{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b3bd0028c409","filters":{"venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics"}},"results":[{"id":"W4313008065","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-12432-7_11","title":"Coherent State on a Beam Splitter","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Beam splitter; Photodetection; Coincidence; Physics; Coherent states; Photon; Optics; Beam (structure); State (computer science); Laser; Laser beams; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Photodetector; Quantum","authors":[{"name":"Ray LaPierre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01739529811481942,"gpt":0.2587009004350223,"spread":0.2413056023202028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005561826,0.0004785323,0.000405835,0.0001161409,0.0001895442,0.00008786868,0.0003292755,0.00005258467,0.005118493],"category_scores_gemma":[5.26698e-7,0.0004876462,0.0002719644,0.0000795961,0.00006520142,0.0001174477,0.0001842166,0.0009533963,0.001465374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002106037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008223255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001718366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002506005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982653,0.00002040171,0.0004428295,0.0005962384,0.0003388591,0.0003363246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987236,0.0001077722,0.0003066928,0.0007314847,0.00004528223,0.0000852236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001875493,0.0005060486,0.0001344953,0.00002288718,0.0002072208,0.000007919497,0.0001258368,0.001691666,0.00002589341,0.9217612,0.02993447,0.04556357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002812865,0.00004670713,0.0000312381,0.00007790632,0.00003493259,5.548686e-7,0.00001291931,0.00006497716,0.0001327893,0.536401,0.4625298,0.0003859163],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008936495,0.00001380382,0.001169324,0.001098671,0.0003931946,0.0006765075,0.000854626,0.00007372109,0.9948265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2451249,0.00002691059,0.0001051907,0.0006677255,0.0008328511,0.0003726301,0.001153814,0.0001904078,0.7515255],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4325953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312687447","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-12432-7_12","title":"Incoherent State","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics","topic":"Random lasers and scattering media","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Incandescent light bulb; Physics; Black-body radiation; Photon; Optics; Radiation; Laser light; Incoherent scatter; Laser","authors":[{"name":"Ray LaPierre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0132450385061815,"gpt":0.2277572546737897,"spread":0.2145122161676082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001245107,0.0005021546,0.0006014078,0.0001040785,0.0001241157,0.00005985576,0.0003584122,0.00006130247,0.002740812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001212286,0.0005198069,0.0002832023,0.00006347423,0.00009424778,0.0001097304,0.000251497,0.0008950446,0.0002754529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001473077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001345691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001396417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002512305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981438,0.00003591304,0.000456353,0.0005307359,0.000428664,0.0004045288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989168,0.0001001214,0.0002919828,0.0005488599,0.00003109085,0.0001111611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005397528,0.0001736282,0.0005299816,0.00005795572,0.0002700386,0.00005000559,0.0003258851,0.001794533,0.00001877186,0.8104435,0.01034923,0.1759325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009738871,0.00004168163,0.00002531793,0.0000841593,0.00003741104,5.359016e-7,0.00001027323,0.0001135434,0.00004562253,0.7221189,0.2760399,0.0005087745],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000582727,0.0001164491,0.000817674,0.0002841346,0.0008124438,0.0004871782,0.0002723252,0.00006354546,0.9965635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2068478,0.0001351233,0.0001496651,0.0001563592,0.001208877,0.0001082667,0.0007211969,0.0002364941,0.7904363],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2656907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312441048","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-12432-7_8","title":"Entanglement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum entanglement; Hidden variable theory; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Photon entanglement; Photon; Multipartite entanglement; Theoretical physics; Quantum; Squashed entanglement","authors":[{"name":"Ray