{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":26,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":26,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"258d504afb9c","filters":{"venue":"The Internet and Higher Education"}},"results":[{"id":"W2114003275","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001","title":"Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4482,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Blended learning; Context (archaeology); Action learning; Restructuring; Higher education; Experiential learning; Educational technology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Political science","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather Kanuka","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02079733475504457,"gpt":0.3163930519833951,"spread":0.2955957172283505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002392489,0.00008833556,0.00008503395,0.00008542728,0.0001692021,0.0001059387,0.0001296277,0.00006990293,0.000726873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001128867,0.00007178674,0.00002924372,0.0001875114,0.00006663784,0.0003780769,0.00001549061,0.0002597882,0.00005109499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008231344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002483849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000608276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992417,0.0001259022,0.0001550951,0.0001389396,0.0001587614,0.0001796235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997324,0.00002599,0.0000716221,0.00005899462,0.00005888411,0.00005211411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001598669,0.001003133,0.006717892,0.00009172649,0.00006659386,0.000001869683,0.1200394,0.001332749,0.001329103,0.6082554,0.001932232,0.2590699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005827356,0.00009172205,0.09197543,0.0001979776,0.00004026656,0.000002450394,0.01564459,0.00001455862,0.0005270083,0.02008293,0.8705627,0.0002776234],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9090234,0.0006217149,0.00001863788,0.02582975,0.001665255,0.0001943467,3.640473e-7,0.00004479171,0.06260174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.938775,0.0001247057,0.00008492898,0.0002278556,0.0007074897,0.00002411564,0.00001011391,0.000008417832,0.06003734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8686305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.795875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068746655","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.003","title":"The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Community of inquiry; Perspective (graphical); Research methodology; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Data science; Management science; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Terry Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Walter Archer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03092804911395347,"gpt":0.3610150608158352,"spread":0.3300870117018818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000526659,0.00003618917,0.000055721,0.00001089051,0.0004023992,0.00002703966,0.0003060547,0.00004320714,0.00003893932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134272,0.00001762486,0.0000287172,0.0001289316,0.0003506548,0.00004540135,0.00003420783,0.0002756276,0.00000120287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002765925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001029705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001842311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001098055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994403,0.0002301023,0.00009925653,0.00003999007,0.000116519,0.00007384411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993891,0.0002414006,0.0001173519,0.0001696839,0.00006989772,0.00001260316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003877026,0.0002423154,0.07364435,0.000009682174,0.00003113022,2.027254e-8,0.199636,0.00000179811,0.0000606484,0.6508939,0.008838831,0.06660255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003359121,0.000046153,0.7914169,0.00007123263,0.00001509829,1.802285e-7,0.01421992,0.000001837496,0.000188811,0.06094095,0.1330342,0.00003112168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9621457,0.0004030666,0.000007038706,0.02520048,0.0004979634,0.00008730058,4.001306e-7,0.000006465065,0.01165162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958433,0.00008113827,0.00004259704,0.0002479676,0.0002594635,0.000002289063,3.892161e-7,0.00000185885,0.003520989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7177726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.309497,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154913500","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.06.003","title":"Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1051,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Community of inquiry; Construct (python library); Construct validity; Sample (material); Measure (data warehouse); Psychology; Mathematics education; Cognition; Computer science; Psychometrics; Epistemology; Developmental psychology","authors":[{"name":"J. B. Arbaugh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha Cleveland‐Innes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sebastián Díaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Ice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Swan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3203128260819395,"gpt":0.4081418620461053,"spread":0.0878290359641658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009474907,0.00007157123,0.0001375297,0.00004501534,0.0007888532,0.00001104777,0.0003383784,0.00007112797,0.00001852346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007587495,0.00004778292,0.00003781467,0.0003142529,0.001048654,0.00011421,0.0001435313,0.0004774706,2.607831e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000738345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009632339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03518575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001152756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984869,0.0009151543,0.0002464247,0.00005160779,0.0002005701,0.00009930634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985633,0.0007041544,0.0002863482,0.000195745,0.0002285048,0.00002190337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000380557,0.0006327269,0.4744624,0.0001712676,0.00007923703,7.524062e-8,0.451725,0.00008353109,0.001254678,0.04949299,0.00004784301,0.0220121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003339466,0.00007477327,0.9017407,0.001846203,0.00006944533,0.00000771532,0.08012027,0.0001415502,0.001795349,0.01005748,0.00363162,0.0001809814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973276,0.0001526675,0.00117896,0.0004098248,0.0004469857,0.0001196302,0.000002797257,0.000009260351,0.0003523014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847172,0.00001326313,0.01500125,0.00006781837,0.0001414527,0.000003278711,0.000003760617,0.00000430579,0.00004767593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4272782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.971239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979538919","doi":"10.1016/s1096-7516(00)00032-4","title":"Shift happens: online education as a new paradigm in learning","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":826,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Paradigm shift; Context (archaeology); Field (mathematics); Engineering ethics; Sociology; Pedagogy; Engineering; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Linda