.0005226688,0.0001791024,0.0001638053,0.000135326,0.00008584005,0.000008490589,0.0001856716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993457,0.000004943367,0.0002385001,0.000002313474,0.0002825381,0.000004397701,0.00003217133,0.00001678282,0.00007270312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001157522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5111645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}