{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8ec45797ad97","filters":{"venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2047807918","doi":"10.1023/b:raec.0000026833.26220.2d","title":"Cluster-Based Economic Strategy, Facilitation Policy and the Market Process","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Regional Development and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"General Electric (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Cluster development; Service (business); Variety (cybernetics); Economic geography; Cluster (spacecraft); Regional policy; Silicon valley; Economics; Economic growth; Regional science; Economy; Political science; Sociology; Entrepreneurship; Finance; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Pierre Desrochers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Sautet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03210295370946839,"gpt":0.3372656437422872,"spread":0.3051626900328188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002034593,0.00009331732,0.0002368268,0.00003983424,0.0002194498,0.00004713446,0.0003013752,0.00004250507,0.0000643362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002505249,0.00005747114,0.00008107827,0.00009396686,0.0006024775,0.0001382277,0.0000195735,0.00006760668,0.00002554826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001748949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001398154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001389362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000532372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991197,0.0002036478,0.0003451892,0.0001144735,0.00005563287,0.0001613575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991313,0.0003719745,0.000256067,0.0001594599,0.00002868111,0.00005251499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001312206,0.0000211546,0.0001313904,0.001140427,0.00007317945,1.464287e-7,0.004883028,0.002290488,2.70259e-7,0.9431016,0.002928811,0.0452983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007552082,0.0001210102,0.003853173,0.003117342,0.0002018725,0.000008600237,0.003983301,0.000515011,0.00005708707,0.3342055,0.64565,0.0007350219],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2918291,0.01754829,0.00009085255,0.444029,0.0003516534,0.004170581,0.0001058223,0.00005274073,0.2418219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8405854,0.1536326,0.00008413629,0.003636245,0.0004496556,0.0000593762,0.00001239164,0.00001216864,0.001528017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6427212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2480265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904921897","doi":"10.1007/s11138-019-00440-5","title":"The Austrian School of Economics: A view from London","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Public finance; Austrian School; Economics; Neoclassical economics; Schools of economic thought; Positive economics; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Peter J. Boettke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rosolino Candela","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03035217315502483,"gpt":0.2250838363560823,"spread":0.1947316632010575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002570298,0.0002957003,0.001296543,0.0001013861,0.0001766415,0.00006487065,0.001320718,0.0001428745,0.002998984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003372005,0.0002350016,0.0005389004,0.0001678139,0.000353511,0.0004015594,0.0001926471,0.0003155384,0.003856015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002302603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001856377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003003461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007624504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996641,0.00009114571,0.002397359,0.0004821141,0.00001706436,0.0003712699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953312,0.000550309,0.002211291,0.001735908,0.00004431957,0.0001269434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006565399,0.00006672859,0.004230367,0.0006622291,0.0004731149,2.181866e-7,0.00007350769,0.0004561335,0.000006108722,0.9798414,0.002088814,0.01203577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001143695,0.000109685,0.00217006,0.00124955,0.00008815975,0.000006433202,0.0001485444,0.0003669193,0.0002643717,0.103335,0.8906897,0.0004278892],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.6789873,0.2022895,0.00006536161,0.006159253,0.002786684,0.002546205,0.001858848,0.00003646879,0.1052704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4965818,0.4991911,0.0001711957,0.001130684,0.0003322829,0.00006072065,0.00006866766,0.00005274725,0.002410805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8886009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979124,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309490796","doi":"10.1007/s11138-022-00598-5","title":"Menger’s precursors in the German subjective-value tradition and his advancements in the theory of wants and goods","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"German; Value (mathematics); Economics; Neoclassical economics; Nexus (standard); Positive economics; Public good; Philosophy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"David A. Harper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony M. Endres","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04583707298826867,"gpt":0.2656549414165958,"spread":0.2198178684283272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005715535,0.0001249613,0.000444298,0.0001149251,0.0001513236,0.00001573773,0.0004423136,0.00003040165,0.0001258938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009619743,0.00009236916,0.00007949064,0.0001760291,0.0002406033,0.0002188724,0.00007319402,0.000241801,0.000004049723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001076786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003296703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005466078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002676953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984002,0.0003677596,0.0008290444,0.0002302247,0.0000208139,0.0001519287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986206,0.0003742691,0.0005792924,0.0004031322,0.000004768724,0.00001794099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003330903,0.00009018138,0.002666692,0.0002498103,0.00003250716,4.582686e-7,0.003402429,0.0001296918,0.000001229265,0.9885318,0.0000722038,0.00478969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002074732,0.0004459306,0.06808569,0.000676661,0.00009411449,0.00007339107,0.00820553,0.0006099743,0.0000461048,0.828851,0.09035846,0.0004784351],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9473417,0.04102359,0.00001507291,0.001934651,0.0001580795,0.0009495891,0.0003867764,0.000002868004,0.008187695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.947392,0.05173108,0.00002240695,0.0006622868,0.00002432129,0.0001112831,0.00001551906,0.000008179847,0.00003290264],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1596808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3766705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159608653","doi":"10.1007/s11138-013-0238-4","title":"In defence of the institutional revolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Public finance; Political science; Political economy; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Douglas