{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":40,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":40,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"28799316a419","filters":{"venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters"}},"results":[{"id":"W4323020172","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.132011","title":"ESG Indices Efficiency in Five MENA Countries: Application of the Hurst Exponent","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Efficient-market hypothesis; Hurst exponent; Statistic; Econometrics; Economics; Market efficiency; Stock market; Corporate governance; Sample (material); Financial market; Financial economics; Financial market efficiency; Statistics; Mathematics; Finance; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Mouncif Harabida","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bouchra Radi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Pierre Gueyié","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00733457222845423,"gpt":0.197690458484187,"spread":0.1903558862557328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001076436,0.0001338408,0.0003310007,0.0001838929,0.00006772908,0.00003310966,0.0004620657,0.00008433608,0.0001291235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001030522,0.0001272094,0.0001119582,0.000299218,0.0005304795,0.00008060886,0.0001447919,0.000158295,0.000104425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001453577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001678982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001165706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004278777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985739,0.00003272922,0.0006970721,0.0003678898,0.00003001397,0.0002983882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989261,0.0002194501,0.0003145054,0.0004802335,0.00001066865,0.00004904359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002463387,0.00003297396,0.08116237,0.00002481848,0.00001285778,5.984726e-7,0.0005250963,0.0006628027,0.00001817756,0.9173214,0.00006643321,0.0001478275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006633134,0.00003150889,0.1211692,0.00002017373,0.000007007202,0.000001555182,0.0001798057,0.4498623,0.00007165938,0.4258481,0.00182714,0.0003182075],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823413,0.00003546239,0.001877418,0.008714276,0.0002334442,0.0003324267,0.0001199844,0.00002384824,0.006321822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989966,0.00008510616,0.00002973821,0.0007512639,0.00003413283,0.00004103447,0.00001294498,0.00001711697,0.00003202285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4914733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5187449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073789589","doi":"10.4236/tel.2012.24068","title":"Revenue Sharing in Hierarchical Organizations: A New Interpretation of the Generalized Banzhaf Value","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Hierarchy; Revenue; Aggregate (composite); Productivity; Earnings; Shapley value; Value (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Function (biology); Hierarchical organization; Task (project management); Production (economics); Interpretation (philosophy); Microeconomics; Mathematical economics; Economics; Computer science; Mathematics; Game theory; Statistics; Management","authors":[{"name":"Roland Pongou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bertrand Tchantcho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Narcisse Tedjeugang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225796509326302,"gpt":0.2077809746749176,"spread":0.1955230095816546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001174329,0.0001234941,0.0003336699,0.0001210088,0.00004567521,0.00003176627,0.0003923058,0.00008199623,0.0002918314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004508425,0.0001200058,0.00009650877,0.0002191438,0.0002299681,0.0001703441,0.0001185431,0.0001975663,0.0001437645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001690347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009243879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008231648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986728,0.00008419309,0.0007045976,0.0002264066,0.00001942567,0.0002925357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991228,0.0001451533,0.0002610206,0.0003754074,0.000008499213,0.0000871044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002545604,0.00002948122,0.03842266,0.00001532447,0.00001755637,1.158716e-7,0.001773435,0.001536811,0.0002135081,0.9577845,0.0001131273,0.00006806701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009623508,0.00001992088,0.02203504,0.00009907387,0.00001580128,0.00001117534,0.00006159935,0.02494363,0.0008373126,0.94971,0.0009632873,0.0003407924],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847705,0.0001396607,0.008022753,0.003446262,0.0005798876,0.000192356,0.00003065148,0.00001433862,0.00280354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976038,0.00001755664,0.0005305182,0.001476937,0.0002100505,0.000007550807,0.000005504766,0.00002848559,0.0001196051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02340681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4893695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987759449","doi":"10.4236/tel.2015.51018","title":"Modeling Spatial Data Pooled over Time: Schematic Representation and Monte Carlo Evidences","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Spatial analysis; Monte Carlo method; Autocorrelation; Econometrics; Schematic; Computer science; Autoregressive model; Spatial econometrics; Representation (politics); Dimension (graph theory); Spatial dependence; Panel data; Statistics; Mathematics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jean Dubé","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diègo Legros","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08280067548179777,"gpt":0.2605589673250138,"spread":0.1777582918432161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009472965,0.0001728848,0.0004748463,0.0001415833,0.00006468768,0.0001953763,0.0004906856,0.00007899956,0.0004537387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004191839,0.0001864393,0.00006666526,0.00009478293,0.0002416977,0.0006367133,0.0003231811,0.0001278656,0.0004882285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006209573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001782629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001667006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009839387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99839,0.00003930339,0.0006380861,0.0006381986,0.00004052064,0.0002538757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986766,0.0001229271,0.0001767716,0.0008169044,0.00001827468,0.0001885292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003279092,0.0001241719,0.03082497,0.00007901742,0.0008267081,0.000021473,0.001589658,0.07709429,0.0001696669,0.8817052,0.003958065,0.003278873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004199042,0.00002047708,0.0002248642,0.00001229886,0.00005406969,0.000004645897,0.00005056682,0.9340864,0.0000131694,0.06475049,0.0001281625,0.0002349632],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723813,0.000376912,0.02070761,0.004667602,0.0001897556,0.0001539639,0.0002979845,0.0000332357,0.001191628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970034,0.0001315849,0.001106689,0.001332627,0.0002078832,0.00000799205,0.0001551088,0.00002277166,0.00003192657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8569921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7602776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2211344971","doi":"10.4236/tel.2015.56087","title":"Hypothetical Bias for Private Goods: Does Cheap Talk Make a Difference?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Egg Marketing Agency; Université Laval","funders":"Canadian Dairy Commission","keywords":"Cheap talk; Economics; Respondent; Willingness to pay; Preference; Microeconomics; Experimental economics; Gauge (firearms); Vickrey auction; Private information retrieval; Common value auction; Auction theory; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Maurice Doyon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laure Saulais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernard Ruffieux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denise Bweli","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.103028865986702,"gpt":0.2197357950355135,"spread":0.1167069290488115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101864,0.0002868161,0.0005704787,0.0001198618,0.00008583671,0.0001232269,0.0003676821,0.0001636885,0.000569537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002200684,0.0002785472,0.0002255296,0.00004583157,0.0006774429,0.0001416057,0.0001237659,0.0001666774,0.000836696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003794907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001750349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001766398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008309989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997902,0.00003153696,0.0008414305,0.0006581362,0.00002939979,0.0005374444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987159,0.0002139965,0.0002755505,0.000472502,0.000007557271,0.0003144854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000718598,0.00007712633,0.01309409,0.00001244624,0.00005302634,9.361561e-7,0.0001938054,0.000217451,0.00009579373,0.9852272,0.0002280189,0.0007281905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002019613,0.0001618456,0.01212517,0.00001024127,0.00002378657,0.000009476523,0.0001060155,0.01242061,0.0005682357,0.9589479,0.01298292,0.0006241644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640074,0.0000713812,0.01694553,0.01001584,0.0006736175,0.0004908435,0.0002472342,0.0000580836,0.007490039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910345,0.00006148985,0.003706696,0.004419451,0.0002913776,0.0001231971,0.00006197327,0.0000670263,0.0002342746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02702709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505728056","doi":"10.4236/tel.2016.64078","title":"Determinants of Oil Futures Prices","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Futures contract; Oil-storage trade; Economics; Liberian dollar; Speculation; Crack spread; Monetary economics; Financial economics; Crude oil; Exchange rate; Heating oil; Purchasing; Spot contract; Oil price; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Rebecca Abraham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles Harrington","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009575834489508755,"gpt":0.2020932740839492,"spread":0.1925174395944405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007117683,0.0001638182,0.0004697702,0.0001186297,0.0000497311,0.00002671155,0.0003527513,0.00009619681,0.001685632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001435133,0.0001363071,0.0001614326,0.0000553702,0.0005689357,0.0001497327,0.00009566772,0.0000731378,0.0001128803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007089027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001117476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002251146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002316575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985061,0.00001809132,0.000745659,0.0003913981,0.00001927755,0.0003194524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988344,0.0002356453,0.000351965,0.0004604672,0.00001412961,0.0001034274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005078881,0.00003451082,0.09703095,0.00002584654,0.00002225674,0.000001063836,0.0000559385,0.000001624432,0.0002264447,0.8947904,0.00007720963,0.007682945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001445374,0.0001001064,0.0701772,0.00005945607,0.00001533156,0.000007622247,0.00002809266,0.01202523,0.001004837,0.9075845,0.00683116,0.0007210358],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724129,0.00008004573,0.001606302,0.002571634,0.0003274527,0.00005190303,0.0001976056,0.00002152454,0.02273066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981783,0.0002398821,0.0005806487,0.000738775,0.0000964147,0.000008455495,0.000002057683,0.00002409234,0.0001313493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02685375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312934246","doi":"10.4236/tel.2022.125076","title":"Use