{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d8a5430aeeac","filters":{"venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2939290232","doi":"10.1007/s13530-019-0388-2","title":"Levels, Distributions and Health Risk Assessment of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Found in Drinking Groundwater of Dehgolan’s Villages, Iran","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hospital for Sick Children; Ilam University of Medical Sciences","keywords":"Hazard quotient; Environmental health; Health risk assessment; Risk assessment; Arsenic; Environmental science; Cadmium; Environmental chemistry; Toxicology; Groundwater; Ingestion; Health risk; Contamination; Medicine; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Hadi Rezaei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Zarei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bahram Kamarehie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Jafari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yadolah Fakhri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Farzam Bidarpoor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Amin Karami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mansoureh Farhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mansour Ghaderpoori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hossein Sadeghi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Naseh Shalyari","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03789929496835666,"gpt":0.3247034326042154,"spread":0.2868041376358588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002442195,0.0001927368,0.0004578328,0.00008440342,0.0003295642,0.00001307942,0.0001623716,0.00009978771,0.0002863005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001092884,0.0001695866,0.00002571256,0.0001645252,0.002192963,0.0002557829,0.0003930113,0.0002282304,0.00000846577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004114843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004611575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001873965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002035454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976035,0.0003213013,0.0006066333,0.0005870961,0.0003453576,0.0005361364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991066,0.0001414247,0.0003617943,0.000200828,7.952988e-7,0.0001885093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007220045,0.0001915668,0.9885532,0.00006017443,0.000006168793,0.000001006301,0.0006318643,0.000271097,0.003529786,0.0002016997,0.00001209609,0.006534155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005183047,0.001149427,0.9947993,0.00004029756,0.000006332575,0.00003029657,0.0008699283,0.001375037,0.0002733796,0.0005214343,0.0002713581,0.0001449127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967727,0.00115096,0.0002249818,0.0009128955,0.0001030433,0.0005364215,0.00004216907,0.000006504442,0.0002502899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945875,0.002187597,0.002794635,0.0003424376,0.000007451113,0.00001462876,0.000008465828,0.000008034724,0.00004925408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006389242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8080062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082738322","doi":"10.1007/s13530-020-00067-1","title":"Anticancer and therapeutic potential of Delonix regia extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against pancreatic (Panc-1) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","topic":"Biological Stains and Phytochemicals","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Aqua regia; Silver nanoparticle; Chemistry; MTT assay; MCF-7; Cytotoxicity; Viability assay; Apoptosis; Cancer cell; IC50; TUNEL assay; Traditional medicine; Cancer; Biochemistry; In vitro; Biology; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Human breast; Medicine; Organic chemistry; Metal","authors":[{"name":"Mobina Shameli Rajiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahsa Aminsalehi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahsa Shahbandeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Maleki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Parissa Jonoubi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02397678526566979,"gpt":0.2837187909349084,"spread":0.2597420056692386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000178439,0.000116072,0.000294803,0.00001226337,0.0001980257,0.000009357638,0.00003814693,0.00008518541,0.000101779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004711464,0.00007960539,0.0000158365,0.00005281287,0.001562806,0.00005337303,0.00006660569,0.00009789228,4.676567e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002146781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003454095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009010159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001694231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990637,0.00005360473,0.0001956927,0.0003266795,0.0001016724,0.0002587082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995206,0.00006865637,0.0000877067,0.00004863045,0.000002779482,0.0002716182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002955938,0.0001587407,0.2921784,0.0002388438,0.00002192236,0.000006832627,0.0006400408,0.000003712241,0.626002,0.00005742568,0.00003608202,0.08036039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001390776,0.002361561,0.975864,0.00006933315,0.00007028189,0.0001075712,0.001440892,0.002015101,0.01588956,0.0002028522,0.0004080339,0.0001800218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688775,0.0254428,0.000005336228,0.005321608,0.00001850746,0.0002295394,0.00002919142,0.00000754805,0.00006800077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767923,0.01834914,0.000221611,0.004570265,0.00003863835,0.000009762934,0.000002510267,0.000003992902,0.00001171734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6836856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5758225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393144339","doi":"10.1007/s13530-024-00211-1","title":"Oxidative stress status and antioxidative responses in neonate versus adult Daphnia magna exposed to polystyrene leachate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Helsingin Yliopisto","keywords":"Daphnia magna; Catalase; Aquatic ecosystem; Microplastics; Oxidative stress; Superoxide dismutase; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Toxicity; Biology; Toxicology; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Maranda Esterhuizen‐Londt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michela Monticelli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sang‐Ah Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Youngsam Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephan Pflugmacher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Young Jun