W. Allen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03363187286713609,"gpt":0.2219557680173485,"spread":0.1883238951502124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001027395,0.0001024004,0.0004207809,0.0000709389,0.00008106616,0.000009169237,0.0005451375,0.00005662002,0.0008578674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002695148,0.00007768146,0.0001902854,0.0002018902,0.0003641937,0.0004037954,0.00009231028,0.0001458902,0.0003988574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001460582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008688056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002995337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003176459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985166,0.00003999987,0.001105969,0.000175435,0.0000127618,0.0001492125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985592,0.00007332949,0.0007611833,0.0005521704,0.00002632049,0.00002774365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002435787,0.00003181786,0.003105988,0.0003245589,0.00001771789,4.875674e-8,0.00004134351,0.0004253886,0.000006070412,0.9944829,0.0009187482,0.0006429462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001209681,0.00006998165,0.08321307,0.003945408,0.00004398239,0.00004424055,0.0001301576,0.001528383,0.0006107194,0.6029468,0.3057117,0.0005459382],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8558283,0.05234091,0.0002901647,0.01213867,0.001455542,0.001739157,0.0002838407,0.00001166188,0.07591179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9635118,0.03496534,0.0001464357,0.0008334648,0.00006279557,0.00004539437,0.000004407154,0.000006992017,0.0004233986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3915362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9393046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075397822","doi":"10.1007/s11138-005-5596-0","title":"PAUL H. RUBIN (2002) Darwinian Politics: The Evolutionary Origin of Freedom, New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Rutgers University Press","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Darwinism; Politics; Sociology; Political science; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Thomas Marmefelt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04155122420010358,"gpt":0.2411535283525033,"spread":0.1996023041523997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004708362,0.00009531666,0.0002170188,0.00003677237,0.0002097032,0.00002628943,0.0003420086,0.00002649601,0.0008066646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004459421,0.00006416639,0.00008267727,0.00003944152,0.0006071067,0.0002488587,0.00004681739,0.00009534542,0.00002578667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008971777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005011597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001214344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002877277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992587,0.00008768657,0.0003130864,0.0001273458,0.00006461087,0.0001485869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991499,0.000116709,0.0002789112,0.00031629,0.00006761377,0.00007061935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001290362,0.00005360649,0.0002024496,0.0003414896,0.00005086723,1.553337e-7,0.003595712,0.0001274223,0.00000288336,0.7661951,0.2227419,0.006675459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000209371,0.00002840172,0.0005084588,0.0002739699,0.00006567757,0.000004294931,0.0008228542,0.0002715897,0.00001627024,0.0003207329,0.9973931,0.00008530726],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1685287,0.2321933,0.00008338351,0.1680359,0.003332675,0.003144106,0.0005059874,0.000104336,0.4240716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5157774,0.3488505,0.001174901,0.002866918,0.004516511,0.000004868481,0.00005566584,0.00004493451,0.1267083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7746511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8832412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2928549472","doi":"10.1007/s11138-019-00443-2","title":"Anthropological archaeology and the Viennese students of civilization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Wirth Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, University of Alberta","keywords":"Civilization; Public finance; Archaeology; Anthropology; Sociology; Geography; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Crystal A. Dozier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03565850464638744,"gpt":0.3619374020424724,"spread":0.326278897396085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005822578,0.00005416295,0.0003312393,0.000008863033,0.00009561219,0.000006133179,0.0003822922,0.00005681048,0.0005009411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001108627,0.00002722897,0.00007754126,0.00007083865,0.002109449,0.00009063145,0.0001212782,0.00010449,0.00001521685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001204974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004174157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001167777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004692358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997866,0.001579119,0.0003112214,0.00009722767,0.00005413385,0.00009225058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972484,0.002131715,0.0003738841,0.0001885086,0.00003317071,0.00002439155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001658933,0.00003709342,0.0161684,0.0003210278,0.00005963699,2.06944e-7,0.004558598,0.000003261835,0.000001910745,0.9686581,0.00009393809,0.009931909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003303774,0.0005554851,0.01496535,0.00174331,0.0003040162,0.00001026622,0.0190095,0.00006237911,0.0000314884,0.2513624,0.7083004,0.0003516458],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.921311,0.04099923,0.00001625111,0.01936966,0.0002262265,0.0009878861,0.000006071365,0.000006777201,0.01707694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.707924,0.291362,0.000009648853,0.0004519788,0.00003037525,0.000003719064,0.000001129504,0.000001368396,0.000215799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7172958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7772352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107170520","doi":"10.1007/s11138-012-0173-9","title":"Information, organization, and freedom: Explaining the great reversal","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Austrian Economics","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Coase theorem; Politics; Economics; Public finance; Property rights; Decentralization; Economic system; Perspective (graphical); Neoclassical economics; Law and economics; Microeconomics; Positive economics; Market economy; Political science; Transaction cost; Law; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Jean‐Jacques Rosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xavier de Vanssay","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02965628673212953,"gpt":0.2671712063232957,"spread":0.2375149195911662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001889405,0.00005645262,0.0001338545,0.00001941733,0.0003013293,0.0000406877,0.0001908993,0.0000270401,0.0007438032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004034842,0.00003713066,0.00002471308,0.0001104847,0.0001380249,0.0005251165,0.00005629233,0.00005012662,0.000146173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008069078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001222776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007138908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002948186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993907,0.00007310176,0.0003260633,0.00003758004,0.00003743023,0.0001351117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993906,0.0001139344,0.0002357973,0.0001485219,0.00005354236,0.00005760272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008906111,0.00002182829,0.04273446,0.0005787501,0.0001175831,4.574969e-8,0.08029785,0.00003214445,5.733541e-7,0.3684922,0.04122012,0.4664955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009831089,0.000002776602,0.003700619,0.0001279253,0.0000221708,0.000003080407,0.003840304,0.000005723362,0.000001999401,0.00005246778,0.9920816,0.00006303583],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.524974,0.05109064,0.0009433345,0.1649705,0.007198387,0.005059499,0.0000774009,0.0002099392,0.2454762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5358416,0.4545377,0.000452738,0.00628411,0.0007885432,0.00002436646,0.00003590001,0.00001625554,0.002018766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9508615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8144123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}