{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":17,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":17,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"067cf1baa351","filters":{"venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society"}},"results":[{"id":"W1828921336","doi":"10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[519:grasop]2.0.co;2","title":"Genetic Relationships among species of Populus (Salicaceae) based on nuclear genomic data<sup>1</sup>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Introgression; Phylogenetic tree; Nuclear gene; Salicaceae; Monophyly; Nuclear DNA; Taxon; Genetic diversity; Evolutionary biology; Chloroplast DNA; Botany; Hybrid; Genus; Clade; Woody plant; Genetics; Mitochondrial DNA; Gene; Population","authors":[{"name":"Mona Hamzeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Périnet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Selvadurai Dayanandan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02261635627361207,"gpt":0.2189365721268674,"spread":0.1963202158532553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002140175,0.0001677716,0.0001022191,0.0009699349,0.0002923587,0.0002131158,0.0001531023,0.0001866392,0.0008355312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005669935,0.00007648407,0.0001504601,0.000639316,0.0001975508,0.0001634192,0.0002117787,0.0001390766,0.0002223366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001588877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009109823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001109124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001954667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998502,0.00003410374,0.00001557654,0.0000522379,0.0000315853,0.00001631161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.0001782548,0.0001739473,0.00002824617,0.00005442063,0.00004912923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003840332,0.00009548126,0.4420242,0.0001097193,0.0001346042,0.0003247462,0.001471555,0.0006535095,0.5370454,0.0003930323,0.00008804724,0.01727557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000090908,0.000148647,0.9906845,0.000011899,0.00005227749,0.0004777223,0.000427926,0.001302246,0.005656481,0.0002423614,0.0009775903,0.000009260257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989799,0.00005510969,0.0003728236,0.000007432822,9.419811e-7,0.000006499849,0.0002032015,0.000006533471,0.0003675326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967279,0.00005616403,0.001837868,0.00001490325,0.000003074524,0.00001179951,0.001218841,0.000004534328,0.000124712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001109124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00279516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1820296897","doi":"10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[90:ecocca]2.0.co;2","title":"Environmental correlates of canopy composition at Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada<sup>1</sup>","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Forest ecology and management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Canopy; Dominance (genetics); Tsuga; Ecology; Fagaceae; Geography; Growing season; Tilia; Forestry; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ken Arii","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benoı̂t Hamel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin J. Lechowicz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003403183346857971,"gpt":0.1736696562059628,"spread":0.1702664728591048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002699088,0.0002400956,0.0002317872,0.0006867527,0.002149285,0.0007743145,0.0007125445,0.0002338969,0.006356835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004396484,0.0001663586,0.000186024,0.00127651,0.0005232422,0.0002671945,0.0003661369,0.000279846,0.0006258374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01477896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006789993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9917535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9984306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999716,0.00002675362,0.000008735502,0.00007479917,0.00007544638,0.00009832991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989731,0.0000656243,0.0001432499,0.0000313705,0.000608026,0.0001785944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001106176,0.00006420493,0.9610677,0.00005877667,0.00009316674,0.0002138887,0.001139776,0.0005168678,0.003455508,0.0002461936,0.009558729,0.02347456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003409653,0.000003658254,0.9978544,0.00001097788,0.000004921508,0.00002099514,0.0002701377,0.0002032848,0.00008147286,0.000008538937,0.001534618,0.000003491297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819129,0.001045482,0.0003963808,0.0003875747,0.00002026465,0.00004623503,0.008836447,0.00005311782,0.007301641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902069,0.0003166202,0.0005080509,0.00009061223,0.000008611974,0.00002405908,0.003550489,0.0000180777,0.005276561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01477896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1072294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1890002082","doi":"10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[312:ioafie]2.0.co;2","title":"Influence of annual fluctuations in environmental conditions on chasmogamous flower production in Viola striata<sup>1</sup>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Biochemical and Structural Characterization","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Quadrat; Perennial plant; Inflorescence; Population; Temperate