{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1653,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":1653,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ee520882dd15","filters":{"venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board"}},"results":[{"id":"W2118568602","doi":"10.3141/2143-19","title":"Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Holdings","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":465,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"San José State University; Arizona State University; California Department of Transportation; University of California, Davis; U.S. Department of Transportation","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Car ownership; Business; Car sharing; Distribution (mathematics); Population; Sample (material); Transport engineering; Geography; Agricultural economics; Public transport; Economics; Engineering; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Elliot Martin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan Shaheen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey Lidicker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09140560127732204,"gpt":0.3781498309417686,"spread":0.2867442296644466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002504759,0.0002688832,0.0004476329,0.001316747,0.0003258236,0.00008055849,0.0009685943,0.0002421836,0.0003469083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001497608,0.0002078097,0.0005314177,0.003085728,0.0005323135,0.0005503659,0.000003210142,0.003482451,0.00001294496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001825509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004556014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00384511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0183253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947003,0.0002117757,0.001484447,0.0002910329,0.002575763,0.0007366771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949733,0.0006333003,0.0002835366,0.000618975,0.003155825,0.0003350713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000694456,0.0004504501,0.7084329,0.0002948242,0.0003626039,0.0000432635,0.002824623,0.04650487,0.2230403,0.008849109,0.004696938,0.00380572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001144669,0.0004926267,0.9823371,0.0001814148,0.00003624874,4.377087e-7,0.0003501957,0.000336758,0.01230824,0.0009316913,0.00169967,0.0001809812],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973223,0.00004890599,0.0003105695,0.000370554,0.0006984345,0.0006400341,0.0002206738,0.00007631025,0.0003122794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986445,0.0002563287,0.0006822026,0.00001517111,0.0001417936,0.00004337477,0.0000242442,0.00007826199,0.0001141746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2739042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074818071","doi":"10.3141/1840-04","title":"Modeling Traffic Crash-Flow Relationships for Intersections: Dispersion Parameter, Functional Form, and Bayes Versus Empirical Bayes Methods","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bayes' theorem; Goodness of fit; Set (abstract data type); Intersection (aeronautics); Computer science; Econometrics; Dispersion (optics); Measure (data warehouse); Data set; Mathematics; Statistics; Data mining; Bayesian probability; Geography; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Shaw‐Pin Miaou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominique Lord","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.202423303682063,"gpt":0.4115367028027564,"spread":0.2091133991206934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005182596,0.0002724918,0.0004037,0.0008323955,0.001010537,0.0001141317,0.0003525055,0.0002757313,0.00008944264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006654645,0.0002130742,0.0004140585,0.001152422,0.0003255459,0.0006883138,0.000003650915,0.002136193,0.000004280324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002511379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002640679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001550103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008580384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951436,0.001155047,0.001163441,0.0003777125,0.001436045,0.0007241887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943677,0.003461044,0.0001234973,0.0002881438,0.001391512,0.0003681732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003084479,0.0002665987,0.02610353,0.0004836542,0.0005049832,0.0000147236,0.005110949,0.9194075,0.0006920777,0.002372759,0.004292361,0.03766637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007338238,0.001342797,0.3100473,0.000513244,0.0002786782,0.000004793984,0.01099144,0.6435019,0.0006384635,0.006925997,0.01775444,0.0006627452],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7144752,0.0005228432,0.2825327,0.0005677591,0.001049148,0.0006822862,0.00004734113,0.0000642103,0.00005851996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9515928,0.001405557,0.04650581,0.00001073758,0.0001415216,0.0001188346,0.0000330016,0.0000692408,0.000122499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2839437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9280814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113687967","doi":"10.3141/1831-13","title":"Prototype Model of Household Activity-Travel Scheduling","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":384,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Scheduling (production processes); Microsimulation; Travel behavior; Operations research; Computer science; Transport engineering; Operations management; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Eric J. Miller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew J. Roorda","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1726971147138242,"gpt":0.4070273230975874,"spread":0.2343302083837632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008561936,0.0002210894,0.0004695714,0.001003925,0.001154542,0.0001081149,0.0008940856,0.0002913167,0.0001770125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005705889,0.0001860717,0.0003826191,0.002617799,0.001054103,0.0008851556,0.000002288107,0.001880075,0.000005848872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002102894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002322335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008619078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02673002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9909952,0.002021956,0.001276289,0.0003701591,0.004455063,0.0008812948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934488,0.0008898503,0.0006848912,0.0003923758,0.004175871,0.0004082214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003160553,0.001138982,0.4230599,0.0006310565,0.000305075,0.00005677965,0.04158564,0.346909,0.01932784,0.1588072,0.001454928,0.003562978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004142428,0.001041248,0.9245423,0.001128139,0.0001927779,4.747403e-7,0.01939445,0.003215799,0.01832509,0.017394,0.0099208,0.0007024631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701773,0.000118945,0.02471672,0.001407194,0.0003863097,0.001329853,0.00007565304,0.0000350517,0.001752968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874935,0.0008421227,0.01051993,0.0000237951,0.0000906737,0.00006425368,0.000008592436,0.00005136164,0.0009058397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5014824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979826,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106913814","doi":"10.3141/2314-09","title":"Better Understanding of Factors Influencing Likelihood of Using Shared Bicycle Systems and Frequency of Use","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":341,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Public transport; Business; Flexibility (engineering); Sustainable transport; Transport engineering; Variety (cybernetics); Cycling; Marketing; Sustainability; Advertising; Engineering; Geography; Psychology; Computer science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Julie Bachand-Marleau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian H. Y. Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmed El-Geneidy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2536408959674276,"gpt":0.4193444933943952,"spread":0.1657035974269676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005922451,0.0001762619,0.0005777965,0.0009064265,0.0004898795,0.00007166147,0.0006293792,0.0002046593,0.0001235001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002670645,0.000136581,0.000291696,0.00181057,0.00143022,0.002035487,0.000005900365,0.0009014689,3.422017e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002794456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007130041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.115015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04186438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929781,0.001159843,0.001708442,0.0002271518,0.003155193,0.0007712739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946448,0.001230568,0.0009968296,0.0002996077,0.002452599,0.0003756229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002068657,0.0001552277,0.9587311,0.0004926432,0.000110232,0.000003698215,0.02243927,0.00009344464,0.01578151,0.001831314,0.0000294301,0.0001253229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005678519,0.0001267591,0.9707095,0.0006514983,0.00008315071,5.479207e-8,0.02312292,0.00002436762,0.002726414,0.001812806,0.00005839378,0.000116298],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971258,0.0004945496,0.0010194,0.0001766805,0.0003080385,0.0006693333,0.0001342287,0.000008655002,0.00006332262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985688,0.0002249454,0.001042201,0.000003879869,0.00009421932,0.000005574769,0.000007626137,0.00002641261,0.00002635849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07315063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9756191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013003379","doi":"10.3141/1751-01","title":"Safety Effect of Roundabout Conversions in the United States: Empirical Bayes Observational Before-After Study","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":326,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Roundabout; Bayes' theorem; Transport engineering; Poison control; Crash; Sample (material); Traffic flow (computer networking); Engineering; Empirical research; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Environmental health; Bayesian probability; Computer security; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Bhagwant Persaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard A. Retting","is_ca":false},{"name":"Per Gårder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominique Lord","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07931304520447531,"gpt":0.381353201553313,"spread":0.3020401563488377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006777092,0.0002539691,0.0004864934,0.001050054,0.0003510581,0.00006503303,0.0009967156,0.0001573129,0.0002818528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001248381,0.0001518083,0.0003142743,0.003616334,0.0004567648,0.0004341001,0.000005897685,0.002186808,0.00001073142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002269904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002453998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003733558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03694084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9922643,0.002065265,0.001497779,0.0002607759,0.003223092,0.000688803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955725,0.002281307,0.0001812772,0.0004232831,0.001343239,0.0001984113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002687627,0.0003386094,0.9339795,0.0001655032,0.0001636724,0.0001709157,0.01349522,0.04598641,0.00003646932,0.000155603,0.001344102,0.00147643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002490166,0.001280792,0.9777704,0.0001998857,0.00005930245,0.000001024059,0.005752451,0.002153525,0.00004300302,0.0002289412,0.009890159,0.0001303076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948713,0.0001127359,0.001025982,0.002166213,0.0002805792,0.001361102,0.00008609361,0.00003068771,0.00006531493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986054,0.0007962171,0.0001421319,0.00004463412,0.00009061304,0.0000914829,0.00007491111,0.00004206478,0.0001125913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04383289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9806325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977025899","doi":"10.3141/1840-08","title":"Real-Time Crash Prediction Model for Application to Crash Prevention in Freeway Traffic","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":306,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Crash; Traffic flow (computer networking); Statistical model; Probabilistic logic; Poison control; Engineering; Computer science; Transport engineering; Computer security; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Chris Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruce Hellinga","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank Saccomanno","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04360518644812779,"gpt":0.338428962292591,"spread":0.2948237758444632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004364498,0.0002569777,0.0004207547,0.001128812,0.000339494,0.00006849043,0.0006247661,0.000260487,0.00007876661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001174735,0.0002226545,0.0003284576,0.00191923,0.0001514401,0.0005217589,0.000002570766,0.001215514,0.00002576569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004495441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004384473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003191684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01777412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948591,0.0005107682,0.001459209,0.0003991821,0.001919407,0.000852306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971353,0.0004803852,0.0001753662,0.0004138676,0.001433979,0.0003610714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005161655,0.0002659277,0.01685924,0.0002816786,0.00008205909,0.000007273406,0.00255717,0.9488176,0.01280828,0.001631492,0.005902741,0.01027036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003685674,0.0007718775,0.710332,0.0004913844,0.0000768366,7.934142e-7,0.001037983,0.2689509,0.002138151,0.004736528,0.007355523,0.0004223517],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9085227,0.00005592747,0.08776681,0.000528964,0.0003102707,0.002331962,0.0001224263,0.00009625919,0.0002646462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893381,0.0007259822,0.008415114,0.00001036521,0.0001136327,0.0004256505,0.00005023651,0.00008914553,0.0008317507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6934727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9918377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087854787","doi":"10.3141/2387-06","title":"Station-Level