of E-Banking and Customer E-Engagement in Developing Countries: Case of NFC Bank Cameroon","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Continuance; Business; Structural equation modeling; Electronic banking; Marketing; Financial services; Developing country; Financial inclusion; Database transaction; Service (business); Transaction cost; Service quality; Mobile banking; Technology acceptance model; Sample (material); Customer satisfaction; Quality (philosophy); Finance; Economics; Usability; The Internet; Economic growth; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Jean Robert Kala Kamdjoug","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arielle Ornela Ndassi Teutio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Tchakounte Tchouanga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Pierre Gueyié","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07831268142753184,"gpt":0.3236554478826543,"spread":0.2453427664551224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002315782,0.00009826739,0.0002937903,0.000417733,0.0001072067,0.00003545224,0.0002837184,0.00004756164,0.0009451746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023955,0.00009456047,0.00004588869,0.0002289201,0.000758594,0.0001329489,0.0003755041,0.0002446075,0.000007947265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001067445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004161044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004083303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002663337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998481,0.000239325,0.0006619766,0.0002893915,0.0001472665,0.0001810531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984035,0.0009847095,0.0002246529,0.0003189575,0.00003274129,0.0000354011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005968614,0.00002558928,0.03098989,0.000004763353,0.00001082113,0.00008016178,0.001001006,0.00091743,0.000260706,0.964678,0.0002487891,0.001723174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009990669,0.0009051969,0.1506283,0.0002221369,0.0003110236,0.003214556,0.03632689,0.0320589,0.0171995,0.5986086,0.1469189,0.003615335],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912016,0.00001466962,0.001171252,0.007200043,0.000118134,0.0001282152,0.00003443457,0.00001365478,0.0001179498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957163,0.00003244135,0.001422744,0.00279452,0.000004691009,0.00001156106,0.000001419333,0.000008849131,0.000007412391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3660694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400131832","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.143059","title":"Investigating the Impact of Geopolitical Risks and Uncertainty Factors on Bitcoin","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Yorkville University","funders":"","keywords":"Geopolitics; Volatility (finance); Cryptocurrency; Index (typography); Economics; Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity; Leverage (statistics); Leverage effect; Financial economics; Monetary economics; Econometrics; Statistics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"José Daniel Cardoso Rodrigues","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petros Golitsis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavlos Gkasis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.018664893893471,"gpt":0.271116743726119,"spread":0.252451849832648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003362409,0.0001154841,0.0001423803,0.00006995636,0.0000835755,0.00008789645,0.000447067,0.00007657034,0.00001625277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006952555,0.00007116199,0.00008377402,0.0001161515,0.001510947,0.0000540515,0.0001630728,0.0002943856,0.000009574115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005561282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003650738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009707773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001971256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992366,0.00005067644,0.0001891968,0.0002706384,0.00003839636,0.0002144983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986942,0.0007785506,0.00003148597,0.0004107099,0.000008682939,0.00007636881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.974239e-7,0.000009319552,0.0003687458,0.000004443079,0.00002478765,5.353452e-7,0.0002716506,0.0004120035,0.0001673124,0.9966861,0.00008322266,0.001970906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004874186,0.00004696922,0.002601033,0.00001063419,0.0000057678,0.000006571541,0.00002764531,0.3123461,0.0006352018,0.6841524,0.00003485458,0.00008410869],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716007,0.00002752544,0.01370791,0.01389904,0.0000478859,0.0001012864,0.00001254808,0.00009728461,0.0005058759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986241,0.000009196075,0.0005277891,0.0007959025,0.00002528258,0.000008503494,0.000001406508,0.000006964677,8.881746e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3125337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5567147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022761362","doi":"10.4236/tel.2020.102026","title":"Determinants and Consequences of Intellectual Capital Efficiency in the U.S. Banking Industry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Banking industry; Intellectual capital; Business; Capital (architecture); Economics; Monetary economics; Financial system; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Justin Yiqiang Jin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wenting Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0143778286291309,"gpt":0.2057315875204833,"spread":0.1913537588913524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002966366,0.0001099288,0.0001901262,0.00009487954,0.00005899191,0.00009841671,0.0002636779,0.00006385133,0.0006191026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000219927,0.00007870942,0.0000512052,0.0001973659,0.0008842026,0.0002440541,0.00009455006,0.0002509163,0.00006100446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008570679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001014875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005475645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000157736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993076,0.00001460182,0.0002619174,0.000170761,0.0000611285,0.0001840008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995941,0.0002159796,0.00008035094,0.00008362914,0.00001498323,0.00001095211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002365195,0.00006260869,0.04356631,0.0001759805,0.00003783083,0.00002458996,0.01120211,0.0005757223,0.00262454,0.9369985,0.0004116577,0.00408361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00423376,0.000722564,0.02804959,0.0004122001,0.0006805838,0.0001153403,0.04867776,0.5419322,0.01729915,0.3498333,0.004475727,0.003567871],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902881,0.00002724921,0.00004305578,0.006114074,0.00003889501,0.00007676458,0.000001519739,0.000008762132,0.003401561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838739,0.00001797799,0.000009861509,0.01590567,0.0001796985,0.000003153086,0.000002031554,0.000006816952,9.156998e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5871652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.677874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401524774","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.144075","title":"ESG Accounting—The Principles and Principals to Be Served?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Business; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Frank T. Lorne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tianze Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03377115942626978,"gpt":0.2281913892150222,"spread":0.1944202297887524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001140476,0.000268933,0.0004211668,0.0002331792,0.0001811146,0.000533782,0.0004534787,0.0001212215,0.0004464945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002021239,0.0002494035,0.00014519,0.0002401357,0.0004677698,0.0002829832,0.0003155359,0.0003025403,0.0008812744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001705791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003341876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006276803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004510342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979681,0.00002174215,0.000657031,0.0007135455,0.00003085492,0.0006086868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998832,0.0002964782,0.0001054819,0.0005875576,0.00001748076,0.0001610032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002091519,0.00001313083,0.004032771,0.00005618429,0.00005412253,0.00001200774,0.0009817706,0.00028051,0.00001490626,0.9921449,0.001660522,0.0007282107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002454034,0.00004839637,0.007465495,0.00003875441,0.00001973272,0.00003548215,0.0001362706,0.003592023,0.00005072515,0.2848873,0.7029262,0.0005541508],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9038164,0.0007572943,0.003010197,0.08260107,0.0004548825,0.0003362197,0.00007508829,0.00009830259,0.008850544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781679,0.0002163439,0.0007041667,0.01910836,0.0003371972,0.00007666832,0.00001107627,0.00006773564,0.001310579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7072576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2724467550","doi":"10.4236/tel.2017.75074","title":"A Quarter Century of Economic Reforms of India (1991-2016)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Economic reform; Economics; Development economics; Economic policy; Political science; Geography; China","authors":[{"name":"Gouher Ahmed","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01067980722140534,"gpt":0.2174366342617635,"spread":0.2067568270403581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001017412,0.0002801365,0.0009629915,0.0002539816,0.0001529064,0.00008452454,0.001122974,0.0001947391,0.001503827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009739507,0.0003076117,0.0003720855,0.00002199272,0.001655505,0.0004754474,0.0002139546,0.000217758,0.0009594067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001752013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003439706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002449466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001916885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975917,0.00002776113,0.001393846,0.000500945,0.0000117672,0.0004739489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966092,0.0001507721,0.001585483,0.001474596,0.00001161815,0.0001683792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001175432,0.00004847099,0.004967072,0.00004034781,0.0001292409,0.000001343849,0.0004734506,0.00006351664,0.0002139418,0.9933438,0.00027755,0.0003237403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001343488,0.0001247995,0.01296178,0.00003751858,0.00002004434,0.000009975302,0.00009678627,0.0005352424,0.001635876,0.9774503,0.005270168,0.0005140541],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8813118,0.0001100991,0.00009533121,0.002436937,0.0007657112,0.0001891091,0.00052441,0.00001806343,0.1145486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981607,0.0003078406,0.0002535427,0.000840153,0.0002705436,0.0000130039,0.00002284506,0.00004750634,0.00008384205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.116849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1815130586","doi":"10.4236/tel.2015.54062","title":"Trends