climate; Pollinator; Botany; Horticulture; Pollination; Pollen; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Aurea C. Cortés‐Palomec","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harvey E. Ballard","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003373010182483322,"gpt":0.206234743640416,"spread":0.2028617334579327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002613468,0.0001246099,0.0001781919,0.0003363882,0.0002665038,0.0003937522,0.0002357102,0.0001570018,0.0008542736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004921331,0.0001818322,0.0001498921,0.0001820836,0.000263688,0.0001605415,0.0004045576,0.0002234078,0.000118956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000279154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009728762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003077351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007880325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998773,0.00003767612,0.0000100831,0.00003515942,0.00001768583,0.00002208965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992979,0.0002829849,0.0001967106,0.00003297711,0.00005091176,0.0001385983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005008524,0.0002126041,0.8346846,0.00003543506,0.00009094444,0.0003461195,0.0004502559,0.0003906415,0.1539299,0.00003891992,0.0001075065,0.009212266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002403906,0.00006672338,0.9989496,8.049988e-7,0.000004445522,0.00005364684,0.00007058903,0.0002692869,0.0005144537,0.000008128432,0.00005770123,0.000002130949],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998264,0.00002372326,0.00002305533,0.000003586756,4.392006e-7,0.000001208439,0.00004180634,0.000001305357,0.00007857296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997571,0.00001536769,0.0000461137,0.000006016806,0.000001055459,0.000002527961,0.0001039658,0.000001622097,0.00006629666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003077351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006118894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2331988301","doi":"10.2307/4126958","title":"Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Margaret B. Garguillo","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. A. Gleason","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arthur Cronquist","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009202080415718069,"gpt":0.1861920100432792,"spread":0.1769899296275611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003046691,0.0003321651,0.0002531769,0.007073802,0.004765669,0.0009946044,0.001116783,0.0002662409,0.004541716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009296134,0.0002289555,0.0001744858,0.01008635,0.0007669678,0.0002705318,0.0005889441,0.0003282993,0.0008949089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01415175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01566557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9886209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9978009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995881,0.00003130189,0.00002162589,0.00006642695,0.0002004243,0.00009221914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979646,0.0002384932,0.0001736287,0.000106883,0.001260528,0.0002558395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003816686,0.000102277,0.3972564,0.0008686322,0.0001011964,0.001972969,0.03004424,0.001155251,0.01526467,0.004665334,0.170092,0.3780953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004069498,0.00001533462,0.7995952,0.00009701247,0.0000161788,0.0003159662,0.004639761,0.0001952503,0.0006738414,0.0001224032,0.1943065,0.00001847008],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.6708837,0.01166166,0.002486362,0.001165399,0.0003186186,0.0004779193,0.1053581,0.0008141908,0.2068341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7815582,0.01024761,0.01037994,0.0007993886,0.00006304394,0.0002939342,0.0414584,0.0002462773,0.1549532],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01415175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1026787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1937317435","doi":"10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[602:dehtcs]2.0.co;2","title":"Disjunct eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) stands at its southern range boundary<sup>1</sup>","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tsuga; Disjunct; Range (aeronautics); Geography; Ecology; Habitat; Population; Western Hemlock; Geology; Forestry; Biology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Justin L. Hart","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Shankman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01018474813856241,"gpt":0.2200754092816108,"spread":0.2098906611430484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000206052,0.0001967956,0.0001538409,0.0005112048,0.0007067008,0.000313481,0.0002689543,0.00008591967,0.002137017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001606896,0.0001065355,0.00008843429,0.0002908916,0.0003434784,0.000239033,0.000365253,0.0001731447,0.0003643401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005473926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002448637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03708312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1623586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998788,0.00001482987,0.000006886068,0.00005582523,0.00002355252,0.00002000974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998006,0.00003593903,0.00005251607,0.00001489609,0.00004588644,0.00005013973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000341605,0.0002542541