Forecasting of Bikesharing Ridership","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":281,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"WiLAN (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Transport engineering; Consistency (knowledge bases); Regression analysis; Range (aeronautics); Population; Computer science; Statistics; Engineering; Mathematics; Environmental health","authors":[{"name":"R. Alexander Rixey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3104717152258833,"gpt":0.432147793857851,"spread":0.1216760786319677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007830494,0.0002179351,0.0004866959,0.000963799,0.001225178,0.0002106264,0.001534402,0.0002237608,0.001945799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006913369,0.0001714523,0.0004545759,0.002881343,0.001555108,0.001760054,0.000006872972,0.001841657,0.0000251602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002564141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001307007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1357097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2283089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903308,0.001487651,0.001838221,0.0003926268,0.004870373,0.001080375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9890847,0.001880948,0.0007852957,0.0004318916,0.007328916,0.0004882502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003518195,0.0002519904,0.9603691,0.0003177803,0.0001094047,0.00001817737,0.01718802,0.0003594958,0.001630679,0.003998837,0.003738377,0.01166634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008651743,0.0002451216,0.9669731,0.0003907147,0.00003913397,4.7691e-8,0.01279333,0.0001003453,0.001522187,0.01293725,0.003958129,0.000175496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922655,0.0001833874,0.001055365,0.003303562,0.0004575414,0.001269731,0.00007408834,0.00002533598,0.001365454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954959,0.000342577,0.002169031,0.00002498767,0.0002555469,0.00006719553,0.00001680881,0.00003986707,0.001588069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09259923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115855457","doi":"10.3141/1717-13","title":"Accident Prediction Models With and Without Trend: Application of the Generalized Estimating Equations Procedure","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Generalized estimating equation; Accident (philosophy); Gee; Reliability (semiconductor); Calibration; Computer science; Sample (material); Econometrics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Dominique Lord","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bhagwant Persaud","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04464191685917755,"gpt":0.3230982874749503,"spread":0.2784563706157728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001430898,0.0001862322,0.0002965074,0.000320603,0.0004753184,0.00005331464,0.000511127,0.00012757,0.00007292953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000267548,0.0001135387,0.0001524404,0.001256362,0.0003711117,0.0005422501,0.000003105453,0.001100167,0.000001929915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001113098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002169409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001199419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01685977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960997,0.0003327885,0.0009388288,0.0002353221,0.001972601,0.0004207248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982502,0.0002116112,0.0002107821,0.0003464161,0.0008087996,0.0001721345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000684568,0.0001090639,0.1624209,0.0002835555,0.0001679154,0.000002643199,0.004088352,0.8032522,0.001391935,0.001907717,0.0005655125,0.02512559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001606609,0.000216256,0.8013477,0.0003931099,0.00009398918,0.000001624925,0.0006518191,0.1921795,0.000681828,0.001888307,0.0007976004,0.0001416923],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637521,0.0001968903,0.03388339,0.0007643529,0.0001461132,0.0009766764,0.00005804545,0.00004907457,0.0001733887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937034,0.0005334652,0.005250552,0.000009546494,0.0001010786,0.0001011535,0.00001798382,0.00004550323,0.0002373615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6389267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9408149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061344455","doi":"10.3141/1784-01","title":"Analysis of Crash Precursors on Instrumented Freeways","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Crash; Transport engineering; Traffic flow (computer networking); Environmental science; Engineering; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Chris Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank Saccomanno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruce Hellinga","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07141870774629518,"gpt":0.3259423434649479,"spread":0.2545236357186527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002035594,0.0002389841,0.0005979888,0.002261532,0.0002840221,0.00004597513,0.0009319084,0.0001960342,0.001105643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007886868,0.0001800488,0.0006594239,0.005045787,0.0004353335,0.0003426938,0.000003554609,0.001841174,0.00002621827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001904163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000878928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009813273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01311448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938108,0.000543469,0.001406827,0.0002787033,0.003255631,0.0007045271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99669,0.0007068033,0.0002622652,0.0005045821,0.001521057,0.0003153435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001036295,0.0008588204,0.5589616,0.0005133326,0.00410438,0.0001085471,0.00951049,0.3672369,0.003266588,0.002868608,0.01614709,0.03538737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001150385,0.0005106921,0.9792345,0.0002266974,0.0003190836,1.616312e-7,0.0009973699,0.0101735,0.001695747,0.0002108099,0.005297402,0.0001837219],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961454,0.0002185674,0.0007512312,0.0007240871,0.0004149017,0.0004989945,0.0001465454,0.00005602492,0.001044222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970793,0.001906233,0.0004462161,0.00001459279,0.00007681494,0.00002479919,0.0000202325,0.0000495101,0.0003823606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4202728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030559516","doi":"10.3141/1840-10","title":"Macrolevel Accident Prediction Models for Evaluating Safety of Urban Transportation Systems","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Negative binomial distribution; Intersection (aeronautics); Regression analysis; Transport engineering; Traffic volume; Linear regression; Geography; Statistics; Time series; Variables; Econometrics; Computer science; Environmental science; Mathematics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Hadayeghi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amer Shalaby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bhagwant Persaud","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1057833778982795,"gpt":0.3641746532956399,"spread":0.2583912753973603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006972538,0.0003308865,0.0006550618,0.0008654672,0.0005361692,0.00007548831,0.0007295273,0.0003056013,0.0000817226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001413934,0.0002704576,0.0005532101,0.001532779,0.000304885,0.000844392,0.000001632266,0.00150428,0.00000389203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003558261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005678869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009658444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004771696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9918722,0.0008744596,0.002514489,0.0003928203,0.003433348,0.000912701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937532,0.001030447,0.0004899601,0.0004623916,0.003925118,0.0003388687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001870832,0.0002277374,0.07433049,0.001215161,0.0004466427,0.00001556996,0.005565233,0.8865497,0.005118605,0.01616814,0.004223733,0.004268154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00593008,0.001346304,0.9105793,0.001283684,0.0003031803,0.000001643224,0.006024241,0.05445005,0.004773912,0.004538578,0.01026476,0.0005042765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8796465,0.001043102,0.114359,0.0002080873,0.001428277,0.002394892,0.0005516079,0.00008556258,0.0002829313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941079,0.001359684,0.003708036,0.0000062387,0.0001531578,0.000187718,0.00008617927,0.0001034359,0.0002876633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8362488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007978129","doi":"10.3141/2140-05","title":"Automated Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts Using Video Data","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Indigenous Peoples' Health; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pedestrian; Intersection (aeronautics); Computer science; Collision; Traffic conflict; Pedestrian crossing; Transport engineering; Reliability (semiconductor); Data collection; Process (computing); Set (abstract data type); Computer security; Traffic congestion; Engineering; Floating car data; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Karim Ismail","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clark Lim","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.151563948846738,"gpt":0.4050832177045804,"spread":0.2535192688578424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003969732,0.0002307671,0.0006691426,0.001755938,0.000313575,0.00007363124,0.001613021,0.0002049831,0.0001785829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001088585,0.0001810209,0.0003980715,0.005436419,0.0003460001,0.0007199862,0.000007048201,0.001480998,0.0000056371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001706193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003332977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01400994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938239,0.0005815572,0.001606359,0.0003425114,0.002853842,0.0007917919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958754,0.0006024941,0.0003225333,0.0008912468,0.001951227,0.0003570678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001864152,0.0006254661,0.2372793,0.0005598631,0.003688274,0.0002289004,0.005623812,0.677304,0.04168144,0.0009590414,0.009793977,0.02039184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001031039,0.0002191645,0.8575871,0.0001712595,0.0004652335,3.322644e-7,0.0005390206,0.135701,0.001183978,0.0001771702,0.00276082,0.0001638661],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944932,0.0004146184,0.003156571,0.0006422725,0.0002661483,0.0004810925,0.0002674963,0.0001275849,0.0001510457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967297,0.0009827671,0.00198985,0.00001751648,0.00009036816,0.000004097752,0.00009019765,0.00003719642,0.00005835907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6203079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7817874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041855438","doi":"10.3141/2387-10","title":"Public Bikesharing in North America","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":208,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Public transport; Position (finance); Transport engineering; Public access; Business; Geography; Engineering; Political science; Public administration; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Susan Shaheen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Cohen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elliot Martin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1669858101126837,"gpt":0.4059837788780999,"spread":0.2389979687654163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004970044,0.0002238814,0.0004653302,0.001401214,0.001148818,0.00039692,0.001952934,0.0002030717,0.002260726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004355883,0.0001742378,0.0003740939,0.005784824,0.001586931,0.002223849,0.000007943076,0.002712577,0.0001015924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004472196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001379676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1542932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7146887,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9900581,0.001888096,0.001565457,0.0004628522,0.004574772,0.001450723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931534,0.001001506,0.0004352308,0.0004841975,0.004279796,0.0006458943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001446801,0.0002666035,0.9736198,0.00007049838,0.00003754556,0.00005135519,0.009282948,0.0001105914,0.0002089993,0.001068652,0.002192119,0.01294626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007510691,0.0001429122,0.9579061,0.0001084866,0.00001250988,3.292998e-8,0.007011311,0.00003300851,0.00005555302,0.003928842,0.02987736,0.000172795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855511,0.0001990128,0.0002422795,0.01064189,0.0004189888,0.001327656,0.00002592905,0.00003521334,0.001557964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971172,0.0007847595,0.0006550977,0.00008088441,0.0002548514,0.0001268194,0.00001759718,0.00003720853,0.0009256327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5603955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1899326439","doi":"10.3141/2141-11","title":"Seeding Effect of Nano-CaCO <sub>3</sub> on the Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":207,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermogravimetric analysis; Calcium silicate hydrate; Nano-; Scanning electron microscope; Calorimetry; Portland cement; Silicate; Cementitious; Calcium silicate; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Hydrate; Cement; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Composite material; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Taijiro Sato","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatoumata Diallo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04072250250079366,"gpt":0.3258570352027667,"spread":0.285134532701973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007896955,0.0002527552,0.0005445469,0.0009323412,0.0003162455,0.00008113572,0.001096412,0.0002117893,0.0002599171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000410254,0.0001572816,0.0004119138,0.001886289,0.0005782591,0.0003555037,0.000009288592,0.002300524,0.00001867165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009237291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002352832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005823954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00228352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929168,0.001069943,0.001441384,0.0002642616,0.003593499,0.0007141492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943018,0.002696049,0.0003447873,0.0005536751,0.001871331,0.0002323772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001284581,0.00006443897,0.01484992,0.0004641979,0.0001383678,0.00001105365,0.0007382485,0.001369046,0.9730011,0.0009043529,0.00136271,0.00581198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001032503,0.001021133,0.1372132,0.0002448019,0.00003839729,3.297275e-7,0.0002413091,0.0006431278,0.8582699,0.0003723479,0.0007999541,0.0001229982],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966735,0.00006703284,0.0002398128,0.0009628898,0.0005632935,0.001137347,0.00005738545,0.0000268157,0.0002718837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988289,0.0007077008,0.00007194997,0.000008777932,0.0001789123,0.00008664411,0.000013414,0.00005707729,0.00004655959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1223633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124597594","doi":"10.3141/1857-06","title":"Real-Time Optimization Model for Dynamic Scheduling of Transit Operations","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Scheduling (production processes); Integer programming; Mathematical optimization; Sensitivity (control systems); Computer science; Nonlinear programming; Operations research; Operating cost; Service (business); Nonlinear system; Engineering; Transport engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Liping Fu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Qing Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul H. Calamai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06180209070748106,"gpt":0.3586298005015366,"spread":0.2968277097940555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003203103,0.0002695709,0.0005042848,0.001096453,0.0004975057,0.0000746988,0.0006182579,0.0002373811,0.0002241475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000175367,0.0002387032,0.0004365387,0.002241582,0.0003962305,0.0007007126,0.00000133219,0.001075701,0.000005384776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002195715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007217476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004893886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009448731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948977,0.0003766565,0.001914074,0.0003170723,0.00181287,0.0006816621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993731,0.0005697455,0.0002134842,0.0004574087,0.004779902,0.0002484941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002087277,0.0001643174,0.001994585,0.0002970405,0.000145013,0.000003011943,0.00198611,0.9564744,0.02903548,0.008982725,0.0003256323,0.000382988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002890829,0.0003804687,0.03946991,0.0003513083,0.0001713955,6.091453e-7,0.001574371,0.9444821,0.006539515,0.002876656,0.0008704147,0.0003923562],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5518667,0.0000746984,0.4457228,0.0004486419,0.0002498275,0.001183893,0.000229369,0.00005763015,0.0001664747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9097405,0.000974742,0.08843713,0.00001282793,0.00003501754,0.0001648006,0.0001005654,0.0000892206,0.0004452107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3578738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9734033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148163198","doi":"10.3141/2110-05","title":"North American Carsharing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Diversification (marketing strategy); Market share; Business; Consolidation (business); Competition (biology); Investment (military); Finance; Marketing; Political science; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Susan Shaheen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Cohen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa S. Chung","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06942661487261073,"gpt":0.3624803039621143,"spread":0.2930536890895036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001879718,0.0002779709,0.0004650112,0.00120074,0.0004991629,0.0001275068,0.001044487,0.0001071544,0.000131492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007896087,0.0002292578,0.0003641468,0.004790877,0.0005276054,0.0006655204,0.000002128315,0.002466747,0.0000293792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002671597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003007257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001942717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09220178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941078,0.000340809,0.001508375,0.0003222287,0.002792374,0.0009284086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955402,0.0003885291,0.0002555699,0.0005448395,0.002880582,0.0003902907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007290578,0.0005227175,0.833684,0.0002854724,0.0003693641,0.0001795632,0.006701034,0.04732481,0.007809352,0.008941024,0.02015636,0.07329722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007356107,0.0003936657,0.9775631,0.0001020163,0.00003966462,4.879554e-7,0.0009037035,0.0002860938,0.001269491,0.0009536475,0.01753537,0.0002171842],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935091,0.0001139063,0.002251252,0.002301843,0.0004897975,0.0006793257,0.00008192312,0.000128759,0.0004441094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971343,0.0006597502,0.001566909,0.0001219479,0.0001861002,0.00003776124,0.00003645472,0.00005250127,0.000204219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.143879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1719559490","doi":"10.3141/2247-06","title":"Weather or Not to Cycle","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Transportation","keywords":"Cycling; Environmental science; Lagging; Morning; Precipitation; Relative humidity; Meteorology; Humidity; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Statistics; Mathematics; Medicine; Forestry","authors":[{"name":"Luis Miranda-Moreno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Nosal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2107315339662894,"gpt":0.4500908466130156,"spread":0.2393593126467263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00845571,0.0002389635,0.0004557354,0.0009222281,0.001438966,0.0001542697,0.002069792,0.0002436903,0.004323777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000397119,0.0001639552,0.0004374309,0.003404718,0.001196574,0.0009998018,0.00000788003,0.001856092,0.0001129132],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002944777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00146959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07588658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4023865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903162,0.001652757,0.00137168,0.0004890039,0.004906093,0.001264321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936296,0.0007857057,0.0003418549,0.0005786504,0.003793546,0.000870639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008192047,0.0007979133,0.861102,0.0001542814,0.0001739604,0.0002945804,0.096169,0.00007111845,0.00138807,0.009257363,0.00854099,0.0138586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008121547,0.0005074799,0.9427537,0.00018795,0.00004076538,7.703698e-8,0.009942529,0.000004243071,0.001595755,0.004333442,0.03961336,0.0002084993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895251,0.00005421822,0.0007745286,0.004128959,0.0007218487,0.001262932,0.00005229742,0.00004890404,0.00343121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912235,0.0003008121,0.002605556,0.0001710285,0.0003584756,0.00005856738,0.000004063656,0.0000510888,0.005226898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3264999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141234399","doi":"10.3141/2147-06","title":"Large-Scale Automated Analysis of Vehicle Interactions and Collisions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Kentucky Transportation Cabinet","keywords":"Collision; Computer science; Probabilistic logic; Identification (biology); Set (abstract data type); Scale (ratio); Probabilistic analysis of algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Cartography; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karim Ismail","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03288367815013186,"gpt":0.3548604368636596,"spread":0.3219767587135277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002141738,0.0001560549,0.0004282813,0.001468885,0.0003840129,0.00006021198,0.0004904026,0.0001488285,0.0003287003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007214327,0.0001186673,0.0003412699,0.003573657,0.0003942128,0.0003871694,0.000005098563,0.002044868,0.000005592713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005803712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001660031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001178769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08847481,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996448,0.000292255,0.001012662,0.0002063029,0.001533743,0.0005070409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967433,0.0007491725,0.000175624,0.0003487226,0.001687913,0.0002952514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007513904,0.0005762075,0.8333676,0.0003483999,0.002244645,0.00005548792,0.0137308,0.06780946,0.06530634,0.004198428,0.007120587,0.004490604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007036746,0.0001056591,0.9504498,0.00007443739,0.00025332,3.323275e-7,0.002170288,0.03789567,0.001321189,0.0001720898,0.006744471,0.0001090133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967301,0.00008367479,0.001245275,0.0006329195,0.0004813097,0.0003378385,0.0002071903,0.00008937607,0.0001923488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976893,0.0004761439,0.001539259,0.000007487985,0.000057386,0.00001904281,0.00002425067,0.00003222328,0.0001548779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1170822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9281582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152947114","doi":"10.3141/2112-03","title":"Network Analysis of World Subway Systems Using Updated Graph Theory","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Public transport; Per capita; Regional science; Geography; Transport engineering; Transport network; Network analysis; Transit (satellite); Engineering; Sociology; Demography; Population","authors":[{"name":"Sybil Derrible","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Kennedy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1129099029333089,"gpt":0.4212547637012049,"spread":0.308344860767896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01608995,0.0002578646,0.0008924209,0.002691736,0.001346295,0.0001924058,0.001633058,0.0002360717,0.0006708914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001594602,0.0001994721,0.0008912513,0.01575387,0.001433564,0.0009266185,0.000003770705,0.001815617,0.0000032605],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002927139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001088595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03387423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1881694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9873049,0.003838345,0.002119919,0.0004611067,0.005062301,0.001213402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917109,0.001279969,0.0009613861,0.000599668,0.004958749,0.0004893464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001773917,0.00038707,0.9255499,0.00008639624,0.0009290399,0.00006059303,0.006220246,0.02425138,0.0009747775,0.03612134,0.002090028,0.001555291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006626282,0.0002129337,0.9744887,0.0002383237,0.0007016798,3.44541e-8,0.003508471,0.000267867,0.0001511935,0.01580412,0.003762061,0.0002019667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919977,0.0007457511,0.003474715,0.001262478,0.000575251,0.0009835545,0.00008224117,0.00003414367,0.0008441851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99749,0.0003532295,0.0006967978,0.0000457657,0.0003089915,0.00001205573,0.00003888745,0.00002687062,0.001027328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1542952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105862054","doi":"10.3141/2190-01","title":"How Far Out of the Way Will We Travel?