of Base Metals Prices","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Economics; Base (topology); Natural resource; Natural resource economics; Resource (disambiguation); Technological change; Microeconomics; Scarcity; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Econometrics; Ecology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Nguyen Bao Anh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aggey Semenov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08487890276599928,"gpt":0.2489336539839263,"spread":0.1640547512179271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001064739,0.0002186703,0.000687875,0.0004060311,0.00003780874,0.00005739867,0.0003894266,0.0001122121,0.00166677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001509221,0.0002567811,0.0002324813,0.000153929,0.0005377628,0.0002646852,0.000127183,0.0001332444,0.0008345708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001540136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000158547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008395128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001456748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981784,0.00001808234,0.0009293005,0.0004258781,0.00001993915,0.0004284235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986301,0.0001344504,0.0004433758,0.0004987276,0.0000175915,0.0002757336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004972037,0.0000564677,0.001578115,0.00001480161,0.00006815894,0.000001438444,0.000540223,0.0003452336,0.00004394484,0.9958816,0.001159696,0.0002606152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00227603,0.000205823,0.001647786,0.00001751237,0.00004582161,0.00002066977,0.0003746159,0.01262779,0.001609829,0.9545154,0.02567128,0.00098747],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8817133,0.0002947877,0.001258626,0.009908037,0.0005226241,0.00009526785,0.000418135,0.00004378048,0.1057454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946742,0.0001356834,0.001461154,0.003294831,0.0002195659,0.00001639544,0.00003927972,0.00004387334,0.0001150098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1129609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122926443","doi":"10.4236/tel.2013.36052","title":"w-MPS Risk Aversion and the CAPM","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic theories and models","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Capital asset pricing model; Economics; Preference; Risk aversion (psychology); Bond; Mathematical economics; Asset (computer security); Econometrics; Financial economics; Expected utility hypothesis; Microeconomics; Computer science; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Phelim P. Boyle","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chenghu Ma","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004378348114667399,"gpt":0.1403235633507672,"spread":0.1359452152360998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009972898,0.0002052687,0.0004649076,0.00007936316,0.0002179024,0.0002060473,0.0003348297,0.00009606228,0.002264869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000110062,0.0001722282,0.0001571604,0.0000395831,0.001590078,0.0002775109,0.0001762263,0.0002560452,0.00221826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007811422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006487946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004157031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007888003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985105,0.0000474339,0.0005864248,0.000452449,0.00001235435,0.0003908744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986811,0.0003951509,0.0002800628,0.0004886171,0.00001055362,0.0001445219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004751664,0.000009991042,0.001110794,0.000004385879,0.00005148419,3.088797e-7,0.0003871754,0.0001793796,0.000008085131,0.9966262,0.001025908,0.0005487672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001628592,0.00002111469,0.001277354,0.000003603828,0.000013426,0.000007067606,0.0001283486,0.02006313,0.00002548739,0.9703212,0.0062335,0.0002771605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9388452,0.0002800791,0.003595192,0.02134645,0.0003959889,0.0003940047,0.00007073961,0.00003746671,0.03503485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920529,0.0008402829,0.0004435137,0.006227326,0.0001679373,0.00004886793,0.000005949089,0.00003397347,0.0001792702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05320764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4295546125","doi":"10.4236/tel.2022.125066","title":"Economic Crisis and Corporate Governance: How Can Board Independence and Expertise Maximize the Firm Value?","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"Labex Ecodec; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Corporate governance; Incentive; Context (archaeology); Independence (probability theory); Business; Accounting; Value (mathematics); Sustainable growth rate; Industrial organization; Economics; Finance; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Patricia Crifo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gwenaël Roudaut","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009889533426713351,"gpt":0.1731937895876795,"spread":0.1633042561609662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004172859,0.000225571,0.0002657648,0.00003886686,0.0004070582,0.000381281,0.0003747904,0.00004280816,0.0002821449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000251461,0.0002012444,0.00006092102,0.00007518229,0.0005222309,0.0004709021,0.0005213528,0.0002925465,0.00002671722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001520859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003094129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005638716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001388017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988392,0.00002656001,0.0002247414,0.0004696604,0.0001074884,0.0003323326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991202,0.00006903475,0.0004317621,0.0003394254,0.00001290901,0.00002667005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001748964,0.00001732157,0.02219938,0.00002473837,0.00003048395,0.00002374765,0.0001291867,0.001221232,0.00009512082,0.9574786,0.01670634,0.001898942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005676326,0.0001317692,0.3249344,0.00005926898,0.0003035002,0.0001243635,0.001798438,0.0936747,0.0001607322,0.4530703,0.1174007,0.002665446],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.911995,0.0001403711,0.0001113971,0.0865171,0.000361237,0.0002033206,0.00006163953,0.00003257142,0.0005773834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9672667,0.0002330311,0.00003567296,0.03197211,0.000332484,0.00006328149,0.000006931732,0.00003330168,0.00005652618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5044083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8206509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026937515","doi":"10.4236/tel.2014.49109","title":"Measuring the Severity of a Banking Crisis and Finding Its Associated Factors: How Are the Factors Different for Simple and Severe Banking Crises?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Financial crisis; Boom; Logit; Retail banking; Liberalization; Monetary economics; Economics; Financial system; Inflation (cosmology); Business; Simple (philosophy); Macroeconomics; Market economy; Econometrics","authors":[{"name":"Anichul Hoque Khan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hasnat Dewan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03329569019382618,"gpt":0.2178413536589912,"spread":0.184545663465165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00154551,0.0002818055,0.0005941684,0.0001097142,0.0004773625,0.0002653928,0.0003553598,0.0001301295,0.00006031082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00115475,0.0002101998,0.0001673676,0.0001002608,0.0004896668,0.0001967394,0.0001746835,0.0002268581,8.880362e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001692497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007920095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003555023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004108352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983077,0.0001140212,0.0005662358,0.0005251222,0.00005397462,0.00043295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969596,0.001912087,0.0006145365,0.0004027964,0.00004091536,0.00007005403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001695576,0.00003478485,0.4916593,0.00007163642,0.00009434207,5.455452e-8,0.002079623,0.0002626877,0.00003692476,0.5055249,0.0000352342,0.0001836475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005514194,0.00004748567,0.6662388,0.0000354709,0.00005152541,0.000001796906,0.0008624428,0.02239201,0.0004493111,0.3088465,0.000126718,0.0003964925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886017,0.0001285839,0.005543336,0.004765455,0.0001756504,0.0004466785,0.0001987836,0.00003026541,0.000109503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999401,0.00002882055,0.00004857735,0.0003913344,0.00005742663,0.00001772262,0.00001389154,0.00003876394,0.000002459501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1966783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8571697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312286093","doi":"10.4236/tel.2022.125077","title":"Economic Instability in the Gulf Region: Insights from a Dual Shock","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shock (circulatory); Pandemic; Stock (firearms); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Economics; Political instability; Quarter (Canadian coin); Financial crisis; Dual (grammatical number); Financial market; Futures contract; China; Monetary economics; Development economics; Financial economics; Geography; Macroeconomics; Political science; Finance; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Talal A. N. M. S. Alotaibi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucía Morales","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01401457809475124,"gpt":0.1939669286785574,"spread":0.1799523505838062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001359368,0.000259828,0.0005487301,0.0001782099,0.0002717545,0.0001298854,0.0008179395,0.00008683368,0.002974985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000734428,0.0002697778,0.0002267045,0.0001372967,0.0004983076,0.0001910292,0.0003740317,0.0006246401,0.0001239627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007642134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004203029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005517996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003757533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974429,0.0002387609,0.001028346,0.0008208833,0.00004068297,0.0004284128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980297,0.0005697413,0.0002892193,0.001010833,0.000005245603,0.00009525168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235264,0.0001094563,0.03610704,0.000004401324,0.00003120308,0.00001520804,0.001003814,0.001051989,0.000003899619,0.9608703,0.0005217162,0.0001573981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008574317,0.00006040385,0.02666955,0.000002300565,0.00000692456,0.00001303231,0.0003665577,0.0912736,0.000001985666,0.8610824,0.01925432,0.0004115112],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9591074,0.0001417664,0.0005882662,0.01380563,0.00064523,0.0003843472,0.0004108989,0.00002858127,0.02488787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925798,0.00004156782,0.0000949889,0.006838073,0.0001800925,0.0001276443,0.00008620069,0.00003255949,0.00001912409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09978796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365791452","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.132016","title":"The