,0.8180756,0.0001388757,0.0001467205,0.0007848691,0.001592766,0.0005376515,0.06696083,0.001241326,0.004063478,0.105862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001685855,0.00006900158,0.9890283,0.00001849863,0.00006491774,0.0005893432,0.000811615,0.0006770341,0.001494694,0.0002665676,0.006953966,0.000009168863],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885792,0.0005198157,0.0003358667,0.00006389841,0.00002100278,0.0000167593,0.0003103666,0.00003461777,0.01011855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977328,0.000160342,0.0004061328,0.00004639038,0.00001195936,0.000008611411,0.0006485896,0.00000555985,0.0009795822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03708312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07373452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2729350570","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-16-00041","title":"Lichens and allied fungi of Salmonier Nature Park, Newfoundland","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Lichen; Geography; Endangered species; Species richness; Biota; Wildlife; Biodiversity; Ecology; Floristics; National park; Peninsula; Critically endangered; Habitat; Biology; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"R. Troy McMullin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yolanda F. Wiersma","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01239291650524293,"gpt":0.2321007140264025,"spread":0.2197077975211596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002259457,0.0001735723,0.0002035607,0.001320265,0.001493639,0.0007120852,0.0002745667,0.0001377731,0.00127574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003991071,0.0001584967,0.0001380379,0.001288848,0.0004880322,0.0003405092,0.0006907044,0.0002425282,0.0001620864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003294493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002863223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8527239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.982418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999737,0.00001921441,0.00001581083,0.00004641703,0.00005433697,0.0001271883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992511,0.00004183799,0.0002341615,0.00003186642,0.0002269116,0.000214076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002597119,0.00001929621,0.9916016,0.00002649024,0.00002203654,0.0001507376,0.001071396,0.00002712258,0.001105536,0.00002307758,0.0003700271,0.005556638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.064743e-7,0.000008110196,0.9987437,0.000005721171,0.000003089194,0.00005569919,0.000772689,0.000009668718,0.00002943938,0.000002130177,0.0003681392,0.000001154034],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980593,0.0002635385,0.00003024645,0.00003169598,0.000001636608,0.000007401608,0.0006821299,0.000002422162,0.0009216121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997477,0.0003097653,0.0001951151,0.00005351205,0.000002642759,0.00000936483,0.000739456,0.000002499688,0.001210553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1472761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2962868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114945374","doi":"10.3159/09-ra-069r1.1","title":"Nurse tree canopy shape, the subcanopy distribution of cacti, and facilitation in the Sonoran Desert","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Canopy; Facilitation; Microclimate; Ecology; Cactus; Tree canopy; Biology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Taly Dawn Drezner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02209261987391103,"gpt":0.2233027674618912,"spread":0.2012101475879802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000142454,0.00009754345,0.000151991,0.0003641121,0.0003043227,0.0003459367,0.0001522644,0.0001156838,0.0009729938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003832443,0.00006210845,0.00008380466,0.0002767879,0.0003215653,0.0001309234,0.000211259,0.0001094587,0.0001014493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003109877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002378082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01855626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06826923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999282,0.00001275393,0.000004993688,0.00002391671,0.00001264234,0.00001739524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996555,0.00006495439,0.0001069788,0.00001259237,0.00003135103,0.0001285967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008478442,0.00002620374,0.9946243,0.00001005162,0.00001483464,0.0001186611,0.0006619199,0.00004334232,0.001904077,0.00003078212,0.00005859514,0.002422343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.034327e-7,0.000009794687,0.9995424,9.518769e-7,0.000001674517,0.00003068836,0.0003049401,0.00003478942,0.00002004141,0.000005841985,0.00004750563,6.231813e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997727,0.00002897448,0.000004735921,0.000003164615,6.995383e-7,3.817892e-7,0.00001426959,2.888767e-7,0.000174868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998042,0.00002147526,0.00002202848,0.000003145703,0.000001790415,0.00000104639,0.0000371818,4.743698e-7,0.0001087291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01855626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03689653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973737037","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-11-00032.1","title":"The relative photosynthetic contribution of old and new fronds of the wintergreen fern Dryopteris carthusiana, Ontario, Canada<sup>1</sup>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Fern and