LaPierre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01912885872301468,"gpt":0.2517204669288106,"spread":0.2325916082057959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008877796,0.0003703109,0.0003494946,0.00007663971,0.0001593315,0.00003891203,0.0003406522,0.00005576552,0.004275885],"category_scores_gemma":[4.411059e-7,0.0004199533,0.0002190176,0.00007380111,0.00003696429,0.00006456626,0.0002530784,0.0005951184,0.0003366969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000152183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001004755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005349013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007428157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998481,0.00001477355,0.000375503,0.0004840734,0.0003444323,0.0003002146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990314,0.00004604686,0.0002525335,0.0005685204,0.00003014534,0.00007130655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002219517,0.0001097142,0.00001894564,0.000009126869,0.00006763235,0.000003108386,0.000034922,0.00004486575,0.0000103129,0.9598196,0.003351836,0.03652779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001809316,0.0000156343,0.000001329922,0.00002240929,0.00002819303,2.097027e-7,0.00001213636,0.0002855803,0.00002796034,0.6097473,0.3894178,0.0002605291],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003253686,0.00008870239,0.005575932,0.000535066,0.0002956332,0.0005144011,0.0003761929,0.00005199036,0.9925296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4210097,0.0001866781,0.0003028758,0.0002867927,0.001646861,0.0003938441,0.002114411,0.0002977011,0.5737612],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4209771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313017360","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-12432-7_5","title":"Single Photon State","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics","topic":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Photodetection; Fock state; Fock space; Photon; State (computer science); Physics; Quantum optics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Photodetector; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Ray LaPierre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0202581895301823,"gpt":0.2261181081997612,"spread":0.2058599186695789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001634861,0.0004058507,0.0003707361,0.0003293269,0.0001491018,0.0001954723,0.001106762,0.00009985491,0.0001811471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004178247,0.0004438299,0.0002384718,0.0002784063,0.0000919153,0.0007228876,0.0005051829,0.0006674416,0.000319402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002003455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001538602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001854681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979091,0.00003190109,0.0005135906,0.0004828936,0.0006856392,0.0003769161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984885,0.00007440525,0.0003782598,0.0008993831,0.00006329903,0.00009619087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003869127,0.00005886531,0.00000237847,0.00002858195,0.00002684471,0.00002195664,0.0003571274,0.0001958134,0.00001033691,0.9194387,0.002428317,0.07742721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002098087,0.00007004805,0.000003244849,0.00003536469,0.000004918234,0.000004272837,0.000003358544,0.002828335,0.0001215161,0.6211154,0.3752522,0.000351487],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000344615,0.0001597861,0.0390173,0.0005038576,0.0007489208,0.000318692,0.00003251689,0.0003270256,0.9588574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1232013,0.003212105,0.01923516,0.00838811,0.0007365268,0.000205732,0.0007115126,0.0005007996,0.8438087],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.372824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312321774","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-12432-7_18","title":"Quantum Imaging","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Undergraduate texts in physics","topic":"Random lasers and scattering media","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Ghost imaging; Physics; Quantum metrology; Photon; Quantum imaging; Quantum; Metrology; Detector; Quantum entanglement; Coincidence; Quantum mechanics; Quantum sensor; Interference (communication); Theoretical physics; Optics; Quantum network; Computer science; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Ray LaPierre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01255514647405979,"gpt":0.2296870128151461,"spread":0.2171318663410863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001334235,0.0004836677,0.000556183,0.0001150946,0.0001533957,0.00006883263,0.0003637599,0.0000504313,0.002136702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001613686,0.0005187503,0.000306027,0.00006330556,0.0001047621,0.0001425092,0.0002181984,0.0008680365,0.0002294072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000125714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000591232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982074,0.00003037805,0.0004153118,0.0005439566,0.0003851237,0.0004178323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989529,0.0001120868,0.000262486,0.0005473268,0.000029859,0.00009535587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002116823,0.00006275312,0.0004339494,0.00002221634,0.00009934629,0.00003779723,0.000121846,0.0002834662,0.00001512891,0.9394305,0.007046279,0.05242554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008027261,0.00001868422,0.00001916251,0.00008034336,0.00004987585,0.000001229884,0.0000216171,0.0007599613,0.00001986573,0.7637293,0.2339781,0.0005190832],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001602192,0.0002530953,0.001362811,0.0005992158,0.0009767662,0.0003301536,0.0001457164,0.00007354547,0.9960985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4836336,0.0001094388,0.0001753038,0.0003113409,0.00254521,0.00009026792,0.0008580144,0.0003393608,0.5119375],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.484161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}