Economics of Nature: Constrained Dynamic Optimization and Efficient Decentralized Decision Making in Nature","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Algoma University","funders":"","keywords":"Outcome (game theory); Economics; Microeconomics; Living systems; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Jong Soue You","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003165354922357018,"gpt":0.2583736722820901,"spread":0.255208317359733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001464278,0.00009105961,0.0001422954,0.00008975395,0.0002946487,0.00006950303,0.0001925683,0.0002056051,0.00005173316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003582455,0.00008025374,0.00004228662,0.0001804099,0.001296842,0.000083932,0.0000514809,0.0002697784,0.000004786646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001439232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006773125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003454169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001451242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989868,0.0002048827,0.0002912826,0.0002014852,0.00005881036,0.0002566892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984898,0.001217938,0.0000870157,0.0001332495,0.00002460128,0.00004738818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001124023,0.000007660682,0.00005627031,0.000002055039,0.000006392349,6.130629e-7,0.0005825122,0.2117526,0.00004190706,0.7855826,0.00000895631,0.001846011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006649127,0.00002300266,0.001296678,0.00004862254,0.00001330736,0.000002442147,0.0014686,0.800967,0.00003528349,0.1949647,0.0003237596,0.0001917501],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869029,0.0001098536,0.002241244,0.009123835,0.0003139808,0.0002327071,0.00001361216,0.00003167889,0.00103021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974442,0.001221051,0.0005858787,0.000685845,0.00002887459,0.00000704347,0.00001176148,0.000009698041,0.000005697313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5906179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4778269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996141331","doi":"10.4236/tel.2019.98181","title":"Artisanal Mining, Employment and Empowerment in the North and East of Côte d’Ivoire","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Agriculture and Rural Development Research","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre; Department for International Development; Government of the United Kingdom; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","keywords":"Empowerment; Employability; Women's empowerment; Socioeconomics; Work (physics); Logistic regression; Household income; Logit; Cote d ivoire; Demographic economics; Index (typography); Business; Economic growth; Economics; Geography; Engineering; Humanities","authors":[{"name":"Guede Romuald","is_ca":false},{"name":"El Hadj Ali Gbané","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allou Tolla Koffi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167486320341499,"gpt":0.1992318871165893,"spread":0.1875570239131743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000221085,0.0001015903,0.000155797,0.00001099185,0.00004869214,0.0000404245,0.000157864,0.00003868151,0.000295214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007903946,0.00003215397,0.00003117109,0.00007155301,0.0002823429,0.00004973942,0.00009394366,0.0000990931,0.00002230215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001584508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003763292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004147116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005345588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992459,0.00005998008,0.0001925981,0.0002018387,0.00008513163,0.0002145681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996886,0.0001526811,0.00004265861,0.00004746158,0.000008431349,0.00006022281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001631855,0.0001472981,0.7648804,0.00002929374,0.00005660862,0.000006842416,0.003226995,0.00001692975,0.02452098,0.1716555,0.002282137,0.03301385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000199065,0.0001447611,0.9913428,0.00001943273,0.000006349884,0.00001162861,0.001040868,0.00003027243,0.0001071514,0.001865319,0.005079111,0.0001532093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9733625,0.0000371497,6.197606e-7,0.02572747,0.00002581443,0.0002017822,0.000008843636,0.000004620142,0.0006312176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980987,0.0000861649,0.00003011302,0.001666666,0.00003673968,0.000007256244,0.00001924879,6.826089e-7,0.00005437739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2264625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3232386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391605661","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.141005","title":"Estimating Demand for Lamb, Beef, Pork, and Poultry in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement","funders":"Mitacs; Université Laval","keywords":"Agricultural science; Business; Animal science; Agricultural economics; Economics; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Zakary Diakite","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006995209110659194,"gpt":0.1773039218656421,"spread":0.1703087127549829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005933113,0.0002013077,0.0004244514,0.0001274948,0.0000549038,0.0001646788,0.000182214,0.00008516108,0.0001093739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007469641,0.0002184702,0.00008221388,0.0000645617,0.0001261181,0.0002099341,0.00006333469,0.0001974839,0.00003499261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004037358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008745076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01817886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03412073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983938,0.00001010993,0.0006351231,0.0005419984,0.00001183356,0.00040716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991937,0.0004008767,0.00009538073,0.0001776446,0.000006117994,0.0001262756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002456471,0.00000918015,0.006439291,0.00008261142,0.00005454231,0.000008102097,0.0001047026,0.0005857664,0.000021578,0.9893273,0.002185642,0.001156752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001085355,0.00007281992,0.01046563,0.0001071487,0.00002599004,0.00004055888,0.0002605933,0.140942,0.00004452995,0.8318253,0.01416363,0.0009664199],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727815,0.001306667,0.002459455,0.01330517,0.0008185097,0.0002898739,0.0002187671,0.00003005596,0.008790029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933941,0.0001259344,0.003136119,0.00295405,0.0002442572,0.00004271083,0.00002651811,0.00003495085,0.00004130829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.157502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156088880","doi":"10.4236/tel.2014.49096","title":"The Optimal Hedge Ratio in Option Pricing: The Case of Exponentially Truncated Lévy Stable Distribution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Hedge; Distribution (mathematics); Economics; Lévy process; Mathematical economics; Valuation of options; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Econometrics; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Gigel Busca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emmanuel Haven","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franck Jovanovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chrıstophe Schınckus","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01237472103843842,"gpt":0.2058005027405715,"spread":0.1934257817021331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001199223,0.000147163,0.0002895219,0.00005540726,0.0002694682,0.00009758262,0.0003284626,0.00008127932,0.0000344518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003018337,0.000119731,0.00009242599,0.0001943249,0.0005657861,0.0001150896,0.00007768266,0.0001868277,0.00008328685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001264173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002312507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001786279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001010464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985616,0.00002348929,0.0007605048,0.0003137778,0.00001964045,0.0003209622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987215,0.0004064333,0.0003438258,0.0004424269,0.00003123877,0.00005462389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004890008,0.0000396185,0.00008081942,0.000009417997,0.00001370279,8.099256e-7,0.0001801908,0.001899822,0.0001615468,0.9967612,0.00005440255,0.0007495612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007904809,0.00006713817,0.001997517,0.00001373761,0.00001899209,0.00004280909,0.0001361319,0.1046203,0.0003128558,0.8848227,0.006859095,0.0003181983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4544995,0.00006475432,0.5400509,0.004450272,0.0001166429,0.0002191061,0.00007550232,0.00001142543,0.0005119551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986764,0.00006020595,0.0005872482,0.0003895512,0.0001072164,0.00008915971,0.00005865013,0.00001827623,0.00001325891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.544177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.488249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1591101827","doi":"10.4236/tel.2016.66115","title":"Rationalizing Irrational Beliefs","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Bank of Canada; Acadia University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Subgame perfect equilibrium; Mathematical economics; Irrational number; Sequential equilibrium; Markov perfect equilibrium; Extensive-form game; Class (philosophy); Subgame; Equilibrium selection; Economics; Sequential game; Computer science; Repeated game; Microeconomics; Game theory; Nash equilibrium; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Geoffrey R. Dunbar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ruqu Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoting Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01838283154205816,"gpt":0.2856630656936006,"spread":0.2672802341515424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004102075,0.0001009634,0.0001319957,0.00004141023,0.0003577607,0.0000628748,0.0002012708,0.00005163156,0.001862131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008579114,0.00008477525,0.00007093338,0.00002969352,0.001728513,0.0002724701,0.00006429085,0.00004736349,0.0005230162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003802604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006239171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004712231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001217495,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991004,0.00007309112,0.0002269474,0.0002359211,0.0000709351,0.0002926714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993966,0.0002814403,0.00005895667,0.0001278612,0.00002088212,0.0001142327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001039055,0.00001474636,0.001421106,4.033444e-7,0.00001157762,6.003849e-7,0.0009731919,0.000004095664,0.006911131,0.9889832,0.001057567,0.000611988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001721621,0.00007913496,0.003468494,0.0000457054,0.0000330449,0.000004225702,0.002068322,0.00005154135,0.008883634,0.8982705,0.08425983,0.001113947],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8060073,0.00002400495,0.0007478485,0.1184945,0.0004236661,0.000163003,0.00002111334,0.00007371169,0.07404485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934221,0.00008497531,0.0007194926,0.005126251,0.0003867405,0.0000281094,0.000003676438,0.00001412389,0.0002145583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1874147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2340008704","doi":"10.4236/tel.2016.62021","title":"Fairness