Epiphyte Biology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Understory; Fern; Frond; Deciduous; Dryopteris; Canopy; Temperate deciduous forest; Boreal; Tsuga; Biology; Botany; Taiga; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"David Goldblum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew C. Kwit","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0105288220178591,"gpt":0.1882532789368471,"spread":0.177724456918988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001723476,0.0003448809,0.0001546894,0.0002461253,0.0007055797,0.0006001564,0.0006244387,0.000282139,0.0008692225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003649343,0.0002048951,0.0003005894,0.000257039,0.0003017014,0.0002442028,0.0002499962,0.0001971931,0.0001120002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01054223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005684549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.939548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9722208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999292,0.000005788163,0.000002615718,0.00002099058,0.00001190962,0.00002947947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998755,0.00003242048,0.0000195626,0.000003911203,0.00002995161,0.00003864319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002952864,0.0001089704,0.6350822,0.0001393626,0.0001724627,0.0002748365,0.0006163154,0.332085,0.01093314,0.0009999967,0.0020972,0.01719521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000053603,0.00007627165,0.6279875,0.00002573949,0.0001033758,0.0001179346,0.001021219,0.3655261,0.001176454,0.0003848298,0.003482189,0.00004471008],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998244,0.00013708,0.00030011,0.00006359867,0.000002896616,0.000006573416,0.000411959,0.000009804959,0.0008239013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983311,0.00009971909,0.000306924,0.00001271016,0.000001266015,0.000004383759,0.0004351516,0.000005378403,0.0008032991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06045198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1216159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048342730","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-17-00053.1","title":"Observations of extended lag phase of nonnative invasive Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) may be spatial-scale dependent1","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Herbarium; Range (aeronautics); Ecology; Spatial ecology; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Matthew E. Aiello‐Lammens","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09150063191061826,"gpt":0.2616578162846653,"spread":0.1701571843740471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003503157,0.0001783755,0.0001669924,0.000777735,0.0003409484,0.0003676796,0.0002865804,0.0002363252,0.001835004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00101364,0.0001812715,0.00016438,0.00057963,0.0003206283,0.0003924172,0.000407288,0.0004353001,0.0004098207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002660468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001446702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004449596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01596084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999177,0.000009268752,0.000006706918,0.00003344944,0.00001528386,0.00001764367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982205,0.0003919418,0.0008851259,0.0001561782,0.0001839568,0.0001622722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002338603,0.0001009134,0.8761036,0.000116327,0.00004697814,0.0003189684,0.0008857716,0.0001773447,0.1081318,0.0001841568,0.0003012617,0.013399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001122527,0.0000481981,0.9980788,0.000004983844,0.000004466935,0.00009463669,0.0001044343,0.00005937335,0.001072695,0.00003402171,0.0004938415,0.00000323453],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951169,0.0006548514,0.001254678,0.00004970976,0.00001102965,0.00002003877,0.0005208433,0.00005310843,0.002318786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983999,0.0001314466,0.0007058152,0.00003776052,0.000008807515,0.00001424628,0.0003573171,0.000006300615,0.0003385469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004449596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008847415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2396777603","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-15-00064.1","title":"Reproductive traits of<i>Lachnanthes caroliniana</i>(Lam.) Dandy related to patch formation following feral swine rooting disturbance<sup>1</sup>","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Rhizome; Biology; Germination; Seedling; Inflorescence; Longevity; Botany; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Elizabeth H. Boughton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raoul K. Boughton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Callie Griffith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jacy