Kim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01882274071386391,"gpt":0.280087565771614,"spread":0.2612648250577501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004842293,0.0001694634,0.0001788884,0.0001435114,0.0003393889,0.00004845642,0.0001070114,0.00007246943,0.0004307977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004510507,0.0001471956,0.00001449123,0.0002665595,0.001030456,0.0002404344,0.0002120058,0.0001611123,0.00009127936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002212405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000422637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005946283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001424208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982567,0.0001756245,0.0002421,0.0005794443,0.0001984979,0.0005476319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992521,0.0003451053,0.00005250543,0.00007857394,8.994444e-7,0.0002707502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003257947,0.0006759454,0.2841471,0.0002042976,0.00006257721,0.0001820124,0.02860113,0.002970336,0.4253853,0.004828628,0.001169285,0.2485155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001577094,0.004805382,0.960366,0.000184152,0.00001868486,0.00003891343,0.005537987,0.008864798,0.01375928,0.0007678124,0.003492944,0.0005869411],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965751,0.0009574323,0.0001925973,0.001103029,0.0003077879,0.000268082,0.0002170952,0.00002021924,0.0003586325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970855,0.00135895,0.0008446884,0.0004668238,0.00001616318,0.0000163657,0.00001255459,0.000006751558,0.0001921663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6762189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6002461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978230154","doi":"10.1007/s13530-012-0123-8","title":"The relationship between the change in digital infrared thermography imaging and preoperative and postoperative pain or disability in HNP patients","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","topic":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"McGill Pain Questionnaire; Medicine; Thermography; Rating scale; Physical therapy; Visual analogue scale; Surgery; Anesthesia; Psychology; Infrared","authors":[{"name":"Juhyun Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Il-Hyun Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bokyung Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jung Hwan Kim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03728648926480193,"gpt":0.3195269136133788,"spread":0.2822404243485768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002049138,0.0001162974,0.0001791128,0.00006843112,0.0005985986,0.00002229551,0.00006486057,0.00005064283,0.00001097272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001994778,0.00005743784,0.0000127844,0.0002250815,0.003426327,0.0003536763,0.00007435928,0.0002529828,3.747145e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006172719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001948453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006092434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007975558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987012,0.000343804,0.0002483155,0.0002119348,0.0001444616,0.0003503031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981938,0.001520118,0.00006662036,0.00009471558,0.000002355269,0.0001223974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006715734,0.00008786767,0.9661962,0.0000125113,0.000003491218,5.388308e-7,0.01051103,7.003472e-8,0.000003430641,0.0001117458,0.000007727212,0.02299823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006671041,0.0007132427,0.9918154,0.00004612988,0.000005017619,0.000007662788,0.006137385,0.00004875769,0.000003134505,0.0004332183,0.00006124829,0.00006165261],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991077,0.002758279,0.000001742049,0.005038755,0.00004385362,0.0009148873,0.00002118985,0.00000567495,0.0001386131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974815,0.0002759667,0.00003386773,0.002066467,0.00003768575,0.00007850739,0.00001196319,0.000004245687,0.000009847301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02561924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405582545","doi":"10.1007/s13530-024-00245-5","title":"Evaluation of phenolic content, antimicrobial susceptibility, and cytotoxic effects of Vaccinium corymbosum L. fruit extracts at different ripening stages","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","topic":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Vaccinium; Ripening; Antimicrobial; Food science; Chemistry; Botany; Horticulture; Biology; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mahsa Salehi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saeid Afshar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia Hooker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Maleki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ashkan Golshani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bahram Samanfar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05258330977309263,"gpt":0.3285900948435443,"spread":0.2760067850704517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007741053,0.0001172561,0.000340316,0.0000844898,0.0001393582,0.000008368625,0.00004470688,0.00009105568,0.00005402978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003578379,0.00008854744,0.00003697482,0.00005786828,0.0008650453,0.0001055878,0.00009142279,0.0001310634,9.932951e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001020151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006286403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002321452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002941318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987788,0.0001298394,0.0002682461,0.0003032982,0.0002961209,0.0002237409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994636,0.000243114,0.000113222,0.00007659769,0.000006920881,0.00009655833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004932683,0.000182936,0.08765937,0.0007667022,0.0000217348,0.000001861029,0.0005664512,9.94307e-7,0.9056921,0.00003501983,0.00003242089,0.004991082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007126855,0.001157164,0.5263695,0.0003119857,0.00008148386,0.00004385574,0.0002941882,0.0006803547,0.4701422,0.0001289864,0.000009084843,0.00006855933],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932134,0.005619352,0.000006793573,0.0004021619,0.0001516851,0.0005092137,0.00002175869,0.00001159047,0.00006405853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983755,0.00132669,0.00004520097,0.00014534,0.00002869966,0.00001153308,0.000007140566,0.000005168512,0.00005471652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4387101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.361086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}