in an Ultimatum Game","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ultimatum game; Index (typography); Economics; Communication source; Microeconomics; Explanatory power; Endowment; Value (mathematics); Game theory; Computer science; Statistics; Law; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed Gomaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Mestelman","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. M. Khalid Nainar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed Shehata","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01824760956927989,"gpt":0.3018517236100107,"spread":0.2836041140407308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004868634,0.0001349192,0.0002286486,0.00007489597,0.000105633,0.00006571783,0.0003564051,0.00007988005,0.0005303853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004308099,0.0001140308,0.00005976487,0.00004765297,0.001980502,0.0004232914,0.0000830881,0.00008147685,0.00028638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004872901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003802284,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002285522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009072684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987772,0.0001025191,0.0002713798,0.0003302907,0.0000492903,0.0004693123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993894,0.0001519245,0.00005540207,0.0002264552,0.00001172809,0.0001651155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003415797,0.00005016845,0.0131007,9.945692e-7,0.000004780562,0.000003825556,0.003481156,0.000006998863,0.007428339,0.9738826,0.00006659973,0.001939687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006726192,0.0004202827,0.05473039,0.0001704779,0.00005558971,0.000006159308,0.01683486,0.0007583773,0.0213043,0.8880627,0.007665318,0.003265411],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9676908,0.00000698221,0.0001528849,0.01585134,0.0002863166,0.0001809468,0.00000877057,0.00004879822,0.01577316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977809,0.0000591414,0.0002217459,0.00169559,0.0001331755,0.00003427402,0.000001447914,0.00002089928,0.00005287028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08581994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7297242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751158865","doi":"10.4236/tel.2017.76106","title":"Endogenous versus Exogenous Fairness Indices in Repeated Ultimatum Games","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ultimatum game; Construct (python library); Index (typography); Communication source; Inequity aversion; Social psychology; Stochastic game; Microeconomics; Economics; Psychology; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Inequality","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed Gomaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Mestelman","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. M. Khalid Nainar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed Shehata","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05115202394338729,"gpt":0.3162555644589265,"spread":0.2651035405155392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007219826,0.0002303726,0.0004057582,0.0001033808,0.000997102,0.0004058823,0.0009862746,0.0001412297,0.0002997446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002348564,0.0002584056,0.0001190933,0.0000374911,0.003594369,0.0004298601,0.0002815031,0.00023008,0.0002267308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006223022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008286422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003429344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003453688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981911,0.000123681,0.0004046104,0.0004842197,0.00009345081,0.0007028952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987036,0.000232777,0.0002558134,0.0006093595,0.00002027567,0.0001781976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003890171,0.0001385316,0.016883,0.000007061237,0.00006998269,0.00007889391,0.01652157,0.00005065214,0.003286219,0.9603483,0.00008822908,0.002138546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0583122,0.002654091,0.1361586,0.0006331129,0.0009815972,0.0001210845,0.1734158,0.002563868,0.1068766,0.4708676,0.03034532,0.01707016],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8845477,0.00006653188,0.000004838816,0.005326238,0.0009363219,0.0003096048,0.00001788976,0.00006513587,0.1087257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986398,0.000267849,0.0002163954,0.0005632511,0.0001899074,0.00003998265,0.000006998211,0.00003248961,0.00004330769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4894807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205891875","doi":"10.4236/tel.2022.121001","title":"Money and Economic Growth Revisited: A Note","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic theories and models","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Neutrality; Economics; Function (biology); State (computer science); Mathematical economics; Steady state (chemistry); Keynesian economics; Mathematics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Eric Kam","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Smithin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008178219954103068,"gpt":0.1836384239115641,"spread":0.175460203957461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001113878,0.0002912486,0.0006632495,0.0002376079,0.0003630765,0.000142279,0.0004841408,0.00007520906,0.003885674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004170988,0.0003911643,0.000189055,0.00005985435,0.0005027228,0.0002610966,0.0005403065,0.0003718215,0.0005461883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005869443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002552721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001681704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007793865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976818,0.00004918258,0.0008675433,0.0008339407,0.00001882474,0.0005486959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987316,0.000170312,0.0003387608,0.0005309509,0.000006149447,0.000222189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006934983,0.00002500275,0.001502477,0.00001197752,0.00005453604,0.000004114063,0.0003368725,0.001317105,0.00002723414,0.9949406,0.001544257,0.0001665083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001001597,0.0001059447,0.0004307293,0.00000360455,0.00001572213,0.00005425599,0.00009659425,0.01918034,0.00004485548,0.9387919,0.03961654,0.0006579503],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9403766,0.0006241302,0.003398715,0.01383387,0.000786942,0.0003496791,0.0009466344,0.00009629316,0.03958717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884468,0.0003395491,0.0007882706,0.009857694,0.0002196583,0.00008349022,0.00004001195,0.00007579182,0.0001487495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05614869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2893861840","doi":"10.4236/tel.2018.812173","title":"A Thermodynamic Model for the Global Economy and Its Implications for Macroeconomic Theory and Policy Formulation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Stantec (Canada)","funders":"Newcastle University","keywords":"Economics; Economic inequality; Capital (architecture); Inequality; Macroeconomics; Economy","authors":[{"name":"Stephen J. Palmer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harriet Alford","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01150372556892241,"gpt":0.2866443919008792,"spread":0.2751406663319568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000704204,0.0001617885,0.0001834529,0.00004498898,0.0003798417,0.0001082231,0.0002397761,0.00009656289,0.0000215017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002241191,0.0001323007,0.00008718115,0.00004158642,0.0008171209,0.0001553978,0.0001126745,0.00006329042,0.000005089144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002949792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009707354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003459536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001446632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988968,0.00005467219,0.0002491433,0.0003566086,0.00001492975,0.0004277898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985649,0.0008918651,0.00005683664,0.0002949006,0.00007238409,0.0001191172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004339077,0.0000108511,0.0000545435,0.0000194568,0.00005983256,1.965538e-8,0.0001211303,0.004919012,0.0001033275,0.9836233,0.00001765541,0.01063699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003725255,0.00003389832,0.0003247774,0.000001104519,0.0000169679,0.000003372664,0.00003208045,0.4367587,0.00002189166,0.5617818,0.0005672154,0.00008564482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8582856,0.00006214566,0.0918897,0.04321786,0.00003832907,0.000895395,0.0001717702,0.00003667641,0.005402496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943297,0.00003483926,0.0003431731,0.004667456,0.0002132929,0.0003128318,0.0000192539,0.0000232909,0.00005615844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4318397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5395064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2975883994","doi":"10.4236/tel.2019.97148","title":"Information Processing and Financial Market Price Adjustments","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Bank of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Comparative statics; Economics; Variety (cybernetics); Microeconomics; Information processing; Financial market; Financial economics; Finance; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Edwin H. Neave","is_ca":true},{"name":"William R. Scott","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006124378897077825,"gpt":0.1721312549066098,"spread":0.166006876009532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004093675,0.0001729127,0.0003128423,0.0001362571,0.00007971306,0.0001902378,0.0001583846,0.00009592818,0.00124699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007130957,0.0001930688,0.00005669647,0.0000752245,0.0002464266,0.001015866,0.00007589004,0.0001356337,0.0006119936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008446875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002405675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000112392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.789123e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989008,0.00001189653,0.0005094632,0.0002369174,0.00002112344,0.0003197798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994391,0.00004183088,0.0002275663,0.0001948028,0.00001174069,0.00008493318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005426293,0.00001541091,0.00441249,0.00005384343,0.000007956035,3.36179e-7,0.0002326754,0.00001683079,0.00001226792,0.9926246,0.0009596699,0.00160966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002035095,0.0002069003,0.1494597,0.0000628446,0.00001347938,0.00001146198,0.000184462,0.01339185,0.00005806217,0.7228525,0.1107524,0.0009712522],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8155925,0.0001448818,0.0007231414,0.002034144,0.0003200343,0.0002722924,0.00004767557,0.00003362361,0.1808317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907925,0.0001648029,0.0005011981,0.008310296,0.00007288976,0.00001806651,0.00001512554,0.00001576552,0.0001093838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2697721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1817915728","doi":"10.4236/tel.2015.54064","title":"Fluctuations