Bernath‐Plaisted","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287256016339466,"gpt":0.2141310982416241,"spread":0.2012585380782294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001205482,0.0001409582,0.0001407267,0.0003729433,0.000291427,0.0002060088,0.0001985084,0.0001482671,0.0006888529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001668312,0.00009661126,0.0001124904,0.0001468942,0.000188551,0.0001523691,0.0002056285,0.0002590614,0.0001101962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000413118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001338075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006867351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01829348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999436,0.000006892782,0.000003219927,0.0000241864,0.000009892616,0.00001215335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996793,0.00005177974,0.0001300875,0.00001755354,0.00004636268,0.00007488793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003899277,0.0001579082,0.2995229,0.00006333127,0.00005523488,0.0006571383,0.0007130938,0.0001837782,0.688687,0.00005748095,0.0001502654,0.00936197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003340203,0.0001254255,0.995881,0.000001080821,0.000006513533,0.0001534737,0.0001686585,0.0001748782,0.003357713,0.000008172084,0.0001165077,0.000003350817],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998123,0.00001945009,0.00002006821,0.000003766805,2.795201e-7,0.00000206398,0.00003633249,0.000001927543,0.0001039518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993943,0.00001482048,0.00009182858,0.00001251194,0.000001050835,0.000005042366,0.0001635966,0.00000199894,0.0003148065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006867351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01365477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361293720","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1","title":"A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Violaceae; Subspecies; Herbarium; Taxon; Viola; Biology; Range (aeronautics); Taxonomy (biology); Geography; Zoology; Ecology; History","authors":[{"name":"Harvey E. Ballard","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Kartesz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Misako Nishino","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02230539118875754,"gpt":0.2037608837097514,"spread":0.1814554925209938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002937019,0.0007148355,0.0003170013,0.007001255,0.007746841,0.001789898,0.001316866,0.0004123378,0.007756101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006486312,0.0001639137,0.0002745918,0.008038554,0.001776748,0.000561509,0.001213961,0.001105922,0.001425542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01903365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02172038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9492182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9823654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994449,0.00003481842,0.00002743584,0.00006053862,0.0002871339,0.000145248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990745,0.00003429487,0.0000583775,0.00001993949,0.0007226635,0.00009017985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001421445,0.00008216384,0.0595495,0.0005303543,0.00003293288,0.001372505,0.01346642,0.001209088,0.01139751,0.0738182,0.2662382,0.5721609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004732156,0.00002909843,0.13386,0.000320672,0.00001405989,0.0006899774,0.006188584,0.0004283321,0.0004086636,0.002479244,0.8555475,0.00002898515],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1284884,0.05702343,0.01337873,0.008478236,0.004070358,0.0009639579,0.01451863,0.0006048788,0.7724733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5376983,0.04276714,0.05858064,0.004733985,0.0008785591,0.0004677398,0.02274976,0.0003149371,0.331809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05078179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1380994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944016738","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-18-0002.1","title":"Determinants of mortality in Pinus banksiana (Pinaceae) stands during an ice storm and its effect on stand spatial structure1","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Pinaceae; Pinus <genus>; Storm; Storm surge; Environmental science; Geography; Geology; Biology; Botany; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"John Markham","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruno Vargas Adorno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nathalia Weisser","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009324741277163725,"gpt":0.2445189435290458,"spread":0.235194202251882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002573227,0.0001609078,0.0001129004,0.0004321923,0.0003996394,0.0003512022,0.0002295128,0.000188556,0.0008858969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007255726,0.00009314442,0.0001029693,0.0003331212,0.0002619103,0.0001807087,0.0002356767,0.0002178358,0.0001594314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003694183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002207795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0199079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07889273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998974,0.00002104286,0.000007347604,0.00002258319,0.00002015704,0.00003148657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915,0.0001655418,0.000363524,0.00002758708,0.00008841295,0.0002049571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004470283,0.00003422344,0.9975166,0.00000319962,0.00001138817,0.00005962058,0.0001044432,0.0000654415,0.0009573514,0.00001142337,0.00003776013,0.001153714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.782908e-7,0.00001817477,0.9997821,5.940897e-7,0.000001031838,0.00001704605,0.00007724383,0.00005849294,0.00002155958,0.000004713113,0.00001821622,4.886159e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997683,0.0000281045,0.00001935104,0.000004666881,8.131569e-7,0.000001584139,0.00003689549,6.014261e-7,0.0001396909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998048,0.00001963877,0.00002548321,0.000003371349,0.000001380515,0.000001533925,0.00006910158,4.589805e-7,0.00007416353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0199079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03958404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386123725","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-22-00034.1","title":"Bilimbia