Harasim","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01935756765058597,"gpt":0.3437952406523009,"spread":0.3244376730017149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002209398,0.0000706131,0.00007435782,0.00005803528,0.0001216274,0.000106812,0.0001330116,0.00005563075,0.003758875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003609057,0.00005715392,0.00002026978,0.0001670741,0.00006098104,0.0001829167,0.00001063738,0.0002228529,0.000198626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005545776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00120431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02063231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004279566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993057,0.0001518018,0.0001321031,0.0001434336,0.0001152714,0.0001517208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997174,0.00005522848,0.00004852377,0.00007885248,0.00001436328,0.00008569282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002704031,0.0002388608,0.01629578,0.000005161173,0.000006928014,2.654249e-7,0.02796529,0.00001281427,0.0000083464,0.112864,0.008579272,0.8339962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007740095,0.00002812934,0.04645771,0.00005888401,0.000008485189,0.000001094672,0.003383414,0.000009128521,0.000004427103,0.01134079,0.9385561,0.00007445137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8497647,0.0009167496,0.000001617412,0.04105206,0.0003807444,0.0001175028,1.675204e-7,0.00003238699,0.1077341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7609229,0.0002414547,0.0001022463,0.0006024093,0.0008980248,0.000007056184,0.00001757874,0.000006056274,0.2372023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9299768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053548378","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.12.003","title":"Student perceptions and achievement in a university blended learning strategic initiative","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":449,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Blended learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Perception; Higher education; Pedagogy; Educational technology","authors":[{"name":"Ron Owston","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dennis N. York","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susan Murtha","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04068342224048037,"gpt":0.3463996702268083,"spread":0.305716247986328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002869727,0.00003948384,0.00004185789,0.00004225589,0.0001684842,0.000036666,0.00005064685,0.00002540343,0.0002350376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004037832,0.00003215833,0.000008310291,0.00007627653,0.00007445428,0.0001674583,0.00002787609,0.0001365728,0.000009174435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006289619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001084062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001062029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001052355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994932,0.0002114752,0.00004933576,0.0000652196,0.00006991836,0.0001107988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998379,0.00004332193,0.00003135172,0.00002789658,0.00001820138,0.00004134301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001548853,0.0003094128,0.6401655,0.000006419274,0.00001831652,2.813557e-7,0.1476814,0.000002590408,0.00005245897,0.1939726,0.0001895589,0.01758593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009305513,0.00002538786,0.7597326,0.00001523369,0.0000131541,2.699113e-7,0.16901,0.000004653142,0.000001541385,0.0005178048,0.07053782,0.0000484788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9690512,0.0001785188,0.000003973892,0.003822596,0.0001416694,0.00007555039,2.343964e-7,0.00001150593,0.02671478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872199,0.0001583833,0.00004982805,0.00005695046,0.0001808566,0.000002045456,0.000003229981,0.000002169502,0.01232666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1934548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2573496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035280915","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.11.001","title":"Creating cognitive presence in a blended faculty development community","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":287,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Community of inquiry; Cognition; Blended learning; Psychology; Face (sociological concept); Face-to-face; Process (computing); Key (lock); Online discussion; Focus (optics); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Educational technology; Sociology; World Wide Web; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Norman Vaughan","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05335511724832803,"gpt":0.3849448194614077,"spread":0.3315897022130797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004938887,0.00004671677,0.00005029212,0.00002999254,0.0002656002,0.00005934997,0.0001123123,0.00002962364,0.0002130739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006679098,0.00003541613,0.000008365112,0.000086799,0.00007954741,0.0001407134,0.00003658399,0.0002113072,0.00002313189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006030757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003024704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004408561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01057107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993702,0.0002557546,0.00009963261,0.0000661169,0.00009609266,0.0001122215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996652,0.000169797,0.00004540647,0.00004430077,0.00004615161,0.00002915931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002305899,0.0002869636,0.04247529,0.0000106243,0.0000146312,1.688176e-7,0.3229689,0.000003073469,0.00003013899,0.01001303,0.001118821,0.6230553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002173102,0.0000212379,0.3563919,0.0001947512,0.00001104219,6.994542e-7,0.07568555,0.0000308462,0.0003472381,0.0008057178,0.5661649,0.0001287578],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9505905,0.0001165311,0.000008143942,0.003686992,0.00009137422,0.0001002029,4.153997e-7,0.00001759465,0.04538824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737065,0.00001256192,0.0005638118,0.0001645654,0.0001942575,0.00001950234,0.00001161099,0.000002832949,0.02532439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6229266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6664456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995003997","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.006","title":"Subject matter effects and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework: An exploratory study","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Discipline; Subject matter; Community of inquiry; Cognition; Subject (documents); Perception; Psychology; Sociology; Epistemology; Engineering ethics; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Social science; Engineering; Curriculum","authors":[{"name":"J. B. Arbaugh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arthur W. Bangert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha Cleveland‐Innes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04053545451733588,"gpt":0.3754842167544173,"spread":0.3349487622370815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001029545,0.00005497554,0.00008940713,0.00002439423,0.0002441124,0.00006712241,0.0001674509,0.00003762865,0.00006720203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003302515,0.00003129818,0.00001395647,0.00007432722,0.0002769826,0.0001420714,0.00002957701,0.000254149,0.000005271548],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001042704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005479656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001479745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000587737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984205,0.001243687,0.00009152696,0.00006656335,0.00009609336,0.000081585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993724,0.0003372086,0.00006336342,0.0001646544,0.00003441794,0.00002801704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001237209,0.0008246528,0.09567483,0.00002207179,0.00003420718,2.120531e-7,0.8109596,4.907495e-7,0.00004511551,0.03388184,0.002265998,0.05616727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003482927,0.0003002048,0.8330116,0.00006348774,0.00005659731,4.85688e-7,0.1361525,0.000002885722,0.00004680712,0.02186893,0.008059983,0.00008819026],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928851,0.0003645962,0.000008633465,0.004041084,0.0003328886,0.0002140153,1.232483e-7,0.00001295073,0.00214063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978033,0.00002709673,0.00003939499,0.0007265587,0.0003363816,0.0000104566,0.000001259942,0.000003437215,0.001052068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7373368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2236942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007852757","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.11.005","title":"Toward