{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"019ea288c45c","filters":{"venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management"}},"results":[{"id":"W2900918798","doi":"10.5276/jswtm.2018.232","title":"Wasting Indigenous Communities: A Case Study with Garden Hill and Wasagamack First Nations in Northern Manitoba, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Indigenous Studies and Ecology","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wasting; Indigenous; Geography; Mass wasting; Socioeconomics; Archaeology; Environmental protection; Sociology; Engineering; Ecology; Medicine; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ahmed Oyegunle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shirley Thompson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0225668818770238,"gpt":0.2938843845603615,"spread":0.2713175026833377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001148208,0.0001315431,0.0002789603,0.0004137139,0.005114783,0.000004869851,0.0002287994,0.00007919865,0.000008702704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002871783,0.00008424374,0.000009470357,0.0002965958,0.0002432964,0.00004019831,0.0005076003,0.0005936605,0.00000191735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002816069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001546234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2555098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9994912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998632,0.0002110362,0.0004601354,0.00008376312,0.0001154729,0.0004976482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988519,0.0003094118,0.0003588961,0.0002124527,0.0002273601,0.00003999161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002229726,0.0002660652,0.6905723,0.0003922445,0.0007587878,0.003127635,0.30137,0.0001972924,0.00000102783,0.0002659756,0.0005173993,0.002308275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00128524,0.001071505,0.005388308,0.0001957964,0.000128821,0.001274846,0.9883543,0.00004356549,0.000001103747,0.00008553502,0.002075573,0.00009543069],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955319,0.0003335804,0.00003048602,0.001519302,0.0001538304,0.001359832,0.000004326075,0.00001408719,0.001052656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985579,0.0008618428,0.00006693635,0.0002430833,0.0000723043,0.00006963551,3.271352e-7,0.00001314748,0.0001147772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7439814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901954229","doi":"10.5276/jswtm.2018.248","title":"Biogas Generation Potential of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Municipal Solid Wastes and Livestock Manures","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Waste management; Municipal solid waste; Environmental science; Livestock; Animal waste; Methane; Chemistry; Engineering; Forestry; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Fabíole Jordana Los Barbosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandre R. Cabral","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marlon André Capanema","is_ca":true},{"name":"Waldir Nagel Schirmer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01005339486241529,"gpt":0.2371839912771255,"spread":0.2271305964147102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003072294,0.00009683872,0.000174384,0.0004144748,0.00007455679,0.000005843887,0.0001253036,0.00008532057,0.000007409098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008193662,0.00007104009,0.00002599498,0.0001706175,0.0003748197,0.0001006095,0.00005930635,0.0001131722,0.000001057141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001259623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003818863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003562015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006637144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993659,0.00002633582,0.0003229527,0.00007124749,0.0001030135,0.0001105216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995447,0.000006551497,0.0001978908,0.0001417602,0.00008612924,0.00002299131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004804438,0.0002870668,0.0007088975,0.0003396496,0.001390872,0.0000210227,0.002158908,0.03479211,0.7415378,0.1664766,0.006437258,0.04536933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002368577,0.003654603,0.006667676,0.0004911328,0.0009099175,0.0006467379,0.009442599,0.01158005,0.9531712,0.006114118,0.004537336,0.000416074],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938754,0.0009537321,0.004198516,0.0004265801,0.0002259714,0.0001324012,0.000002286249,0.00002927763,0.0001558728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942139,0.00441074,0.001156432,0.0000118227,0.0001162277,0.000001360832,0.000001501321,0.000007706514,0.00008027398],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2116334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2896931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110995818","doi":"10.5276/jswtm.2013.292","title":"Influence of Normal Stress on Hydration of GCLS from Subsoil","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Subsoil; Stress (linguistics); Environmental science; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Hamid Sarabadani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad T. Rayhani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003822466324178172,"gpt":0.2004914099529506,"spread":0.1966689436287725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002823342,0.00008119067,0.0001676184,0.00008392619,0.00005736191,0.000001799116,0.0002490422,0.00004198974,0.00002530453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001700727,0.00004980768,0.00002255736,0.0001139517,0.000438344,0.0001050425,0.0003003151,0.0001026753,0.000006733659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000255514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.40515e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002892528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009465944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993225,0.00003530333,0.000268755,0.00006732687,0.000199755,0.0001063904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999397,0.0000439711,0.0003522226,0.0001807328,0.000005293533,0.00002072238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009625535,0.0009195026,0.2478649,0.0001733493,0.0009133171,0.00002457752,0.003445783,0.4556875,0.2317658,0.004357792,0.001256625,0.05262831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001520531,0.00150876,0.410974,0.0002472948,0.0002677239,0.00001818371,0.00169913,0.0006677525,0.5719446,0.01058653,0.0003806181,0.0001848716],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972755,0.00005929937,0.0002712485,0.0004312412,0.00002211493,0.0000855336,0.00000477321,0.000004674899,0.001845573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990343,0.0006337199,0.0001940229,0.000075659,0.000009260465,0.000001278725,3.043983e-7,0.000003934741,0.00004746141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4550197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2031098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225160370","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.90","title":"Remediation of Waste Drilling Mud Using Surfactantenhanced Washing: Influencing Factors and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Removal","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Hydrocarbon; Petroleum; Total