{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":84,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":84,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"c5962a798161","filters":{"venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress"}},"results":[{"id":"W3134500710","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100887","title":"Thermal transport of radiative Williamson fluid over stretchable curved surface","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fanshawe College","funders":"","keywords":"Curvilinear coordinates; Nusselt number; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Mechanics; Curvature; Thermal radiation; Flow (mathematics); Partial differential equation; Ordinary differential equation; Reynolds number; Physics; Heat transfer; Coordinate system; Fluid dynamics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Thermodynamics; Differential equation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007346726638229893,"gpt":0.2042555750006901,"spread":0.1969088483624602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003106545,0.0001758125,0.0002254391,0.00005771179,0.00006541379,0.00003055144,0.0001759191,0.00006714007,0.00008524078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000065759,0.0001624629,0.00004530667,0.0005289579,0.000192246,0.0003585595,0.00001815466,0.0001301433,0.000002856631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003978069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007160399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001244174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002250477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987698,0.00000786181,0.0001911817,0.0002208883,0.000345008,0.0004652677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995456,0.00002124299,0.000009352694,0.000179187,0.00009723108,0.0001473678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001159185,0.00003174867,0.006279981,0.0001850463,0.00003799871,0.0000217395,0.001108653,0.2367486,0.7490931,0.000560535,0.000009723255,0.005911319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006216032,0.00007205022,0.1804717,0.0001088134,0.00003346801,0.000007000581,0.00006638538,0.2033043,0.6141283,0.000005935884,0.0007384398,0.0004420548],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949321,0.003350684,0.0006413778,0.00004056652,0.0002283551,0.0001109585,0.00001529152,0.000158525,0.0005221456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989526,0.0001615746,0.0007701991,0.000008252692,0.00004629611,0.00000698568,0.000003192242,0.00002660273,0.00002424479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1741917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6625046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361208042","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101808","title":"A review of the state-of-the-art on thermal insulation performance of polymeric foams","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Aerogels and thermal insulation","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Thermal insulation; Composite material; Thermal conductivity; Vacuum insulated panel; Cork; Building insulation; Thermal","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02848955733712569,"gpt":0.2805573911636112,"spread":0.2520678338264855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004856458,0.0002109947,0.0005380774,0.00005353321,0.00007734547,0.00001110698,0.0006071459,0.00006848328,0.00001798885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005222396,0.0001146035,0.0001626426,0.0009303547,0.0003721169,0.0001051606,0.0001941581,0.0001987457,0.000002611923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003751667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001440901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006751677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.033175e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985623,0.00002092248,0.0004949527,0.0001996808,0.0005006638,0.0002214577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988793,0.00004554548,0.0005270125,0.0004206646,0.00009038853,0.00003712654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005368603,0.00002568165,0.0000857276,0.08550047,0.00003444886,1.984147e-7,0.00009032711,0.000419682,0.001996431,0.00005409948,0.000001181988,0.9117864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006025222,0.0003168072,0.0230334,0.8256345,0.001046659,0.00003797692,0.00001743948,0.01632352,0.04127725,0.00001411559,0.09014644,0.001549363],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1753498,0.8239583,6.476217e-7,0.000009202462,0.0001195672,0.0002781876,0.00001642542,0.00002420654,0.0002436562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1651601,0.834629,0.00001237415,0.000007282303,0.00003508767,0.00003811775,0.000003400682,0.0000304703,0.00008420871],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.910237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4673394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321793509","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101745","title":"Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Novel Ejector-Injection Cascade Refrigeration System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Refrigerant; Refrigeration; Injector; Evaporator; Cascade; Vapor-compression refrigeration; Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Heat exchanger; Cooling capacity; Gas compressor; Transcritical cycle; Thermodynamics; Thermal expansion valve; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02533163229258453,"gpt":0.2525918323563675,"spread":0.227260200063783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001033775,0.00009949712,0.00009354955,0.0002655166,0.0001579743,0.00006468686,0.0001272675,0.00005557148,0.000004701769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003420924,0.00008844284,0.00001498764,0.0008340564,0.000120938,0.0004295153,0.00002852751,0.00008454734,0.000006264333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001149076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003782822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003574923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.286002e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999001,0.00000701521,0.0001565287,0.000142552,0.0004802808,0.0002125794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996363,0.0000108883,0.00002967845,0.0001343023,0.000155214,0.00003364189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001827686,0.000004757165,0.0002021304,0.00009810124,0.000006939897,3.303252e-7,0.0003304353,0.6616037,0.2959172,0.0003612057,0.000006809156,0.04146654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001565556,0.00003041325,0.05309005,0.00006555712,0.000008263516,0.00000544667,0.00009702965,0.8558702,0.09056076,8.233217e-7,0.00002108417,0.00009381133],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973913,0.0001077447,0.0003802342,0.00001989984,0.0002880274,0.0001826215,0.000002209742,0.001143098,0.0004848394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994573,0.00001136694,0.0003909105,0.000001160088,0.00004364506,0.0000713694,0.000004103698,0.00001251962,0.00000761002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2053564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3606595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392301515","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102485","title":"Advanced Cascaded Recompression Absorption System Equipped with Ejector and Vapor-Injection Enhanced Vapor Compression Refrigeration System: ANN based Multi-Objective Optimization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Absorption refrigerator; Vapor-compression refrigeration; Refrigeration; Exergy; Injector; Process engineering; Gas compressor; Condenser (optics); Computer science; Cooling capacity; Working fluid; Mechanical engineering; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Refrigerant; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007778153822158584,"gpt":0.2223999036644545,"spread":0.2146217498422959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003160588,0.0002349709,0.0001878965,0.0003421213,0.0003437096,0.0003702125,0.0001073457,0.0001192326,0.000004088324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001829909,0.0001846279,0.00001980071,0.0006092165,0.0001399663,0.000912988,0.00003214715,0.0001900824,0.000002157891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002819707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004243887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009234175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001924977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987425,0.00002283349,0.0002312085,0.000407777,0.0003059113,0.0002898342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995338,0.00003110038,0.00005013888,0.0001663091,0.0001307741,0.00008789266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002756513,0.000008505623,0.00002214707,0.0006554637,0.00001267506,0.000007224544,0.0002798335,0.7446797,0.2347727,0.0001022691,0.000003642146,0.01942828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003536697,0.000119084,0.001563541,0.001174076,0.00001667703,0.00003273462,0.0002434585,0.8947248,0.1015229,6.765083e-7,0.00001813753,0.000230188],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6817431,0.0008293014,0.3128068,0.0000304166,0.0006126912,0.0005577614,0.00001003217,0.003279024,0.0001308158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841061,0.00002563743,0.01557787,0.000002447918,0.00005150228,0.0001649131,0.00002547279,0.00003470757,0.00001137595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3023629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7528906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009158332","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100484","title":"Optimizing rectangular fins for natural convection cooling using CFD","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Fin; Annular fin; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Natural convection; Heat sink; Materials science; Laminar flow; Convective heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01752034289745615,"gpt":0.2316706348906428,"spread":0.2141502919931867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000174342,0.0001118508,0.0001065297,0.00005780824,0.0001345619,0.00009310312,0.0001001734,0.0000375839,0.000003306312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000251271,0.0001099487,0.00002192943,0.0003602946,0.00006454268,0.0003525163,0.00001414069,0.00009671273,6.401536e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004420743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002013135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002394718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.26181e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992929,0.00000301926,0.0001106734,0.0001629456,0.0001394199,0.0002910226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997535,0.00001459353,0.000006288371,0.00005313754,0.00005749249,0.000114981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001182227,0.000002365838,0.0000330248,0.0001180623,0.00000832669,0.00000117506,0.001342232,0.8404335,0.1497087,0.00006353488,0.000002879469,0.008274342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001755733,0.0000276257,0.0002740721,0.00002799164,0.00001080368,0.000004375955,0.00003928844,0.9666202,0.03249706,8.77935e-7,0.000174992,0.0001471129],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7936868,0.001128263,0.2038742,0.00007543235,0.0004256399,0.000273196,0.000003372488,0.0004768831,0.000056218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980004,0.00002031242,0.01976575,0.00003004508,0.0001411026,0.00001317684,0.000002052114,0.00002277566,8.510061e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1863171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4483579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376865232","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101908","title":"Optimal battery preheating in critical subzero ambient condition using different preheating arrangement and advance pyro linear thermal insulation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Battery (electricity); Nuclear engineering; Thermal; Electric heating; Heating system; Heat transfer; Joule heating; Thermal insulation; Automotive engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Composite material; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02871108924547655,"gpt":0.3225598071600106,"spread":0.293848717914534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003842578,0.0001938802,0.0001745332,0.0003315794,0.0001638312,0.00009141563,0.0001741135,0.00006600429,0.000005865923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000122999,0.0001835933,0.00001445159,0.000688723,0.0003999486,0.0006318837,0.0002117389,0.0002682997,0.000002002884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001617576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001379697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003902606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.265918e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983645,0.00001443234,0.0002335554,0.000327232,0.0003967164,0.0006635442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995726,0.00009834203,0.00002061969,0.0001617604,0.00005010152,0.00009652369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007984412,0.0000136766,0.007828897,0.00019924,0.000004553097,0.0000129291,0.0004449429,0.5870391,0.3845916,0.00005762524,3.756663e-7,0.01979908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001848572,0.00004815989,0.194718,0.0001650105,0.000003112839,0.000005540089,0.0001444671,0.7799523,0.02457937,0.00001249294,0.000007758492,0.0001789055],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941414,0.0002853586,0.004488809,0.0001033298,0.0001320978,0.0002922421,0.000004282142,0.000535085,0.00001741472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953683,0.00003962507,0.004420453,0.000005710259,0.00004998,0.00008034049,0.000003450087,0.00003036673,0.000001798265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3600122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7486716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2988905298","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100441","title":"Performance comparison of the thermal behavior of xylitol and erythritol in a double spiral coil