{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":54,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":54,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0a9142a920c1","filters":{"venue":"Understanding complex systems"}},"results":[{"id":"W2258199913","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-71512-2_2","title":"Time Delays in Neural Systems","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Neural dynamics and brain function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Neural system; Computer science; Artificial neural network; Neuroscience; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2248532776361634,"gpt":0.2860003100922808,"spread":0.06114703245611738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005696774,0.0006167056,0.0008654246,0.0008683673,0.0002774202,0.0003688665,0.0004538683,0.0004673237,0.0001481676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005984325,0.0006014954,0.0001988745,0.0001792294,0.0002365413,0.0001690704,0.0001296442,0.0007109492,0.0004706401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001760236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005062805,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001184532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004642534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996338,0.0001285727,0.0009876732,0.000998936,0.0008566637,0.0006901879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980329,0.0006315018,0.000554413,0.0005528568,0.00004411312,0.0001842574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008540949,0.00002668889,0.00001443737,0.0003696618,0.00002575161,0.0005812884,0.00009718928,0.005997516,0.008055222,0.9791347,0.005531232,0.00008088863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001124156,0.0003287513,0.00001095965,0.001468249,0.00005552002,0.0009240728,0.0002852769,0.8942722,0.00001495117,0.007684737,0.09225266,0.001578468],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006203405,0.0005502168,0.005325621,0.00009653165,0.005936261,0.001832708,0.0001969879,0.0004203921,0.9850209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7144809,0.0000345103,0.000005569458,0.0001749993,0.0005389719,0.00001167572,0.00006278148,0.0001564133,0.2845342],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2504241250","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-73665-3","title":"Complex Decision Making","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4498122265432588,"gpt":0.4322499569603706,"spread":0.0175622695828882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0132899,0.001665166,0.003831462,0.004970516,0.00169182,0.004976207,0.004635958,0.001307217,0.005016333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002386525,0.001382976,0.001418106,0.001923001,0.0005960467,0.0005095808,0.001598401,0.001360039,0.004810737],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005572248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007448846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000630283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002911979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9762329,0.0007462414,0.006480115,0.003222419,0.01148281,0.001835491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9714742,0.01815786,0.004085635,0.004293409,0.001300446,0.0006885086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001137235,0.00002687707,0.00008899096,0.00007273725,0.00009954393,0.0002035902,0.0002299656,0.0007344151,0.00001982112,0.3708318,0.6251955,0.002382949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006489202,0.00009730843,0.0001849439,0.001825551,0.00005161356,0.0003797476,0.001659187,0.0206237,1.104483e-7,0.3805762,0.5928575,0.001095183],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001230005,0.00185673,0.4740211,0.00003282524,0.005120953,0.001090193,0.0001726833,0.000332685,0.5173605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4242761,0.000009791663,0.003893551,0.0003664198,0.002967338,0.00002226409,0.00007787457,0.0003394898,0.5680472],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4701276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2223395474","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-71512-2_14","title":"The Role of Neural Context in Large-Scale Neurocognitive Network Operations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Neurocognitive; Scale (ratio); Context (archaeology); Artificial neural network; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience; Cognition; History; Geography; Cartography; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1215959211708025,"gpt":0.2937514593601855,"spread":0.172155538189383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005402675,0.0003785355,0.0005729091,0.0002063159,0.0005601596,0.0002703766,0.0005717302,0.0001940934,0.0000393602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005703927,0.000298085,0.0001646438,0.0001321061,0.0003398407,0.0001110819,0.0001904172,0.0005653965,0.00002586202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002504171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005338189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006842142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001264149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973441,0.0001908277,0.0008374266,0.0005686911,0.0004818248,0.0005771749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976707,0.001447628,0.0003239988,0.0003877858,0.00007916573,0.00009075315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007060342,0.00003090781,0.0001020785,0.00005218156,0.00003018785,0.00003636873,0.001348579,0.004217399,0.001140252,0.9913017,0.001264609,0.000405182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002426436,0.0007353452,0.0001000237,0.003000441,0.0001002211,0.0003194764,0.01655739,0.597222,0.001075928,0.05475898,0.3219248,0.001778917],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00145725,0.00339565,0.02292006,0.0002364761,0.003378502,0.002426288,0.0003327068,0.0001904968,0.9656626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9765996,0.00004941091,0.00002164462,0.0002724223,0.0003926626,0.00001205422,0.00001384604,0.000063175,0.02257518],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9751424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2612569823","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-55774-8","title":"Innovative Healthcare Systems for the 21st Century","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Health care; Healthcare system; History; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1258546040105177,"gpt":0.2842706061947809,"spread":0.1584160021842632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004320421,0.000443201,0.0006074078,0.0002150312,0.0005415961,0.0004042989,0.0005846219,0.0004620789,0.000009380074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003921631,0.0003408133,0.0001158426,0.0001262829,0.0001451638,0.00007779236,0.00004347205,0.0005156185,0.00002767362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002549266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002154067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001359496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001482462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982083,0.00002581778,0.0005453984,0.0003228614,0.0003925558,0.00050504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983509,0.0004055469,0.0002362935,0.0007050516,0.0001619653,0.0001402453],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000645721,0.000007417265,0.000002534013,0.01049906,0.0004449264,0.000002059859,0.0005799035,0.003164451,0.00001359798,0.426174,0.5587858,0.000319803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002493828,0.00003786834,0.00001008822,0.001858632,0.00004924006,0.00002125175,0.00247489,0.05742845,3.147518e-7,0.0008497025,0.936588,0.0004321219],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003471217,0.1011754,0.3511431,0.001416152,0.07440121,0.006235944,0.001823292,0.002032147,0.4617693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5980309,0.008715241,0.0001741225,0.0001292215,0.01755178,0.001445125,0.003446631,0.0009156356,0.3695914],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5980274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1528586140","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-39676-5_9","title":"Guiding Movements without Redundancy Problems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Motor Control and Adaptation","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Redundancy (engineering); Control theory (sociology); Motor control; Computer science; Parametric statistics; Neurophysiology; Control engineering; Engineering; Control (management); Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2753852543239365,"gpt":0.2852681278312297,"spread":0.009882873507293166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003002426,0.0005977713,0.0007336935,0.0003723621,0.000565934,0.0004300487,0.0004564089,0.0002828975,0.0002994679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006716939,0.0005834376,0.0002112717,0.00007697973,0.0001615811,0.0002117058,0.0001029208,0.0002816647,0.0002169487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001970906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001489734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001076334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001856095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965483,0.00007038002,0.0008687226,0.0009644894,0.000998353,0.0005497662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982836,0.0001312741,0.0008027278,0.0005380718,0.00005932558,0.0001849955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002115919,0.00001720966,0.00000735088,0.0003359939,0.00004503902,0.00003592267,0.0002969413,0.001224327,0.02234923,0.9752367,0.0003904835,0.00003961219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005388889,0.0005520408,0.00002095733,0.009938051,0.000199964,0.0001963117,0.0005910174,0.02334997,0.00024005,0.6532353,0.3032407,0.00304684],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003959306,0.0003725473,0.06529707,0.0001244654,0.00226671,0.002099703,0.000107698,0.0004554089,0.9292368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7188634,0.00006023829,0.0000620902,0.0001591192,0.0004487416,0.00003257749,0.00003431364,0.0001407867,0.2801987],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7188239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W654050397","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-8606-0","title":"Energy Policy Modeling in the 21st Century","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Global Energy Security and Policy","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1194223675137166,"gpt":0.2701091076352263,"spread":0.1506867401215097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004338743,0.0007459361,0.0009164753,0.0008489987,0.000373996,0.0005216023,0.001214132,0.0007833524,0.0001580837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003550755,0.0006027729,0.0003160333,0.0004719335,0.0001614311,0.0001704548,0.0001754715,0.0006906831,0.0001986006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003684379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005410449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1338183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01108551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960438,0.0004716622,0.0009569335,0.0006523475,0.0008439099,0.001031358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980805,0.0002887947,0.0003637297,0.001001902,0.00007404097,0.0001910632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000915994,0.00002909865,2.730433e-7,0.0001542122,0.00009512751,0.00002259476,0.00123782,0.03165111,0.000003733097,0.9298829,0.03674435,0.0001695914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000395992,0.00003327681,2.643635e-7,0.000470669,0.00003072248,0.00007152425,0.004364907,0.04803156,1.199376e-7,0.1446795,0.8013747,0.0005467508],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007844429,0.003326958,0.001069075,0.0005710444,0.001049331,0.0003448225,0.00007845143,0.0001895039,0.993363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7874693,0.001562999,0.0000207208,0.001759468,0.0049469,0.0001008936,0.0008032154,0.0002068823,0.2031296],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7902334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178664386","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-02329-3_6","title":"Stochastic Delay-Differential Equations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Markov process; Formalism (music); Delay differential equation; Stochastic differential equation; Applied mathematics; Noise (video); Differential equation; Mathematics; Differential (mechanical device); Statistical physics; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Physics; Mathematical