the development of a metacognition construct for communities of inquiry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Calgary Laboratory Services; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Metacognition; Construct (python library); Acknowledgement; Psychology; Cognition; Collaborative learning; Mathematics education; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zehra Akyol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2264291866127863,"gpt":0.4462047575799934,"spread":0.2197755709672071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001235061,0.00004922059,0.00008304955,0.0000385252,0.00005018285,0.000005845254,0.0000924478,0.0000272543,0.00023615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001575517,0.00002784023,0.00001915974,0.00004520831,0.0001835661,0.00003038585,0.00001939123,0.00009463068,0.000002895996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008232187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002785049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001371806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003543515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993069,0.0003755351,0.0001697122,0.00003356384,0.0000409533,0.00007332498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993159,0.0003495453,0.0001441224,0.0001018879,0.00008012738,0.000008389356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000933364,0.000160375,0.02081579,0.0000567769,0.0001734128,2.868833e-9,0.716978,8.874323e-8,0.0007970161,0.1382749,0.002179433,0.1204708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003387929,0.0000951086,0.8074359,0.00009535154,0.0001064286,0.000007041189,0.1009544,0.00000271828,0.005481866,0.004127325,0.08124283,0.0001121437],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870716,0.0004979166,0.004154021,0.0003768622,0.001321371,0.0001262564,0.000001297096,0.000007006243,0.00644369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930658,0.000001091379,0.004566513,0.0001168244,0.0001609075,0.00005414542,0.00001414401,0.000005343998,0.002015252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7866201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2585678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970386496","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.001","title":"Institutional change and leadership associated with blended learning innovation: Two case studies","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":214,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Transformational leadership; Blended learning; Institution; Institutional change; Higher education; Collaborative leadership; Sociology; Pedagogy; Political science; Knowledge management; Public relations; Educational technology; Computer science; Public administration; Social science","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Norman Vaughan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2324438413386114,"gpt":0.3942401774423895,"spread":0.1617963361037781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005449793,0.00006419046,0.00006831131,0.00005852325,0.0004117399,0.00005512295,0.00003646791,0.00003324516,0.00007565738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009008849,0.00004373918,0.000006611612,0.0002292815,0.0002540167,0.0003564426,0.00001987803,0.0001583153,0.000004126618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005594373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000132283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000501281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006894416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994136,0.0001472819,0.0000847238,0.00008394002,0.0001126429,0.0001577786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996221,0.000108284,0.00007959161,0.00003483632,0.0001210076,0.00003417203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004149759,0.0002205799,0.2576969,0.00004233814,0.0002037096,0.000009691163,0.1802479,0.000002825557,0.00002511299,0.4376621,0.00210086,0.1217465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009810388,0.0002057053,0.2052949,0.0004893881,0.0002031119,0.0002302102,0.2040863,0.00003637811,0.00006427371,0.002294618,0.5855951,0.0005190535],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842377,0.002444556,0.000005047782,0.009001429,0.0003525782,0.0001091536,3.879647e-7,0.00003544871,0.003813714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823591,0.00004859395,0.00006376144,0.0003560146,0.001027216,0.0000251782,0.00001023344,0.000004647757,0.01610523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5834942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3166812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145880032","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.05.006","title":"Lecture capture in large undergraduate classes: Student perceptions and academic performance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovations in Educational Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Mathematics education; Higher education; Psychology; Computer science; Medical education; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Ron Owston","is_ca":true},{"name":"Denys Lupshenyuk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Herb Wideman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05570871645338606,"gpt":0.4078190518799815,"spread":0.3521103354265955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005822888,0.0000706549,0.0000625598,0.00009217407,0.0002005572,0.00003926571,0.0001603117,0.00008860673,0.0002977896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002933252,0.00005432914,0.000009959557,0.0002410117,0.0001727912,0.0001833641,0.00003373381,0.0002786161,0.00001298522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001005732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001754161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001098141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009230674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993014,0.0001570315,0.0001383952,0.0001350842,0.0001226531,0.0001453885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996753,0.00006498316,0.00005723056,0.00009294852,0.00007698125,0.00003255584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008863628,0.0001419197,0.3764619,0.00001161721,0.00001108805,6.45006e-8,0.1781983,5.01472e-7,0.00004461277,0.4348385,0.003267425,0.007015271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006513733,0.00001227401,0.9324782,0.00003214624,0.00001118736,0.000001593681,0.01356596,0.000006487917,0.00001358707,0.02053255,0.03320431,0.00007657285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9617521,0.000452162,0.00009662926,0.009021652,0.00122679,0.0001831954,9.691128e-7,0.00001755581,0.02724899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847265,0.0003644647,0.0008665518,0.0007852425,0.0003542854,0.00005882584,0.000005167309,0.000006315121,0.01283263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5560163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3260588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W797456421","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.06.002","title":"Analytics