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Victoria","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Michael Smith Health Research BC; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"TRIPS architecture; Shortest path problem; Transport engineering; Signage; Mode choice; Computer science; Geography; Business; Public transport; Engineering; Advertising","authors":[{"name":"Meghan Winters","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kay Teschke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Grant","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eleanor Setton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Bräuer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0986655434760795,"gpt":0.4006964124735898,"spread":0.3020308689975103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008344261,0.0002668743,0.0005457842,0.0005743842,0.001615647,0.0002541048,0.002934536,0.0003705162,0.0006644009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005657565,0.0001670344,0.0008207117,0.002487721,0.003374095,0.001362176,0.000009723221,0.004110229,0.000007827053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001507127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001562689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01920713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5193456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9891358,0.001746332,0.00138391,0.0004524909,0.00617576,0.001105707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922028,0.001099852,0.0007598817,0.000813277,0.004627062,0.0004971864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007704223,0.0004832995,0.9069043,0.0002710678,0.0001584768,0.00003573088,0.0300423,0.00003666117,0.02889862,0.0174236,0.003782389,0.01119314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008959784,0.0001710033,0.8966401,0.0001902356,0.00006252812,7.716086e-8,0.008354235,0.000008900306,0.005477953,0.009287588,0.07873052,0.0001808892],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641769,0.0001971186,0.0004753788,0.03094609,0.002012523,0.001216444,0.0001016279,0.00002242336,0.0008515321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932905,0.0008773365,0.0005792427,0.00004382902,0.0004842592,0.00003656002,0.00000652539,0.00004379112,0.004637948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5001385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018001360","doi":"10.3141/2156-15","title":"Sequential and Simultaneous Estimation of Hybrid Discrete Choice Models","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Universidad de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","keywords":"Estimator; Econometrics; Discrete choice; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Latent variable; Estimation; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Machine learning; Statistics; Economics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Sebastián Raveau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ricardo Álvarez-Daziano","is_ca":true},{"name":"María Francisca Yáñez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Bolduc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Juan de Dios Ortúzar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1528263993983199,"gpt":0.3385915733955727,"spread":0.1857651739972528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003424018,0.0001552212,0.0003990469,0.0005719244,0.0002917871,0.00007393857,0.0004886645,0.0001093597,0.0003818102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023588,0.0001409304,0.0002070576,0.0004207434,0.000599556,0.0008415782,0.000008553835,0.001258079,0.00002407752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001035507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006671849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007273949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971392,0.0001379665,0.001423785,0.000328148,0.0005571844,0.0004136762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976997,0.0006651868,0.0006927674,0.0003256794,0.0004112943,0.0002054075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008156051,0.0004276784,0.7596133,0.0004423827,0.0003030779,0.00004571558,0.003677231,0.1148711,0.006043512,0.09491388,0.001015873,0.01783062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001652983,0.0004115975,0.8670396,0.0001028561,0.00003129904,0.000001540167,0.0004063828,0.04872684,0.002514013,0.07682802,0.002054669,0.0002302009],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902552,0.0001878124,0.007102508,0.0009789756,0.0004002804,0.0005053155,0.0001725558,0.000008358756,0.0003890043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962032,0.0005603969,0.002693892,0.00001864241,0.00009504755,0.00002194598,0.00002445194,0.00003246803,0.0003499773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1074263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007500067","doi":"10.3141/2198-07","title":"Automated Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Carleton University; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Pedestrian; Collision; Conflict analysis; Computer science; Transport engineering; Chinatown; Quality (philosophy); Traffic conflict; Computer security; Data science; Engineering; Conflict resolution; Geography; Floating car data; Traffic congestion","authors":[{"name":"Karim Ismail","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05315668651212617,"gpt":0.3565698316706756,"spread":0.3034131451585494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00345899,0.0002144607,0.0005949926,0.001797791,0.0002901243,0.00006067064,0.0009676841,0.000259601,0.0004969937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001103792,0.0001626588,0.0005860783,0.004918503,0.0005733221,0.0003817636,0.000004097498,0.002579603,0.00001430241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008492554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003190833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003526678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06360362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944449,0.0004134007,0.001437327,0.0002501108,0.002698271,0.0007559621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995496,0.000807466,0.0002741775,0.0005107908,0.002516174,0.0003954301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001287739,0.0005121233,0.7287878,0.0006817004,0.003630611,0.0001500784,0.007484397,0.1277097,0.1055455,0.002979977,0.009198444,0.01203191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00101695,0.0001736674,0.9695097,0.00007772196,0.0003067028,2.543473e-7,0.0005692727,0.01586421,0.004180924,0.0001966753,0.00794783,0.0001560972],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969143,0.0001220197,0.0006417673,0.0005657658,0.0006388273,0.0004536691,0.0001220505,0.0001416868,0.0003999211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998123,0.0005475702,0.0009582147,0.000009552093,0.0001015282,0.00001900955,0.00002862236,0.00004799043,0.0001644724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2407219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130382222","doi":"10.3141/2076-13","title":"How Far and with Whom Do People Socialize?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Transport Canada","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Social network (sociolinguistics); Social relation; Social isolation; Affect (linguistics); Social environment; Distribution (mathematics); Spatial contextual awareness; Proxy (statistics); Social psychology; Psychology; Geography; Sociology; Computer science; Social media; Communication; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Juan Antonio Carrasco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric J. Miller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Barry Wellman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1003705052764121,"gpt":0.3892211820436169,"spread":0.2888506767672048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004496286,0.000241306,0.0005044882,0.0006091033,0.00351702,0.0004438602,0.001041455,0.0002363706,0.0002697026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001938614,0.0001697258,0.0002845148,0.002510832,0.003494259,0.001430779,0.000005348059,0.001942858,0.000005741065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002132334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001900618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04154104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4396265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9912732,0.001465576,0.0008137517,0.000466821,0.004939555,0.00104113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940436,0.0008251379,0.0004050295,0.0003774448,0.003759494,0.0005893115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008074588,0.0001745527,0.9580449,0.0001029255,0.00008839485,0.0001306715,0.03086884,0.00001980798,0.0002026269,0.003783757,0.00215412,0.003621907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001218818,0.000340106,0.9335923,0.0001575442,0.00004069922,4.545055e-7,0.01237494,0.000005218695,0.0001332371,0.002731092,0.04921058,0.0001950504],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852054,0.0005486122,0.0009074484,0.01163886,0.0002219977,0.0009277668,0.00004124363,0.0000360523,0.0004726092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929087,0.002822862,0.001021879,0.00004388141,0.0003206659,0.00004442089,0.000008943423,0.00004216551,0.002786481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3980854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139410611","doi":"10.3141/1776-06","title":"Defining Freeway Capacity as Function of Breakdown Probability","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic control and management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministère des Transports; McMaster University","keywords":"Bottleneck; Probabilistic logic; Highway Capacity Manual; Transport engineering; Traffic volume; Statistical model; Traffic flow (computer networking); Probabilistic analysis of algorithms; Computer science; Environmental science; Engineering; Level of service; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Matt R. Lorenz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lily Elefteriadou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0524274861167858,"gpt":0.3056707181956635,"spread":0.2532432320788778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003792125,0.0002210711,0.0004341287,0.0007408637,0.0002845041,0.00006208584,0.0007106774,0.0001565245,0.0004360898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001331822,0.0001733446,0.000373962,0.001712991,0.0004091928,0.0005132599,0.000005384399,0.001572675,0.00002805426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002172162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002273404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004948527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03698342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944785,0.0005330274,0.001309068,0.0002815259,0.002686837,0.0007110775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963924,0.0005676844,0.0002390092,0.0004603772,0.002065353,0.0002752299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007188526,0.001409574,0.398273,0.002695238,0.001589065,0.0002539436,0.008759413,0.2367663,0.02734898,0.06750499,0.01757921,0.2306318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00153835,0.0006153614,0.9605207,0.0002543184,0.00007813655,8.521473e-7,0.0007907713,0.0004727458,0.0007599858,0.00823942,0.02655145,0.0001779269],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992206,0.0003422571,0.003353605,0.0009038459,0.0005932989,0.0008313179,0.00003777805,0.00007223812,0.001659645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997768,0.0008087043,0.0009140114,0.00001715176,0.0001044136,0.00005879258,0.00001065268,0.00003738659,0.0002808762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5622477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9805891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056131953","doi":"10.3141/1722-01","title":"Effects of Transportation Infrastructure and Location on Residential Real Estate Values: Application of Spatial Autoregressive Techniques","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Real estate; Amenity; Econometrics; Recreation; Autoregressive model; Residential property; Spatial analysis; Freehold; Regression analysis; Residential real estate; Statistics; Geography; Transport engineering; Business; Economics; Mathematics; Engineering; Finance; Regional science","authors":[{"name":"Murtaza Haider","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric J. Miller","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02241154954585547,"gpt":0.3014766729092394,"spread":0.279065123363384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002532659,0.0002284873,0.0006363101,0.0009609868,0.0002583294,0.00005483612,0.0005482753,0.0002503843,0.000152746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000121147,0.0002107449,0.0002247392,0.0009612095,0.0006190828,0.0005208485,0.000002973341,0.0009264461,0.000008674221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001732636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002393659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02082111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01020822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99617,0.0003321853,0.00193686,0.0004300951,0.0006872903,0.0004435246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963552,0.0006145639,0.001166877,0.0003739021,0.00131141,0.0001780646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007939544,0.0008346208,0.5374644,0.002894287,0.0004316664,0.00004621753,0.01774369,0.006573528,0.007431814,0.01618003,0.001423684,0.4010365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001289936,0.0007906913,0.97225,0.0003697703,0.00004373046,2.81229e-7,0.0003427436,0.0006701723,0.01013303,0.01133251,0.002589183,0.0001879492],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938833,0.00009974583,0.003216534,0.0003979601,0.0001982076,0.001020544,0.0001479205,0.00001990382,0.001015927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902384,0.007937705,0.001407509,0.00001151901,0.0001366549,0.00005701138,0.00004749778,0.00004731504,0.0001163697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4347856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9856993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163968342","doi":"10.3141/1702-04","title":"Evaluating Carsharing Benefits","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Incentive; Car ownership; Renting; Service (business); Transport engineering; Public transport; Marketing; Economics; Engineering; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Todd Litman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1730024503169041,"gpt":0.4188959746840776,"spread":0.2458935243671735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003957382,0.000285005,0.0004218013,0.000922284,0.0006741093,0.0001479775,0.001039683,0.0002113892,0.002278929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008748414,0.0002389338,0.0003794293,0.003139888,0.0004036583,0.0007922708,0.000002517689,0.002453567,0.00009287443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002584146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003505572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002294638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02242498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929714,0.0004843095,0.001742392,0.0003581729,0.003496311,0.0009473992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953619,0.0006126846,0.0001721318,0.0005666598,0.002934248,0.0003523698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001133082,0.0005060439,0.1820953,0.0007575567,0.0006086518,0.0001112429,0.01052076,0.4841475,0.01663458,0.01197147,0.01132905,0.2801848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00154802,0.000346048,0.9656157,0.000398864,0.00007012092,9.304632e-7,0.0009777251,0.002074175,0.002791641,0.00168267,0.02419461,0.0002994851],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954745,0.0003994326,0.0004309116,0.0009886733,0.0005793194,0.0008257451,0.0001062884,0.0001223231,0.001072821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951447,0.00123378,0.002285569,0.00004878756,0.0002136163,0.00009703387,0.00003660361,0.00008476838,0.0008551925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7835204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153943598","doi":"10.3141/2082-08","title":"Hybrid