analysis; Statistics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0889062808268827,"gpt":0.265705130448112,"spread":0.1767988496212293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009790234,0.000456459,0.0005382414,0.0002663611,0.0003460956,0.0002594699,0.000248701,0.0001689272,0.0005929908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003933846,0.0004637064,0.000234499,0.00004621273,0.00007957844,0.00006024509,0.0000522772,0.0003163489,0.000159525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004942165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001030314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009306506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008631462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981735,0.0000193722,0.000560082,0.0004604888,0.0004414286,0.0003451133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998768,0.0001372512,0.0004581853,0.0004051124,0.00009523961,0.0001362488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000765545,0.0000220299,0.000001592168,0.00002241949,0.0001833086,0.000001078057,0.00007380091,0.002707775,0.00002329058,0.9945058,0.002046194,0.0004050829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009618033,0.000155145,0.000008960097,0.0009836439,0.000449395,0.00001047471,0.0004749328,0.4050082,2.521987e-7,0.582104,0.008651548,0.0011916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003070832,0.00006836987,0.6509576,0.00002465126,0.0007481554,0.0004304972,0.00016639,0.00006369229,0.3475375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8523588,6.426311e-7,0.00005233942,0.00001106624,0.001616283,0.00001475051,0.0007866126,0.00006662829,0.1450928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8523558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W127982585","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-73665-3_1","title":"How to Improve Dynamic Decision Making? Practice and Promise","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Dynamic decision-making; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2590292050042376,"gpt":0.4101403470269558,"spread":0.1511111420227182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008932538,0.001155616,0.002190652,0.002895877,0.0009380215,0.006743932,0.001707223,0.0007789436,0.0002685052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006191206,0.0009397891,0.0004639752,0.0005908358,0.0002623301,0.0007592159,0.001277176,0.0008291125,0.0005137468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001994216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002048977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004096592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002695579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9871362,0.0002717199,0.002824249,0.002770823,0.005981417,0.001015589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9800559,0.01281444,0.002562726,0.002576063,0.001267343,0.0007235617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005901411,0.00003103091,0.00001962887,0.0001316172,0.0001815236,0.0003778199,0.000714582,0.0001371688,0.0001441733,0.9069076,0.06810213,0.02266261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007489008,0.0003167521,0.00003227111,0.00186678,0.0000908217,0.0006706523,0.004817074,0.01305869,3.050649e-7,0.2502056,0.7270641,0.001127994],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003654141,0.003033444,0.6267406,0.0004954868,0.003773018,0.002376915,0.0001566779,0.0001915417,0.3631957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.572982,0.00002471129,0.01334969,0.0004855491,0.0008909845,0.00003276014,0.00000949861,0.0002730557,0.4119518],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.658962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2486734307","doi":"10.1007/10973509_11","title":"Modeling TCP/RED: a Dynamical Approach","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Active queue management; Network congestion; Computer network; Computer science; Random early detection; Transmission Control Protocol; The Internet; TCP tuning; Explicit Congestion Notification; TCP Friendly Rate Control; World Wide Web; Network packet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09353659918390825,"gpt":0.2314849398063634,"spread":0.1379483406224551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004226931,0.0006565704,0.0009164091,0.0003703058,0.000393803,0.0007109498,0.001298724,0.0005077808,0.00002370339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005231177,0.0006553139,0.0003227556,0.0001112953,0.0001042626,0.0002093964,0.0002523746,0.0006209583,0.00007225631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001122358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001434043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006027457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001563748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964589,0.00007961291,0.0008484047,0.001106678,0.0008661837,0.0006401975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981973,0.0001361324,0.000309008,0.001028106,0.0001140533,0.0002153565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006350272,0.00001652042,9.803349e-7,0.00007611907,0.00009254888,0.00002454144,0.00003964137,0.1721935,0.000001604542,0.8135086,0.01357791,0.000461681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000502857,0.00004092193,2.429865e-7,0.0002847981,0.00004916901,0.0001049327,0.00004545772,0.9513516,1.280247e-8,0.02797442,0.01897426,0.0006712624],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[7.759832e-7,0.000562938,0.5817955,0.000119898,0.0007687564,0.0004093012,0.00001204307,0.000505168,0.4158256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7996724,0.00001770637,0.005398995,0.0001040223,0.001163541,0.00003759828,0.0001573702,0.0001301558,0.1933182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7996716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388624906","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5","title":"Managing Complex Tasks with Systems Thinking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4062286720195204,"gpt":0.3839143899364142,"spread":0.02231428208310615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01037138,0.00188357,0.004392674,0.004263595,0.002555056,0.01017194,0.004903652,0.0008816511,0.0005526611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006237636,0.001421523,0.0008485719,0.00254139,0.0005845222,0.0006350192,0.001510373,0.001444727,0.003735123],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00450624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008625345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005487984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000422264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9764878,0.001255088,0.004954041,0.003496442,0.01182731,0.001979312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.980902,0.008510306,0.004342642,0.004332902,0.001171379,0.0007407385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007003292,0.0000181725,0.00009686589,0.0003820977,0.000333895,0.0004735267,0.0006962102,0.01384802,0.00001340947,0.4590017,0.5249663,0.00009979843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001282351,0.0002487729,0.0000916363,0.00508969,0.0001684853,0.0007751481,0.01557628,0.135092,8.974001e-8,0.2952046,0.5444313,0.002039786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001171247,0.002367754,0.3765003,0.0002347175,0.007712507,0.002576553,0.0003814651,0.001411756,0.6088032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1680299,0.00002283931,0.0003880854,0.0001387092,0.002565462,0.0001111701,0.0002176829,0.0005983904,0.8279278],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3761122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W961119122","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-33902-8_13","title":"Mechanisms for Complex Systems Engineering Through Artificial Development","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Evolvability; Computer science; Function (biology); Sensitivity (control systems); Artificial intelligence; Development (topology); Space (punctuation); Control engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2073827047416988,"gpt":0.2742188261621337,"spread":0.06683612142043488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005463955,0.0006449202,0.0008090997,0.0002724783,0.0008405952,0.0005481682,0.001059978,0.0003580143,0.0000337487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008309576,0.0006823873,0.0002181659,0.0001246655,0.00006273224,0.0003642016,0.0002887106,0.000279494,0.0001459237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001675067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000187095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003885099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006523706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966015,0.00002807122,0.00105964,0.000836581,0.0007088189,0.0007653913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979565,0.0002378737,0.0005584958,0.0008537202,0.0001746843,0.0002187679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002953696,0.00002693033,1.964344e-7,0.0003301732,0.0001541751,0.000002741167,0.0003359726,0.002224379,0.0007222975,0.9917769,0.004314851,0.0001084767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002695518,0.0000552519,0.000005524347,0.0004643031,0.00004851226,0.00008988645,0.0002262344,0.3357108,0.00001137418,0.07836115,0.583801,0.0009564493],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[6.743964e-7,0.001080227,0.9646808,0.0001753251,0.002455015,0.001888842,0.0001241749,0.0005717669,0.02902316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.258817,0.00008482104,0.6463581,0.0001645865,0.003967762,0.001515461,0.001453522,0.0005461186,0.08709256],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9134157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2534273878","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-45612-6_3","title":"From Labquakes in Porous Materials to Earthquakes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"earthquake and tectonic studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Acoustic emission; Compression (physics); Seismology; Porosity; Geology; Porous medium; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1045272907486464,"gpt":0.2446622142278307,"spread":0.1401349234791843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003925114,0.0005331343,0.001021116,0.0004230578,0.0002117709,0.0002423077,0.0003696306,0.0002958002,0.009129932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003263764,0.0004146,0.0001000032,0.00007286936,0.0001312039,0.0001112376,0.00004231415,0.0001886981,0.002963496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001095633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006755374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005771853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01497134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972868,0.00008685204,0.0007584924,0.0007290819,0.0005441667,0.000594585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984413,0.0005808829,0.0002825853,0.0004691766,0.0000394143,0.0001866447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001145926,0.00007138651,0.04249525,0.001154385,0.002485081,0.002300443,0.01018872,0.0009947265,0.001273146,0.8169612,0.09819236,0.02273736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003785579,0.001251342,0.05517464,0.0104722,0.0002629302,0.0001441652,0.006431202,0.0001973772,0.00007849695,0.2661764,0.6503546,0.005671096],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01080335,0.003474788,0.0005417114,0.0004738378,0.003421198,0.001123163,0.003459948,0.0002305242,0.9764715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9051659,0.0001301391,0.00006665439,0.0001154608,0.0009832933,0.000003648134,0.00023223,0.00003238452,0.09327032],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8943625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205501812","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-77657-4_9","title":"Artificial Development","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphor; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Psychology; Mathematics; Geography; Philosophy; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2288955342872955,"gpt":0.2425574041191666,"spread":0.01366186983187104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001171488,0.0004422848,0.0005249345,0.0002391286,0.0002349007,0.0001022193,0.0002430033,0.0002912441,0.0003627749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002840777,0.0004612243,0.0001075369,0.0000324459,0.00007436213,0.00004234647,0.00003952414,0.0003157583,0.0005741399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001158772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005505636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008056903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002308224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998233,0.000008946047,0.0006480413,0.0003220845,0.0004323056,0.0003555789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993581,0.00004245748,0.00009593827,0.0003432243,0.00003515443,0.0001251814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007574309,0.000009615625,0.000003600238,0.0005957149,0.0004349593,0.0001716075,0.001205283,0.03804344,0.0001376308,0.8740467,0.08357091,0.001772902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006344006,0.00002346121,0.000002122938,0.0006046193,0.00002633346,0.0001317643,0.0001427572,0.02487593,0.00008450636,0.005374383,0.9676611,0.001009598],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009506034,0.001499643,0.3078479,0.000006469386,0.001715081,0.0003307617,0.00001707784,0.0004850085,0.6880885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7005482,0.0006656472,0.001073873,0.00003037254,0.001289178,0.00002723102,0.0002153504,0.0004425342,0.2957076],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8840902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112261948","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-47824-0_15","title":"Deflection