in Base Metals Prices","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Market liquidity; Economics; Monetary economics; Base (topology); Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Nguyen Bao Anh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aggey Semenov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02537358857073922,"gpt":0.2212768085318738,"spread":0.1959032199611345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001781683,0.0001616385,0.0004059932,0.0002264049,0.0000363857,0.00008663053,0.000283989,0.00008496828,0.000891896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000350715,0.0001893539,0.0001035341,0.0001493867,0.0002819861,0.0002314099,0.0000864332,0.0001764634,0.0003317873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002127451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002665293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008460237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005757151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984828,0.00003325761,0.00069632,0.0004269656,0.00002219067,0.0003384276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990446,0.0001596421,0.0001717513,0.000412545,0.00001548379,0.0001959799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002586759,0.00005052547,0.01786793,0.00000569348,0.00001889745,0.000002301656,0.0001745546,0.0006531776,0.000009180565,0.9809096,0.0002033772,0.00007890767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006242911,0.00002296267,0.007734326,0.000003818031,0.000004637787,0.000001989897,0.00004656194,0.2486274,0.000009537618,0.7396002,0.003058296,0.0002659932],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9164525,0.0001110668,0.01176532,0.008118026,0.0003220932,0.0001976897,0.00009611378,0.00003097668,0.06290618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949911,0.00003312161,0.002454747,0.002319728,0.00007247837,0.00002464286,0.00002442567,0.0000236482,0.00005613013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2479742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9765635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210874302","doi":"10.4236/tel.2022.121010","title":"Determinants of Large Shifts in Official Development Aid Allocation by Major Countries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"China; Conditionality; Resource allocation; Affect (linguistics); Economics; Language change; Development economics; Aid effectiveness; Public economics; Political science; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Developing country; Politics; Sociology; Law; Market economy","authors":[{"name":"Njato Rabehajaina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kodjovi Assoé","is_ca":true},{"name":"Komlan Sedzro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006231524767178325,"gpt":0.2478788806011177,"spread":0.2416473558339393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001019247,0.00007171791,0.0001311701,0.00008007664,0.0002349074,0.00002259735,0.0002616885,0.00002992421,0.001254454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004214804,0.00008419969,0.00002668226,0.00006341022,0.000282816,0.00008680925,0.00009321666,0.0000897589,0.00002603637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003441695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002015829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007007059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005689897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990292,0.00009754203,0.0003111872,0.0001475336,0.0001614069,0.0002531997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996927,0.0001059877,0.00009108396,0.00005530866,0.00001717944,0.00003768355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007172344,0.00005716119,0.007141346,0.000004091636,0.000008099433,0.000001841406,0.005936984,0.00004914869,0.0001013022,0.9857404,0.0005999532,0.0002879229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007675316,0.0002541901,0.0789087,0.0001304759,0.00005398918,0.000004337965,0.01577928,0.00499997,0.02071436,0.2032658,0.6654765,0.002737145],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896357,0.000008515289,0.0001088951,0.006202145,0.0002571346,0.0001315958,0.00002832613,0.00001086135,0.003616841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971651,0.00001074192,0.0001799823,0.002459812,0.00004007762,0.00002749418,0.00002699698,0.00000782697,0.00008200052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7824747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071937614","doi":"10.4236/tel.2015.51011","title":"Income Disparities: The Case of Unskilled Workers in Canada (1996-2010)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Canadian Industrial Relations Association; Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Workforce; Categorical variable; Disadvantage; Demographic economics; Economics; Welfare; Inequality; Labour economics; Population; Economic growth; Political science; Sociology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Samir Amine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Phillippe Scrimger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02779205084996612,"gpt":0.3040368257405123,"spread":0.2762447748905462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008433161,0.0001394896,0.0003336641,0.00004715218,0.0001704676,0.000004884581,0.0002160267,0.00005812944,0.0001404184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002029686,0.0000980679,0.0000424572,0.00008135962,0.0005262086,0.00004777861,0.0001809016,0.0003801566,0.00002015344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006833456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006186618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8031144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.920074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984598,0.0003367186,0.0005416534,0.0001714946,0.00005672832,0.0004336207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980204,0.001380147,0.000132209,0.0003046932,0.00003109084,0.000131449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001104786,0.0000124981,0.6065469,0.00002983229,0.00004239626,0.00008165991,0.001790622,0.0001628552,0.000002072688,0.3826264,0.008471234,0.0001230819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01295446,0.0003021398,0.4452467,0.0008629787,0.0002433292,0.0001221367,0.1717337,0.00465975,0.00006205148,0.3524836,0.009218847,0.002110347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9351206,0.00004117207,0.00001878829,0.05960509,0.0007842223,0.0003286285,0.00002867877,0.0000118129,0.004061023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929597,0.00002020133,0.00003063261,0.006752332,0.00008616191,0.000053476,0.000004128447,0.00001872229,0.00007460357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1699431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3999093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400050261","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.143053","title":"Local Tax Determinants an Unbalanced Panel Data Analysis: Evidence in Moroccan Municipalities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation","keywords":"Panel data; Local government; Tax revenue; Economics; Revenue; Public economics; Econometric analysis; Econometric model; Tax reform; Population; Econometrics; Geography; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Lina Benabdellah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Othmane Fahim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1030583598699772,"gpt":0.2859717217634315,"spread":0.1829133618934543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001771529,0.0003359386,0.0008993562,0.000688891,0.00007463982,0.0003432349,0.00145039,0.0001784442,0.0005042419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001530429,0.0003897647,0.0001982077,0.0004221053,0.0009141519,0.001365322,0.00039177,0.0003986777,0.0006571955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003261646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004225556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001101099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001031593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966233,0.00007337004,0.001223947,0.001298851,0.00002946818,0.0007510598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975628,0.000408008,0.0001678442,0.001616002,0.000006343043,0.0002389691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006045985,0.00004472357,0.01205765,0.00006438512,0.0002312769,0.00002974919,0.0009039745,0.002727953,0.00001308587,0.9824524,0.0002398532,0.001174502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002715857,0.00005432355,0.01066479,0.0000700707,0.00008082659,0.000009473045,0.0002853319,0.6465715,0.00003963873,0.3404447,0.0009297368,0.0005779964],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846632,0.0008601084,0.00444023,0.004390221,0.0004340997,0.0001885099,0.0009369904,0.00009321002,0.003993423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961218,0.0002309674,0.0002771766,0.002877935,0.000230237,0.00002964351,0.0001130352,0.00005469991,0.00006451092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6438436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404831137","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.146113","title":"The Economics of War and Peace: Understanding Economic Incentives and Search for Sustainable Peace","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Health and Conflict Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Algoma University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Peace economics; Economics; Sustainable development; Political science; Positive economics; Peace and conflict studies; Neoclassical economics; Microeconomics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Jong Soue You","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04341500515816664,"gpt":0.3644609963624835,"spread":0.3210459912043169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001712697,0.0001571147,0.0003105247,0.00008206467,0.00103403,0.00005627114,0.0001346932,0.0000984858,0.00003403315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000743268,0.0001250076,0.0000575617,0.00002770122,0.001207207,0.0001433641,0.0002331845,0.00031664,0.00001354157],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005250426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002752521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000529789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002640127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983344,0.0001295867,0.0004871634,0.0003273766,0.0000235946,0.0006978532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958594,0.003692772,0.00007681353,0.0001848184,0.00002430229,0.0001618384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000151893,0.000003427101,0.0004385227,0.0005884155,0.00006067934,8.032889e-7,0.006800944,0.00002179813,0.00001739507,0.9899324,0.00139457,0.0005892225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003305904,0.0005077375,0.001358785,0.0004221087,0.0001964367,0.00001042287,0.1809846,0.0476143,0.0002439137,0.2586333,0.5057756,0.0009469485],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9081697,0.002930118,0.001264328,0.08188859,0.0003385781,0.001021971,0.00004965709,0.0000390276,0.004298039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830164,0.01391844,0.0000820218,0.002349298,0.0002220061,0.00009378888,0.000004709102,0.000036552,0.0002767888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.731299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7953024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408993208","doi":"10.4236/tel.2025.152017","title":"Is Trump’s America Going?