latent heat storage system","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Erythritol; Subcooling; Thermal energy storage; Materials science; Phase-change material; Xylitol; Thermosiphon; Volumetric flow rate; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Heat transfer; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02551148252409502,"gpt":0.2674782368042717,"spread":0.2419667542801767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004136018,0.0001116945,0.0002213657,0.0001005386,0.00003325579,0.00003172523,0.0002534409,0.00004143397,0.000005058776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000253038,0.00008074779,0.000015523,0.0002957176,0.0002020582,0.0001991595,0.0001263669,0.0001111745,0.00000100353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005681954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000217395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002796832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001709884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990371,0.000009326724,0.0001851768,0.0001345465,0.0003366237,0.0002972598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996868,0.00001061865,0.00002362487,0.000182636,0.00004073037,0.0000556148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000387836,0.00003641482,0.1631954,0.001113416,0.000006189047,0.000002294597,0.001396134,0.05497326,0.7751389,0.00002706198,8.549816e-7,0.004071312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005871082,0.00008566671,0.3092718,0.0003139863,0.000006250115,0.000007023398,0.00008514254,0.3888289,0.3006785,5.42798e-8,0.00001105611,0.0001246303],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998684,0.0005147082,0.000001267954,0.000008182426,0.0002327665,0.0003887422,0.000004508661,0.00004095185,0.0001248455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998742,0.00000870733,0.00003826747,7.309754e-7,0.00001906912,0.00004061942,3.58256e-7,0.0000127359,0.000005328994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4744605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387846078","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102226","title":"Comprehensive review on performance assessment of solid oxide fuel cell-based hybrid power generation system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta","keywords":"Solid oxide fuel cell; Process engineering; Combined cycle; Organic Rankine cycle; Heat recovery steam generator; Electricity generation; Rankine cycle; Waste heat; Hybrid system; Waste heat recovery unit; Steam turbine; Waste management; Engineering; Turbine; Anode; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Computer science; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02105754326447851,"gpt":0.2906293405727385,"spread":0.26957179730826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000878497,0.0001604918,0.0002333192,0.0001113825,0.000127578,0.00004037007,0.000319199,0.0000203475,0.00002393169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001600537,0.0001319579,0.00002432541,0.0004439709,0.0002346546,0.0002700695,0.0001026529,0.00007714339,0.00003706229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001001436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008606892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001426229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.594348e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998304,0.00002449617,0.0002766829,0.0003278447,0.0006826339,0.0003843048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992722,0.00003442702,0.0001262143,0.0002983587,0.0001783326,0.00009051931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006349414,0.00003115381,0.0001539465,0.003856126,0.00000270943,0.000009771809,0.00005276731,0.1471328,0.8478119,0.0001083938,0.00005671713,0.0007773606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003207013,0.0002576788,0.01118416,0.001483558,0.00001734813,0.000006792989,0.00004238925,0.3297371,0.6551973,7.367206e-7,0.001433183,0.0003190595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964731,0.001809092,0.0003968855,0.00003929568,0.0004221761,0.0003735366,0.00001312839,0.0001633417,0.0003094886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964423,0.0004623853,0.002890522,0.00007588474,0.00003278891,0.00006063718,0.000004054329,0.00001529209,0.00001614207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1926146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5381088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2743644328","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2017.08.001","title":"Thermodynamic analysis on the process of regasification of LNG and its application in the cold warehouse","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","keywords":"Warehouse; Process (computing); Process engineering; Environmental science; Waste management; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Computer science; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01078641713086167,"gpt":0.2399050888228394,"spread":0.2291186716919777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004527169,0.00006229868,0.00008708863,0.00009556752,0.00008666395,0.00003348233,0.0004383393,0.00002898049,4.448039e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004286494,0.00003621484,0.0000128143,0.0003649754,0.0002193505,0.0001152258,0.00002724356,0.00006772053,1.468359e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009756411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006311508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000872397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007306856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995434,0.000004018266,0.00008741161,0.00009528474,0.0001608708,0.0001090157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995937,0.00002696358,0.00004757432,0.0002886672,0.00003216025,0.00001097269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002661788,0.00008003738,0.03370641,0.0003811925,0.0001474971,0.000001603511,0.007232627,0.08376285,0.7368909,0.06009796,0.000002488829,0.07766982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008069547,0.00002667526,0.5155293,0.00003025722,0.00003446688,9.143493e-7,0.0004200154,0.4280878,0.05564616,0.00004588658,0.0000137636,0.00008402647],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989347,0.0003785054,0.0001339932,0.0002076832,0.00001064554,0.0001768805,0.000001349233,0.00004411128,0.0001121252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998531,0.00005168227,0.00002447063,0.000001864173,0.000004400257,0.00005870554,1.787039e-7,0.000004498605,0.000001106668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6812447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1476798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285404814","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101408","title":"Characterization of a Jet Impingement Heat Sink for Power Electronics Cooling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Mitacs; University of Windsor","keywords":"Heat sink; Electronics; Jet (fluid); Power electronics; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Materials science; Electronics cooling; Power (physics); Environmental science; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007595261309232534,"gpt":0.2086131591899032,"spread":0.2010178978806707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000457311,0.00009662088,0.0001097907,0.0001014804,0.0001223979,0.0000276206,0.0001493062,0.00001723398,0.00001725928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005629945,0.00009880238,0.00002024963,0.0003149968,0.00003918083,0.0001459027,0.00004010021,0.00008493326,2.706767e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009160373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003421358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.100469e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.551498e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991501,0.000004308784,0.0001315534,0.0001332168,0.0002447111,0.0003361418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997909,0.00000956451,0.000007115415,0.00009620409,0.00003925347,0.00005693047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001000363,0.00001134289,0.00002822042,0.00007411658,0.00000864541,5.792864e-7,0.000519462,0.03086864,0.9638991,0.001177218,7.82453e-7,0.003401851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003572093,0.0003163399,0.00338939,0.00002674032,0.00001467421,0.000009725922,0.00004601321,0.446144,0.5469517,0.00001440041,0.002464995,0.0002647875],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802134,0.0002558211,0.01878624,0.00003526694,0.000226592,0.0002946335,0.00001523011,0.0001452525,0.0000275703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991681,0.00001569735,0.0006276389,0.00001182586,0.00001948352,0.0001286904,0.000005397152,0.00002137382,0.000001794341],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4169475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4029044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313478381","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101649","title":"Experimental investigation and influence of filling ratio on heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Evaporator; Heat transfer; Heat pipe; Heat transfer coefficient; Materials science; Thermal resistance; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer enhancement; Thermal; Volumetric flow rate; Composite material; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01466748693874434,"gpt":0.2296015747072869,"spread":0.2149340877685426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002765115,0.0001017595,0.0001304017,0.0001136982,0.00008376017,0.00001848385,0.00007172042,0.00002497959,8.6851e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001127017,0.0000892802,0.00001156675,0.0004027027,0.0002129991,0.0002398205,0.00001473949,0.00006736181,4.60697e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001447128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001225084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008137294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.478114e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993069,0.000003997113,0.0001563185,0.0001226737,0.000207074,0.0002030466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998143,0.0000285993,0.000002206417,0.00006501359,0.00003773499,0.00005212586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004946548,0.000003008714,0.0041359,0.0002212935,0.000005283262,4.434322e-7,0.00256785,0.2053895,0.785023,0.00003136149,2.131627e-7,0.002617165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001062641,0.00009898721,0.08944337,0.0001713509,0.000003361412,0.000001314689,0.00007962088,0.2130931,0.6969178,6.53913e-7,0.000001901577,0.00008232801],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992764,0.000370124,0.00004856363,0.00002096187,0.00004411262,0.00009937812,0.00000233707,0.0001108759,0.00002725685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997693,0.00007497343,0.0001064882,0.000004117747,0.00001703787,0.00001685874,7.178884e-7,0.000009722144,8.044743e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08810528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3640741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391426504","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102434","title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of the melting of a PCM in an enclosure having a tree-shaped internal fin","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Enclosure; Fin; Internal heating; Mechanics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02627290627039999,"gpt":0.2891172515402673,"spread":0.2628443452698673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004069885,0.00007497284,0.00009665274,0.0001162415,0.00002305478,0.00006318522,0.0001628427,0.0000248099,0.000006020562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002306233,0.00005593046,0.00001046713,0.0003558759,0.0002151816,0.0002718078,0.00008126251,0.00008902836,1.490199e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003562364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002212851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000307434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002990315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993415,0.00001381039,0.0001333386,0.0001212753,0.0002180961,0.0001719327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998182,0.00002144604,0.00001180784,0.0000768516,0.00001753543,0.00005415528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004512085,0.000005477159,0.00289533,0.0001731694,0.000003141954,0.000002948473,0.004600913,0.001633211,0.985463,0.00004390143,3.304309e-7,0.005174045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007378222,0.00003562596,0.0248696,0.0002295987,0.000001621416,0.000006002484,0.000084684,0.4743021,0.5003318,0.000007451686,0.000003023807,0.0000547127],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984927,0.001176965,0.00004164711,0.00002654216,0.00009835986,0.00009731654,0.000002007612,0.00004402031,0.00002050226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996662,0.000004916395,0.0002733406,0.000001319309,0.00002633488,0.00001614468,2.966786e-7,0.00001031497,0.000001104144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4851312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2280778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380148731","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101956","title":"Evaluating the environ-economic and exergy-energy impacts of drying carrots in passive and active mode solar dryers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology Warangal","keywords":"Exergy; Environmental science; Exergy efficiency; Payback period; Environmental engineering; Photovoltaic system; Waste management; Engineering; Production (economics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02570592263507152,"gpt":0.2698394250015653,"spread":0.2441335023664938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005321152,0.00008962585,0.0001072586,0.00003116822,0.0001799683,0.00005934115,0.0001208032,0.0000333104,0.000001782389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003783936,0.00003721188,0.00001236778,0.0002220078,0.0002278731,0.0001958265,0.0001223792,0.0000729017,3.361489e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000219953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001471321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007122137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008074071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992453,0.00001752839,0.0001071799,0.0002106325,0.0001441363,0.0002751995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997411,0.0000961524,0.00004054128,0.00003650367,0.0000163955,0.00006930811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002086598,0.000005554963,0.002399242,0.00001488363,0.000006161596,0.000001564343,0.001696766,0.01901769,0.5266265,0.0001822747,7.125585e-7,0.4500278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002053018,0.0002744551,0.3313015,0.0001094064,0.000009715067,0.000006618366,0.001513625,0.6428488,0.02336081,0.0001104693,0.00003014808,0.0002291456],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992595,0.0003545389,0.000001659838,0.0002172248,0.00003801515,0.00007677325,0.000004114224,0.00002714504,0.00002104682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997676,0.0001275543,0.00004381118,0.000009842398,0.00003177352,0.00001282114,0.000001199434,0.000001222848,0.000004203346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6238311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1517456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309336363","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101543","title":"Thermal and thermodynamic optimization of the performance of a large aperture width parabolic trough solar collector using gaseous and supercritical CO2 as heat transfer fluids","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Parabolic trough; Working fluid; Supercritical fluid; Heat transfer; Thermal; Materials science; Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007624266674767862,"gpt":0.2109680794153629,"spread":0.203343812740595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004661495,0.0001523572,0.0002185822,0.00006297574,0.0003848122,0.00003219643,0.0002110777,0.00004880883,0.00004927189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000247559,0.0001082627,0.00003213394,0.0004197084,0.0003891512,0.0001746898,0.0001201464,0.0001472776,1.113802e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003308811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006735092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002452971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988186,0.00006580475,0.0001963467,0.0002179359,0.0003785988,0.0003227489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999647,0.00005127279,0.00001211076,0.0001573156,0.00005512901,0.00007722572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001031023,0.0000531686,0.004805828,0.0001380085,0.00002247553,0.000002607685,0.002607433,0.1662225,0.8249815,0.0004631966,2.516475e-7,0.000600033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005376335,0.0002223421,0.01460082,0.00006231486,0.00003012526,0.0001032534,0.0002128056,0.9541009,0.02984706,0.000002252981,0.0001099233,0.0001705495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997973,0.001392468,0.0001399229,0.00003785449,0.0001008666,0.000247253,0.00002153919,0.00002317016,0.00006393431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997186,0.00003597469,0.0001157458,0.00004267451,0.00002767476,0.00002938157,0.000001668727,0.00002003656,0.000008210846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7951344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4414823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2968209916","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100395","title":"Performance of a rack mountable cooling unit in an IT server enclosure","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rack; Enclosure; Airflow; Server; Air conditioning; Room air distribution; Air cooling; Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Nuclear engineering; Electrical engineering; Meteorology; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01004129593598829,"gpt":0.219710460704084,"spread":0.2096691647680957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000329892,0.00008393326,0.0001046825,0.0001052899,0.00002414425,0.00003079222,0.0001430108,0.00003650878,0.00002462401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002847564,0.00007873248,0.000007733061,0.0004599259,0.00004977251,0.0006636137,0.00001459274,0.00008647556,0.000003745563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001744509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002194949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008703584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003805955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993504,0.000003719757,0.00012007,0.000112516,0.0001713067,0.0002420241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997743,0.000006951049,0.000005308465,0.0001108206,0.00004427267,0.00005831174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001070263,0.000009812828,0.06818574,0.0002049954,0.000002182712,6.556288e-7,0.0007983652,0.90767,0.02076906,0.00004773015,2.770494e-7,0.002300439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001691112,0.0000514509,0.1479863,0.00007460122,0.000002179773,0.00000174448,0.00003643553,0.8383996,0.01313679,3.331001e-7,0.00003628162,0.0001051457],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991656,0.0001233964,0.00007487013,0.000006562068,0.00008217203,0.0001174066,9.50205e-7,0.00006698063,0.0003620809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994834,0.00003934574,0.0004318425,0.000005037451,0.00001305569,0.000006392665,0.000001280049,0.00001173269,0.000007934895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07980058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3210617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296181562","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101477","title":"Analysis of solar energy driven organic Rankine cycle-vapor compression refrigeration system","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Jamia Millia Islamia","keywords":"Organic Rankine cycle; Exergy; Refrigeration; Exergy efficiency; Coefficient of performance; Vapor-compression refrigeration; Degree Rankine; Environmental science; Gas compressor; Rankine cycle; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Working fluid; Solar energy; Process engineering; Thermodynamics; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Electricity generation; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Refrigerant; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003615833081907951,"gpt":0.19078817340731,"spread":0.1871723403254021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000379925,0.0001260474,0.000267555,0.0003228287,0.0002435254,0.0000369287,0.0002727124,0.00002812871,0.00004542501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003590843,0.0001139973,0.00005957427,0.001159142,0.00008392834,0.0001195793,0.00008924379,0.00008932124,5.631405e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001019998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002183452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005844672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000296215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989058,0.00001822392,0.0002349752,0.0001844789,0.0004109841,0.0002455836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996179,0.00001274105,0.00004766235,0.000190612,0.00005313399,0.00007789906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009636191,0.00001392235,0.0003319509,0.00006815898,0.0001710076,0.000005323347,0.0005448704,0.947682,0.04438899,0.0005930649,0.000004754011,0.006186383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001175908,0.00003052764,0.004024644,0.00002219022,0.0001549602,0.000007465148,0.0002169932,0.9937845,0.001346328,0.0000013717,0.0001522365,0.0001411567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786513,0.001013515,0.01943558,0.000009450306,0.0003136372,0.00006842145,0.00001602237,0.0002374903,0.0002545938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997901,0.00001513763,0.00008976747,0.000003252603,0.00003157517,0.00002451408,0.00001622919,0.00001611217,0.00001328807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0461026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4648674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3045858959","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100667","title":"Effect of spatially varying morphologies of metal foams on phase change process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Metal foam; Materials science; Porosity; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Phase-change material; Latent heat; Composite material; Phase (matter); Heat transfer enhancement; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05092299081394667,"gpt":0.324693868551159,"spread":0.2737708777372123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048576,0.0001360147,0.0002394421,0.0001095628,0.00002887201,0.00002442563,0.0002846535,0.00003364638,0.00001560287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001040269,0.0001069343,0.00002188187,0.0004249639,0.0002145433,0.0002339644,0.00007224217,0.00008474116,0.000001860644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001536698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001276903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005186705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.929039e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990171,0.00001399057,0.0001430331,0.0001606196,0.0003738439,0.0002913857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996682,0.00004322895,0.00002807896,0.0001056489,0.00005073352,0.0001041089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000828056,0.00002301812,0.00008449279,0.001192604,0.00001562578,0.00001133588,0.001414543,0.01069973,0.9383035,0.00001056685,7.903455e-7,0.04816099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004368846,0.0008682638,0.0002137601,0.00006798172,0.000008713599,0.000002128627,0.000006603051,0.1165082,0.8817805,9.07035e-7,0.000008399568,0.00009768787],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988622,0.0004040599,0.00007123056,0.00004575837,0.00009547037,0.0002920622,0.00001373826,0.0001405645,0.00007493237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997168,0.00002028343,0.0001044333,0.000005525562,0.00007065774,0.0000625821,0.000001424445,0.00001803223,2.981421e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1058084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4360653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387262052","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102157","title":"Mathematical modeling and regression analysis using MATLAB for optimization of microwave drying efficiency of banana","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Aligarh Muslim University; King Saud University","keywords":"Analytical Chemistry (journal); Cube root; Moisture; Materials science; Diffusion; Microwave; Coefficient of determination; Water content; Mathematics; SPHERES; Activation energy; Thermal diffusivity; Cube (algebra); Chemistry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Chromatography; Statistics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03423220502286999,"gpt":0.2573898749758467,"spread":0.2231576699529767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006517716,0.00007593777,0.0001666168,0.00008106964,0.0001364811,0.00003184828,0.0001079913,0.00003570485,0.00000369595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000576125,0.00003398516,0.00003611509,0.001053827,0.0001092958,0.0001104976,0.00006774934,0.00002959428,1.112506e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007731026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007750873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001871111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.13639e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992468,0.00000625662,0.0001767761,0.0001791234,0.0001888844,0.0002021671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996972,0.0000524374,0.00005752456,0.00003851227,0.0001034748,0.00005081822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008627417,0.000009587197,0.0001467417,0.00006024764,0.00001039758,1.75364e-7,0.0002181302,0.6839494,0.3016734,0.00009532804,1.060176e-7,0.01382787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004898042,0.00005275125,0.0004706123,0.00008016471,0.00004334344,9.785467e-7,0.000146412,0.9905378,0.008525839,0.00002192716,6.314081e-7,0.00007056325],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848255,0.0001873938,0.01479008,0.00002648108,0.00001565606,0.0001050975,0.000003795934,0.00003517391,0.0000108574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918988,0.00001526096,0.008058486,0.00000136518,0.00001438961,0.000004279606,0.000003134969,0.000001140046,0.000003172722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3065884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1385874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400399970","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102728","title":"Experimental investigation of porous gyroid structure: Effect of cell size and porosity on performance","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Cellular and Composite Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Toronto Metropolitan University","keywords":"Gyroid; Porosity; Materials science; Cell size; Porous medium; Composite material; Copolymer; Polymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00258813317531165,"gpt":0.1855793235588664,"spread":0.1829911903835548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001197689,0.0001035085,0.0001063864,0.00005988525,0.00003248691,0.00003163815,0.00008189862,0.0000280509,0.000004488913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003188669,0.00008116487,0.00001230044,0.0001767389,0.0001778287,0.0001322374,0.0000297942,0.00007567187,1.896812e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001672396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008276859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003110881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.673307e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994879,0.00000447505,0.00008856505,0.0001185633,0.0001720947,0.0001284115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998271,0.00002657255,0.00001083788,0.00007528953,0.00001093495,0.0000492181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008975556,0.000001487836,0.0008383829,0.0004157669,0.000004690607,0.000001314148,0.0004878726,0.005045348,0.9885561,0.00004363129,7.753472e-7,0.004595606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008686237,0.0001936563,0.04431939,0.00005597988,0.000006724661,0.000007871412,0.000006175646,0.03954344,0.9156957,0.000002262394,0.000004050772,0.00007788264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968841,0.002707156,0.000007731803,0.000002532792,0.0001500202,0.00008588319,0.000003355608,0.00007352815,0.00008568877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997868,0.00001482176,0.0001599318,0.000001330114,0.00002202228,0.000002759588,7.880067e-7,0.000009627443,0.000001936181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07286044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3309807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388807260","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102294","title":"Energy