Routing in Complex Networks","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Deflection (physics); Deflection routing; Computer science; Computer network; Routing (electronic design automation); Physics; Static routing; Routing protocol; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1804800892069723,"gpt":0.2759096154591096,"spread":0.09542952625213738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003273011,0.0006031939,0.0008987796,0.0004533949,0.0001217414,0.0001288751,0.0003497337,0.0007413107,0.00005891501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000275988,0.000675686,0.0001121664,0.0001836363,0.0001632878,0.0001197793,0.0001297833,0.001018291,0.00005259625],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004165808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002135512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000231832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001816407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976401,0.00002478502,0.0007915358,0.0004657886,0.0003876281,0.0006901386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989562,0.0001922,0.0001759117,0.0004940143,0.00005737394,0.000124323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007098934,0.000002784701,0.00002444704,0.00009538349,0.00005667226,0.00002688202,0.00002916137,0.4702154,0.00001404039,0.519288,0.01002837,0.000211789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004061745,0.00005050648,0.00001020727,0.0007614518,0.00003004587,0.00004903862,0.000396787,0.8886823,1.911771e-7,0.06454935,0.04427653,0.0007873962],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000678038,0.001709077,0.4988154,0.00001626489,0.0009761401,0.0005104741,0.00001138363,0.00182527,0.4961292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821675,0.0002501919,0.00267958,0.00001388332,0.0006751548,0.00002653881,0.0001604183,0.0003365528,0.01369019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9821607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W131673369","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-71512-2_8","title":"Insights into Brain Connectivity Using Quantitative MRI Measures of White Matter","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"White matter; Neuroscience; Psychology; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging; Radiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4724008109973974,"gpt":0.4077308608957799,"spread":0.06466995010161747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002586214,0.0004086086,0.0009534105,0.0005613742,0.0003018542,0.00002744396,0.0001555604,0.0002454991,0.00007294053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003157579,0.0003892992,0.0002022884,0.0001164077,0.000358745,0.00007724055,0.0001152917,0.0004310874,0.00001295009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009281135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008925438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001045026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003738402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979663,0.00004442038,0.0006870101,0.0005561549,0.0005022454,0.0002438389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998009,0.00035434,0.0006543611,0.000624582,0.0002304504,0.0001272572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001165272,0.0000457762,0.0008120124,0.0008057008,0.0002177384,0.00004148957,0.0009498631,0.0001587415,0.0077027,0.9825331,0.006598494,0.00001785481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00359341,0.00132981,0.0009148967,0.01631981,0.001285484,0.000821526,0.004001088,0.03126281,0.0008585843,0.5686489,0.3678394,0.003124288],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003357227,0.0005936152,0.8002177,0.0004030339,0.0001534031,0.001163807,0.00003336252,0.0001758232,0.1969235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.955144,0.00004573915,0.01966764,0.0003860612,0.0001989249,0.00001590804,0.00008219343,0.0001952725,0.02426421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9548084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W181108341","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-1705-1_4","title":"A Framework for Agent-Based Social Simulations of Social Identity Dynamics","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Social dynamics; Dynamics (music); Identity (music); Social identity theory; Sociology; Social identity approach; Computer science; Physics; Social science; Social group","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1325752816783221,"gpt":0.3462709917916716,"spread":0.2136957101133496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002328798,0.0003450383,0.00078216,0.0001597516,0.0008142514,0.0001865281,0.0003007712,0.0003502842,0.0002081506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009506669,0.0004095814,0.0005396261,0.00006532567,0.0002253103,0.00006518016,0.00005675949,0.0002919275,0.00000798558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006410513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001386788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001202808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005023934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982276,0.00004461192,0.0006790532,0.0003451162,0.0003978245,0.000305783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981961,0.0003853148,0.0009337263,0.0002089626,0.0002110395,0.0000649162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001390496,0.00002048093,0.0001174066,0.0002480926,0.0002212679,1.468764e-7,0.0003126794,0.001254512,0.000003434169,0.9970711,0.0006907534,0.00004616183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005862087,0.00004374808,0.00003110674,0.0002690922,0.0001533603,8.460507e-8,0.0007983275,0.1925426,2.358006e-7,0.7947221,0.01035679,0.0004963956],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008410174,0.00001229773,0.9363804,0.0001316996,0.0008552536,0.0007033318,0.003340881,0.00004390664,0.05844806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98693,3.234815e-7,0.000600466,0.00002745921,0.001416798,0.00001826616,0.00122812,0.00008779244,0.009690818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9868459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387465949","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5","title":"Solvable Cellular Automata","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Cellular automaton; Computer science; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1472341075124248,"gpt":0.2676570217044205,"spread":0.1204229141919957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005737355,0.0005264257,0.0007326844,0.0005123499,0.0005976072,0.001151968,0.002432151,0.0003722073,0.00004632012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001362186,0.0005559414,0.0002583986,0.0005189383,0.0001159949,0.0002607502,0.0007789967,0.0004015895,0.002950862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001651434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004876643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005151753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001374699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965589,0.00008681558,0.0007206557,0.001057891,0.0008830952,0.0006926365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966744,0.0003050249,0.0004560403,0.002267068,0.00007274739,0.0002246994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.896837e-7,0.0000138209,5.872086e-7,0.0002010311,0.00006285332,0.00004546285,0.0001113641,0.0001129575,0.0002129185,0.6415594,0.3576418,0.00003739378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003161194,0.00003751267,0.000002084636,0.0004183048,0.00004196474,0.00004655117,0.000117772,0.3154114,0.00001285718,0.09653756,0.5863235,0.0007343897],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[5.974496e-7,0.0003182198,0.6283956,0.0002130004,0.001417389,0.0005957686,0.00006198579,0.002330426,0.366667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007353197,0.00004235472,0.001615505,0.00005865036,0.0005573225,0.00009049369,0.0005994023,0.0001608253,0.9895223],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6267801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W91203902","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-74479-5_7","title":"Imaging the Neural Control of Voluntary Movement using MEG","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; Mental Health Research Canada; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetoencephalography; Sensory system; Neuroscience; Psychology; Perception; Neuroimaging; Brain activity and meditation; Sensation; Electroencephalography; Neural correlates of consciousness; Cognitive psychology; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1971847240150296,"gpt":0.3063034715250502,"spread":0.1091187475100205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005877365,0.0004940774,0.000713334,0.0003346075,0.0004021432,0.000225309,0.0007553289,0.0001252849,0.00008106029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002681824,0.0003698511,0.0002703608,0.0000777056,0.0004710758,0.0001271831,0.0001871193,0.0004509486,0.00001007032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006951813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005401762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001929661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001683845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969766,0.0001330672,0.0009035267,0.0006296675,0.0008469743,0.0005101266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997573,0.0008578034,0.000808403,0.0005950482,0.00006748865,0.00009825817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001424808,0.00004691615,0.0004822923,0.0006129946,0.0002389934,0.0002199402,0.001194459,0.008613555,0.06125301,0.92316,0.003741135,0.0002942264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001878093,0.0002222784,0.00003347941,0.002330038,0.0002855214,0.0004672122,0.001892348,0.9426725,0.001901153,0.01877518,0.02819048,0.001351715],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003263657,0.00284494,0.559429,0.000585341,0.008153935,0.003158917,0.0004639938,0.0003866428,0.4217135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882931,0.000009323677,0.00005145887,0.001067696,0.0004933296,0.000002893552,0.000005734113,0.00008656587,0.009989898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9850295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388642350","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_14","title":"The Sustainable Management of Plastic Contents Recycling in Bangladesh: A System Dynamics Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Causal loop diagram; Reuse; System dynamics; Environmental economics; Order (exchange); Sustainable development; Business; Profit (economics); Government (linguistics); Identification (biology); Engineering; Computer science; Economics; Political science; Waste management; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06782776718856788,"gpt":0.2230566428268749,"spread":0.155228875638307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007993735,0.0003531038,0.0005164875,0.0001821342,0.0003681312,0.0001255862,0.0004323478,0.0002169464,0.0000272287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002266124,0.0002902229,0.0001313648,0.0001706056,0.0002479921,0.00005044425,0.0003564655,0.0002902026,0.0001031773],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005027205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000165277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006049935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001844634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974182,0.00006261106,0.0008121752,0.000481685,0.0006505149,0.0005747922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984321,0.0005467741,0.0005237525,0.000391748,0.00001708913,0.00008851867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004579391,0.00001286802,0.0001350219,0.00146015,0.0001498958,0.00007597736,0.0000908932,0.01811721,0.000008345175,0.9786024,0.001279664,0.00002174875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001514141,0.0001391538,0.0005580959,0.005473208,0.0003023408,0.00005755312,0.02579878,0.9413978,5.55488e-7,0.01303575,0.01073884,0.0009837027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001900983,0.0001845096,0.1519991,0.00001568311,0.001496335,0.00160747,0.0001748584,0.0001218906,0.84421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.817354,0.00007420639,0.00007549472,0.000001939244,0.0000413451,0.00002524963,0.00008768252,0.00007362189,0.1822665],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9655667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1795280803","doi":"10.1007/3-540-32023-7_20","title":"Quantum Chaos Versus Classical Chaos: Why is Quantum Chaos Weaker?