Choice Modeling of New Technologies for Car Choice in Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Structural equation modeling; Latent variable; Context (archaeology); Discrete choice; Choice set; Econometrics; Computer science; Representation (politics); Perception; Set (abstract data type); Process (computing); Mathematics; Machine learning; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Denis Bolduc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nathalie Boucher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ricardo Álvarez-Daziano","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2522969677592016,"gpt":0.325271099537861,"spread":0.07297413177865941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001972807,0.0001498122,0.0004899674,0.0007148489,0.0002301658,0.00001812651,0.0007209249,0.00009498014,0.0001181349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003135737,0.0001434654,0.0002139265,0.0006214131,0.0002083338,0.000457521,0.000006178261,0.0008617425,0.000006983382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008520491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001079238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8618386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.913467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968218,0.00009746769,0.001699427,0.0003216526,0.0005210504,0.0005386506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980334,0.0005773155,0.0005584097,0.0003158999,0.0003807975,0.0001341697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001669102,0.00006705046,0.9601322,0.000106592,0.00005197421,0.000009297753,0.0005685993,0.034371,0.0001506766,0.001700253,0.001684513,0.0009909037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001667552,0.0001896008,0.9769813,0.0001155085,0.000008432914,3.540637e-7,0.001021617,0.006633415,0.0007405979,0.00798726,0.00450215,0.0001522474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992623,0.0008397549,0.003480657,0.001848415,0.0002583807,0.0006944001,0.0001536632,0.000007856235,0.00009381992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996387,0.001631256,0.001475823,0.00002119235,0.00006618116,0.0000459997,0.00001651125,0.00003019968,0.0003258616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05162841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5850348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986354916","doi":"10.3141/2002-12","title":"Pedestrians' Normal Walking Speed and Speed When Crossing a Street","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Preferred walking speed; Intersection (aeronautics); Power walking; Simulation; Transport engineering; Computer science; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Medicine; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jeannette Montufar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jorge Arango","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle M. Porter","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satoru Nakagawa","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1097080747767572,"gpt":0.4227259083191227,"spread":0.3130178335423654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01777754,0.0002730388,0.000500709,0.0009929978,0.002899844,0.0006193649,0.001232014,0.0003082301,0.0005723727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000440774,0.000220351,0.0003785083,0.002100144,0.002825956,0.001570457,0.000009039073,0.002496964,0.000008717936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000331251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001458602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07057988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.483279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899561,0.00129597,0.001697147,0.0005174082,0.004993522,0.001539861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933946,0.001669575,0.000549723,0.0004059901,0.003177114,0.0008030577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001276928,0.000192583,0.9550879,0.0001296746,0.00007915762,0.0001988737,0.02538985,0.00003960326,0.001906858,0.001891643,0.0008504494,0.01295649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001505462,0.0002471672,0.9628395,0.0002805323,0.0000554764,2.073288e-7,0.01544821,0.00001632845,0.001012862,0.00480816,0.01355585,0.0002301903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931314,0.0003282586,0.0009018726,0.002793627,0.0005735965,0.0009365975,0.00003849552,0.00004346883,0.001252683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962019,0.000339392,0.001554892,0.00005097246,0.0006037484,0.000004396711,0.0000125681,0.00004390927,0.001188161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4126991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004131532","doi":"10.3141/2063-08","title":"Enriching Archived Smart Card Transaction Data for Transit Demand Modeling","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Smart card; TRIPS architecture; Transit (satellite); Public transport; Database transaction; Computer science; Transaction data; Transport engineering; Smart city; Transfer (computing); Computer security; Database; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Ka Kee Alfred Chu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Chapleau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.246571788277533,"gpt":0.434835817025125,"spread":0.188264028747592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01300312,0.0002367259,0.0005330663,0.001005454,0.003878326,0.0001563741,0.002022345,0.0002289224,0.0002084354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000538039,0.0002002032,0.0005741476,0.001610024,0.001118434,0.001216739,0.000005358491,0.001880557,0.000009033832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002948362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002098228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07682403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5010483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9901602,0.002643629,0.001482366,0.0006186645,0.004074133,0.001020957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925984,0.002086118,0.0003365349,0.0008156261,0.003663722,0.0004996291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01153517,0.002669188,0.276364,0.001757733,0.002322244,0.000280976,0.31037,0.278479,0.01022504,0.01038838,0.01278708,0.08282115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01065422,0.001878638,0.6118864,0.001370512,0.001184889,0.000002979186,0.07000086,0.1260664,0.001350892,0.02778973,0.1461072,0.001707271],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7566832,0.0002325385,0.2358493,0.005174589,0.0003412022,0.001313093,0.0001729689,0.00003748457,0.0001956737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939052,0.002256003,0.002446301,0.00005003969,0.0004323676,0.00008673185,0.0001260792,0.00004613235,0.0006511412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4242242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170177776","doi":"10.3141/1840-05","title":"Validation of FHWA Crash Models for Rural Intersections: Lessons Learned","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Federal Highway Administration","keywords":"Transport engineering; Standardization; Identification (biology); Predictive modelling; Intersection (aeronautics); Crash; Data collection; Computer science; Poison control; Engineering; Statistical model; Risk analysis (engineering); Operations research; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Jutaek Oh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig Lyon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simon Washington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bhagwant Persaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Bared","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1360790031851656,"gpt":0.3866049029587961,"spread":0.2505258997736306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00347439,0.0002117633,0.0004153077,0.0008364029,0.0003914442,0.0000561255,0.0005908352,0.0001964605,0.0001413804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001562517,0.0001697076,0.0004647946,0.001369053,0.0003432354,0.0006565302,0.000002388783,0.001330273,0.00000595404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001933692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003418719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006888839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004656891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954498,0.0005970654,0.001279164,0.000225416,0.001789234,0.0006593529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958231,0.0008244675,0.0002453617,0.0003496753,0.002524277,0.0002331599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001763978,0.0005368748,0.03125562,0.001358362,0.0007509089,0.00002208959,0.009590268,0.8434837,0.02861178,0.05246838,0.01069342,0.01946462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01260938,0.002744339,0.6778312,0.002227351,0.0004711466,0.000004844174,0.03130086,0.02501265,0.09965663,0.1073288,0.039457,0.001355768],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374118,0.0002402269,0.05890325,0.001077348,0.0007611457,0.0009584535,0.0001189422,0.00005542909,0.0004733719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951271,0.001456259,0.002811359,0.000007396834,0.00007372074,0.00008847517,0.00002494067,0.00006475514,0.0003459472],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8184711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6920476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978039436","doi":"10.3141/1800-02","title":"Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization Approach and Generic Tool for Calibrating Traffic Microscopic Simulation Parameters","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic control and management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Microsimulation; Genetic algorithm; Traffic simulation; Set (abstract data type); Parametric statistics; Software; Process (computing); Calibration; Computer science; Engineering; Simulation; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Machine learning; Transport engineering","authors":[{"name":"Tao Ma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Baher Abdulhai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05897374209911359,"gpt":0.3010644771155128,"spread":0.2420907350163992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001218901,0.0002235364,0.0003311672,0.0006301838,0.00038638,0.0001719061,0.0003867403,0.0001365967,0.00005699543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005582572,0.0001871482,0.0002135018,0.0009510203,0.0002094217,0.0003608838,0.000002719945,0.0006918548,0.000001580998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000135416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000660872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001582428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004597358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965386,0.0003277537,0.000952425,0.0003081939,0.001259278,0.0006137638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978971,0.0006844905,0.000168173,0.0002556252,0.0008061817,0.0001884084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001014434,0.00008944407,0.001675043,0.0003298403,0.00007905679,0.000007266996,0.0006712984,0.9374149,0.0003148228,0.00002916259,0.0005431843,0.05874451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001869997,0.0002763946,0.05967154,0.00009476813,0.00006312397,2.143252e-7,0.0002740005,0.9363675,0.0001089896,0.00005032555,0.00104419,0.0001789169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5552008,0.0004217641,0.4426366,0.0002858742,0.0002060638,0.001148922,0.00003159541,0.00005306494,0.00001540781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8359142,0.0004521255,0.1631901,0.00002664517,0.0001021855,0.0001560486,0.00002055567,0.00005972389,0.00007847532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2807134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7631683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140254487","doi":"10.3141/2019-08","title":"Automated Analysis of Road Safety with Video Data","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cluster analysis; Collision; Data mining; Heuristic; Traffic conflict; Hidden Markov model; Real-time computing; Artificial intelligence; Traffic congestion; Computer security; Floating car data; Transport engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08943039015637477,"gpt":0.4089362458970197,"spread":0.3195058557406449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009010596,0.0001887768,0.0004981396,0.002234647,0.0005180289,0.0001128188,0.003667114,0.0001455984,0.00008913255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009649213,0.000131472,0.0003037687,0.01075938,0.0005432834,0.001065191,0.00003035518,0.001268215,0.000005214057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001509381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005677253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007479278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04572453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9932146,0.0005457354,0.001606126,0.0005256243,0.003442897,0.0006650149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924415,0.0008886406,0.0007343661,0.001647212,0.003975129,0.0003132066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006035057,0.002196329,0.6322551,0.0005125303,0.005959973,0.0004131885,0.00892152,0.01596827,0.02244579,0.08299715,0.01404214,0.208253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000639359,0.0004792756,0.973386,0.0001056199,0.0002012636,7.518988e-7,0.0004888976,0.01222874,0.003558541,0.000630543,0.008127751,0.0001532938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5142746,0.00007099505,0.4827095,0.001800444,0.00009108309,0.0006151025,0.00009761496,0.0001172699,0.0002233807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9657622,0.0003120106,0.03356612,0.00003060084,0.00004587707,0.00001862268,0.0000422325,0.00002258609,0.0001997719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4514876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113506066","doi":"10.3141/2237-02","title":"Methodologies for Aggregating Indicators of Traffic Conflict","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; University of British Columbia; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Unobservable; Traffic conflict; Index (typography); Set (abstract data type); Measure (data warehouse); Event (particle physics); Premise; Computer science; Pedestrian; Rare events; Econometrics; Statistics; Data