fuscoviridis (≡ Bacidia fuscoviridis), another overlooked sorediate crustose lichen widely distributed in temperate eastern North America","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Crustose; Temperate climate; Lichen; Geography; Temperate rainforest; Ecology; Biology; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Tomas Curtis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dennis P. Waters","is_ca":false},{"name":"James C. Lendemer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0176277861318271,"gpt":0.214578872788241,"spread":0.1969510866564139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001057788,0.0003337535,0.0002212895,0.001297221,0.0009280532,0.0005849617,0.0002473781,0.0001891838,0.00195496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002215684,0.00007417711,0.00006701129,0.0007430781,0.0004254066,0.0003787884,0.0006584426,0.0002093536,0.0004656958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000331588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0127793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03790108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999176,0.000006279103,0.00000734575,0.0000183534,0.00002258229,0.00002781547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998086,0.00002045826,0.00006727931,0.0000156739,0.00003485967,0.00005329607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004914742,0.0001569049,0.419456,0.0007525571,0.0000488431,0.0117759,0.004096402,0.0003007967,0.2451183,0.001566478,0.002392357,0.313844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008754837,0.0002263722,0.9401161,0.0001337884,0.00002390976,0.01815535,0.003013941,0.0002136496,0.006275592,0.0003266849,0.03148152,0.00002441783],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780046,0.002654885,0.0007976221,0.00007237354,0.00002873291,0.0000373064,0.000490386,0.00007245814,0.01784162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966813,0.0005905514,0.0006501006,0.00003537113,0.000006651054,0.000005467227,0.0003928483,0.00000412732,0.001633537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0127793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02540982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2312438935","doi":"10.2307/3088673","title":"The Rediscovery of Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (Ericaceae) in New Jersey","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ericaceae; Medicine; Biology; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Steven D. Glenn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0251635262496612,"gpt":0.2266820061984969,"spread":0.2015184799488357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002874002,0.0001398535,0.0001925133,0.001368528,0.001381993,0.001389578,0.0007346845,0.0003057299,0.00321003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002879106,0.0001906962,0.0001307794,0.000931924,0.0007850246,0.0009947934,0.001089389,0.000934906,0.0003743691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001940609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001286216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2331391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7131602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998167,0.0000143323,0.000008551047,0.00006484572,0.00004913627,0.00004642746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999692,0.00004493596,0.00009007429,0.00002668099,0.00008282797,0.00006355943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004318482,0.0003560573,0.459785,0.0004845076,0.00009413296,0.006478182,0.01831384,0.000334772,0.03143647,0.008954611,0.02126351,0.452067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008744455,0.00007238772,0.8011064,0.0001541436,0.00006240878,0.00166123,0.008780087,0.0002680307,0.00152909,0.0005407598,0.1857906,0.00002607218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9360683,0.005881861,0.001060685,0.001681276,0.0001141378,0.00003199164,0.001053454,0.0001057352,0.05400242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799497,0.003665203,0.00163869,0.001136485,0.00004120364,0.00001448376,0.001114566,0.00002943577,0.01241015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2331391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4635642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409971726","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-24-00042.1","title":"Notable plant rarities of northern New York alvar landscapes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Archaeology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Bruce