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Quantum chaos and dynamical systems","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"CHAOS (operating system); Quantum chaos; Quantum; Statistical physics; Synchronization of chaos; Control of chaos; Physics; Quantum mechanics; Quantum dynamics; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1082513482147024,"gpt":0.2704870274885866,"spread":0.1622356792738841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005569979,0.001903757,0.002734464,0.0005776323,0.0009340172,0.0008082811,0.001029613,0.0009671713,0.001869529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009139162,0.001815464,0.00129175,0.0002190026,0.0005387953,0.0002625041,0.0003367904,0.001434839,0.001113459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001662476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000236835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002493874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001060515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921516,0.0001881617,0.002223092,0.001967088,0.001746112,0.001723994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953396,0.0005695103,0.001582458,0.00158415,0.0002284698,0.0006957703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000147719,0.0001055652,0.00008856216,0.0003648634,0.000709528,0.00003489172,0.0001825811,0.0001073121,0.00006195885,0.8275717,0.1705763,0.00004897754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003890678,0.0005504463,0.00001539415,0.002053581,0.0004311223,0.00002605835,0.001779189,0.1559741,0.000004125968,0.09704862,0.735339,0.002887633],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003202126,0.001435725,0.1388639,0.00121748,0.01137319,0.003022692,0.002662694,0.0007356373,0.8403685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8675402,0.00002571471,0.00002463117,0.0001288386,0.006623073,0.0001165985,0.00142968,0.0005164763,0.1235948],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8672199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996643,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388879038","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45229-1_1","title":"An Overview of Advanced Technologies for the Management of Disruptive Supply Chains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Supply chain management; Business; Process management; Process (computing); Service management; Cloud computing; Knowledge management; Industrial organization; Marketing; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1858411656310999,"gpt":0.3225846369295577,"spread":0.1367434712984578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006161308,0.0004565583,0.0007915822,0.0006427396,0.000314506,0.0001527072,0.001053447,0.0001810947,0.00004348428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001251861,0.0003311459,0.0003045921,0.0002874613,0.0003511034,0.0002846173,0.0004270031,0.0001549978,0.00002386122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002045546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001518211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001435588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008705376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976068,0.000007904397,0.0007909193,0.0005512332,0.0006416442,0.0004014719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975697,0.000229598,0.001109478,0.0009182821,0.0001618392,0.00001112587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000573716,0.00002808748,0.00005236087,0.006184337,0.0005860769,0.000009507386,0.00009143699,0.00195043,0.00001880446,0.9860616,0.002813309,0.002146691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002871082,0.0003350755,0.0004930857,0.01325491,0.002293104,0.000003863574,0.1693628,0.05405704,0.00001537835,0.3474925,0.4078771,0.001944022],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004016779,0.02699549,0.1756072,0.003605393,0.00952941,0.0312581,0.001233599,0.003649863,0.7477192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8852724,0.00779649,0.0004657767,0.000116278,0.0006697186,0.0005013554,0.0004305526,0.000324481,0.104423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8848707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388879081","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45229-1_9","title":"Phenomenological Study of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain in Pakistan: Innovative Approaches to Minimize Operational Inefficiencies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Quality and Supply Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Business; Context (archaeology); Pharmaceutical industry; Process management; Product (mathematics); Government (linguistics); Process (computing); Industrial organization; Marketing; Computer science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.504869022081893,"gpt":0.3399204992512658,"spread":0.1649485228306272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001657012,0.0005046244,0.001000342,0.00152146,0.0002306294,0.0004038198,0.0005504417,0.0001877474,0.0004178541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005980507,0.0004715284,0.00008568481,0.0008127752,0.0002033905,0.000233909,0.0006516618,0.0003897698,0.000184602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000560879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004680299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003163542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002488965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964218,0.00006198522,0.001299198,0.0007642243,0.0009782702,0.0004744813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987738,0.0002770435,0.0004120301,0.0003580155,0.0001484925,0.00003065184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001466864,0.0003164528,0.0005739226,0.0006317145,0.0001799258,0.00004747285,0.001981376,0.004754181,0.00000988886,0.9884661,0.002835843,0.00005646758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01325477,0.001043139,0.00475689,0.00302531,0.0005180963,0.00001095434,0.50327,0.1495324,0.000001801981,0.08826354,0.2312123,0.005110752],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008184872,0.0001417176,0.02774918,0.002905888,0.001613983,0.007796244,0.0001674536,0.0004546327,0.950986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703031,0.000003814002,0.00007230294,0.0003430511,0.0005166473,0.0001223461,0.0001736587,0.00007456725,0.02839057],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9621181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388878983","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45229-1","title":"Advanced Technologies and the Management of Disruptive Supply Chains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Supply chain; Business; Supply chain management; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Process management; Medicine; Materials science; Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05555759398792063,"gpt":0.2531313759732742,"spread":0.1975737819853536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007663263,0.0004968288,0.0008461101,0.0007346356,0.0004505268,0.0003869415,0.0007909811,0.0001921874,0.00002259193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000214053,0.0003374191,0.0001902508,0.0005208059,0.0009350405,0.0002693291,0.001073692,0.0002782677,0.00008415118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003746361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002225238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001494114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006834162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974989,0.00002210135,0.0006659575,0.0006215192,0.0007064519,0.0004850529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981768,0.0002410092,0.0008057817,0.0006848408,0.00008015213,0.00001146361],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008948567,0.00001457111,0.00008289759,0.003364785,0.0004976076,0.00004564471,0.0001610387,0.0003163712,0.000001671354,0.964591,0.02977224,0.001062746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006681607,0.00006633256,0.0003805974,0.008127166,0.001387746,0.000011827,0.2278209,0.0275483,0.000001258247,0.3681515,0.3581097,0.001712938],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002836197,0.004550367,0.01219049,0.002637318,0.002852256,0.00659666,0.00008125374,0.001775437,0.9690326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4477189,0.002783604,0.0001000028,0.0001561527,0.0005998608,0.0003336734,0.0002158269,0.0001917942,0.5479003],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5964394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625273","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_18","title":"Understanding the Dynamics of Endangered Species with System Dynamics Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Endangered species; Wildlife; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Environmental resource management; Wildlife conservation; Habitat; Environmental planning; Geography; Ecology; Biology; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2323174495375727,"gpt":0.2415542419334206,"spread":0.009236792395847987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005849965,0.0006123036,0.0008562027,0.0001786903,0.0006291239,0.0002314802,0.0007166334,0.000335532,0.002155075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001079482,0.0004436466,0.0002374333,0.0002990199,0.001154471,0.00009985526,0.0003521138,0.0004187971,0.000251],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.027588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003522997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002738491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002879931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966184,0.00007675523,0.0007376799,0.0006737252,0.001313318,0.0005800463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979141,0.0002565474,0.0008398021,0.0008092451,0.0000325619,0.0001477366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003707607,0.00001588226,0.000328755,0.000522936,0.0001911483,0.00001883199,0.0003797763,0.0008593422,0.000009611418,0.9906743,0.006958351,0.000003967595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002036589,0.0004648056,0.0007556519,0.002606732,0.0007827186,0.0005124633,0.547963,0.4152537,0.000002588852,0.0136098,0.01326777,0.00274413],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002509459,0.00004296944,0.2064391,0.0001388831,0.000558253,0.0008859738,0.00149898,0.0002727242,0.790138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7771491,0.00006217252,0.00004440264,0.00001620987,0.0001111102,0.00003079296,0.001583197,0.0001871307,0.2208159],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9770645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W149578914","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07986-8_12","title":"The Greater Whole: Human-Facilitated ILEs and Better Decision-Making Critical Lessons Learned","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4318310356307025,"gpt":0.4402535423866376,"spread":0.008422506755935089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007587907,0.0010846,0.002071491,0.001124894,0.004086963,0.006490171,0.002033721,0.0006924235,0.0007624331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003593979,0.0006950199,0.0006036203,0.0002989913,0.001394499,0.0002699577,0.001138432,0.0009837579,0.0009322678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006627129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001036637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004349298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002362233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9882287,0.0006902484,0.003341809,0.002192795,0.004455931,0.001090537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9684244,0.0265166,0.001228948,0.002595962,0.0008217288,0.000412384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006833532,0.000006200186,0.00009435785,0.00005666205,0.0001102344,0.00006807961,0.0004149391,0.00007544015,0.00005314651,0.8886498,0.1032739,0.007128902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003807183,0.0000953601,0.0001637231,0.001494338,0.0000556766,0.000170467,0.001670598,0.00615722,1.464742e-7,0.5730534,0.4160907,0.0006677104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005840014,0.005941376,0.5681319,0.00407874,0.005323241,0.001825994,0.0004922029,0.0004901606,0.4131324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8682491,0.00001474833,0.0003496171,0.0002046834,0.0007801784,0.0000235039,0.00001131072,0.0001529791,0.1302139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8676651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2677390","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07986-8_4","title":"Seeking the Truth: Human-Facilitated ILEs and Hypotheses