performance analysis of thermal insulating plaster in the different climate zones","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Efficient energy use; Energy consumption; Cooling load; Thermal insulation; Climate zones; Electricity; Energy engineering; Thermal; Primary energy; Passive cooling; Zero-energy building; Materials science; Air conditioning; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Composite material; Geology; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008262546723683767,"gpt":0.199687076223643,"spread":0.1914245294999592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000312352,0.00008738971,0.000114879,0.0003104826,0.00006549735,0.00003619966,0.0001857927,0.00002704349,0.000003448213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003787738,0.00005947895,0.00002077723,0.001745704,0.00007221995,0.0001692386,0.00004581254,0.00005869905,2.077461e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001253061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004080806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000568361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003392626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999309,0.000006572656,0.0001297443,0.0001004276,0.0002024489,0.0002517889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998051,0.00002771752,0.00001802755,0.0001103246,0.00001607106,0.00002277604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002494362,0.000005257156,0.01666824,0.00002557358,0.00001951191,8.070009e-7,0.0005073657,0.9579644,0.002050511,0.0003987553,3.046716e-7,0.02235675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003887231,0.00001135787,0.3074117,0.0000153912,0.00001432149,4.051799e-7,0.00002452633,0.6914971,0.0009229885,7.491705e-7,0.000007803573,0.0000546768],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993343,0.00009445001,0.0002188415,0.00001169452,0.00007114591,0.00002838869,0.00000111622,0.0001066466,0.0001333774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997904,0.00006541373,0.00008884237,0.000005678314,0.00001614047,0.00001987298,0.000003357799,0.00000805804,0.000002271625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2907435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2425481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387190718","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102161","title":"A Cogeneration-Coupled energy storage system utilizing hydrogen and methane-fueled CAES and ORC with ambient temperature consideration enhanced by artificial neural Network, and Multi-Objective optimization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","keywords":"Process engineering; Organic Rankine cycle; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Waste management; Fossil fuel; Exergy; Engineering; Waste heat; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00702757930575296,"gpt":0.2060950107235862,"spread":0.1990674314178332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002920093,0.0001879157,0.0002104331,0.0000908798,0.000246954,0.0001638627,0.00005158919,0.00006678535,9.521672e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009469641,0.000155541,0.00001131985,0.0003435713,0.0001611451,0.0002367009,0.00003227521,0.00008010781,1.902778e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003184018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001937562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000491874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002027124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990463,0.00001972092,0.0001680401,0.0002802695,0.0001840981,0.0003016108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996755,0.00002621107,0.00003491749,0.00008011049,0.00006716586,0.0001160929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002228569,0.000004472688,0.00008519115,0.000084907,0.00003663516,0.000004954212,0.0009235798,0.8312706,0.1651968,0.000183969,0.000003435751,0.002183183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002852634,0.00004808853,0.0003653473,0.00006872906,0.00003094439,0.00001945817,0.0005503764,0.9896079,0.008816419,0.000001458684,0.00000515278,0.0002008741],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797877,0.002045211,0.01758216,0.000014561,0.0001241629,0.0001695497,0.000006021939,0.0002574796,0.00001312088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992667,0.0001178197,0.0004494812,0.000006662187,0.00006496546,0.00004500692,0.00001523678,0.00002283033,0.00001130991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1583373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6342778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388346864","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102250","title":"Development of a quintuple renewable energy system utilizing heliostat and biodigester plants with hydrogen generation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Brayton cycle; Rankine cycle; Organic Rankine cycle; Degree Rankine; Exergy; Environmental science; Absorption refrigerator; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Waste management; Nuclear engineering; Waste heat; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Refrigeration; Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167044574192629,"gpt":0.2024555227598985,"spread":0.1907850770179722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002553924,0.0001143869,0.0001402613,0.0001405425,0.0001073517,0.00004491791,0.00009457768,0.00003036574,0.00000108436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001517548,0.00008975875,0.000009470693,0.0002705209,0.00008057502,0.0001249386,0.00003490644,0.00002910887,0.00000144996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000295655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002802654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000488232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000154169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992234,0.000003532756,0.0001525255,0.0001523484,0.0002061449,0.0002621161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997741,0.000006132309,0.00002154237,0.0000913788,0.00002636939,0.00008050595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000300591,0.00001523869,0.001126108,0.0007667092,0.0001345425,0.00002263532,0.006506184,0.2925088,0.6439031,0.0005814738,0.00003440171,0.05437082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001883981,0.00003373153,0.002436905,0.0002211007,0.00001310141,0.00002561583,0.001042564,0.9251605,0.07003082,9.698617e-7,0.000604646,0.0002416178],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964053,0.00069184,0.002324935,0.000003634357,0.00008897788,0.00005201779,0.000002484558,0.0002219306,0.0002088653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993219,0.00003566219,0.0005563305,0.000001458233,0.00002849176,0.00001728378,0.000004272777,0.00001420115,0.00002034751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6326518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3660256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311591125","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101617","title":"Study on radiant heat exchange between human body and radiant surfaces under asymmetric radiant cooling environments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Radiant cooling; Mean radiant temperature; Radiant energy; Radiant heat; Operative temperature; Emissivity; Heat exchanger; Radiant heating; Thermal; Environmental science; Materials science; Optics; Thermodynamics; Radiation; Physics; Composite material; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01601430862114141,"gpt":0.2265611126829051,"spread":0.2105468040617637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005309405,0.0001795954,0.0001670049,0.0003017367,0.0005052402,0.00009869625,0.0002174402,0.0000317898,0.00001188926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000466056,0.0001762804,0.00001590526,0.0005775161,0.000102776,0.0002366025,0.00009973569,0.0001989339,6.350488e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001311882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001149907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000232636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.387705e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987729,0.00002078287,0.0001479941,0.0002813849,0.0003833654,0.0003935882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996223,0.00002755352,0.00001827261,0.0001664195,0.000006052164,0.000159392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000407784,0.00004111163,0.004768593,0.00001779233,0.00002740414,0.00001357461,0.0006026031,0.9869442,0.002118733,0.0001380341,0.000005402496,0.005318481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001124817,0.0008012828,0.5832221,0.0000462861,0.00005969812,0.00002661275,0.0005839415,0.4091917,0.002800211,0.000008845138,0.001324132,0.0008104503],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973196,0.001769508,0.0002207792,0.00002959923,0.0001750013,0.000237389,0.000006541241,0.0001417297,0.00009982321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996328,0.00008594509,0.00009407354,0.00001467693,0.00005663725,0.00006322152,0.000006125313,0.00003027595,0.00001620403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5784535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7188504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386002834","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102074","title":"Experimental study on drying kinetics and thermal modeling of drying Kohlrabi under different solar drying methods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta","keywords":"Forced convection; Solar dryer; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Wet-bulb temperature; Relative humidity; Water content; Humidity; Heat transfer; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0645722626280854,"gpt":0.3119271897931353,"spread":0.2473549271650499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000979575,0.0002126865,0.0002347722,0.00007019859,0.000366502,0.0001427578,0.0002603941,0.00005580298,0.0000050371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003792512,0.0000995919,0.00003812776,0.000484566,0.0001527207,0.0001813749,0.0002651848,0.0001566983,0.000001036547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002894961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000707329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000454887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001973516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983746,0.00004919164,0.0002396286,0.0004190748,0.0004285591,0.0004889027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995527,0.0001105184,0.00005397529,0.00008705,0.00005535887,0.0001403805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001648518,0.0001101304,0.0009647383,0.00001354696,0.00001150506,0.000002204171,0.00156761,0.03133981,0.9099705,0.00006790819,1.73225e-7,0.05593543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003702589,0.00118698,0.0691041,0.0001525083,0.00002585719,0.000004455312,0.006342084,0.716256,0.2060649,0.00002471965,0.000008483821,0.0004596265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987857,0.0003959143,0.0001353986,0.00008602396,0.0001454875,0.0002366376,0.00000179582,0.0001651601,0.00004787247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993579,0.00001157705,0.0004965421,0.00001617921,0.00007907888,0.00002673012,0.000001613198,0.000004692595,0.000005678138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7039055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.406124,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283456189","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101387","title":"Analytical and experimental study of performance of Pyrex glass Q-dot based passive solar still glass evaporator","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Banaras Hindu University","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporator; Glazing; Coating; Fibre-reinforced plastic; Composite material; Passive solar building design; Optics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01906623013237554,"gpt":0.2783517394107436,"spread":0.2592855092783681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008494502,0.0001262614,0.0001994988,0.0001537956,0.0001371893,0.00002927887,0.000284946,0.00002317763,0.00004012817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003777752,0.0001127137,0.00001814989,0.0005407005,0.0003206805,0.0001951632,0.0001880905,0.0001219742,3.184148e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005248309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006155328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000342056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.832418e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986179,0.00006446397,0.0002356168,0.0002763702,0.0005599116,0.0002457216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994414,0.0000425912,0.00008919237,0.0002304937,0.00009255898,0.0001037789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006618492,0.002545704,0.1516845,0.0003012868,0.0001431696,0.00003145291,0.01844995,0.2205551,0.5670644,0.002063927,0.000007959868,0.03649069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00127101,0.001913511,0.1181476,0.00002023149,0.00003329833,0.000008862834,0.002250113,0.5785112,0.2970665,0.00000238565,0.0004802579,0.0002950143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993448,0.0001758636,0.00005446252,0.00002312985,0.0001057356,0.000205276,0.000005117959,0.00003727531,0.00004836298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998615,0.000001165188,0.001268037,0.000007513543,0.00001686556,0.00006965313,0.000001209252,0.00001352485,0.00000701728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3579561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4596332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307829987","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101509","title":"Multi-objective