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"International Relations in Latin America","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Mathematical economics","authors":[{"name":"Giovanni Antonio Cossiga","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009649275021443263,"gpt":0.3087258259528657,"spread":0.2990765509314225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003682259,0.0001125097,0.0001672726,0.0001312005,0.0003138853,0.0001048814,0.0004227553,0.00008038912,0.004418169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005440165,0.0001243932,0.0001170167,0.0002000805,0.002360117,0.0001151959,0.00007690863,0.000195949,0.001205921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003375808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001244664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001094105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002428137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988974,0.0001301859,0.0002753869,0.0002648121,0.0001144565,0.0003177036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987925,0.0007513526,0.0000826852,0.0002512514,0.00003961571,0.00008258693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001573243,0.00001603491,0.0004788131,0.000001572112,0.00003745361,3.837598e-7,0.001232836,0.0001099343,0.00005229286,0.9804193,0.01340516,0.00423042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001775892,0.000009157115,0.0003514501,0.00001628822,0.00002241578,4.713611e-7,0.0002653127,0.001232989,0.00005586717,0.3263773,0.6713031,0.0001880876],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1514311,0.00001413426,0.01593724,0.1292367,0.0006190792,0.000145584,0.00001337465,0.00008075163,0.702522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9361689,0.00008195632,0.006232093,0.05420472,0.0001991341,0.00001729935,0.000007234718,0.00001409785,0.003074548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7847379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989656745","doi":"10.4236/tel.2013.36056","title":"Cycles and Rationalization","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Rationalization (economics); Mathematical economics; Sequence (biology); Finite set; Microeconomics; Economics; Set (abstract data type); Context (archaeology); Computer science; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Patrick de Lamirande","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01062139966791212,"gpt":0.1760500928860483,"spread":0.1654286932181362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004096058,0.0001048961,0.0002114155,0.00007843898,0.00007170597,0.0001283022,0.000108892,0.00005615295,0.001530075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007071086,0.0001182756,0.0000424523,0.00003699439,0.0003054547,0.0002222131,0.00003514975,0.000069694,0.001531801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003284974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000299335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002411819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001039049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991437,0.00002412185,0.0003816984,0.0002558008,0.000009480906,0.0001852174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995074,0.0001102171,0.0001256043,0.0001687554,0.000008924339,0.00007904615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003464812,0.000009177971,0.005237181,0.000007811566,0.0000145428,1.646321e-7,0.0001352916,0.00008328552,0.0001491941,0.9938728,0.0003185803,0.0001684627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002528548,0.00001567134,0.00926069,0.000006339424,0.000002606966,0.000006477967,0.00003683905,0.007898793,0.00008865086,0.9808695,0.001365272,0.0001963227],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659207,0.00008762808,0.007227721,0.006584688,0.0002011168,0.0001761172,0.00001504644,0.00004099257,0.01974595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965053,0.00002772186,0.0003801378,0.002798439,0.0001277181,0.0000252979,0.00001090585,0.000018559,0.000105882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0305846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979415593","doi":"10.4236/tel.2019.97157","title":"International Diversification, Excessive Growth, and Corporate Governance","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Diversification (marketing strategy); Corporate governance; Business; Earnings; Earnings growth; Capital (architecture); External financing; Adverse selection; Finance; Monetary economics; Economics; Accounting; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"Mengyang Guo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Justin Yiqiang Jin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mary Li Zhi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00802878146879773,"gpt":0.1668174853370667,"spread":0.158788703868269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109098,0.0001257067,0.0001413571,0.00003765314,0.0000514201,0.0001592381,0.0002698141,0.00003820769,0.000543031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003583301,0.0001282023,0.00003807786,0.00007545362,0.0002377837,0.0008537037,0.0001287512,0.00009118319,0.0008011123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003070596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007623203,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003796474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003121898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992881,0.000003877703,0.0001746451,0.0002971453,0.00007032773,0.0001658692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993708,0.00003781664,0.0003706426,0.0001669512,0.00004181901,0.00001197763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005538531,0.00001155015,0.08108298,0.00001836777,0.0000131339,0.000003045279,0.00001014798,0.00005137238,0.0007253613,0.9161763,0.0014049,0.0004475205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00269257,0.00002070742,0.6677338,0.0000821648,0.00005907959,0.00000872936,0.00007291754,0.01118212,0.0003550443,0.2449075,0.07191382,0.0009714586],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9522931,0.000009213257,0.0003630673,0.01944474,0.0005953978,0.0001202293,0.00001663361,0.00003236241,0.02712528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987642,0.0001089872,0.00006711028,0.01164471,0.0004208167,0.000005568372,0.00001791689,0.00001545043,0.00007741367],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6712687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793899541","doi":"10.4236/tel.2018.83034","title":"A Behavioral Economic Study of Tax Rate Selection by the Median Voter: Can the Tax Rate Be Influenced by the Name of the Publicly Provided Private Good?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Public good; Private good; Framing effect; Public economics; Economics; Context (archaeology); Tax rate; Health care; Actuarial science; Microeconomics; Monetary economics; Psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Noel J. Buckley","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Cameron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Katherine Cuff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeremiah Hurley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart Mestelman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stéphanie Thomas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02332955592081986,"gpt":0.2149233808226688,"spread":0.191593824901849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002548707,0.0003238369,0.000509763,0.00006896049,0.0004234771,0.0001579992,0.001259987,0.0001262547,0.0003772063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007916128,0.0002040803,0.0002020576,0.0001305259,0.002123054,0.0002831396,0.0002829471,0.0003778271,0.00008539791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004364195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004733669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002257811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001364116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973192,0.0003289758,0.001252544,0.0005837313,0.00005045703,0.0004650888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974382,0.0003164295,0.001173338,0.000975088,0.00001912891,0.00007783148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003542256,0.0007763064,0.2524932,0.00002759438,0.0007599698,3.958355e-7,0.01011999,0.002320812,0.008490041,0.7060124,0.01710597,0.001539125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01704855,0.005174278,0.4681407,0.00009080011,0.001018972,0.00005411667,0.01198741,0.08222621,0.07581906,0.2995296,0.03457041,0.004340005],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9538361,0.00003032362,0.0001182889,0.04324683,0.0004450224,0.001316846,0.0005065359,0.00001548424,0.0004845702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995399,0.00004335754,0.00001977206,0.004012895,0.0001343413,0.0001594205,0.00002516831,0.0000506227,0.0001554191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4064828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8322152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392395032","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.141012","title":"Stability and Instability in the “Alternative Monetary Model” (AMM)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Instability; Keynesian economics; Physics; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"John Smithin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Kam","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02633169616593359,"gpt":0.2235921409925406,"spread":0.197260444826607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002444015,0.0002187832,0.0003909663,0.0001510899,0.00007180748,0.0001952583,0.0003936114,0.00009556185,0.0005229617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009350268,0.000201223,0.0001253139,0.0001013928,0.0009580342,0.0003504862,0.0001041876,0.0004196564,0.0002499043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001793006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002134396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001266125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000706121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981921,0.00009578025,0.0006864063,0.0006377371,0.00001156437,0.0003764266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987097,0.0006212825,0.00007986204,0.0004969853,0.000004141933,0.00008807514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003745269,0.00003385882,0.001949006,0.00003580744,0.00002845917,0.000004260508,0.003268505,0.0009873237,0.00001620538,0.9931794,0.00006241208,0.0003972735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002045162,0.00002175524,0.001052718,0.000008542206,0.000005175872,0.000007541511,0.000125014,0.1357849,0.00004454283,0.8616007,0.0009270229,0.0002175648],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9550035,0.0005491887,0.001744332,0.01534594,0.0002567795,0.0002794322,0.000275759,0.00004045873,0.02650464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941069,0.0002340777,0.0001785798,0.005246511,0.0001463956,0.00003672171,0.00001056595,0.0000260151,0.00001420327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1347976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8205637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387884307","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135071","title":"Economic