of communities of inquiry: Effects of learning technology use on cognitive presence in asynchronous online discussions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchronous communication; Cognition; Task (project management); Cluster analysis; Psychology; Computer science; Psychological intervention; Analytics; Community of inquiry; Mathematics education; Data science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Vitomir Kovanović","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dragan Gašević","is_ca":false},{"name":"Srécko Joksimovíc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marek Hatala","is_ca":true},{"name":"Olusola Adesope","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05780889762964842,"gpt":0.3763445389484247,"spread":0.3185356413187763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000211923,0.00004323093,0.0001153477,0.0001359546,0.00003044752,0.000007170362,0.0001132207,0.00004991271,0.00001168915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003092564,0.00002941162,0.00001348231,0.0002090366,0.0004442304,0.00007495349,0.00004533711,0.0001714162,4.634433e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001935349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001656332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003251977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001979729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994071,0.0002416112,0.0001336053,0.00004719345,0.0001010467,0.00006951145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991485,0.0004941988,0.0001415547,0.00007121974,0.0001252123,0.00001935186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001555289,0.001394748,0.5984556,0.00018704,0.00006852917,6.35261e-7,0.2788579,0.0002379335,0.0002827218,0.04827417,0.0002749547,0.07181024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009624547,0.001542578,0.2415226,0.003225869,0.0001444598,0.000001038048,0.7297496,0.00042343,0.003527558,0.006198052,0.01247338,0.0002290157],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998061,0.0002248697,0.00002202416,0.0008848225,0.0001526608,0.00009731628,0.000001330554,0.000007061714,0.000548906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983481,0.0001145736,0.0001041552,0.00001054883,0.00004779541,0.000003843359,0.000008443601,0.000003297558,0.001359288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4508917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4916039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242818183","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.10.001","title":"Toward the development of a metacognition construct for communities of inquiry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":188,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Calgary Laboratory Services; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Metacognition; Construct (python library); Psychology; Acknowledgement; Cognition; Collaborative learning; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zehra Akyol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1663629665401582,"gpt":0.4258194971525917,"spread":0.2594565306124336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00127945,0.00004935433,0.00009066554,0.00003938642,0.00005204576,0.000007887417,0.0001099418,0.00002675165,0.0001570298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002518868,0.00002806761,0.00001920537,0.00004248551,0.0002022412,0.00001626401,0.00001838635,0.00009313221,0.000002272723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006204837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002761508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001579648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008045397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991964,0.0004859462,0.0001768627,0.00004559683,0.00004112698,0.00005406742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999154,0.0004741088,0.0001514529,0.0001165034,0.00009796048,0.00000601745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001158517,0.0001089043,0.005890552,0.00007423064,0.0001643448,3.821812e-9,0.4757797,3.791174e-7,0.0009491665,0.2478126,0.002251218,0.266853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007852829,0.0003187422,0.6960614,0.0002180566,0.0001588659,0.00000831445,0.08809292,0.00003648296,0.007801857,0.02818863,0.1781264,0.0002031293],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975379,0.0001261451,0.01398042,0.0005934907,0.0009242459,0.000118097,9.218749e-7,0.000008018534,0.008869682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992614,6.826449e-7,0.004980455,0.0001564093,0.0001103079,0.00004628858,0.00001347246,0.000005256083,0.002073131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6901708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1719366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979062150","doi":"10.1016/s1096-7516(01)00045-8","title":"The demand-driven learning model","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Order (exchange); Quality (philosophy); Process (computing); Computer science; Knowledge management; Field (mathematics); Statement (logic); Population; Collaborative learning; Marketing; Business; Sociology; Political science; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Colla J. MacDonald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emma J. Stodel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura G. Farres","is_ca":true},{"name":"Krista Breithaupt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha A. Gabriel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0245920469630944,"gpt":0.3380059457398508,"spread":0.3134138987767564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003143093,0.00004058329,0.00003538427,0.00001343756,0.0005210559,0.0001306732,0.0001349347,0.00002878493,0.0001191037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002317015,0.00002309759,0.00001740967,0.00006409482,0.0001032647,0.00008579375,0.00002206596,0.0001408674,0.00003302699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002169578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001271773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005466178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005418278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995283,0.0001124606,0.00006636539,0.00007312463,0.0000977154,0.0001219959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997429,0.00008913683,0.00004134024,0.00006066088,0.00003545032,0.00003050669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004052745,0.0000822537,0.04036398,0.000004778266,0.00003578839,4.852354e-7,0.03642316,0.0008398459,0.00008884998,0.4330671,0.02553276,0.4635204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003608505,0.00001117648,0.004918707,0.000009890621,0.00001005219,7.724233e-7,0.002976616,0.001978604,0.000004354194,0.005866149,0.9841433,0.00004429791],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8495119,0.0008541343,0.0001786701,0.03253241,0.000511637,0.00009153231,8.058355e-8,0.00004651421,0.1162732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7958794,0.000439661,0.00007584935,0.0001437755,0.0004532921,0.000007021766,0.00000126714,0.000003572678,0.2029962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9586105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4007593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2493379773","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.08.001","title":"Mining for gold: Identifying content-related MOOC discussion threads across domains through linguistic modeling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Computer science; Reliability (semiconductor); Set (abstract data type); Content analysis; Psychology; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Alyssa Friend Wise","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yi