optimization of preheating system of natural gas pressure reduction station with turbo-expander through the application of waste heat recovery system","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Turboexpander; Turbo; Waste heat recovery unit; Waste management; Natural gas; Reduction (mathematics); Environmental science; Process engineering; Waste heat; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Automotive engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004206148881295234,"gpt":0.202073681306999,"spread":0.1978675324257037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003529757,0.0001046054,0.0001850926,0.00007100913,0.0001301593,0.00001342182,0.0001612657,0.00002340069,8.870179e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004313716,0.00007529322,0.00002777136,0.000421425,0.0001235328,0.0002024655,0.00003406797,0.00009212801,4.489206e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007723262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002720405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001600992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.130258e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990969,0.00002322633,0.0002514292,0.0001443557,0.0003382569,0.0001458026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995653,0.00001804881,0.0001065012,0.0001534535,0.0001367024,0.00002001309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000407644,0.00001070864,0.00006259682,0.0006701704,0.00004988714,1.331631e-7,0.002463859,0.9609464,0.0343215,0.0001717618,5.214932e-7,0.001261726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017864,0.00007828666,0.0004867779,0.0001466139,0.00005176456,0.00001648567,0.007639361,0.9817124,0.009602635,5.909174e-7,0.00000251994,0.0000839486],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8500659,0.001647564,0.1473998,0.000005741369,0.00026005,0.0004186682,0.00001472117,0.00009884991,0.00008875652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982454,0.000007222416,0.00164033,3.139245e-7,0.00002576588,0.00005631279,0.000005508484,0.00001415574,0.000005040577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1481795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3070368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389486130","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102329","title":"3D numerical simulation and experimental validation of resin-bonded sand gravity casting: Filling, cooling, and solidification with SPH and ProCAST approaches","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Casting; Materials science; Computer simulation; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Metallurgy; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03184566821729252,"gpt":0.2663254762623909,"spread":0.2344798080450984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001649468,0.0001015117,0.000100037,0.0001240504,0.0001397028,0.00008983801,0.00003629089,0.00003227879,0.000001323965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002186144,0.00009016027,0.000005536477,0.000314678,0.0001780811,0.0003268784,0.00003095496,0.00006550235,2.405714e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001914858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009969533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009208505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.80327e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993982,0.000005706636,0.0001253159,0.0001750348,0.0001424135,0.000153377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997509,0.00003909239,0.00002859942,0.00007098729,0.00004454858,0.00006594146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001768158,0.00001317892,0.002719925,0.0001026093,0.000008460363,6.748828e-7,0.001486226,0.9660379,0.02610412,0.0001101007,7.189211e-7,0.003398422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000158798,0.00005711955,0.03263834,0.00003695489,0.000008784877,0.000009102867,0.0001251275,0.9579003,0.008939881,0.000004252757,0.00001513879,0.0001061234],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958332,0.0002892589,0.003512823,0.00001292404,0.00003307933,0.0001623317,0.000003218445,0.0001061971,0.0000469694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998006,0.00001721403,0.001916516,8.433421e-7,0.00001816754,0.00001649858,0.000006532966,0.00001296324,0.000005219373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02991842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3676629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402737734","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102922","title":"A unique solar pond system integrated with chlor-alkali electrolyser for heat storage and hydrogen production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Hydrogen storage; Environmental science; Production (economics); Alkali metal; Thermal energy storage; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Waste management; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007149059937660396,"gpt":0.2062129743289476,"spread":0.1990639143912872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006931844,0.0001773882,0.0001648265,0.0001305871,0.0001712537,0.0001907795,0.0001280306,0.00005840822,0.000003276562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001765888,0.000120132,0.00002101242,0.0005380047,0.0001562708,0.0003412087,0.00002766316,0.0001184492,0.000002313543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008664768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007150463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002413232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001585548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998904,0.0000169831,0.0001160571,0.0003755991,0.0002178229,0.0003695073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996169,0.00002160064,0.00002057649,0.0001430989,0.0000833049,0.0001145651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001813183,0.0000218056,0.0003416475,0.001081668,0.0001149754,0.00003593376,0.002276831,0.007554552,0.9595858,0.004288374,0.00001595146,0.02450117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005848749,0.0007629289,0.001918409,0.001210755,0.0001117282,0.0008592234,0.000670422,0.4821452,0.4849494,0.00002789897,0.02595068,0.0008083954],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953897,0.002740003,0.0005795487,0.0001146188,0.0002252874,0.0004440816,0.000004533979,0.0003945375,0.0001076858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992453,0.000009909773,0.0001855472,0.000007949973,0.0001769756,0.0001827483,0.000003869136,0.00003246538,0.0001552218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4746363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.489884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387849386","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102227","title":"Dynamic modeling and experimental validation of household refrigerators/freezers equipped with phase change materials towards improved energy efficiency","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Refrigeration; Gas compressor; Energy consumption; Process engineering; Thermal energy storage; Refrigerator car; Phase-change material; Environmental science; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Simulation; Phase change; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04245094175165601,"gpt":0.2952466301705681,"spread":0.252795688418912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005097044,0.0001692152,0.0001875818,0.0002800766,0.00008674964,0.000126846,0.0001811594,0.00004572478,0.000006168054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001002795,0.0001418332,0.00000989587,0.0005711971,0.0001856872,0.0004142032,0.0001121541,0.00004671725,5.485118e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005993435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002457587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005261384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.945839e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987957,0.00001071588,0.0001705891,0.0002369342,0.0003368007,0.0004491941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996558,0.00000799935,0.00002458588,0.0001522683,0.00003762815,0.0001216738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003311918,0.00001877653,0.000003408332,0.0001047572,0.000007889926,0.000005538534,0.0008550701,0.01181564,0.9840775,0.00001260355,5.743667e-7,0.003065143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003641754,0.0001121179,0.00004549246,0.00003878354,0.000003406265,0.000003891168,0.00004972878,0.4328921,0.5663716,0.000001437621,0.000003866146,0.000113466],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982423,0.0004578865,0.0005453752,0.00001614114,0.0001624868,0.0002091755,0.00002771855,0.00032606,0.00001290988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994545,0.00007044463,0.0002517292,0.000002488108,0.00004024754,0.0001307834,0.0000102015,0.00003702617,0.000002553564],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4210764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5783792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368341212","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101888","title":"Effect of baffle turbulators on the horizontal solar film evaporator of the humidification-dehumidification desalination system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulator; Evaporator; Desalination; Baffle; Condensation; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Exergy efficiency; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Mass transfer; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Mechanics; Turbulence; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Exergy; Reynolds number; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01219877675796849,"gpt":0.2562156674652052,"spread":0.2440168907072367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003271412,0.000121539,0.0001376768,0.0001288114,0.0002031971,0.00004213518,0.0004835257,0.00005662845,0.000003635513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003233021,0.00006858826,0.00004247097,0.001270711,0.0003047715,0.0001446088,0.00005840306,0.0001008919,0.000007936148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006307134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004084278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000245605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.921721e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986388,0.0001689673,0.0002463286,0.0002155788,0.0005249609,0.0002053845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989573,0.0002348238,0.0001593564,0.0004542372,0.0001492724,0.00004505407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006047481,0.00003861536,0.004482388,0.000505873,0.00003660767,6.465561e-7,0.002180663,0.02958787,0.862223,0.06247098,0.00002323871,0.03838965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001266672,0.0001108478,0.05609112,0.00007816153,0.00001797145,0.00000167372,0.0001172238,0.04716808,0.8960232,0.00001866949,0.0001516687,0.0000947123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986292,0.00007763699,0.0001692184,0.0001323577,0.0003002185,0.0003730708,0.000004682144,0.0001285489,0.0001850339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996637,0.00000344808,0.0001625909,0.000002983524,0.00004107881,0.00009086641,0.000003333334,0.00001602696,0.00001595518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06245231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2796948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006708827","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100511","title":"Thermal stresses applied on helicopter blades useful to retrieve defects by means of infrared thermography and speckle patterns","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Russian Science Foundation; Russian Foundation for Basic Research","keywords":"Thermography; Infrared; Speckle pattern; Materials science; Nondestructive testing; Thermal; Speckle imaging; Flash (photography); Optics; Acoustics; Computer science; Computer vision; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007638415648031544,"gpt":0.1928238604291633,"spread":0.1851854447811317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001644389,0.0002327749,0.0002189607,0.0001502355,0.00006476876,0.00007705353,0.000278073,0.00006952919,0.00001965807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001480547,0.0002005277,0.0000343957,0.000621415,0.0002032477,0.0001361425,0.00007113963,0.0001580639,6.845473e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001080062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008988646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004802037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.654309e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988749,0.00000758008,0.0001716786,0.0002851659,0.0002985349,0.0003621489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994799,0.00004146068,0.00002860091,0.0001733156,0.00003493123,0.0002417962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008724946,0.00003611272,0.006726115,0.0003451638,0.00005586759,0.00000531647,0.004047377,0.006857221,0.9560618,0.0002180769,0.00008305085,0.0254766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004045337,0.0005344035,0.1340726,0.0002020052,0.00003702644,0.000002272679,0.0002320313,0.006604454,0.8565171,0.00002053223,0.0007257327,0.0006472474],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971697,0.0004610408,0.001000149,0.00004314326,0.00004836278,0.0003148117,0.0001156323,0.0003960455,0.0004511096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993026,0.00005638117,0.0004316525,0.00008916105,0.00004595039,0.0000373756,0.000002271331,0.00003324364,0.000001355962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1273465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8177283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407761014","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103387","title":"Experimental exploration on the suppression of methane-air mixture explosions by bio-based modified gel dry water