Gilman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.023620408146936,"gpt":0.208731657024728,"spread":0.185111248877792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009347773,0.00007924097,0.0001220846,0.0007325135,0.0007088066,0.0005952037,0.0001746962,0.00009714162,0.002870593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003131155,0.0001114399,0.00005188078,0.0005384858,0.00042212,0.0003063655,0.0006156015,0.0001841026,0.0001563382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006684233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003196552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08884953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5802303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999086,0.00000757321,0.000003589641,0.00003493311,0.00001890803,0.00002642604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997172,0.00003879957,0.00009369796,0.00002755311,0.00004660827,0.00007615919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001577189,0.00004326983,0.9372492,0.0001138191,0.00006357512,0.0008013386,0.006616967,0.0001919068,0.01525382,0.001211968,0.003258853,0.03503755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001271178,0.000008407475,0.9949496,0.000006966773,0.000005194036,0.0001651304,0.001505257,0.00004349411,0.0001218832,0.00003561798,0.003154425,0.000002775322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951116,0.0002374925,0.00006256345,0.00004761101,0.000002761332,0.000004426487,0.0002845605,0.000004983763,0.004243932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997458,0.0002011393,0.0001195042,0.00001920091,0.000003489551,0.000005894429,0.0002944932,0.000003976202,0.001894254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08884953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1766648,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409971725","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-24-00039.1","title":"Floating vegetation mats in Braddock Bay Wildlife Management Area, Lake Ontario: A multidecadal perspective1","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bay; Wildlife; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Fishery; Hydrology (agriculture); Oceanography; Geography; Geology; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Rachel Schultz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kendalyn Town","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008830541961448654,"gpt":0.2167058133956001,"spread":0.2078752714341515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002885231,0.0002321944,0.0001439058,0.001849251,0.001210783,0.0009601251,0.0006310891,0.0002360687,0.001325571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007631156,0.0002135232,0.0001778148,0.003414721,0.0005830053,0.0005144074,0.000757241,0.0003603806,0.0001213296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007602063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005364375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9503853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9878634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997424,0.00001583219,0.00001931704,0.00005429111,0.00007472728,0.00009338382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988849,0.00004605413,0.0004740071,0.00002854253,0.000330517,0.0002359086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003136666,0.00001070216,0.9860172,0.00009210659,0.00005601223,0.0001829759,0.00238572,0.00007644174,0.0004378241,0.00006533004,0.001458771,0.009185523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.45912e-7,0.000003566167,0.9981199,0.00001235978,0.000005078348,0.00002177286,0.0006284478,0.00002934212,0.00001283328,0.000004384319,0.001159534,0.000002230327],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872951,0.003682973,0.0001486299,0.0006226877,0.00002682102,0.00002178401,0.00541512,0.0000176648,0.002769243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940277,0.002050297,0.0002301488,0.0001079237,0.00001841402,0.00002109523,0.002053142,0.000006250963,0.001485036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04961473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09981376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401893902","doi":"10.3159/torrey-d-24-00004.1","title":"Carex scirpoidea (Cyperaceae) in Wisconsin—Now you see it. . .1","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","topic":"Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cyperaceae; Carex; Geography; Botany; Biology; Poaceae","authors":[{"name":"Léo P. Bruederle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Audrey Spencer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas W. Bard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02834666645083843,"gpt":0.2439117546242352,"spread":0.2155650881733968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000146523,0.0002769088,0.0001266362,0.002101382,0.001563226,0.0005179306,0.0003646724,0.0002115331,0.005657223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002217067,0.0001222895,0.0001026409,0.002943097,0.0003546953,0.0005504112,0.0004479094,0.0003177247,0.0009715243],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008949102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007992496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1883544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5459721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999089,0.00001234833,0.000008393446,0.00002908119,0.0000216036,0.00001969485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998767,0.0000135595,0.00005330768,0.000007971653,0.00002969884,0.00001877745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003374084,0.00006784211,0.4114836,0.0008407633,0.00007088891,0.003013369,0.01613364,0.00017943,0.01693613,0.002003037,0.03552621,0.5134078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004019922,0.00004739769,0.8537552,0.0001989674,0.00003420863,0.001138967,0.007081182,0.00008141375,0.0007165924,0.0002377062,0.1366893,0.00001500228],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9224415,0.01355062,0.0005314807,0.002135935,0.0001140931,0.00006831493,0.007505004,0.000144313,0.05350874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.973442,0.007047874,0.00147569,0.000700414,0.00007358092,0.00003523744,0.004062633,0.0000217915,0.01314089],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1883544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3745162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}