Cui","is_ca":true},{"name":"WanQi Jin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jovita Vytasek","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06261479817410774,"gpt":0.3556481158414887,"spread":0.2930333176673809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002542314,0.0001126755,0.0001148197,0.00002945203,0.0001393206,0.0002237276,0.0003519014,0.00005240482,0.000009731704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005772591,0.00005265757,0.00005399467,0.00009397986,0.00004903677,0.000253281,0.0001246014,0.00007969294,0.00001486494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003675791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004077891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001018462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001370414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991523,0.00003585472,0.0002260681,0.0002602157,0.0001131541,0.00021242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993862,0.0001170218,0.0001103323,0.0002485803,0.00009602406,0.00004184006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007972121,0.0003561369,0.007122992,0.0001366657,0.0002137796,0.000002504568,0.0810419,0.0003712325,0.005273408,0.6543135,0.00391013,0.247178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002570819,0.0003441765,0.007486928,0.002572375,0.0001879765,0.00004174233,0.003797125,0.4419433,0.001112562,0.5053717,0.03351817,0.001053188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.680817,0.0005309565,0.2920447,0.02318842,0.002471372,0.0001788828,0.00000282935,0.0001323644,0.0006334822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9572513,0.00002877193,0.00453015,0.0001695058,0.0003200593,0.00001607578,0.000005500138,0.00001207554,0.03766658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.441572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.215741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889975280","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2018.09.001","title":"Examining communities of inquiry in Massive Open Online Courses: The role of study strategies","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Community of inquiry; Psychology; Cognition; Mathematics education; Medical education","authors":[{"name":"Vitomir Kovanović","is_ca":false},{"name":"Srécko Joksimovíc","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oleksandra Poquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thieme Hennis","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. de Vries","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marek Hatala","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shane Dawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"George Siemens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dragan Gašević","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09176073804339863,"gpt":0.4161955075749907,"spread":0.3244347695315921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005347792,0.00004086621,0.00008471129,0.00003458769,0.00009671848,0.00007017987,0.0003842092,0.00002092175,0.0001569078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001258705,0.00002458092,0.000007229732,0.0001019553,0.000457907,0.0001694071,0.0001038874,0.0000936194,0.000001103632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001213361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002697111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02855223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03273076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993369,0.0003242309,0.0001328668,0.00004728562,0.00009172533,0.00006701291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995105,0.0001556654,0.0001175129,0.0001159544,0.0000905449,0.000009825111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003881486,0.0005311694,0.2067265,0.000006193821,0.00002994414,6.180124e-8,0.7168883,0.000004694049,0.0000795053,0.04248399,0.0002726139,0.03293827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000776655,0.0001513041,0.1777048,0.00004783273,0.00001155588,7.316622e-8,0.8058589,0.00001003402,0.00003477252,0.002497699,0.01357838,0.0000270927],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831018,0.0001974533,7.912118e-7,0.0008423858,0.0002156816,0.0001875403,9.865631e-7,0.000003715764,0.01544958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997928,0.00002631343,0.00005317709,0.00003525438,0.0002643208,0.000009414888,0.000003656108,0.000003113024,0.001676782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08897053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9849194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3090933640","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2020.100773","title":"Embedded experts in online collaborative learning: A case study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Affordance; Thematic analysis; Perception; Collaborative learning; Selection (genetic algorithm); Online learning; Qualitative research; Online community; Pedagogy; Psychology; Knowledge management; Computer science; Sociology; Multimedia; World Wide Web; Human–computer interaction","authors":[{"name":"Jennifer Lock","is_ca":true},{"name":"Petrea Redmond","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0816631276608055,"gpt":0.4382951424295066,"spread":0.3566320147687011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004437579,0.0001000531,0.0001268762,0.00005850365,0.00005965567,0.0000368937,0.00008505594,0.00004117373,0.0006705811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006834949,0.00007166839,0.00001236736,0.0003002911,0.00004507033,0.00003795818,0.00003074327,0.0003624233,0.00002289847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002212692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003958367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001493531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008101411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981212,0.001323092,0.0001718108,0.0002149335,0.00005926747,0.0001096767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995638,0.0001498832,0.00008346532,0.0001062649,0.00006061554,0.0000359987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001849487,0.0009296879,0.1080626,0.000006212164,0.0000665597,0.0001184759,0.846993,0.000007144117,0.0001960064,0.002691586,0.009557665,0.03118608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001182281,0.001136845,0.3253314,0.00002967776,0.00003566997,0.0001580516,0.5662253,0.00009922032,0.00002705142,0.0001598235,0.1053627,0.0002518899],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893532,0.0003243494,0.00006064642,0.003223321,0.0005777531,0.0002442286,6.371768e-7,0.00004354482,0.006172348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810516,0.000001110137,0.0002004266,0.001000781,0.0003329118,0.00005235997,0.00000746916,0.00001366529,0.01733972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2807676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7342393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911797354","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2019.02.001","title":"Uncovering the sequential patterns in transformative and non-transformative discourse during collaborative inquiry learning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics education; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Gaoxia Zhu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wanli Xing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vitaliy