Development","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Epistemology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5161449603964949,"gpt":0.3801764769515923,"spread":0.1359684834449026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006536834,0.0008752532,0.0017235,0.00102657,0.002311319,0.002851737,0.001627669,0.0003948775,0.0006835861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001256383,0.0005490258,0.0003358338,0.0002395083,0.0005579326,0.0001524877,0.0007387752,0.0005420356,0.0005028889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007234797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008070638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002195945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9909315,0.0004447962,0.002842132,0.001510739,0.003602591,0.0006682759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9829186,0.01298357,0.001708431,0.001680495,0.0004320427,0.0002768676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002291168,0.000005835906,0.00009379051,0.00007948182,0.0001464896,0.00001868843,0.001279415,0.0001176139,0.0000669044,0.9680051,0.0288625,0.00130133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004459793,0.00008352663,0.0002418254,0.001058772,0.00004207391,0.0001527967,0.004609843,0.004875978,9.628299e-7,0.2335647,0.7540982,0.0008253653],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007273657,0.005498149,0.2631135,0.0001623696,0.004238538,0.001593902,0.000106887,0.0003778284,0.7241814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7906111,0.000007158107,0.0001916586,0.00005814935,0.0004805743,0.00001911544,0.00001257747,0.00009711533,0.2085225],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7898838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388624868","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_1","title":"Introduction: Managing Complex Tasks with Systems Thinking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Systems thinking; Computer science; Management science; Knowledge management; Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3674569616244798,"gpt":0.3608052618187463,"spread":0.006651699805733546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007946507,0.001646243,0.003529085,0.003490007,0.00232591,0.007214013,0.0031551,0.000716995,0.001693315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004173879,0.001272061,0.0007060734,0.001273395,0.0005663506,0.0006157378,0.001081446,0.001272761,0.004133265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002257779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002758302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000350625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002581472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9810824,0.0005568836,0.004309783,0.003394678,0.009239134,0.00141714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9867881,0.00378021,0.003662806,0.00397844,0.001213565,0.0005769104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007240351,0.00001006947,0.00003372815,0.0001972607,0.0002955994,0.0002521231,0.0003830947,0.01002358,0.00001414415,0.6725255,0.3160771,0.0001154309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008327364,0.0002097806,0.00003938703,0.002009613,0.0001412593,0.001006986,0.009036903,0.0463981,1.177654e-7,0.2478613,0.690913,0.001550744],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007514476,0.001819679,0.3114276,0.00109741,0.01225869,0.002299201,0.000253902,0.001364784,0.6694712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1916188,0.00003104508,0.000507856,0.0001094618,0.008124785,0.00006547951,0.0001562537,0.0005548038,0.7988315],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4246642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388879110","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45229-1_10","title":"Supply Chain Resilience During Pandemic Disruption: Evidence from the Healthcare Sector of Pakistan","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Business; Resilience (materials science); Health care; Pandemic; Supply chain management; Psychological resilience; Supply chain risk management; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Operations management; Marketing; Service management; Medicine; Economic growth; Economics; Psychology; Disease","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.159193142960506,"gpt":0.2997589785920188,"spread":0.1405658356315128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009992911,0.0006083957,0.0008356685,0.000473807,0.0007992358,0.0005528731,0.001163103,0.0002727269,0.0003358368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008560994,0.000464324,0.0002881648,0.0003679657,0.0003718988,0.0005080837,0.0005789679,0.0004933613,0.0002739607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007758542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007554948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00863976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003465086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959698,0.00005184416,0.001125826,0.0009306764,0.001303045,0.0006188078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996721,0.0007683394,0.001216941,0.001076404,0.0001744984,0.00004285514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002195993,0.00002451184,0.04182166,0.004560967,0.0003550995,0.0001378819,0.001193715,0.001721674,0.0003501997,0.9290342,0.02034357,0.0002369018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006095031,0.0003968506,0.1399134,0.1137045,0.002363937,0.0000867233,0.1614728,0.04449438,0.00002138975,0.3242576,0.1974988,0.009694616],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1350983,0.06812516,0.05408123,0.04040666,0.05405344,0.04305676,0.00371045,0.0112526,0.5902154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9585052,0.0009871426,0.00001220335,0.0002038543,0.002583256,0.00004788596,0.0001439868,0.0001411961,0.03737533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8234068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625076","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_15","title":"The Potential Impact of ESG Spending on Public Perception of the Canadian Oil Sands","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Greenhouse gas; Transformational leadership; Business; Environmental economics; Petroleum industry; Perception; Natural resource economics; Industrial organization; Environmental resource management; Economics; Engineering; Ecology; Finance; Environmental engineering; Management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1295543641094871,"gpt":0.3051973937430956,"spread":0.1756430296336085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009619599,0.0003531805,0.0005459276,0.00046659,0.001131678,0.0002522807,0.0008166066,0.000417382,0.0002525955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001790728,0.000218073,0.0006167059,0.0002376401,0.0005713262,0.00006069141,0.0001567003,0.0005377018,0.00002886463],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006663694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008316221,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2910907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2844955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997005,0.0002539539,0.0006510855,0.0003706805,0.001021047,0.000698266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980744,0.0003169419,0.0003812716,0.0007594221,0.0002353677,0.0002326096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005793667,0.000008322947,0.0002266478,0.0001887046,0.0003343931,0.00001572837,0.000164404,0.01092627,0.00005027992,0.9861563,0.001339474,0.0005315254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003745501,0.001860334,0.01454821,0.004999136,0.0005017937,0.0003243534,0.03563618,0.05100682,0.000009247978,0.7493714,0.1349647,0.003032315],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002970756,0.0001099272,0.00009709712,0.0004946456,0.00119922,0.0003604619,0.0001539535,0.00006724846,0.9945467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8444949,0.00004578801,8.688332e-7,0.000005196482,0.0001860071,0.000006036707,0.0000464355,0.00006315295,0.1551517],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8415241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625277","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_19","title":"Understanding the Dynamics of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China with System Dynamics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); China; Psychological intervention; Transmission (telecommunications); Antiretroviral therapy; Dynamics (music); Medicine; System dynamics; Virology; Environmental health; Computer science; Psychology; Viral load; Political science; Psychiatry; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1541196477239838,"gpt":0.3079065776110941,"spread":0.1537869298871102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001699231,0.0006028409,0.001386863,0.00087457,0.0005067373,0.0001289382,0.0007591799,0.0004109259,0.0000707296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001363149,0.0003524987,0.0005980918,0.0005680071,0.0008060337,0.00008748396,0.0002825276,0.001483962,0.00005610574],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01270265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000385349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004934705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004556531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955598,0.0003004828,0.001359668,0.0006213363,0.001414811,0.0007438897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968752,0.0006762402,0.0008194873,0.001290953,0.0001343607,0.0002037719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001367926,0.00002704308,0.002067283,0.002884247,0.0006125567,0.00007635116,0.0004328897,0.0005125673,0.000007900248,0.9850792,0.008142975,0.0000201372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00289625,0.0017793,0.0003565154,0.04757877,0.0006837943,0.0007926963,0.06083362,0.8577576,7.70689e-7,0.02548573,0.001010157,0.0008247338],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001478871,0.0003076915,0.3000026,0.001652145,0.000619439,0.003327001,0.001076193,0.0002450298,0.692622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6366365,0.00004901408,0.00003255789,0.00001073372,0.0001354563,0.00003338766,0.0002973342,0.0001685661,0.3626364],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9595935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466545","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_7","title":"Construction of the Probability Measures","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Mathematical Control Systems and Analysis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Statistics; Mathematics; Econometrics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1997257495620334,"gpt":0.2503394563080106,"spread":0.0506137067459772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009429626,0.0002839554,0.0007996032,0.0001728314,0.0002316375,0.0001974434,0.001003906,0.0001978138,0.00002006968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007834074,0.0001864557,0.0004300409,0.0001814391,0.0002372182,0.00008162436,0.0002698031,0.0002186243,0.00003145125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003841764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000962522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007399174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008375438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974266,0.0001261813,0.0008491352,0.0004593212,0.000912823,0.0002259732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975564,0.0002467243,0.0007907521,0.001167485,0.0001663936,0.00007222973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001267758,0.000004653255,0.00001765373,0.0004437057,0.0001685297,0.000001270904,0.00009387196,0.00007440206,0.00004301394,0.998156,0.0009228868,0.00007273352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000209055,0.00003032987,0.00001025339,0.001141637,0.000105051,0.00002926385,0.0001401675,0.04056514,0.000004664584,0.9481538,0.009286201,0.0003244314],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003509352,0.0001463982,0.6754978,0.0002459387,0.001123204,0.0007444061,0.00002477949,0.0002057032,0.3220083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6373907,0.00003113847,0.004566108,0.00004113047,0.0005669498,0.00005835147,0.00001095738,0.0001329084,0.3572018],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6709317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7603443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408495074","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-77378-5_14","title":"On Group Classification of Nonlinear Heat Equation: Algebraic Approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Nonlinear Waves and Solitons","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Mathematics; Algebraic number; Group (periodic table); Applied mathematics; Pure mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1321033512906205,"gpt":0.2836275667297223,"spread":0.1515242154391018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001881947,0.0003820311,0.0006953048,0.00027745,0.0002003022,0.00009422003,0.0002528346,0.0001901689,0.0002307294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003857761,0.0003722848,0.0002916429,0.00007867277,0.0001159993,0.00004872699,0.00005732861,0.0003262926,0.0000325125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003280883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001041858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009857032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002405605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981514,0.00004476879,0.0006747796,0.0004783191,0.0004060016,0.0002447504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986972,0.0002412421,0.0003221383,0.0005741543,0.0000822975,0.00008293866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001701196,0.00006758608,0.00003265714,0.0002346777,0.0002261756,4.417826e-7,0.00007159033,0.0002449291,0.00005804564,0.9954631,0.003494593,0.00008918526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002187271,0.0003824321,0.00006660877,0.003164822,0.000494756,0.000004516598,0.003496784,0.3967955,0.00001323932,0.470971,0.1207308,0.001692328],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002483447,0.00009055745,0.2784077,0.00003836371,0.0004395763,0.0005492311,0.0004428502,0.00004020352,0.7199667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7924964,0.000008506606,0.001766149,0.00003482172,0.001716008,0.00002902745,0.004019579,0.0001169745,0.1998126],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7924715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466010","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_3","title":"Multiplicative and Additive Rules","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Multiplicative function; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1587047227444546,"gpt":0.2755288657010723,"spread":0.1168241429566177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001891493,0.0004395411,0.000591931,0.0003031217,0.0003594853,0.000296086,0.0006367631,0.0002330443,0.00002058416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002581522,0.0004078121,0.0001066342,0.00007921935,0.000238681,0.0002183296,0.0004655238,0.0003210003,0.0003354682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004332914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004747089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001333695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001153604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979417,0.000042271,0.0003909809,0.0008611394,0.0003920076,0.0003718553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981511,0.0006265948,0.0003723443,0.0006139162,0.00007580814,0.0001602511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002942026,0.000003384346,0.0000018877,0.00005926014,0.00008220593,0.00004418396,0.0004228165,0.00001869572,0.00001194398,0.9955885,0.003246189,0.0005179953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003997012,0.0001134589,0.00004085234,0.0006425232,0.00002707899,0.0000784791,0.0006190854,0.01874801,0.000002076813,0.909807,0.06872296,0.000798782],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001830233,0.0004976621,0.6125962,0.0001415203,0.0006429622,0.0005316109,0.000168017,0.0006608014,0.3847594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1840747,0.0008928347,0.01060739,0.0002949679,0.001070695,0.0001260942,0.0003439894,0.0003208089,0.8022686],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6019889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387465740","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_10","title":"Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Jamming; Emulation; Probabilistic logic; Simple (philosophy); Statistical physics; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Discrete mathematics; Physics; Statistics; Economics; Condensed matter physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1657092502144069,"gpt":0.276373339233673,"spread":0.1106640890192661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002248358,0.0003311107,0.0004064055,0.000350939,0.000437909,0.0005088559,0.001330902,0.0002239302,0.00004452616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003197645,0.0003537064,0.0001729189,0.0001927292,0.0000910634,0.0001180696,0.0003572943,0.0002522518,0.002651562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000507255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009455105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001793769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001098407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979922,0.00001762638,0.0004802534,0.0007073259,0.0004828106,0.0003198174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978347,0.0001910379,0.0003044773,0.001460123,0.00006312353,0.000146544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[2.506585e-7,0.000005646101,5.331532e-7,0.00007543972,0.00004895917,0.000007315517,0.00005076441,0.00003428047,0.0000374731,0.97643,0.02301181,0.0002975256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009503033,0.00001153177,0.000001642311,0.0001085987,0.0000207405,0.00003149067,0.00004354219,0.02353426,9.665782e-7,0.2657979,0.7099931,0.0003612625],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[2.180562e-8,0.0001438522,0.5632486,0.0001927173,0.0002728269,0.0005642956,0.00004176353,0.0009757637,0.4345602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0141352,0.00009015762,0.002248197,0.00007607474,0.0005175579,0.0002950692,0.0003184833,0.0001467869,0.9821725],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7106321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388642351","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_5","title":"From Value Networks to Causal Loop Diagrams: Strategic Preparation for Designing Systemic Interventions in Organizations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Causal loop diagram; Interdependence; Value (mathematics); Loop (graph theory); Intervention (counseling); Computer science; Knowledge management; Psychological intervention; Management science; Process management; Engineering; Psychology; System dynamics; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4911827539727501,"gpt":0.4253230588732485,"spread":0.06585969509950157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004511017,0.0007583398,0.00184519,0.002265944,0.0007197483,0.002607966,0.001346066,0.0006041876,0.0002539159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001351279,0.0007105069,0.000577226,0.001434183,0.00008707263,0.0002951328,0.0004113981,0.0004448054,0.0005847297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001955504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002984497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000631191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002710829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908934,0.0004796154,0.004041273,0.001830512,0.002018875,0.0007363381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9884712,0.007088297,0.001730915,0.001450814,0.0009150238,0.0003437568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005950389,0.00002084336,0.000100087,0.0001325569,0.0001360109,0.00002882684,0.001018397,0.2096178,0.00007401313,0.7637351,0.02503281,0.00004414321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094496,0.0002759319,0.00004149841,0.008530106,0.0001387114,0.00004906832,0.01237234,0.4642077,6.344467e-7,0.5091308,0.003228208,0.001079954],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000204405,0.001075889,0.9625122,0.00007056774,0.005114303,0.004016288,0.0005389629,0.0003596821,0.0261077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8561457,0.00001049309,0.0009348221,0.00003443534,0.001355675,0.0002302859,0.0003561599,0.0002460329,0.1406864],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9615774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2613175219","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-55774-8_13","title":"Afterword: Moving Forward in Healthcare Systems in the Twenty-First Century","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Salient; Multidisciplinary approach; Systems thinking; Health care; Healthcare system; Management science; Epistemology; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology; Political science; Social science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4818015300783637,"gpt":0.3977199706003,"spread":0.08408155947806378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02164852,0.0008133639,0.00323852,0.001641381,0.0008405681,0.001049061,0.001537184,0.0008299977,0.0001189389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006870389,0.0008960649,0.0003563597,0.00010976,0.0002064123,0.0005214734,0.0001916226,0.001118656,0.000925994],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009051519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002891903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02005463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01107044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.988776,0.0006122649,0.007559477,0.001428901,0.0004602746,0.001163098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892874,0.001813088,0.006475099,0.002082275,0.00007339733,0.0002687227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002127343,0.00003337538,0.008460901,0.003646502,0.00009649563,0.00003698414,0.003658287,0.0006664543,6.655003e-8,0.9646694,0.0187015,0.000008739867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002150378,0.0001573442,0.002579913,0.00899088,0.00002841458,0.0000963283,0.01505993,0.01688547,9.900547e-9,0.0872233,0.8650106,0.00181741],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000787373,0.1026751,0.01005746,0.06570125,0.01951472,0.01637118,0.003773508,0.0003552434,0.7807642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.968123,0.001454621,0.00006939632,0.002245472,0.001673587,0.0004010524,0.0002954202,0.0002521275,0.02548528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9673357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625289","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_20","title":"Conclusion and a Way Forward for Managing Complex Tasks","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Mindset; Systems thinking; Humanity; Parallel thinking; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Critical systems thinking; Psychology; Engineering; Critical thinking; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4763933800549527,"gpt":0.403924270709931,"spread":0.07246910934502171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005701303,0.001034624,0.002559819,0.002117442,0.001765057,0.00254295,0.001493494,0.0005854872,0.000507086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007623979,0.0008664116,0.0007431419,0.0004014074,0.0003953195,0.0002809388,0.001388563,0.0004745662,0.0006847846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009277161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001148383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001188267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002409039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.989989,0.0002098234,0.003057186,0.00221074,0.003551996,0.0009812891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9873791,0.007754769,0.001973984,0.001749995,0.0006574957,0.0004846801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007758535,0.000006020476,0.00002130537,0.0002104618,0.0001342347,0.00004365253,0.0003855633,0.0001768203,0.00006888143,0.7872639,0.2105331,0.001078497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009109233,0.000135567,0.00003229487,0.0008779439,0.00006762179,0.0001070944,0.002569992,0.07121384,1.809463e-7,0.4931303,0.430227,0.0007272569],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001783542,0.001619296,0.4849207,0.0005382902,0.004253628,0.003139968,0.0009838637,0.0005467476,0.5039796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3483472,0.00005359681,0.001100261,0.0002211542,0.001318108,0.00008635461,0.0001672856,0.0003820954,0.648324],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4838205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387465871","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_9","title":"Probabilistic Cellular Automata","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Probabilistic automaton; Stochastic cellular automaton; Markov chain; Computer science; Probabilistic CTL; Markov process; Cellular automaton; Quantum finite automata; Mathematics; Theoretical computer science; Automaton; Algorithm; Probabilistic analysis of algorithms; Automata theory; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1694986793005417,"gpt":0.2628430213090664,"spread":0.09334434200852476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004500635,0.0005264448,0.0006620277,0.0004202294,0.0004531925,0.0007849067,0.001821019,0.0003228391,0.00006110071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001821869,0.0005423598,0.0002406174,0.0002174767,0.0001491745,0.0001719784,0.0006137972,0.0003543032,0.002159192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008443763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001656115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003551809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001439023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968895,0.00004444151,0.0007245106,0.001033464,0.0007974186,0.0005106734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969299,0.000287731,0.0004346333,0.002058778,0.0000817499,0.0002072383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[7.943531e-7,0.00001235109,4.022702e-7,0.0002519017,0.00007212457,0.00006024048,0.0001113809,0.0001568154,0.0001321724,0.9756085,0.02350725,0.00008604998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003197899,0.00005540681,0.000003348897,0.0005698706,0.00006463243,0.00007230099,0.00007034135,0.3197578,0.000005279223,0.397944,0.2802277,0.0009094885],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001013268,0.0001785974,0.5696959,0.0002691781,0.001085889,0.0008451128,0.00006868597,0.002119756,0.4257359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0839095,0.00005738133,0.001840728,0.00006792264,0.0006016181,0.0001245393,0.0005077031,0.0002795559,0.9126111],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5776645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625089","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_16","title":"Understanding