Natural Selection: Interpretation of Natural Selection as Economic Selection in the Evolutionary Process","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Algoma University","funders":"","keywords":"Natural selection; Selection (genetic algorithm); Process (computing); Natural resource; Natural (archaeology); Group selection; Interpretation (philosophy); Economics; Computer science; Microeconomics; Ecology; Artificial intelligence; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jong Soue You","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006644312589723478,"gpt":0.2228751489110428,"spread":0.2162308363213193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001378214,0.0003252597,0.0005634471,0.0007170632,0.0002739336,0.0001164417,0.0005474992,0.0001776103,0.0008135843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001220768,0.0003529369,0.0002642522,0.0003776154,0.0006151768,0.0009171562,0.00006308599,0.0005707137,0.00208631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001077617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001406849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001700452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000327773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997315,0.0001217121,0.001259012,0.000721084,0.00003272863,0.000550445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987969,0.0003461167,0.0005199037,0.0002393112,0.00002384212,0.0000738797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002050826,0.00004173024,0.005821072,0.00002607723,0.00007816735,8.495113e-7,0.0007566595,0.07300249,0.0001673034,0.9190178,0.0006372463,0.0002455526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001018312,0.0001507858,0.01447109,0.00003213419,0.00002526559,0.000108709,0.0005154204,0.5451207,0.0005360831,0.4360194,0.001395163,0.0006070012],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840102,0.0001041563,0.0005375379,0.003807155,0.001389132,0.0004953453,0.00008472965,0.0001299039,0.009441823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979194,0.0001062887,0.0001109449,0.001086731,0.0004063172,0.000119371,0.00008968591,0.00004357702,0.0001176268],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4829984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366811071","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.132019","title":"Revisiting the AA-DD Model in Zero Lower Bound","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Zero lower bound; Economics; Exchange rate; Government spending; Zero (linguistics); Monetary economics; Interest rate; Econometrics; Welfare","authors":[{"name":"Charles Olivier Mao Takongmo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04447229205973152,"gpt":0.2239963129552247,"spread":0.1795240208954932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001806129,0.0002530793,0.0005158276,0.0002837452,0.0001607194,0.000178577,0.0005395838,0.0001212791,0.0007572822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001522095,0.0002517012,0.000211264,0.0002001976,0.0004855549,0.0002844177,0.0001564873,0.0003616742,0.004764477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002067457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001294602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001042298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008858421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976782,0.00003443167,0.000920962,0.0005495356,0.00002007847,0.0007967437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987079,0.0003013713,0.0002231214,0.0006316309,0.000002953108,0.0001330584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003269325,0.00001008311,0.002386185,0.00001070233,0.00003236426,0.000006169076,0.0003705837,0.104066,0.00002048952,0.8908151,0.001870002,0.0003796779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003832845,0.00001159709,0.002737402,0.00001097301,0.00000438179,0.000004676908,0.00002649781,0.5148306,0.0000114844,0.4787496,0.0029355,0.0002939055],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.938652,0.00007990279,0.001488185,0.03532987,0.0003730695,0.0002148856,0.0001145747,0.00007529339,0.02367222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880736,0.0002508724,0.0001583188,0.01081309,0.0003459071,0.00002831888,0.00002258566,0.00005473516,0.0002525752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4120654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047811118","doi":"10.4236/tel.2012.21005","title":"Social Protection in a Matching Model: The Case of Basic Income","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Basic income; Inefficiency; Economics; Redistribution (election); Matching (statistics); Social protection; Poverty; Redistribution of income and wealth; Balance (ability); Labour economics; Social insurance; Public economics; Microeconomics; Market economy; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"Samir Amine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pedro Lages Dos Santos","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02164515530736711,"gpt":0.2311051599660369,"spread":0.2094600046586698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002163253,0.0001343285,0.0003334807,0.0001238083,0.00009387749,0.0000358171,0.0001910237,0.00009171132,0.00008050507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006621514,0.0001257813,0.0001201044,0.000121115,0.0003012991,0.0002129488,0.00009244119,0.0002589544,0.00002520859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001657279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000946472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003949155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006089301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987015,0.00006265735,0.0006601941,0.0002100035,0.00001399548,0.00035165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993232,0.00009744074,0.0002614518,0.0002532285,0.000008767974,0.00005585107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003403224,0.00004949134,0.002514099,0.00002187492,0.00001811812,0.000004048125,0.00115746,0.001412914,0.00003170932,0.99433,0.000003022467,0.0004231694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003491419,0.00001059159,0.003113205,0.000005933823,0.00000559521,0.00003034905,0.00009606904,0.06461003,0.00002762269,0.9315284,0.00003078875,0.0001922193],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783426,0.00003521372,0.01305949,0.005173531,0.0001532422,0.0002297427,0.00007297029,0.00001393769,0.002919302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986354,0.000012687,0.0002322403,0.000926744,0.0001262845,0.00003285582,0.000002876998,0.00002500905,0.000005936726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06319711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.512921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077189368","doi":"10.4236/tel.2012.21006","title":"Two-Part Tariff Lottery: A Means to Provide Public Good at the Social Optimum","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Lottery; Public good; Tariff; Pareto principle; Microeconomics; Set (abstract data type); Economics; Public economics; Pareto optimal; Business; Computer science; International economics; Operations management","authors":[{"name":"Amornrat Apinunmahakul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vicky Barham","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0304253465898369,"gpt":0.3041962520678044,"spread":0.2737709054779675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001399198,0.0002559377,0.0003330969,0.00006375815,0.001448086,0.0002577203,0.000655144,0.0001001624,0.001306656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000947364,0.0002239724,0.0001894534,0.0001111843,0.002604152,0.0004369831,0.000537025,0.0002282275,0.001274182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001211615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007174783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003609522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001228096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976578,0.0002681627,0.0003944866,0.0003838208,0.0001397885,0.00115593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988648,0.0002589078,0.0001210527,0.0003205183,0.00002540631,0.000409334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003746036,0.00007581919,0.005418882,0.00000171407,0.00004925922,6.809022e-7,0.01463623,0.00001529318,0.0008241085,0.9709046,0.007541568,0.0004943965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002623116,0.0002314398,0.002457861,0.00002647941,0.0002831276,0.00001584549,0.04951972,0.000136453,0.005308642,0.0310892,0.9053713,0.002936788],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.78401,0.00003715016,0.00004437256,0.1567198,0.0007827587,0.0005144635,0.00004043416,0.00006879385,0.05778226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9761055,0.00001815214,0.0003632632,0.02155565,0.001390914,0.0001611948,0.0000119188,0.00004460937,0.0003488733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9398154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605524654","doi":"10.4236/tel.2017.73036","title":"On Deviating from Absolute Priority: The Case of Tort Claims and Active Creditors","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics Letters","topic":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Creditor; Bankruptcy; Tort; Harm; Business; Position (finance); Obligation; Economics; Actuarial science; Law and economics; Finance; Law; Debt; Liability; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Joshua Okeyo Anyangah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01020629133933031,"gpt":0.2078363946272019,"spread":0.1976301032878716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002835123,0.0001188813,0.0001712523,0.00002242474,0.0003410659,0.0002271903,0.0002707539,0.00004607494,0.00006915385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002082519,0.00009214802,0.00005235452,0.00001664039,0.0006009202,0.0004270399,0.0001926627,0.0001496631,0.00002267855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000237616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000872466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008413896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002030893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993932,0.000009611716,0.0001920949,0.0002110619,0.000041338,0.0001526928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988872,0.0002807214,0.0004030763,0.0003961246,0.00002093436,0.00001193563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001101267,0.00001728858,0.001867126,0.00001506225,0.0000353718,0.00005884296,0.00007686665,0.00002237371,0.0001717629,0.9899369,0.0006931365,0.006995128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001278191,0.00003424952,0.09383196,0.0001451867,0.0001746072,0.00001981914,0.0003474771,0.0211382,0.0005884239,0.8776003,0.004226906,0.0006146798],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887849,0.000007808544,0.0001009322,0.006380511,0.0006400187,0.0001097239,0.00002211786,0.00001265817,0.003941294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953583,0.000009134055,0.0000425019,0.003099616,0.001465608,0.000004219888,0.000003107489,0.00001332633,0.000004188719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1123366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3757688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}