Popov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01923534904425141,"gpt":0.3633453722731358,"spread":0.3441100232288845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008674847,0.0001527999,0.0001584669,0.00009972677,0.0001434394,0.00008588648,0.0001223372,0.00006355222,0.0003269548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009272199,0.00009393515,0.00002330244,0.0001955018,0.0001510587,0.0002437319,0.00002905077,0.0006572242,0.0000283232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005705581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003996231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006825508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004348188,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985104,0.0007789066,0.0002264349,0.0001910122,0.00009625278,0.000197053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994989,0.0001875203,0.0001182782,0.000123641,0.00004762103,0.00002405729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002460002,0.00007035957,0.1111908,0.0000634673,0.0001018539,9.698182e-7,0.8695948,0.00009670008,0.00119954,0.005302064,0.0001058181,0.01202765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007061007,0.0001338484,0.8882315,0.0001882599,0.00002337051,0.00001130183,0.1067347,0.00004684617,0.000540603,0.0003585237,0.002851619,0.0001733488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869391,0.0002000775,0.0007370651,0.001139346,0.001201882,0.0003764919,0.000002733794,0.00002159451,0.009381667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928328,0.00002029178,0.00003691679,0.0001550767,0.0001834958,0.00006263053,0.0000111301,0.00001607229,0.006681534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7770407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3830564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039455792","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.01.001","title":"Conformity of responses among graduate students in an online environment","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Conformity; Psychology; Social psychology; Phenomenon; Graduate students; Applied psychology; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Tanya Beran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle Drefs","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alyshah Kaba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Noof Al Baz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nouf Al Harbi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1173260211739604,"gpt":0.4033109071019472,"spread":0.2859848859279868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005350116,0.00003554213,0.00005433183,0.00003379216,0.00002623687,0.00002655186,0.0001270202,0.00002394287,0.00005644367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001980171,0.0000258461,0.000008294985,0.0000408119,0.0001235689,0.0001322282,0.00002701936,0.00007123901,0.000004592054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003681496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001195458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004626193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002344565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994268,0.0001635805,0.0001004948,0.00006532986,0.0001743904,0.00006936903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997739,0.00003107027,0.0000571269,0.00006743935,0.00002479953,0.00004564273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006628971,0.0004012463,0.9382136,0.000004062489,0.000006477212,2.572372e-7,0.03120288,0.00000401733,0.00002177374,0.002580858,0.0004541574,0.02704439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000121035,0.0000627288,0.9413853,0.00001613214,0.000006615094,1.12964e-7,0.01162695,0.000007943924,0.00003159439,0.0009604787,0.04574238,0.00003876486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970441,0.0001033137,0.000001069953,0.00131599,0.0001808367,0.00008046175,9.745277e-7,0.00000594955,0.001267246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881468,0.00004600591,0.00006954044,0.00005054342,0.0001294503,0.000003860919,0.000007670137,0.000002445745,0.01154373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04528822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6993451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093256005","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2020.100776","title":"Modeling undergraduates' selection of course modality: A large sample, multi-discipline study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Modalities; Psychology; Competence (human resources); Logistic regression; Modality (human–computer interaction); Sample (material); Mathematics education; Medical education; Computer science; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Sociology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Kevin O’Neill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natália Lopes","is_ca":true},{"name":"John C. Nesbit","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suzanne Reinhardt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kanthi Jayasundera","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06412483080794905,"gpt":0.3886230043959473,"spread":0.3244981735879982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003240085,0.00005773213,0.00008686298,0.00001992746,0.0001437952,0.00004181005,0.00009832368,0.00002915776,0.0001301665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000394593,0.00004387281,0.00002181314,0.0001594517,0.00003497603,0.0001027458,0.00003274256,0.0001128189,0.000004565279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002011892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000193054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004172916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002621499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993415,0.0001477784,0.0001383516,0.0001269834,0.000136054,0.0001093577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997049,0.00004607673,0.00005917997,0.00005291559,0.00008698455,0.00004995353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002211198,0.004962175,0.4866547,0.00009943168,0.0003113904,5.390526e-7,0.3417957,0.002156101,0.0004316813,0.1151283,0.00224555,0.0459932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002829097,0.001054581,0.1440694,0.0001588012,0.0006509455,0.00000112711,0.311131,0.4472408,0.0001812514,0.01832036,0.07355599,0.0008066044],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776385,0.0001075373,0.002894976,0.01855105,0.0001981761,0.0002064263,0.000002362404,0.00003527779,0.0003657101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997247,0.00001813268,0.000523616,0.0001532621,0.0003938467,0.000009372667,0.000007941233,0.00000628298,0.001640548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4450848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6308228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323349535","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2023.100903","title":"The benefit of reflection prompts for encouraging learning with hints in an online programming course","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Canada Research Chairs","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Perception; Computer science; Mathematics education; Intervention (counseling); Transfer of learning; Online learning; Psychology; Online course; Field (mathematics); Multimedia; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Heeryung Choi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jelena Jovanović","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oleksandra Poquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Brooks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Srécko Joksimovíc","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Jay