materials","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Methane; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Geology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01460777551363775,"gpt":0.2451726399209749,"spread":0.2305648644073372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002676692,0.0001171381,0.0001023501,0.0001250459,0.00009662648,0.00005147405,0.000176717,0.00004346359,0.00004067923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002126891,0.00007028815,0.00001570026,0.0002592391,0.0001200779,0.0002512243,0.00004034247,0.00006398818,0.000002405796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002697395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001795204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000199452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.25145e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992934,0.00001326093,0.0001461051,0.0001378869,0.000232441,0.00017686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997138,0.00003481753,0.00001620088,0.0001367454,0.00005787645,0.00004050366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001589978,0.00002921051,0.000006782994,0.00005317741,0.000004776178,2.62375e-7,0.000353878,0.02740684,0.9703721,0.0006279916,0.0001295877,0.0009994797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001539544,0.00002425049,0.0001880087,0.0000691584,0.000004469494,1.681216e-7,0.00009750082,0.03296404,0.9660212,0.00001862742,0.0003721475,0.00008652889],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995988,0.0003489282,0.002262305,0.0005157547,0.0003267879,0.0001848711,0.00000793768,0.0001687955,0.0001966781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996645,0.000009541177,0.000118854,0.00005638819,0.00001426837,0.00009222213,0.000008095789,0.000009509664,0.00002666473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005557199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2866268,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313431112","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101603","title":"Creep performance characterization for Haynes 282TM using the deformation-mechanism-based true stress model","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Creep; Necking; Climb; Materials science; Deformation mechanism; Deformation (meteorology); Diffusion creep; Dislocation creep; Grain Boundary Sliding; Dislocation; Stress (linguistics); Grain boundary; Mechanics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Microstructure; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009094036812059794,"gpt":0.1973468554585098,"spread":0.18825281864645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003805971,0.0001285995,0.00009346724,0.00008752778,0.000654173,0.0001273218,0.0002817777,0.00002557468,0.000008807169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005813593,0.0001003108,0.00002313405,0.0003456313,0.00007074833,0.0004017507,0.00005312421,0.0001237791,3.242574e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000701926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004622355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001468703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.368083e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991227,0.000005843497,0.0001287453,0.0001386399,0.0002928264,0.0003111847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997027,0.00001295736,0.00002596293,0.0001466763,0.00005612308,0.00005555914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007043066,0.000007454072,0.00006721224,0.00006970628,0.000004668027,2.820811e-7,0.0004677956,0.902317,0.09136605,0.0007287106,0.000001326659,0.004962768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001357947,0.00003738548,0.001080218,0.00001478484,0.000008976681,0.000004227809,0.00005427233,0.977766,0.02053305,0.000007228144,0.000208482,0.0001495915],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9629304,0.00008946306,0.03618349,0.00007097692,0.0002139591,0.0002890236,0.00003238509,0.0001698909,0.00002036724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981002,0.000006852414,0.001576053,0.00003706634,0.0000564818,0.0001752661,0.00001693524,0.00002296449,0.000008207426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07544901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5031436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388673177","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102288","title":"Numerical analysis and performance evaluation of cooling system in coal mining face: A comprehensive study on thermal and humidity characteristics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Airflow; Humidity; Coal; Coal mining; Air cooling; Environmental science; Computer simulation; Flow (mathematics); Air temperature; Refrigeration; Meteorology; Mining engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Simulation; Mechanics; Waste management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03993112817911138,"gpt":0.2712288432430605,"spread":0.2312977150639491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005894729,0.00009851997,0.0001788223,0.0002242801,0.00007307953,0.00004522708,0.0000616226,0.0000248537,0.000001076378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018771,0.00008486618,0.000009097337,0.0007458818,0.00007851847,0.0001366421,0.00004537044,0.00006720406,3.488195e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003859555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001154923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001153775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001007631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991531,0.00001868559,0.0001598003,0.0001569742,0.000330163,0.0001812246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997493,0.00002642551,0.0000258143,0.00007981265,0.00007248346,0.00004618344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003704358,0.00002355241,0.2366836,0.0002662989,0.00005277702,0.000003214606,0.00488088,0.6876686,0.005825733,0.000006415358,2.076709e-7,0.06455168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001065918,0.00004797588,0.4955491,0.00003294475,0.00002734321,5.891667e-7,0.0004886241,0.5033883,0.0003093291,2.273375e-8,6.556785e-7,0.0000485225],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999382,0.0001637336,0.00006975341,0.000003086032,0.00006124382,0.0002201035,0.000001877714,0.00008229222,0.00001587309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9999117,0.00002088052,0.00002027194,9.867907e-7,0.00001525144,0.00002054125,0.000001777634,0.000008053768,5.241595e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2588654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3460742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400783587","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102752","title":"Thermal performance evaluation of aerogel-enhanced polyurethane insulation panels for refrigerated vehicles: A numerical and experimental study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Aerogels and thermal insulation","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta","keywords":"Polyurethane; Aerogel; Thermal insulation; Materials science; Thermal; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02869406756509456,"gpt":0.3006016843698462,"spread":0.2719076168047516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007685713,0.0001323876,0.000131476,0.00006103553,0.0001185729,0.00009394241,0.00009409474,0.00005139485,0.00002605768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022986,0.0001099875,0.00001845272,0.0002639915,0.0001421189,0.0004182174,0.00004331219,0.00007869933,6.886095e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005956917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006140516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000866345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.561802e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988391,0.00001207658,0.0001936604,0.0002764925,0.0004630927,0.0002155991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996233,0.00002767202,0.00004548229,0.0001069422,0.0001323595,0.00006424258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006654771,0.00008918004,0.0008358033,0.00009152962,0.0000204187,5.721374e-7,0.003053573,0.004591598,0.9279568,0.0000541466,6.052448e-8,0.06323983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004404502,0.0001663684,0.03859391,0.00007191477,0.00002882916,0.000002430571,0.0002720554,0.4982352,0.4620674,0.000002723586,0.000004833744,0.0001138987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980627,0.001274449,0.00008460925,0.00001221987,0.000074253,0.0003109223,0.000003969881,0.00008715674,0.00008971093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999651,0.000004011141,0.0001364807,0.000002207692,0.00006590411,0.0001112582,0.000004168567,0.00001712457,0.00000783317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4936436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.448516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400839295","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102751","title":"Experimental and numerical study of a novel composite building wall U-value","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology, Silchar; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Composite number; Value (mathematics); Structural engineering; Materials science; Mathematics; Composite material; Engineering; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00978709541755922,"gpt":0.2450746128737516,"spread":0.2352875174561924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001422279,0.00009157984,0.00008999407,0.00009463518,0.00005385422,0.00008071364,0.00009235919,0.00002251696,0.000001828892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002163448,0.00008110263,0.000008861442,0.0003031949,0.00007362616,0.0002163089,0.00005217054,0.00006958027,9.178296e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002241001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007258444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001165101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.284631e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994361,0.00000238526,0.00009475447,0.0001454613,0.0001638219,0.0001575051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999847,0.00001146032,0.000006490206,0.00006658897,0.00001234335,0.00005609955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003098821,0.00005070502,0.000253068,0.00004821277,0.00001570219,0.000003027337,0.001105932,0.7725424,0.2200078,0.00153408,9.532231e-7,0.004434988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001350141,0.00007679987,0.002827219,0.00005082791,0.000007429978,0.000012505,0.00004891844,0.9731222,0.02357439,0.000001235598,0.00004094194,0.000102463],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886865,0.001617416,0.009196445,0.000009219707,0.000146137,0.00008060235,5.143235e-7,0.0002188711,0.00004426687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996664,0.000003924432,0.003276426,0.000002735042,0.00002178379,0.00001476921,2.614928e-7,0.00001408536,0.000002027036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2005799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3307269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111597813","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100802","title":"Data-driven modelling of operational district energy networks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Energy storage; Thermal energy; Energy (signal processing); Thermal energy storage; Energy modeling; Efficient energy use; Environmental science; Energy engineering; Computer science; Energy accounting; Energy supply; Scale (ratio); Energy consumption; Power (physics); Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02638187902347536,"gpt":0.2055672452937826,"spread":0.1791853662703072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008431041,0.00007144608,0.00007633698,0.0000295535,0.00004905063,0.00003700075,0.000268794,0.00002684565,0.000005066392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004909649,0.0000662485,0.000007516891,0.0003104502,0.00006892198,0.0003110488,0.00008106152,0.00005270259,1.071802e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009020077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000146192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003758371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.029911e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994738,0.000002159868,0.00009891304,0.0001318072,0.0001507697,0.0001425927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997652,0.000007714244,0.00001190635,0.0001120086,0.00003007281,0.00007307325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001899181,0.000002695763,0.00005805558,0.00001209495,0.000005773635,5.410153e-7,0.00004007998,0.9908176,0.0004847016,0.00153811,0.00001620887,0.007022215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005018755,0.00001146208,0.0001738483,0.000009754156,0.000004201777,0.0000010403,0.000002836424,0.9986656,0.0005961646,0.000001525795,0.0004032117,0.00008019448],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1427711,0.000848252,0.8557999,0.00006799647,0.000119115,0.00003660233,0.00000959801,0.000194646,0.0001528335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938468,0.00007536537,0.005951046,0.00001767782,0.00007646232,0.000004066285,0.00001738783,0.000009828305,0.000001321698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8510757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2701536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387534248","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102209","title":"Flow behavior of laval nozzle sets in steam turbine governing stage at low loads","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National University's Basic Research Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Turbine; Supercritical fluid; Mechanics; Materials science; Rankine cycle; Overall pressure ratio; Mechanical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Structural engineering; Power (physics); Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006346685181609167,"gpt":0.2212387586618262,"spread":0.214892073480217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003177572,0.0001150227,0.0001283703,0.000152593,0.00004589166,0.00003008295,0.0001625503,0.00003413019,0.000008020488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001452439,0.0001143202,0.00001983705,0.0006648668,0.0000899606,0.0001549097,0.0001188695,0.00009680625,0.000006960163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002508102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001282425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001293228,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990557,0.00000339192,0.0001591166,0.0001569661,0.0003141031,0.0003106504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997495,0.00002538123,0.00001645148,0.0001012054,0.00003542107,0.00007204078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003348406,0.00001197622,0.004964139,0.000087149,0.000003420673,0.00001716332,0.0002809213,0.9337237,0.04947858,0.00007753523,0.000004346874,0.01134765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001300937,0.00001601597,0.2187936,0.00003443538,0.00000235316,0.000002635437,0.00001296413,0.779891,0.0009799707,0.000001433162,0.0000301885,0.0001053376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991548,0.0001599103,0.0001158114,0.00001392815,0.0001987491,0.0001086952,0.00003201259,0.0001695628,0.0000464999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993514,0.0000371436,0.000500581,0.00000192177,0.00001777435,0.00001646938,0.0000119782,0.0000191791,0.00004354162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2138295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4661843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206648152","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101200","title":"Influence of Shrinkage on Phase Change Material-based Thermal Rectifiers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Thermal; Thermal mass; Rectification; Thermal contact conductance; Thermal transmittance; Thermal resistance; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03120812035308628,"gpt":0.2850503080996931,"spread":0.2538421877466068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007712661,0.0001558211,0.000165519,0.000271069,0.0001635871,0.000061352,0.0004182116,0.00002767318,0.0001330046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002407921,0.0001494499,0.00001975094,0.0005733731,0.0002391243,0.0002403844,0.0001472489,0.0001517555,0.000003231238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001098684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003421398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001795534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.414698e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985611,0.00002452302,0.0001580974,0.0002169075,0.0005719838,0.00046737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995421,0.00002466176,0.00002760133,0.000234488,0.00004623097,0.0001249701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006140788,0.00004986291,0.00005340749,0.000126824,0.0000066429,0.00001818385,0.0006250438,0.1626553,0.8256146,0.00003325037,0.00000612536,0.01074928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007470116,0.0005018554,0.009474026,0.00005941992,0.000007113605,0.000008289672,0.000041844,0.09254306,0.8954954,0.000003518043,0.0007840776,0.0003344049],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988386,0.0001238961,0.000008183187,0.00005294651,0.0002779052,0.0002955051,0.00005804306,0.0002173688,0.0001275469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994785,0.000006710593,0.00009155748,0.00002498047,0.00007144074,0.0002883806,0.000004287399,0.00003027002,0.000003928831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07011227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6094391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396828277","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102634","title":"Experimental study on wavy fin desiccant coated heat exchanger for hybrid air conditioning systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","keywords":"Desiccant; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Fin; Air conditioning; Coefficient of performance; Thermodynamics; Humidity; Environmental science; Heat pump; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02071589508170182,"gpt":0.2629826434693908,"spread":0.2422667483876889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003876208,0.0001634871,0.0001461033,0.0001504093,0.0001317691,0.0002263692,0.0001310361,0.00002627483,0.000006392005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007151983,0.0001404186,0.00002488415,0.0002391371,0.00007118611,0.0002038739,0.00002260848,0.00009080761,0.00001428017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002072031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009308506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.674759e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989951,0.000008470372,0.0001566948,0.0002467737,0.0002615242,0.0003314491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997027,0.00003172563,0.000007985092,0.0001195379,0.00003559953,0.0001024445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000550714,0.0002807286,0.0002506986,0.00110369,0.0001772857,0.0001302614,0.009676122,0.5387326,0.4401828,0.002703026,0.000768466,0.005939224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003399088,0.0003755614,0.001155538,0.0003141586,0.00001432503,0.00003841313,0.000897343,0.9403923,0.05456822,0.000001176672,0.001576663,0.0003264098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927009,0.002478299,0.002069518,0.0000198408,0.001271906,0.0006134076,0.00001182666,0.0007483705,0.00008593093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999329,0.000003098434,0.00003563097,0.000007604459,0.0001788718,0.0003587665,0.000003855351,0.00003430626,0.00004886969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4016597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5726104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400799224","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102750","title":"On the evaluation of mono-nanofluids’ density using a radial basis function neural network optimized by evolutionary algorithms","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Radial basis function; Nanofluid; Artificial neural network; Algorithm; Basis (linear algebra); Function (biology); Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Biology; Geometry; Evolutionary biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02200627677084317,"gpt":0.2408587417538725,"spread":0.2188524649830293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001172496,0.0001392233,0.0001207621,0.00008775448,0.0001496907,0.00007843821,0.0001241897,0.0000538389,0.00003471277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001646563,0.000102485,0.00003975471,0.0005529544,0.0001472955,0.0002634491,0.00001913038,0.0001367333,0.000002318867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001164438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005941263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001019154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.267236e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987626,0.00002507334,0.0001501017,0.0001894581,0.0005488502,0.0003238807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996485,0.00005911017,0.000006404415,0.0001241085,0.00009208643,0.00006978855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002624132,0.00001128713,0.00004800409,0.0000513901,0.00003761445,0.000001428912,0.0001699675,0.8854945,0.06834877,0.0006998554,0.0003019637,0.04480894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001659968,0.00004574623,0.003521085,0.00006968607,0.00006372367,0.000005851676,0.000007283887,0.9902627,0.005622391,0.00003810646,0.00007626857,0.0001211681],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820245,0.007011279,0.009475604,0.00006149674,0.000893717,0.000276398,0.000005806221,0.0001869553,0.00006422738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990847,0.00004784214,0.0006391789,0.00001093842,0.0001627088,0.00003033433,0.000002258888,0.0000190841,0.00000300076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1047681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4179215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403916447","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103020","title":"Experimental investigation of heat transfer augmentation of impinging jet solar air heater with stepped transverse ribs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology Rourkela","keywords":"Transverse plane; Heat transfer; Jet (fluid); Rib cage; Materials science; Mechanics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009455160884710016,"gpt":0.2147268219467702,"spread":0.2052716610620602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002632689,0.0001455638,0.0001469798,0.0001774325,0.00003674718,0.00003134223,0.000100849,0.00003822129,0.00001164934],"category_scores_gemma":[8.874964e-7,0.0001198751,0.00002495054,0.0004160893,0.0001919022,0.0005068924,0.000006464748,0.00008673432,7.450691e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005051088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000341804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001001097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.747776e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990934,0.000007336579,0.0001808205,0.0001681424,0.0003040792,0.000246194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997801,0.00001147881,0.000002205692,0.00008870468,0.00002958304,0.00008794132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001444761,0.000006414472,0.0001048431,0.0003933227,0.0000217988,0.00000391705,0.005316868,0.03396137,0.9582371,0.0002489335,3.354569e-7,0.001690669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002538859,0.0001489835,0.001569402,0.0002297271,0.00001983659,0.000008789136,0.0001555965,0.1122887,0.8851888,0.000002212928,0.000007007137,0.0001270049],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813325,0.0005796315,0.01746772,0.00002931597,0.000134006,0.0002118267,0.000007347643,0.0002042933,0.0000333995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990484,0.000007998654,0.0008668936,0.000003806738,0.0000171262,0.00002615318,0.000002533009,0.00002646665,6.791709e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07832736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4888364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405260247","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103116","title":"Machine learning approach to balance heat transfer and pressure loss in a dimpled tube: Generative adversarial networks in computational fluid dynamics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Sharif University of Technology; York University","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Heat transfer; Generative grammar; Tube (container); Computer science; Mechanics; Adversarial system; Balance (ability); Dynamics (music); Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Psychology; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00435500094889448,"gpt":0.1954729691918906,"spread":0.1911179682429961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003448436,0.0001621511,0.0001586636,0.0001886535,0.00005443822,0.0001441486,0.0001172205,0.00005535119,0.000002268737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007050855,0.0001500704,0.00001457882,0.0005821875,0.00008193321,0.0002263793,0.00004613672,0.0002651782,4.468784e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006927896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001939263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002988781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001519915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990279,0.00001134114,0.0001513424,0.0002781322,0.0001863791,0.0003449214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999801,0.00002621047,0.000001768907,0.00005801422,0.00001753644,0.00009549667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001112393,0.00001068576,0.002681913,0.00009590969,0.00001056852,0.00001181906,0.0008439469,0.9900541,0.0005266514,0.00245492,8.248041e-7,0.003297516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002546619,0.00002671915,0.01762625,0.00006764221,0.000005142781,0.00001231975,0.00000711944,0.9817402,0.00001139431,0.000008815093,0.00006199766,0.0001776745],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9518079,0.004225396,0.0431212,0.00007820761,0.0002289082,0.0002717105,0.00001275149,0.0001488503,0.0001050678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983734,0.00007751208,0.001404596,0.000008062304,0.00005494763,0.00003982605,0.00001386885,0.00002189947,0.000005925852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04656545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6119691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407367532","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103379","title":"On the proper integration of pre-heating tanks in ground source heat pump systems combined with photovoltaic-thermal panels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; National Research Council Canada; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","keywords":"Heat pump; Photovoltaic system; Thermal; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Thermal energy storage; Air source heat pumps; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00984111191243835,"gpt":0.2155799335658442,"spread":0.2057388216534059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005815538,0.0001495639,0.0001744867,0.0001259389,0.0001574902,0.0001092683,0.0002625321,0.00004911312,0.00000685502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002854597,0.00008566266,0.00001757141,0.0007356703,0.0002995667,0.0001557595,0.00004536971,0.0001397889,0.000001277273],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005145459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005111762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003187812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004308991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989504,0.00003183026,0.0002305652,0.0002345783,0.0002772473,0.0002754142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995004,0.00006948337,0.00005015914,0.0002465135,0.0000907818,0.00004267332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000765084,0.0000659334,0.0008013541,0.000093148,0.00001751363,0.000001119555,0.001255111,0.6995891,0.2352485,0.05688868,0.000001210873,0.005961767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006905751,0.0003174905,0.08857316,0.001097249,0.00001856394,0.000007458679,0.000871079,0.8570791,0.05044454,0.00004321519,0.0005396726,0.0003178605],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973195,0.0001071688,0.0005096811,0.0001203651,0.00008041835,0.0004449531,9.278505e-7,0.00005908782,0.001357864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992464,0.000001768278,0.00005275101,0.00002518075,0.00002258634,0.0002961778,0.000001034112,0.00001369618,0.0003404727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.184804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.481904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306404229","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101514","title":"Multi-objective