the Dynamics of the Logistics of N95 Mask with Systems Thinking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Production (economics); Business; Process management; Supply chain management; Process (computing); Computer science; Operations management; Marketing; Engineering; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3134777782904032,"gpt":0.2953920073146844,"spread":0.01808577097571878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001336772,0.0004119946,0.001054702,0.0002863076,0.00042792,0.00008248943,0.0004453266,0.0006927198,0.00001895615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006322272,0.0002110919,0.0002689402,0.0002743948,0.002539504,0.00002803121,0.000180788,0.0009115195,0.000003451852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001893303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003564766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002365784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002573156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962372,0.0001074664,0.001046307,0.000381922,0.001895463,0.0003316248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964345,0.0009665393,0.001402689,0.0008639591,0.0002267452,0.0001056436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006530255,0.00001356991,0.00008890036,0.003208074,0.0006065056,0.00001522244,0.000680062,0.003115755,0.00002958194,0.9914951,0.0006752692,0.000006672443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002544395,0.0008023943,0.0001211827,0.04035638,0.002336887,0.0003945329,0.03765325,0.4465815,0.000003437032,0.464466,0.003808445,0.0009316105],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000119835,0.0008663045,0.799603,0.004368109,0.003255198,0.002446032,0.0003024715,0.000157589,0.1889893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9274209,0.0001377576,0.00004623877,0.00003655572,0.0003033622,0.000006031357,0.0001304729,0.0001327153,0.07178593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9274089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9356908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466018","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_1","title":"Deterministic Cellular Automata ","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Cellular automaton; Computer science; Theoretical computer science; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1858291687916469,"gpt":0.2703024116692911,"spread":0.08447324287764421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003706687,0.0005261964,0.0006656131,0.0004647879,0.0004828873,0.0008231258,0.001853128,0.0003240147,0.00005773388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001313947,0.0005572053,0.0002475655,0.0001830276,0.0001359906,0.0001559851,0.0006158263,0.0003329739,0.002532795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006321614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001471247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002588668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001091109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970167,0.00004027361,0.0007199545,0.0009678473,0.0007464219,0.0005088125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969774,0.0003059335,0.0004492628,0.001989058,0.00006187734,0.0002164293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[7.993465e-7,0.000008946782,5.658904e-7,0.0001709852,0.00006834636,0.0001292227,0.0001008286,0.00004749841,0.0002102813,0.9822349,0.01686635,0.0001613124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000408539,0.00007601703,0.000005018912,0.0006477178,0.00008601892,0.0001423439,0.00009074887,0.4017271,0.00001021983,0.2292179,0.3664416,0.001146797],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[8.949092e-7,0.0001425313,0.6044914,0.0001530418,0.001173506,0.0005126145,0.00006924065,0.001716405,0.3917404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1582121,0.00006498782,0.001866455,0.00008068267,0.0005945947,0.00007662334,0.0004026478,0.0002665003,0.8384354],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.753017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625285","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40635-5_17","title":"Improving Healthcare Policy Decisions with Systems Thinking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Learning environment; Health care; Action (physics); Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Action learning; Medicine; Psychology; Medical education; Knowledge management; Computer science; Pedagogy; Political science; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Family medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4580051793221441,"gpt":0.4010681277406009,"spread":0.05693705158154316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008162124,0.001635214,0.00358023,0.005575735,0.002724599,0.006835201,0.003608667,0.001037924,0.0001898461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002337639,0.00120276,0.0008206731,0.001762965,0.000418313,0.0005484009,0.001383545,0.001427127,0.002175392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003794387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001427504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003980844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001471848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9793395,0.000604449,0.004826166,0.003131738,0.01039016,0.001707944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9783499,0.01068873,0.004282226,0.004100664,0.001609171,0.0009692667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007945348,0.00001160679,0.00007521524,0.0002006626,0.0001940297,0.000324173,0.000644178,0.003549992,0.00001191507,0.9527439,0.04155302,0.0006117967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001496831,0.0005031311,0.00005776345,0.009232921,0.0001375456,0.001217227,0.015457,0.05399104,1.906837e-7,0.6366841,0.2786804,0.002541796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000191853,0.004718195,0.4728591,0.0008644113,0.008836951,0.003577989,0.0007726769,0.001555599,0.5067959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4141377,0.00004897341,0.000537732,0.00016943,0.003199733,0.00007704441,0.00007074697,0.000605815,0.5811528],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4723214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466380","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_2","title":"Deterministic Initial Value Problem","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Emulation; Initial value problem; Cellular automaton; Mathematics; Automaton; Representation (politics); Value (mathematics); Polynomial; Computer science; Algorithm; Applied mathematics; Discrete mathematics; Theoretical computer science; Mathematical analysis; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.193256664192143,"gpt":0.2982553551410818,"spread":0.1049986909489388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003282749,0.0004368429,0.000559654,0.0003863007,0.0004416213,0.0007257791,0.00130147,0.0002750149,0.00003576794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009400314,0.0004576665,0.0001993698,0.000155938,0.0001273972,0.0001412617,0.0004619726,0.0003220579,0.001221441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005791463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001759394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000355981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001385936,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997418,0.0000430924,0.0006673419,0.0008057302,0.0006283208,0.0004374491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979218,0.0003029177,0.0003986924,0.001141903,0.00006115295,0.000173589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001080088,0.000007351084,4.94645e-7,0.0001759235,0.0000597398,0.00007851759,0.0001550332,0.0001090981,0.00004232328,0.9914261,0.00777658,0.0001677707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004025365,0.0001029662,0.000004261314,0.0008568677,0.00007772032,0.0002467936,0.00009692435,0.2012883,0.00000383213,0.5869163,0.2089684,0.001034976],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[4.49632e-7,0.00006505397,0.5383677,0.0001224686,0.0007648169,0.0005578646,0.00005468884,0.0008915308,0.4591755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2399193,0.00005115087,0.006176856,0.0001659618,0.001262601,0.0001803738,0.0004441795,0.0003530116,0.7514466],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5321908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466011","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_12","title":"Beyond Solvable Elementary Rules","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; RADIUS; Elementary proof; Chaotic; Pure mathematics; Equicontinuity; Discrete mathematics; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1285416062151632,"gpt":0.2664811707524924,"spread":0.1379395645373292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003409011,0.0004143197,0.0005165068,0.0003762859,0.000500755,0.0006278704,0.001304818,0.0002061591,0.0001358083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002729815,0.0004352845,0.0001961594,0.0001213444,0.00009525853,0.0002003441,0.0003834593,0.0002736691,0.001847949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006659993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009097044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007776498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003999128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975137,0.00002657322,0.0005891738,0.0007737115,0.0006362395,0.000460646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980503,0.0001840765,0.000337655,0.001221848,0.00005115803,0.0001550005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[7.580222e-7,0.000007627027,0.00000193387,0.0001040525,0.00009637491,0.00002836344,0.0001313164,0.00004120488,0.00009251758,0.926762,0.07262555,0.0001083011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002726325,0.00004296579,0.000004406327,0.0003089717,0.00004748267,0.00005242305,0.000187274,0.04874831,0.000006097131,0.5550497,0.3945882,0.0006915264],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000180084,0.0003052427,0.4684001,0.0002927759,0.0009547519,0.0005091343,0.0001285493,0.0009108005,0.5284969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01519786,0.000199547,0.005876269,0.0002212216,0.0007524243,0.00008823657,0.00107316,0.0002236506,0.9763677],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4625238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466187","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_8","title":"Probabilistic Solutions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Surjective function; Probabilistic automaton; Mathematics; Order (exchange); Discrete mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2696930257221989,"gpt":0.2732391795903897,"spread":0.003546153868190793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003243908,0.0003407524,0.0004258185,0.000326126,0.0005997892,0.0005220424,0.00108345,0.0002146735,0.000031514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001398907,0.0003552115,0.0001828414,0.0001343458,0.0001359719,0.00009590085,0.0004532235,0.0002637559,0.001192843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007427204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000149074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002869408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003303085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978528,0.00002913244,0.0005021422,0.0006863899,0.0004940617,0.0004354723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980242,0.0002347426,0.000276747,0.001247263,0.00007087693,0.0001462179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[3.55452e-7,0.000006065867,2.108471e-7,0.0001051963,0.00005015426,0.00001492577,0.00009220569,0.0001576513,0.00003129696,0.9781201,0.02135246,0.00006933182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001657092,0.00003226909,0.000003984455,0.0003610986,0.0000449129,0.00007293278,0.00007028325,0.1585986,4.724955e-7,0.6063372,0.2337312,0.0005813598],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[1.808935e-7,0.0001056048,0.528906,0.0002253104,0.0006823436,0.0005112144,0.00005057546,0.00105201,0.4684667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06414708,0.00002443978,0.001084037,0.00004596492,0.0003893855,0.0001063986,0.000199268,0.0001376071,0.9338658],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.527822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466025","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_11","title":"Approximate