Williams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09418088204102729,"gpt":0.4507924565381583,"spread":0.356611574497131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001353635,0.00006934453,0.00007941155,0.00007446363,0.0001301444,0.00003758959,0.00009546244,0.00003429671,0.00001713037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002913049,0.00003995722,0.00001261071,0.0002395841,0.0000635993,0.00004923369,0.0000123359,0.0002459658,0.00000229226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002798864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004436045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001683965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999248,0.000254575,0.0001466222,0.0001418792,0.00006402744,0.0001448654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994334,0.0002178878,0.0001324515,0.0001146939,0.00008820405,0.0000133513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000311947,0.000247779,0.1479214,0.0000279343,0.00005359651,3.300711e-7,0.04577849,0.00008363141,0.0007796288,0.01694115,0.0005095205,0.7873446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002868951,0.0004384178,0.9525514,0.0001121671,0.00002195286,0.000004783315,0.007775647,0.0003593963,0.00007550529,0.001387722,0.03690054,0.00008555732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967885,0.0001133787,0.0002919436,0.001334623,0.0005676157,0.0002429688,4.325483e-7,0.00005127803,0.0006092822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780929,0.000002955402,0.0008485922,0.00003406337,0.0001828202,0.0001046709,0.00002956469,0.00001537289,0.02068905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.80463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1629408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281921935","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100870","title":"Pseudonymous academics: Authentic tales from the Twitter trenches","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Everyday life; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Data science; Sociology; Computer science; Engineering ethics; World Wide Web; Epistemology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"David E. Williams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Spencer P. Greenhalgh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05298844328210086,"gpt":0.3266712839923149,"spread":0.273682840710214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032449,0.00004873418,0.00004263118,0.00001960771,0.0004267563,0.0001282275,0.0002577326,0.00002425565,0.004196739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002080768,0.00002859482,0.00002142431,0.00008251387,0.000125881,0.0001268283,0.00005695293,0.0001525779,0.00005843483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005083048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009858069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00428228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001493753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994047,0.0001415383,0.0001019485,0.00006656172,0.0001836573,0.0001016013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996594,0.0001197805,0.00006933751,0.00009955791,0.0000154879,0.00003643017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001246714,0.00003804899,0.002346557,0.00000176728,0.00001862231,6.432083e-8,0.5844548,0.000001326914,0.00003367923,0.05307974,0.3420466,0.01796636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006686397,0.00001291002,0.06140308,0.000006612106,0.00001844262,0.000001111768,0.05392295,0.0000231527,0.00001947699,0.009196451,0.8752662,0.00006271387],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363202,0.0005992214,0.000004699603,0.03497066,0.001071831,0.0001126142,0.000004520311,0.00002356436,0.02689268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9224507,0.00004390764,0.000007056764,0.004817369,0.0004303422,0.00001188627,0.00001406421,0.00000329302,0.07222141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5332196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991550801","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.05.002","title":"Unconventional sources as a new convention: The shifting paradigm of undergraduate writing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; The Internet; Convention; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics education; World Wide Web; Sociology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Pavlina Radia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul Stapleton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02320926039171771,"gpt":0.3396312956421788,"spread":0.3164220352504611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004403237,0.00005689458,0.00005936511,0.00003096352,0.0002825472,0.0001572821,0.0001609934,0.00003395012,0.0004222548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005317518,0.0000389038,0.0000327532,0.000205146,0.0001461407,0.0001516237,0.000009881529,0.00007323797,0.00002200443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003785325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005642502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001760644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002517919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992864,0.0001430013,0.0001823481,0.00009771098,0.0001934251,0.00009717312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995071,0.0001028301,0.0001587423,0.00009444229,0.00008276961,0.00005408377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007661136,0.00004556497,0.001616111,0.000002589531,0.000009082844,2.143729e-8,0.01241381,0.000001369889,0.0000198664,0.9585519,0.01204144,0.0152906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001591969,0.00005137265,0.05451182,0.00007943967,0.00003751915,0.000002041169,0.01317766,0.00001481329,0.0001530344,0.5370029,0.3947098,0.0001003825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.580452,0.001286757,0.0001033423,0.3416376,0.001464498,0.0002443631,5.312162e-7,0.00003377193,0.07477714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9440231,0.00005742723,0.00004838407,0.001414141,0.0008914697,0.000007920214,0.000006355599,0.000002968055,0.05354825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.421549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4623394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414030788","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101052","title":"Exploring undergraduate students' perceptions of AI vs. human scoring and feedback","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"Concordia University of Edmonton","keywords":"Perception; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Medical education; Medicine; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Mackenzie L. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seyma N. Yildirim‐Erbasli","is_ca":true},{"name":"S Hariharan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06095028768975785,"gpt":0.3483979434367106,"spread":0.2874476557469527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001519925,0.00007513906,0.00008461572,0.0001026742,0.0001210956,0.00020532,0.0003929021,0.00001775377,0.00001670218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005934921,0.00006111444,0.00001863533,0.0001859514,0.00008256219,0.000462584,0.000235198,0.00009605828,0.00001109587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003340421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003626514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007683007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007247036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993983,0.0000394726,0.0001664677,0.0001835336,0.000102997,0.0001092334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995703,0.00004458137,0.00004569647,0.0002433152,0.00006703739,0.00002907298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006865025,0.000131436,0.04852826,0.00004764598,0.00003132183,3.085707e-7,0.0069426,0.00001046588,0.00270043,0.9209948,0.001301824,0.01930411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001395272,0.0001139171,0.8513477,0.0003884516,0.00003915802,0.000004556901,0.002483072,0.0004812495,0.0158943,0.1247191,0.004176652,0.0002122983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843957,0.0001615457,0.00627211,0.006324736,0.0006696763,0.0001113415,1.617708e-7,0.00003244715,0.002032244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906764,0.00007684196,0.0002616197,0.000272739,0.00005683418,0.00003346445,7.588175e-7,0.000003802307,0.008617561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8028194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2492175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969782574","doi":"10.1016/s1096-7516(02)00067-2","title":"Concurrent