mining; Transport engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Traffic congestion","authors":[{"name":"Karim Ismail","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2099060771870478,"gpt":0.3971477731317893,"spread":0.1872416959447415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005239732,0.0002188944,0.0005202787,0.001131281,0.0003055538,0.00002643757,0.0009723348,0.0002224151,0.0001591808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000249899,0.0001615983,0.0004702,0.001661174,0.0006596025,0.0003485379,0.000003962142,0.001433732,0.000004005741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001027715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002853253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005640599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003441985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952344,0.0006411975,0.001448413,0.0002422086,0.001708941,0.0007248726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957753,0.001667728,0.0003695101,0.00034609,0.001597532,0.0002437918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01016382,0.00115011,0.2718582,0.006437684,0.00305751,0.0002034695,0.1108507,0.1389505,0.02254825,0.02007726,0.01794062,0.3967619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002180642,0.0009741437,0.962449,0.0005155278,0.0001146249,6.901365e-7,0.006739534,0.001242792,0.01554459,0.001535339,0.008402712,0.0003004117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852166,0.0005314901,0.01215121,0.0002038072,0.0005531203,0.0009142679,0.00008800533,0.0000703266,0.0002711613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976638,0.001203538,0.02180929,0.000007387386,0.00009579629,0.00006702804,0.00000977528,0.0000620225,0.0001071505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6905907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6589787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042633954","doi":"10.3141/2083-11","title":"Probabilistic Framework for Automated Analysis of Exposure to Road Collisions","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Probabilistic logic; Hierarchy; Perspective (graphical); Traffic analysis; Data collection; Collision; Traffic conflict; Data science; Transport engineering; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Computer security; Floating car data; Engineering; Traffic congestion","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Saunier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06735339908335354,"gpt":0.3654327493464628,"spread":0.2980793502631093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002368986,0.0002004612,0.0006445579,0.001925463,0.0004944319,0.00002165502,0.0009316439,0.0003200671,0.000116476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004261223,0.0001605972,0.0005319524,0.005666631,0.0005062383,0.0002216692,0.000004999657,0.001434667,0.000006988798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001960651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003654019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007895559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007689829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956743,0.0003323043,0.001389052,0.0002764392,0.001656331,0.0006715581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948985,0.001336769,0.0002247151,0.0005200547,0.002736949,0.0002830042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00160336,0.0003945075,0.2076366,0.0004486933,0.002075891,0.00008220285,0.007311696,0.754993,0.004648632,0.01210001,0.004366372,0.004338991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006454216,0.000682394,0.9782867,0.0001728616,0.0002584668,4.346086e-7,0.0006531298,0.01366915,0.001565552,0.002619258,0.001281769,0.0001649022],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9751957,0.0001463391,0.02189211,0.0009238526,0.000230133,0.001182054,0.000226361,0.0001618387,0.00004158514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861919,0.0003911047,0.01303701,0.00001581611,0.00004598705,0.0001445705,0.00002427949,0.00004537468,0.0001039492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.77065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6548966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066722870","doi":"10.3141/2276-06","title":"Detection of Activities of Public Transport Users by Analyzing Smart Card Data","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Smart card; Public transport; Frame (networking); Computer science; Transit (satellite); Travel behavior; Transport engineering; Geography; Data science; Computer security; Engineering; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Flavio Devillaine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcela Munizaga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Trépanier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1786192869811287,"gpt":0.4226910986061965,"spread":0.2440718116250678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01914598,0.0001967298,0.000590132,0.001223194,0.000940458,0.00006304275,0.001742833,0.0002322431,0.0003841925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005685934,0.0001672833,0.0004565227,0.003365646,0.001860483,0.001991743,0.000008699433,0.001379131,0.000003665786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002868281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001294966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1062159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3766116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9894069,0.003108493,0.001654338,0.0003510425,0.004521516,0.0009576916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930413,0.001589165,0.0008306319,0.0007912462,0.003247835,0.0004998004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004936283,0.0006380387,0.9378358,0.0003421549,0.0004478637,0.000003735825,0.02127333,0.000211479,0.01601649,0.001368781,0.0009406767,0.02042798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009551524,0.0003284201,0.9207931,0.0002473436,0.000271221,1.179277e-7,0.03504181,0.0001050702,0.01264563,0.0005442306,0.0288146,0.0002533854],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893676,0.0006275495,0.007099535,0.001507907,0.000301632,0.0005916901,0.0002630665,0.00001763349,0.0002233715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974388,0.001595523,0.0002872154,0.00001088921,0.0001824791,0.00002492015,0.00008817359,0.00003056446,0.0003414047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2703957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8997359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024510739","doi":"10.3141/2156-17","title":"Built Environment and School Travel Mode Choice in Toronto, Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"General Electric (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Built environment; Psychological intervention; Residence; Mode choice; Travel behavior; TRIPS architecture; Urbanization; Psychology; Geography; Transport engineering; Public transport; Sociology; Economic growth; Engineering; Demography; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Raktim Mitra","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ron Buliung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew J. Roorda","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05479312278792432,"gpt":0.3946721024136385,"spread":0.3398789796257142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004776751,0.000206464,0.0003865285,0.0003037871,0.0008597258,0.0001368537,0.001108602,0.0002294163,0.00214888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003240433,0.0001675632,0.0001640776,0.0008075257,0.001052078,0.001009181,0.00000574227,0.002799261,0.000005030641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008528488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002982673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.989307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926464,0.0009091259,0.001139142,0.0004296185,0.003908081,0.000967613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966978,0.0009067818,0.0002786015,0.0004022513,0.000975258,0.0007393006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002881764,0.0001566748,0.9881195,0.00006536503,0.00003138003,0.00005408792,0.002659967,0.00006248273,0.003115513,0.001317621,0.001292792,0.002836379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009434722,0.00009212006,0.9684249,0.00008042445,0.00001893561,6.20642e-8,0.004875012,0.00003268596,0.0003591926,0.001591577,0.02341621,0.0001654191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924332,0.0002946095,0.00008554868,0.004495736,0.0005146677,0.0008374156,0.00006225421,0.0000101034,0.001266408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970713,0.000969153,0.0004988111,0.00005524995,0.0002835544,0.00004537452,0.000008932432,0.00002852755,0.001039094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02212342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155116765","doi":"10.3141/1784-08","title":"Calibration and Transferability of Accident Prediction Models for Urban Intersections","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Transferability; Calibration; Computer science; Transport engineering; Traffic volume; Engineering; Statistics; Machine learning; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Bhagwant Persaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dominique Lord","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Palmisano","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08624799702785202,"gpt":0.3201905006857133,"spread":0.2339425036578612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001801546,0.0001670952,0.0003345582,0.0005625218,0.0003241454,0.00004541655,0.0003505135,0.0001662437,0.0001101436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004822326,0.0001328471,0.0002780879,0.000837405,0.0003518163,0.0007637571,0.000002111565,0.000983199,8.490478e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001364217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007436225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007081364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009008802,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965762,0.0003226232,0.001141936,0.0002303137,0.001296752,0.0004321889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975228,0.0005483195,0.0001256439,0.0002523072,0.001338284,0.0002126727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002710141,0.0009686747,0.4204092,0.002455892,0.0009028375,0.00002023628,0.03880644,0.4456332,0.01181391,0.01121073,0.02816342,0.03690528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002493689,0.0009733763,0.8357508,0.0003609988,0.0001161813,0.000001058316,0.00268155,0.14696,0.003319335,0.004555855,0.002562054,0.0002250362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9222049,0.0004218346,0.07476073,0.0008071113,0.0004646751,0.001016933,0.0001686923,0.00004961283,0.0001055875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996766,0.001816119,0.001031724,0.000006139524,0.0001209513,0.00007929508,0.00001530748,0.00003906453,0.0001254359],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4153416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5417345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2936877926","doi":"10.1177/0361198119841556","title":"Comparison of Traffic Conflict Indicators for Crash Estimation using Peak Over Threshold Approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Crash; Estimation; Statistics; Collision; Poison control; Econometrics; Traffic conflict; Computer science; Transport engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Traffic congestion; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Lai Zheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Sayed","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1035680191788378,"gpt":0.3978796791922566,"spread":0.2943116600134189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002803939,0.0002601378,0.0006672285,0.001218382,0.0002867197,0.00006214318,0.000818008,0.0002651263,0.0001565147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004731273,0.000206124,0.0004558769,0.001734026,0.0003621854,0.0004997126,0.000004336244,0.001576911,0.000006571462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000216029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000348144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002481602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008992114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994523,0.0002870564,0.001608879,0.0003092659,0.002548027,0.0007237484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970689,0.0006446713,0.0004084542,0.0004128004,0.001207336,0.0002577802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006642939,0.0002698195,0.163114,0.001087021,0.0002315114,0.000003379466,0.003909082,0.818674,0.003947834,0.001074931,0.001758248,0.005265889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002446456,0.0004987737,0.7263176,0.0003597951,0.00009744635,4.38642e-7,0.002279141,0.2623067,0.00222997,0.00016413,0.003037399,0.0002621985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851006,0.0003237552,0.01201323,0.0001145899,0.0005236187,0.001585017,0.0000923981,0.00005100432,0.0001957784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937848,0.0002195886,0.005610584,0.000006347034,0.00009651,0.0000395658,0.00004670859,0.00007915255,0.0001166866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5632036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8405494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081462872","doi":"10.3141/2247-10","title":"Estimating Potential Effect of Speed Limits, Built Environment, and Other Factors on Severity of Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries in Crashes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pedestrian; Intersection (aeronautics); Transport engineering; Poison control; Pedestrian crossing; Enforcement; Computer science; Business; Engineering; Environmental health; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Seyed Amir H. Zahabi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jillian Strauss","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Manaugh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Luis