petroleum hydrocarbon; Drilling fluid; Pulmonary surfactant; Drilling; Waste management; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Geology; Materials science; Contamination; Engineering; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Hesam Hassan Nejad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007550429462289954,"gpt":0.1978315612594098,"spread":0.1902811317971198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005742036,0.0001411627,0.0002584565,0.0005316788,0.0001483476,0.000008669537,0.0001818023,0.00005151567,0.000001499677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001477076,0.0001136193,0.0000366538,0.0002990417,0.00005582238,0.0001033503,0.0001601263,0.0003721084,6.843652e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007217489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005733758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003806703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001133674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990964,0.00002534807,0.0003945623,0.00008403749,0.0001997599,0.0001999107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995576,0.00004174223,0.0002019118,0.0001419444,0.00002472736,0.000032085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002117851,0.000007228664,0.0002962441,0.0001255327,0.0001533255,0.00001393172,0.0006299345,0.925385,0.07215848,0.0002214877,0.000007817076,0.0009798317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008108073,0.0002195176,0.0001539875,0.0003137959,0.0002879163,0.0002928919,0.01614226,0.8801077,0.09999292,0.001076703,0.0003329404,0.0002685794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830487,0.001719264,0.0146101,0.00004501604,0.0003174264,0.00008390375,0.000001636207,0.0000630408,0.0001109374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976217,0.001428714,0.0008732046,0.000006898866,0.00003238109,0.000001170573,4.484136e-7,0.00002226622,0.0000132298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04527733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4633262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3039812688","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2019.441","title":"Carbon Footprint of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Guelph City, Ontario","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Municipal solid waste; Carbon footprint; Waste management; Environmental science; Carbon dioxide equivalent; Life-cycle assessment; Environmental engineering; Ton; Waste treatment; Carbon dioxide; Landfill gas; Engineering; Production (economics)","authors":[{"name":"Riham Abdel Mohsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bassim Abbassi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Animesh Dutta","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Gordon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01118472291916949,"gpt":0.2366411933223174,"spread":0.2254564704031479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00162713,0.0003225902,0.0005863269,0.0007528238,0.00008349701,0.00001608955,0.001456212,0.0001430191,0.000186302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007193532,0.000246384,0.0001072722,0.0007663463,0.0004257056,0.00009738516,0.003554713,0.0006013068,0.00002321104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004202366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008836199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001828561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007015081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973405,0.0001145197,0.0009987088,0.0003308835,0.0006247647,0.0005906016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982136,0.00003814043,0.000679603,0.000961053,0.00002102305,0.00008653023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002426076,0.002699871,0.1100743,0.001445687,0.003932089,0.00106771,0.01560083,0.710685,0.004316051,0.06627691,0.00109823,0.08037729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04792486,0.01236622,0.2310255,0.006310268,0.006207854,0.001158288,0.2662613,0.08254459,0.04570243,0.1773847,0.1163974,0.006716596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9527309,0.0001986763,0.0001004561,0.0007820194,0.0002733149,0.0009613229,9.698166e-7,0.00001973106,0.04493262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941387,0.001076691,0.0007239765,0.0001079227,0.00001970891,0.00001865749,5.253239e-7,0.00002442508,0.00388939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6281404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415455570","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/514-1/2025.765","title":"Integrating Waste Legislation and Circular Economy Strategies in Climate Policy: International Lessons and Georgia's Experience","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","topic":"Healthcare, Law, Governance, and Management Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislation; Circular economy; Enforcement; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Climate change mitigation; Face (sociological concept); Best practice; Public policy","authors":[{"name":"Nino Chikhradze","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mariam Elizbarashvili","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natela Dzebisashvili","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manana Khachidze","is_ca":false},{"name":"Magda Tsintsadze","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Dvalashvili","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zurab Rikadze","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02359406209117303,"gpt":0.3881931729429596,"spread":0.3645991108517866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009354976,0.0001297162,0.0002581535,0.0006450218,0.0005075962,0.0000212124,0.0002071957,0.00009669706,0.000002974517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006367808,0.00009510983,0.00001780288,0.0002727236,0.0002709007,0.000289701,0.0005734911,0.0003605697,5.392472e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001157439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000719544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009346051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002970097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988222,0.0001000059,0.0005333674,0.0001546217,0.00009059392,0.0002992401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991777,0.000101273,0.0004725157,0.0001449881,0.00007378669,0.00002972913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103352,0.00003475406,0.02012864,0.0007271576,0.0002141452,0.00002156722,0.009200879,0.00007703705,0.00008547548,0.9311579,0.000518563,0.03773046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003855825,0.0002303674,0.0389913,0.003001418,0.0001836441,0.00003345375,0.6757802,0.001713672,0.0001093957,0.1826824,0.09307135,0.0003469125],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9023374,0.002770431,0.006097605,0.06199816,0.0004462554,0.0007203557,0.000006072145,0.00003868502,0.02558509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756628,0.02265059,0.0002828977,0.0008471554,0.00006737858,0.0000393769,5.849295e-7,0.000006095554,0.0004430685],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7484756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3904071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}