development and cost–benefit analysis of paper-based and digitized instructional material","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Accounting Education and Careers","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Measure (data warehouse); Mathematics education; Instructional design; Instructional development; Accounting; Process management; Psychology; Multimedia; Business; Data mining","authors":[{"name":"David Annand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0217520279207923,"gpt":0.2357462991108077,"spread":0.2139942711900154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008056439,0.00008302518,0.000111666,0.0001588915,0.00006172444,0.0001974288,0.00005753707,0.00002674675,0.001250308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006314096,0.00006294459,0.00001960897,0.000175497,0.00007607495,0.0002193714,0.00003324784,0.0000345546,0.000006203898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001561759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001439929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002511572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005038933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995319,0.00000429692,0.0001627444,0.0001283688,0.0001000134,0.00007262472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996952,0.00002000207,0.0001253201,0.00006722829,0.00008168889,0.00001051982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008505502,0.0004632186,0.2404015,0.0003409815,0.0007079702,2.663576e-7,0.002023598,0.00001532369,0.0004423121,0.1571979,0.02535159,0.5729703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003732463,0.000005421366,0.6631269,0.00003894771,0.0003316701,9.498129e-7,0.0003121485,0.0008048283,0.0001031992,0.0004388556,0.3343085,0.0001553484],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994434,0.0001969522,0.00001077607,0.001503657,0.0007204018,0.00009509618,0.000002260686,0.00001870222,0.003018162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968648,0.00001050098,0.00004474216,0.00101447,0.0002510004,0.00002401458,0.00006746998,0.000005751911,0.001717228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5728149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412432324","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101037","title":"Feasibility study of an internet-based virtual cultural exchange programme: Asian, North American and European university students","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Humber Polytechnic","funders":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University; University Grants Committee","keywords":"Cultural exchange; The Internet; Political science; Library science; Media studies; Medical education; Sociology; Computer science; Medicine; World Wide Web; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"K.Y. Cheung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nok Hang Leung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Virginia Pulcini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonella Giacosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nesrine Triki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca C. Fitzgerald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rebecca Trautwein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bin Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yee Na Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hilda Tsang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ka Yee Lui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wilson Yeung Yuk Kwok","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04027192193377709,"gpt":0.3586688915842986,"spread":0.3183969696505215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003539098,0.00007918056,0.00009860134,0.0000576751,0.0001230553,0.00009649296,0.0003336041,0.00001496177,0.0000305479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001268572,0.00006065192,0.00002046709,0.0001467366,0.0002646098,0.0001250279,0.0001050965,0.00007511738,0.000002125011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008973135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004042296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01883266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04210368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999011,0.0003861549,0.0001123273,0.0001826395,0.0002020177,0.0001058519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999604,0.00003593368,0.00009439983,0.00009447474,0.0001219466,0.00004927861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001919947,0.001822711,0.738786,0.00001196315,0.00007692182,0.000001265053,0.2030013,3.198846e-7,0.00000293516,0.002885235,0.000473052,0.05274626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003810444,0.0002861631,0.8242481,0.00001319996,0.00003198663,7.931575e-8,0.1683602,0.000003346533,0.000005631764,0.00002749919,0.006584913,0.00005781621],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992839,0.00006212513,0.000002937267,0.001055018,0.0003327144,0.0003483577,0.000001840369,0.00002271137,0.005335244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896057,0.00002817364,0.000009320344,0.00006422612,0.0001075389,0.000003081554,0.00001057597,0.000003546021,0.01016789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08546207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.987701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411315417","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101032","title":"Temporal structuring in asynchronous discussions: Designing for collaborative learning in online university courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Structuring; Asynchronous communication; Computer science; Asynchronous learning; Mathematics education; Collaborative learning; Multimedia; Psychology; Synchronous learning; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Arita L. Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip H. Winne","is_ca":true},{"name":"John C. Nesbit","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0334671996905361,"gpt":0.3813138604922452,"spread":0.3478466608017092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005743984,0.00007617135,0.0001084028,0.0001986073,0.00008598495,0.00002139338,0.00009110902,0.00005282284,0.00006562934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005516575,0.00005733737,0.00001275489,0.0002962536,0.00005720464,0.00005089108,0.00002493855,0.0003054711,0.000001107669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001015569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000103728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001007079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002398348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989418,0.000629492,0.0001233949,0.000159822,0.00002909845,0.0001163539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994961,0.0003051583,0.00007286949,0.00007212891,0.00004270473,0.00001104555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005552287,0.0003496893,0.668597,0.00004591806,0.00007324562,0.000002584537,0.0543287,0.0002123249,0.0005617811,0.1351779,0.002512665,0.137583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005599069,0.00007247979,0.9358144,0.0001998216,0.00001346831,8.116141e-7,0.02666558,0.00008636453,0.00005835727,0.00197547,0.03446056,0.0000928013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885913,0.0003647514,0.003614787,0.002161146,0.0007150806,0.0002210121,0.000002010718,0.00002512192,0.004304831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9642637,0.000003735463,0.002623296,0.00008947427,0.00006600795,0.00001080402,0.00002029694,0.000006109488,0.03291654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2672174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.233815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}