Miranda-Moreno","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05676391202156218,"gpt":0.3189650456570337,"spread":0.2622011336354715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002071727,0.0001860397,0.0004316253,0.000547469,0.0001261159,0.00001926469,0.0002870459,0.0001335952,0.00007281583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007302668,0.0001339897,0.0001299019,0.0004044173,0.0005712371,0.0002410364,0.000003984806,0.0009510356,8.435642e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005103071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006773905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005439356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005769272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969768,0.000482673,0.0008822685,0.0001929016,0.001077532,0.0003878431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986958,0.0005688781,0.0002031468,0.0001919716,0.0001710131,0.0001692046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001424192,0.0001032456,0.9765838,0.0006788223,0.0001024463,0.00001872534,0.004491542,0.007222754,0.00438662,0.00007363848,0.00004321007,0.004871021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001168898,0.0007663487,0.9838707,0.0003133967,0.00003569593,2.946563e-7,0.0006819944,0.0009583111,0.01172393,0.0003117324,0.00006214782,0.0001065055],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987092,0.0001641177,0.0003113286,0.0000635448,0.0001282989,0.0004522291,0.00006921298,0.00001299721,0.00008906279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984427,0.0005394798,0.000924368,0.000002002473,0.00003044763,0.000005888558,0.000004102643,0.00003240852,0.00001860992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007337308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8222716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164159470","doi":"10.3141/1791-02","title":"Design and Implementation of Bus–Holding Control Strategies with Real-Time Information","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Headway; Real-time Control System; Control (management); Point (geometry); Real-time data; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Time point; Operations research; Simulation; Real-time computing; Transport engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Liping Fu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xuhui Yang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06752210414353563,"gpt":0.3797237726882229,"spread":0.3122016685446872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005047984,0.0001810741,0.00035704,0.000902137,0.000922128,0.0002361037,0.000467464,0.000156019,0.0005394047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008264755,0.0001403407,0.0001050353,0.001715763,0.0008182758,0.002553132,0.000001765302,0.0007416973,0.000009140702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001346399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006267605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01816535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01744649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934652,0.001477013,0.00120676,0.0002170365,0.003039258,0.0005947686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939739,0.001113769,0.000728287,0.0002080656,0.003715892,0.0002601195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004912485,0.0005365863,0.4994828,0.0008716052,0.0007398965,0.00009763204,0.2617654,0.1258436,0.01002424,0.04433403,0.008289758,0.04310193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004685536,0.001506047,0.9271566,0.000467145,0.0001587603,7.177106e-7,0.05607391,0.001647563,0.0009984345,0.001504033,0.005468046,0.0003331571],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9628024,0.0001042367,0.03245499,0.002456149,0.0001334549,0.001429194,0.00005319993,0.00004114437,0.0005252172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907272,0.002005626,0.006915738,0.00002250572,0.00006535065,0.00004559982,0.00002028876,0.0000234313,0.0001741994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4276738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233663820","doi":"10.1177/0361198106198600113","title":"Who is Attracted to Carsharing?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Car sharing; Business; Descriptive statistics; Focus group; Car ownership; The Internet; Marketing; Advertising; Transport engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Public transport","authors":[{"name":"Jon E Burkhardt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Millard‐Ball","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06880484622699579,"gpt":0.3595260622723869,"spread":0.2907212160453911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002289179,0.0003066113,0.0004714348,0.00151573,0.0005196781,0.0001694525,0.001052358,0.0002305233,0.0006122026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006362425,0.00026091,0.0003844863,0.004286584,0.0003310248,0.0006316996,0.000004106466,0.002136718,0.00008386851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003124066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003355796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007358035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05745982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993332,0.0002939556,0.001780854,0.0003878997,0.003214927,0.0009903839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943524,0.0004414363,0.0001942653,0.0005940382,0.004021815,0.0003960496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009022619,0.0006517021,0.6391234,0.0007316949,0.0004527252,0.0001816342,0.008165291,0.06357531,0.04486713,0.02056042,0.2115282,0.009260239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008905317,0.0001890103,0.9074271,0.0002244547,0.00004063705,4.565434e-7,0.0006030668,0.0002400716,0.007225662,0.001935032,0.08097461,0.0002494058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895051,0.0001305797,0.003855304,0.003431902,0.0006832459,0.001052927,0.0002266654,0.0001248175,0.000989434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995931,0.0001865554,0.001724267,0.0001440443,0.0002732385,0.0000990044,0.00004690648,0.00009088836,0.001504063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2683037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965576908","doi":"10.3141/1843-01","title":"Driver Distraction: Evaluation with Event Detection Paradigm","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","field":"Psychology","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Michigan; Ford Motor Company","keywords":"Distraction; Heading (navigation); Phone; Driving simulator; Distracted driving; Computer science; Task (project management); Control (management); Simulation; Applied psychology; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology","authors":[{"name":"Jeff Greenberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis Tijerina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reates Curry","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. E. Artz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Larry Cathey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dev S. Kochhar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ksenia Kozak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mike Blommer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter R. Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1171936401350322,"gpt":0.4603821690314111,"spread":0.343188528896379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007622494,0.0002750584,0.000379258,0.00103178,0.0009454503,0.0001522757,0.0005644254,0.000232534,0.008229327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002205265,0.0001996035,0.0003718201,0.001993527,0.000494619,0.0008448979,0.000002361146,0.002430333,0.0002139452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005859211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006577105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002743392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02990531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9887249,0.003794653,0.001486255,0.0005004223,0.004713403,0.0007803014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929892,0.0009217372,0.0007303536,0.0006083106,0.004374264,0.0003761174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01907229,0.005117618,0.5435086,0.0005897222,0.002978252,0.0006798002,0.04637026,0.01812537,0.01397328,0.1536456,0.04150482,0.1544344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002876515,0.0008719894,0.9095119,0.000170507,0.0001142566,0.000008531778,0.005113061,0.0001648978,0.001578887,0.003292356,0.07606754,0.0002295825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.977102,0.0001487047,0.01338422,0.002077827,0.002046099,0.001531448,0.00002712635,0.00004854306,0.003634051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967986,0.0001173474,0.0003603577,0.00005112071,0.0002072653,0.000246947,0.00001948257,0.00005530473,0.002143601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3660033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021896227","doi":"10.3141/2415-09","title":"Customer Loyalty Differences between Captive and Choice Transit Riders","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Marketing; Business; Loyalty; Service quality; Service (business); Loyalty business model; Customer satisfaction; Customer retention; Public transport; Advertising; Customer base; Quality (philosophy); Engineering; Transport engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jinhua Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valerie Webb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Punit Shah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.105605091640037,"gpt":0.3564931179731956,"spread":0.2508880263331586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005778133,0.0002931324,0.0005826306,0.001154967,0.0009125646,0.0003824393,0.001010044,0.0002026633,0.0003486608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002805422,0.000216518,0.0003033157,0.001644368,0.0007791774,0.001592659,0.00001333876,0.002067278,0.000079948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008101954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001585955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0466161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09811939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993785,0.0006066891,0.001189979,0.0004640299,0.003087749,0.0008666053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945502,0.001673519,0.000522687,0.0003818897,0.002706071,0.0001656501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004878265,0.0001334981,0.97147,0.0006718295,0.0001530266,0.0000161394,0.001415739,0.0001726513,0.000380333,0.01128881,0.002556218,0.01125392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001357262,0.0001268464,0.9454593,0.0002566529,0.000117464,1.516267e-7,0.001948232,0.0002100102,0.00008262124,0.005430745,0.04476977,0.0002409384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98866,0.00009445886,0.001052788,0.008191329,0.000346731,0.0006196834,0.00002523192,0.00003903808,0.0009707879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978898,0.0001379384,0.0002515574,0.0003243162,0.0009803465,0.00003018932,0.0000193709,0.00004744027,0.0003190805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05150328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9597325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074158238","doi":"10.3141/2103-02","title":"Speed and Safety","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Speed limit; Spillover effect; Enforcement; Affect (linguistics); Computer science; Transport engineering; Psychology; Engineering; Geography; Economics; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Ezra Hauer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04720919108463418,"gpt":0.3346498470492871,"spread":0.287440655964653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002585451,0.0002092262,0.000363,0.0006204245,0.0004450299,0.0000844451,0.0006093448,0.0001725976,0.0001612373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005378544,0.0001537969,0.000226082,0.00130416,0.0003656959,0.0004674418,0.000002510663,0.001992315,0.00001692556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001456437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001740448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004764901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00389582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955205,0.000389618,0.001012565,0.000239768,0.002117434,0.0007201133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976107,0.0004300908,0.0001192099,0.0003136741,0.001147977,0.0003783564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007506764,0.0009360671,0.3492562,0.001249239,0.0009405697,0.0008402505,0.0194571,0.1011444,0.03022225,0.03564046,0.07513499,0.3776718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001268236,0.0003713864,0.9700357,0.0001935417,0.0000283794,0.000001183296,0.0007651605,0.0006918309,0.0007061425,0.002290296,0.02347928,0.0001689017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925104,0.00064984,0.001433394,0.003219171,0.000439567,0.0005517942,0.00003590085,0.00007738244,0.001082538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949219,0.003385185,0.001040833,0.00004101193,0.0001845065,0.000004653085,0.000008080178,0.00003651987,0.0003773601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6207795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8655728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971199277","doi":"10.3141/2247-13","title":"Much-Anticipated Marriage of Cycling and Transit","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Cycling; Public transport; Transport engineering; Transit (satellite); TRIPS architecture; Sustainable transport; Rail transit; Economic shortage; Metropolitan area; Travel behavior; Business; Sustainability; Engineering; Geography; Government (linguistics)","authors":[{"name":"Julie Bachand-Marleau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacob Larsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmed El-Geneidy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2203617764968241,"gpt":0.4350835690250229,"spread":0.2147217925281988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008201935,0.0002089341,0.0005341145,0.0007999029,0.0009294407,0.0000745841,0.001115871,0.0002516486,0.000944534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002188757,0.0001625213,0.0003770237,0.002114691,0.002272698,0.0008940918,0.000004971198,0.001640135,0.00000543904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001030328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007648905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0818757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2117588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.992175,0.001631667,0.00159565,0.0003894198,0.003318686,0.0008896151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994607,0.0007896759,0.0005224579,0.0003854859,0.003210348,0.0004850496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001277009,0.0003390165,0.9362906,0.0002516975,0.0001291582,0.00006777571,0.04888514,0.0000168581,0.003268724,0.005066311,0.0003191995,0.004088525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00104942,0.0003205543,0.9735207,0.0002844853,0.00008509666,8.451929e-8,0.01060654,0.00001386006,0.003992848,0.008232757,0.001731703,0.0001619563],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953408,0.0002687723,0.0006174892,0.001021669,0.0003654158,0.0008226064,0.00004982279,0.00002581241,0.001487645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968629,0.001045908,0.001453477,0.00002048341,0.0001289799,0.0000212559,0.000006254823,0.00003421964,0.0004265262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1298831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992924916","doi":"10.3141/2088-19","title":"Fastlane","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic control and management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Truck; Computer science; Traffic flow (computer networking); Solver; Traffic congestion; Traffic generation model; Representation (politics); Operations research; Transport engineering; Simulation; Real-time computing; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Hans van Lint","is_ca":false},{"name":"Serge Hoogendoorn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Schreuder","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06808050338608088,"gpt":0.3232621457953526,"spread":0.2551816424092718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001915256,0.0002027737,0.0003530133,0.0007904478,0.0004728756,0.00005313465,0.0008834865,0.0001203909,0.0003248939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004966916,0.0001523362,0.0003228507,0.001461418,0.0004220818,0.0004096911,0.000004289117,0.001739982,0.00005947428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001736442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002064098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001673744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01437248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994787,0.0003749256,0.0009846218,0.0002284284,0.002839837,0.0007852196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973169,0.0004172416,0.000124308,0.0003921282,0.001432897,0.0003165042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002929715,0.001064863,0.2944014,0.001557706,0.001594387,0.002634573,0.01760915,0.2337833,0.01860259,0.0157108,0.3202539,0.08985755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001438567,0.0002748392,0.8952215,0.0001262896,0.00003063235,0.0000016329,0.0006853536,0.0004137923,0.0005491289,0.0008836775,0.1001986,0.0001759227],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930886,0.0004627604,0.002361639,0.001520409,0.0008036977,0.0006397223,0.00002783675,0.00009591848,0.0009994045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951792,0.00241746,0.0008786326,0.00002687903,0.0002322056,0.00004787482,0.000008196079,0.00005289166,0.001156688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6008201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8020181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112006425","doi":"10.3141/1972-07","title":"Enhanced System for Link and Mode Identification for Personal Travel Surveys Based on Global Positioning Systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Identification (biology); Geographic information system; Computer science; Map matching; Mode (computer interface); Assisted GPS; Matching (statistics); Fuzzy logic; Data mining; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Geography; Telecommunications; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Sheung Yuen Amy Tsui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amer Shalaby","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06908905096708524,"gpt":0.4030324608099242,"spread":0.333943409842839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01478746,0.0001774838,0.0003769831,0.0005344432,0.002229949,0.0003653129,0.0004816507,0.0002072294,0.00002605741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003083868,0.0001532783,0.0003865977,0.00124767,0.0006057229,0.0003719658,0.000001404946,0.0005598676,0.000003346165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007095598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001032567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06370014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1795413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9925489,0.002524608,0.001179586,0.0004315475,0.002658872,0.0006565185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.991627,0.002346814,0.0004743119,0.0002172235,0.005089042,0.0002455892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01527361,0.003121814,0.2634031,0.009985579,0.00128385,0.0000546526,0.05396216,0.219527,0.03264248,0.3079653,0.008483662,0.08429679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003271723,0.0008049638,0.9007609,0.0008661062,0.0002008322,1.531574e-7,0.01776588,0.06891891,0.001649563,0.003933581,0.001475038,0.0003523608],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6542804,0.0001074619,0.3390354,0.003333245,0.0003692721,0.002164362,0.0005086393,0.00002816243,0.0001730497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979693,0.00004947847,0.0004897864,0.00001570406,0.0004959177,0.0003620683,0.0001486183,0.00002518597,0.0004439096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6373578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990632989","doi":"10.3141/1986-15","title":"Who Is Attracted to Carsharing?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Car sharing; Business; Descriptive statistics; Focus group; Car ownership; The Internet; Marketing; Transport engineering; Advertising; Engineering; Computer science; Public transport","authors":[{"name":"Jon E Burkhardt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Millard‐Ball","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06880484622699579,"gpt":0.3595260622723869,"spread":0.2907212160453911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002289179,0.0003066113,0.0004714348,0.00151573,0.0005196781,0.0001694525,0.001052358,0.0002305233,0.0006122026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006362425,0.00026091,0.0003844863,0.004286584,0.0003310248,0.0006316996,0.000004106466,0.002136718,0.00008386851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003124066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003355796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007358035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05745982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993332,0.0002939556,0.001780854,0.0003878997,0.003214927,0.0009903839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943524,0.0004414363,0.0001942653,0.0005940382,0.004021815,0.0003960496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009022619,0.0006517021,0.6391234,0.0007316949,0.0004527252,0.0001816342,0.008165291,0.06357531,0.04486713,0.02056042,0.2115282,0.009260239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008905317,0.0001890103,0.9074271,0.0002244547,0.00004063705,4.565434e-7,0.0006030668,0.0002400716,0.007225662,0.001935032,0.08097461,0.0002494058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895051,0.0001305797,0.003855304,0.003431902,0.0006832459,0.001052927,0.0002266654,0.0001248175,0.000989434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995931,0.0001865554,0.001724267,0.0001440443,0.0002732385,0.0000990044,0.00004690648,0.00009088836,0.001504063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2683037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985697701","doi":"10.3141/2078-12","title":"Comparing Safety at Signalized Intersections and Roundabouts Using Simulated Rear-End Conflicts","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Crash; Traffic conflict; Transport engineering; Collision; Computer science; Engineering; Traffic congestion; Computer security; Floating car data","authors":[{"name":"Frank Saccomanno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Flávio José Craveiro Cunto","is_ca":true},{"name":"Giuseppe Guido","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Vitale","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1302814606816549,"gpt":0.3506530917272297,"spread":0.2203716310455748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001935202,0.0002687511,0.0005236753,0.0007543855,0.001306257,0.00007205663,0.0004936159,0.000205573,0.0002872323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006061308,0.000217013,0.0002706406,0.001395138,0.000822649,0.0005481314,0.0000101202,0.001937687,0.00001318834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004642367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002347108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006618196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02650346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949936,0.0006053534,0.001267117,0.0003128534,0.002032642,0.0007883891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969018,0.0006953346,0.0001993186,0.000318936,0.001448116,0.0004365683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003539108,0.0001725203,0.5066642,0.0003651633,0.0005420216,0.0003294373,0.01259459,0.4590157,0.01337286,0.0003559455,0.001736102,0.001312358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002477517,0.0002045818,0.9616542,0.0003187505,0.00006021603,0.00001139405,0.0009068728,0.02196416,0.001140671,0.0001433272,0.01086762,0.000250628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946543,0.0004369947,0.003050441,0.0002865869,0.0004939135,0.0006062938,0.00004476913,0.00009143135,0.0003352968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996795,0.001993865,0.0005569212,0.00001374018,0.0001224001,0.000005641638,0.00002028861,0.00006996157,0.0004222034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.45499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159062748","doi":"10.3141/1728-06","title":"Low-Temperature Fracture Testing of Asphalt Binders: Regular and Modified Systems","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Asphalt; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Tension (geology); Fracture toughness; Rheometer; Bending; Fracture mechanics; Stiffness; Brittleness; Structural engineering; Compression (physics); Rheology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Todd Hoare","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simon A.M. Hesp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06692928581996149,"gpt":0.3350925329012263,"spread":0.2681632470812648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00380548,0.0002528704,0.00045494,0.0007039236,0.0003577053,0.0001165586,0.0005904618,0.0002604484,0.0002649338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009433932,0.0001977186,0.0001613007,0.001791156,0.0003637745,0.0008642885,0.000002832532,0.001926106,0.000009225556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001688971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002861849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001193817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001250776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939405,0.0005835313,0.001384946,0.0002806133,0.003147058,0.0006633236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962142,0.0005975848,0.0002656244,0.0003892542,0.002263267,0.000270101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001062395,0.0002707385,0.1062188,0.002966963,0.0004398405,0.00006983137,0.005625947,0.7848684,0.0656152,0.0006413949,0.004809656,0.02741081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002959775,0.0008554203,0.9339235,0.002073329,0.0001116026,0.000002414029,0.002690082,0.02344448,0.02856685,0.0009468172,0.004008806,0.0004168789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966772,0.0008238151,0.0004417994,0.0004259434,0.0002932809,0.0009549292,0.00003655608,0.00004489869,0.0003015613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968284,0.001789566,0.000712601,0.00001738584,0.0001843577,0.00004792217,0.000021448,0.00006150484,0.0003367556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8277047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8368081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998798635","doi":"10.3141/2034-08","title":"Predicting Bus Arrival Time on the Basis of Global Positioning System Data","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Real-time computing; Arrival time; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Range (aeronautics); Automatic vehicle location; Basis (linear algebra); Travel time; Geographic information system; Matching (statistics); Global Positioning System; Simulation; Engineering; Transport engineering; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Dihua Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hong Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liping Fu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Weining Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoyong Liao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Min Zhao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06432828657018547,"gpt":0.3462496192668291,"spread":0.2819213326966436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00838401,0.0001981454,0.0003159301,0.0004714959,0.0004402422,0.00008552433,0.001661296,0.0001400177,0.00006779346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001357749,0.0001375236,0.0002073468,0.001763202,0.0003355228,0.0004765502,0.00001457457,0.001408656,0.00001573783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003599404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001502759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001279756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005007828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943109,0.0004935699,0.001269475,0.0002782262,0.003008461,0.0006394133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966224,0.0009325143,0.0002768044,0.0007579033,0.001197465,0.0002129504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006214246,0.00110085,0.4982544,0.003636964,0.002868034,0.0007148638,0.005840567,0.05579179,0.02940797,0.1044456,0.2059663,0.08575837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001132596,0.0005653164,0.9664388,0.001453417,0.0001235671,0.000002428283,0.003732645,0.01530977,0.006697623,0.0004118379,0.003893296,0.0002386472],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697206,0.0001196736,0.02454427,0.00119174,0.0005303745,0.0009167253,0.0002627469,0.0003737297,0.002340114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982381,0.0002032947,0.001211728,0.00002102276,0.0001809796,0.00001856027,0.00003104558,0.00003828772,0.00005698175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4681844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6119987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}