Methods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Markov chain; Convergence (economics); Mathematics; Probabilistic logic; Extension (predicate logic); Applied mathematics; Entropy (arrow of time); Computer science; Statistics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2738703334531478,"gpt":0.344142137356076,"spread":0.0702718039029282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007765748,0.0004188374,0.0006088228,0.0004044275,0.0003815196,0.0006487785,0.001408936,0.0002716946,0.00004767657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001150258,0.0004222661,0.0002254067,0.0001882077,0.0001006329,0.0001439101,0.0005321883,0.000314146,0.0007885876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005323251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000839614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000233041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004928499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976255,0.0000746142,0.0005828634,0.0008176876,0.0004843634,0.0004149369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975666,0.0003583791,0.0003846546,0.00147344,0.00005814097,0.0001587204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[5.500978e-7,0.000004843497,2.844332e-7,0.0001299372,0.0000762018,0.00001726315,0.0001279879,0.00004771878,0.0001703882,0.9852871,0.01364755,0.000490196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001678667,0.00002391096,0.000001415919,0.0002672325,0.00003677521,0.00006940698,0.00009077591,0.2320893,0.000008886558,0.4236378,0.3429985,0.0006080698],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[4.249218e-8,0.0001846053,0.5915778,0.0001469498,0.0007766296,0.000380522,0.00002379567,0.001053267,0.4058564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003293983,0.00008720214,0.0647585,0.00008197127,0.0004334868,0.00008837324,0.0001991115,0.0002158254,0.9308416],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5616493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387465743","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_5","title":"Exploiting Rule Identities ","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Cellular Automata and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Emulation; Generalization; Decomposition; Cellular automaton; Computer science; Product (mathematics); Theoretical computer science; Automaton; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Social psychology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2216484556914019,"gpt":0.2738387354589853,"spread":0.05219027976758345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003255023,0.0003556745,0.0004723129,0.0004016216,0.0005160756,0.001005091,0.001158555,0.0001904261,0.00006062265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009763283,0.0003890136,0.0001962561,0.0001323603,0.00009455923,0.0002650206,0.0004889639,0.000255332,0.001429648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005341306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007494682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003501939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001034378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977727,0.00002609263,0.0005552128,0.0006479296,0.0006110824,0.0003869771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982414,0.0002219816,0.0003637296,0.0009923202,0.00006122077,0.0001193144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[3.275606e-7,0.000003393497,0.00000206441,0.0001275208,0.00005632871,0.00003375655,0.0002301869,0.00004429285,0.00007576943,0.9814199,0.01793417,0.00007233465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000295441,0.00003201807,0.000009531564,0.0009628852,0.00005064438,0.0001423646,0.0009500914,0.06346752,0.00001073764,0.8164302,0.1165952,0.001053425],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002276024,0.000199263,0.5223277,0.000108893,0.0009286557,0.0002914854,0.00003521621,0.001145106,0.4749614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05870095,0.00008835797,0.001169606,0.00005242208,0.0005661978,0.00005724198,0.0001723997,0.0001508439,0.939042],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.521158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387466535","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38700-5_6","title":"Rules with Additive Invariants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Algorithms and Data Compression","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Finite-state machine; Representation (politics); Mathematics; Order (exchange); State (computer science); Discrete mathematics; Pure mathematics; Algebra over a field; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1508961060205297,"gpt":0.2572988326939254,"spread":0.1064027266733957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002889931,0.0005373731,0.0006839533,0.0004201927,0.000446884,0.0007676089,0.001319295,0.0002727271,0.00008311697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001125551,0.000432295,0.0001073608,0.0001227503,0.000144492,0.0004423839,0.0006973339,0.000397868,0.0007551521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005540072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001710582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007922631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003218433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971455,0.00005160468,0.0004705541,0.00095131,0.0009106841,0.0004703769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977359,0.0003146896,0.0004722682,0.001161556,0.0001152859,0.0002002689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009270632,0.000006775393,0.000001382061,0.00006912027,0.0001326361,0.0002175734,0.0001857972,0.0000359984,0.00000334873,0.9615554,0.03750584,0.0002768284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001656561,0.0005987617,0.00005093653,0.007030073,0.000117015,0.000468922,0.0007507694,0.1522535,0.000003497733,0.3355674,0.4988294,0.00267311],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[4.353018e-7,0.0001103513,0.6204407,0.00009447256,0.001030633,0.0004093747,0.0004325871,0.000593958,0.3768874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01811584,0.000362044,0.02813952,0.0003508954,0.002166172,0.00009623221,0.002200639,0.0005671475,0.9480015],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.625988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912423745","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-10892-2_3","title":"Coupled Crystal Oscillator System and Timing Device","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Reduction (mathematics); Scaling; Phase (matter); Symmetry (geometry); Statistical physics; Limit (mathematics); Physics; Stability (learning theory); Mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Quantum mechanics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1001745332661584,"gpt":0.2519294172567065,"spread":0.1517548839905481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004658811,0.0004423919,0.0006533469,0.0003337081,0.00030358,0.0008378603,0.0005793307,0.0002899559,0.00001316275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004048813,0.0004351317,0.0001145022,0.00006457385,0.00005463293,0.0003234893,0.000322598,0.0002792873,0.0001487129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001046979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000703429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002633301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977626,0.00003991521,0.0006328693,0.0006126052,0.0005952616,0.0003567981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983064,0.0001586176,0.0005737424,0.0007060904,0.0001027408,0.0001524204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000407021,0.000002781049,0.00003834517,0.001105092,0.0000811125,0.00001522994,0.00023773,0.0002270422,0.00005889995,0.9977868,0.0004014925,0.00004140169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004095539,0.00006774025,0.00001238074,0.001512935,0.00003639231,0.0002545028,0.000280323,0.972426,3.43233e-7,0.001699616,0.02271914,0.0005810657],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001162369,0.0004636974,0.7504311,0.00005873255,0.001858328,0.0007296276,0.00007200877,0.0003300937,0.2459401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9436684,0.00003383815,0.002310468,0.00008063671,0.0004346234,0.000005979632,0.0001361658,0.0001116575,0.05321819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9960872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388879283","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45229-1_11","title":"Conclusions and a Way Forward","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Supply chain management; Field (mathematics); Face (sociological concept); Relation (database); Phenomenon; Process management; Management science; Computer science; Knowledge management; Engineering; Business; Engineering ethics; Marketing; Sociology; Epistemology; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1232077597060927,"gpt":0.254967134266916,"spread":0.1317593745608233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004364299,0.0004838797,0.0006480426,0.0008355046,0.0007121598,0.0007934977,0.0003538291,0.0002378412,0.0003344544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000276574,0.0004301262,0.0001618819,0.000146553,0.0002070188,0.0003009735,0.0007305594,0.000258694,0.001029915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002869423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001979315,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004370933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001917371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977663,0.000007180036,0.000514956,0.000638043,0.0006117441,0.0004617747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988798,0.0001515169,0.0004205505,0.0004345825,0.00007613452,0.00003740726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008901476,0.000005325974,0.0001073684,0.0006184062,0.0001171814,0.00006509181,0.0000530754,0.0000730708,0.000005168789,0.8982164,0.1005896,0.0001404683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004992117,0.00001953732,0.00005178916,0.0009306987,0.0002081509,0.00000907425,0.003103977,0.01091871,6.159983e-8,0.1431365,0.8404174,0.000704941],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003450747,0.0004319093,0.005519121,0.0008481962,0.00212329,0.001163026,0.00003067335,0.0006435573,0.9892057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.260771,0.0003635109,0.0000306043,0.0008136308,0.002987251,0.00004592843,0.000265182,0.0002654485,0.7344574],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7550799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312575377","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-07333-5_3","title":"Characteristics and Capabilities of a Successful Supplier: A Conceptual Model","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Understanding complex systems","topic":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Automotive industry; Business; Conceptual model; Conceptual framework; Industrial organization; Supply chain management; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Critical success factor; Knowledge management; Process management; Marketing; Engineering; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07642906105415591,"gpt":0.2262213240983358,"spread":0.1497922630441799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005240941,0.0004966276,0.000963192,0.0005961771,0.0004004884,0.0003556915,0.0003595121,0.0001609376,0.0008769771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002554208,0.0005225023,0.0001626975,0.00007263189,0.000454466,0.0002663825,0.0005526863,0.00032886,0.00001674488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004018925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000427563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005403311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004060183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975955,0.00001596548,0.0007842125,0.000560254,0.0006743615,0.0003696345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984643,0.0001433444,0.0008047186,0.0004613386,0.00009841961,0.00002783615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003559653,0.00001664149,0.0007915025,0.002016566,0.0001425074,0.0000138099,0.0005632049,0.001501524,0.000008122921,0.9852845,0.009602273,0.00002373645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001313539,0.00007390844,0.00005108423,0.000876528,0.0006043707,0.00001511251,0.01607586,0.2656772,1.960898e-7,0.1020549,0.6116983,0.00155895],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009904011,0.0005637541,0.01837457,0.0004826194,0.001240471,0.001435516,0.0004531415,0.0003135134,0.976146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9274586,0.00005073855,0.00004279601,0.0001821106,0.0005923547,0.00002990555,0.0003661109,0.0001194578,0.07115788],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9264683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}