optimization of metal hydride hydrogen storage tank with phase change material","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Hydrogen Storage and Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Hydride; Hydrogen storage; Phase-change material; Materials science; Metal; Hydrogen; Phase change; Phase (matter); Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Waste management; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01763234914223921,"gpt":0.2495606620727564,"spread":0.2319283129305172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009730788,0.0001614956,0.0002299421,0.000137734,0.0002982219,0.00007724093,0.0003261954,0.00002525526,0.0003788011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001729027,0.000132627,0.00002051656,0.0004028471,0.0003133721,0.0005718814,0.0002534401,0.00006170128,0.000002531732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007224981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006838085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007205894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.763997e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985293,0.00004656877,0.0001926443,0.0003330912,0.0005231355,0.0003752443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994957,0.000010083,0.0001176093,0.0001884701,0.00007900392,0.00010911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001097177,0.00009940185,0.00002084261,0.00002910152,0.000008036903,0.00002754184,0.001310919,0.05516739,0.9423608,0.00002673871,7.108164e-7,0.0008387854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008753725,0.0005207154,0.0001975144,0.00001666086,0.00003228254,0.0000618616,0.0001373396,0.05010187,0.9476216,0.000001057218,0.0001738686,0.0002598847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982369,0.000163259,0.0006396967,0.00001924951,0.0003398178,0.0003907125,0.00009412129,0.0001008279,0.00001542365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949931,0.000003985521,0.004642924,0.00001647969,0.00008236264,0.0002217952,0.000008162109,0.00002172721,0.000009445738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005260762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5408371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406872568","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103299","title":"Advanced thermal intermittency management using a multi-PCM double-fluid slab-finned heat exchanger: design, CFD modeling, and performance evaluation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Windsor","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Heat exchanger; Intermittency; Materials science; Slab; Thermal management of electronic devices and systems; Mechanics; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Turbulence; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07035638115164329,"gpt":0.325075155239303,"spread":0.2547187740876597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001203969,0.0002290923,0.0001864183,0.000351494,0.0001966635,0.00019373,0.0002954183,0.00005623973,0.00001553378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000123545,0.0002114508,0.00001687899,0.000539269,0.0001496198,0.0005988582,0.0002281988,0.0001169701,0.000002264675],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001775642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003785593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008719279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.305204e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984228,0.00002147848,0.0002080462,0.0003424957,0.0004364722,0.0005687183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995015,0.00001186907,0.00001427772,0.0002347304,0.0001276061,0.0001100016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008428054,0.00002516575,0.0001108897,0.0004203589,0.00002909747,0.000005691904,0.0007604061,0.4582247,0.394252,0.00002032829,0.000001496374,0.1460656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001021989,0.00004552767,0.001697832,0.0002445152,0.00002290863,0.000004798323,0.00005315527,0.9455292,0.05114714,0.000003547516,0.00001702479,0.0002123955],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808222,0.002449511,0.01521611,0.00003037315,0.0003176781,0.0007969165,0.000001835383,0.0002115128,0.0001538821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931656,0.0002849545,0.00622966,0.00001022371,0.0000399643,0.0002221805,0.000001834524,0.00002706672,0.00001857257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4873045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8622711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403465518","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102991","title":"Enhancing building energy efficiency: Innovations in glazing systems utilizing solid-solid phase change materials","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Glazing; Phase (matter); Phase change; Materials science; Solid surface; Process engineering; Architectural engineering; Environmental science; Engineering physics; Composite material; Engineering; Chemistry; Chemical physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0172297120186367,"gpt":0.2807120068193801,"spread":0.2634822948007434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006733179,0.0001809975,0.0001777558,0.0005073383,0.0001360395,0.0004046441,0.0001960168,0.00007103261,0.000005744166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001814752,0.0001765939,0.00001463814,0.001489307,0.0000829445,0.0007458412,0.00006466936,0.000119712,7.442919e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001170651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003616828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005018905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003158545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987128,0.000008573856,0.0002835747,0.0002698346,0.0002408744,0.0004843291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997091,0.00002550409,0.00002099479,0.0001293738,0.00004343769,0.00007153521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002535924,0.00001412783,0.00001524783,0.0002246578,0.00000981082,0.00001707108,0.0006137642,0.5162988,0.4539312,0.01418144,0.000002135104,0.0146893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001180698,0.00002209419,0.0001090794,0.0005264993,0.000006107314,0.00001795435,0.00004137186,0.8774733,0.1210707,0.000009941979,0.0003813719,0.000223471],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646727,0.004103697,0.02883495,0.00002624051,0.001389338,0.0001325905,0.000003862573,0.0007300242,0.000106622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987009,0.0001037014,0.0008130065,0.000009663016,0.0002057289,0.0001212044,0.000003945023,0.00003641692,0.000005420573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3611746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7201291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404031391","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103035","title":"Influence of pitch and height of pentagonal ribbed absorber plate of solar air heater for performance enhancement with environmental analysis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology Warangal","keywords":"Materials science; Performance enhancement; Optics; Environmental science; Acoustics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003614300968794296,"gpt":0.1851501378680519,"spread":0.1815358368992576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002474962,0.0001137209,0.0001877474,0.0001520652,0.00002503078,0.00001104284,0.0001031894,0.00002638337,0.000008514905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001004276,0.00008880268,0.00002460172,0.0002953557,0.0002117172,0.0002449754,0.00002225086,0.00005296473,2.615315e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002123017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001461913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002767652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.967646e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992136,0.000002336365,0.0001790368,0.0001570119,0.0002422346,0.0002057798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998049,0.00001511292,0.00001128649,0.00009439646,0.00001884362,0.00005543093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002696453,0.0000185302,0.003381007,0.0009258097,0.0001717547,0.000001413262,0.00122453,0.1967983,0.7922903,0.0001009444,1.932768e-7,0.005060292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000159863,0.0001774738,0.06051692,0.0001148605,0.00009484684,0.000003362079,0.00001627171,0.2482613,0.6905264,0.000002225226,0.00001586332,0.0001106312],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940113,0.0005188911,0.005218853,0.000007876207,0.00002408631,0.0001613621,0.00001706419,0.00002960663,0.00001099135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982089,0.00007482463,0.001666888,0.000001585723,0.000006082748,0.00002511165,0.000001933613,0.00001210292,0.000002548925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1017639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3621269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408200422","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103475","title":"Experimental investigation of integrated systems for biohydrogen and biomethane production: Effects of thermal parameters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Production (economics); Biogas production; Process engineering; Thermal; Biogas; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Physics; Methane; Hydrogen; Thermodynamics; Economics; Anaerobic digestion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01024797940027584,"gpt":0.2438628579204715,"spread":0.2336148785201956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004234445,0.0001146428,0.0001973248,0.0002451136,0.00003695371,0.00001402526,0.0001227891,0.00004678675,3.292536e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001482052,0.00009241428,0.00002454906,0.0006631144,0.0003612752,0.0001863834,0.00005904015,0.00005242865,6.773638e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005004399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003451679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004749492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.145145e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992386,0.000006927641,0.0001977934,0.0001980953,0.0001669351,0.0001916417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996206,0.000055916,0.00006228204,0.0001225158,0.00007986493,0.00005883408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001844563,0.00001089841,0.0002996604,0.0008213746,0.00002895314,3.549773e-7,0.0003840778,0.001385087,0.9922641,0.0002455653,2.608496e-7,0.00454125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002327822,0.00006155838,0.0007172931,0.0002778745,0.00002225127,0.000004791066,0.0000781905,0.03376511,0.9647363,0.000002640848,0.00001295492,0.00008823951],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956964,0.003240317,0.0003332791,0.00001813568,0.0002500886,0.0003997638,0.000002869758,0.00005099952,0.000008184191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989882,0.000006909864,0.000885175,0.000001376997,0.00001718835,0.00007653349,0.000002907978,0.00000944557,0.00001223979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03238003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3768545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404564475","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103059","title":"Effect of foulant on temperature and steam quality profiles in once-through steam generator tubes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Boiler (water heating); Heat recovery steam generator; Vapor quality; Superheated steam; Surface condenser; Steam drum; Steam-electric power station; Materials science; Waste management; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Thermal power station; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Power (physics); Combined cycle; Engineering; Heat transfer coefficient; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006947466675001674,"gpt":0.25654250758507,"spread":0.2495950409100683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008777221,0.0002514954,0.0002809057,0.0001717612,0.00004156516,0.0001101241,0.0001965002,0.00009563284,0.000004528692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004194281,0.0002016723,0.00002839987,0.0005275163,0.0001949958,0.0003403988,0.00006731332,0.0002944698,0.000003798385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007917767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002338098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008390038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.512933e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987353,0.00002654709,0.0002248999,0.0003025128,0.0003196856,0.0003910648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995745,0.00009297783,0.00001020971,0.0002034658,0.00002292065,0.00009591173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005040028,0.00003195579,0.0005995168,0.003006306,0.00005038157,0.00004839803,0.001806918,0.2151439,0.7102504,0.001914668,0.00003711251,0.06706005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006606778,0.0007365582,0.03087899,0.001239155,0.00003048451,0.00004121122,0.00006410116,0.4181606,0.5456783,0.00001361065,0.001668605,0.0008276411],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940747,0.004647608,0.00002082399,0.00003095517,0.0003265548,0.0002653895,0.000009293531,0.0004110617,0.000213601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993643,0.0001497106,0.000290111,0.000006626453,0.00009497129,0.00003630447,0.000001360824,0.00004945041,0.000007196197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2030167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8223959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}