{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":645,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":4,"predictions_cover":645,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"b0d97c01f43f","filters":{"venue":"Water Science & Technology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2483561765","doi":"10.2166/wst.2016.336","title":"Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":988,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Standardization; Blank; Biogas; Test (biology); Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Process engineering; Statistics; Operations research; Environmental science; Mathematics; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00534817617648202,"gpt":0.2133450046926803,"spread":0.2079968285161983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002063165,0.00005643055,0.00007359635,0.0006926269,0.00003802199,0.000008461535,0.0002007143,0.00006636654,0.00004062304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003613225,0.00003110559,0.00001403854,0.0008484227,0.0005640902,0.00018313,0.00005319604,0.00002966935,0.00003027179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005376044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002140548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002205789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001021401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993897,0.000003164678,0.0001131553,0.0001490988,0.0001497176,0.0001951659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996775,0.00000103622,0.00001448878,0.0001781993,0.0001044967,0.00002427543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000171781,0.000005612948,0.0001001447,0.000001811258,0.000001673172,7.635069e-7,0.0000256831,0.0001690881,0.960178,0.004214593,0.00003143866,0.0352695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001130491,0.00005351276,0.0002902226,0.000009184461,0.000002585315,0.0000140001,0.00001573342,0.00006616829,0.9912743,0.00183746,0.006267825,0.00005599065],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.684821,0.00003569432,0.3106757,0.002627783,0.0006078565,0.00008158829,0.000004863458,0.0005582167,0.0005873214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980778,0.00002877933,0.001768664,0.000004206502,0.00001848591,0.000003461922,7.580203e-7,0.000004652666,0.00009326574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3132567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2078414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803408917","doi":"10.2166/wst.2002.0060","title":"From municipal sewage to drinking water: fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment in urban areas","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":393,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Surface water; Sewage; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Aquatic environment; Filtration (mathematics); Aquatic ecosystem; Groundwater; Water pollution; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02906863669822721,"gpt":0.2738060065157006,"spread":0.2447373698174734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007004008,0.0001746345,0.0002064091,0.0002492309,0.0001167239,0.00003158032,0.0008679976,0.00008806454,0.0005391274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002790934,0.00009838451,0.00002246069,0.0004641156,0.002188358,0.0002482859,0.00107633,0.000290361,0.0003622733],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001519886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001646716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004867477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001278206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978706,0.00007522176,0.0003171823,0.000534306,0.0004420666,0.0007606507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994115,0.00003411539,0.0000270129,0.0003967497,8.88414e-7,0.000129737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001338493,0.0002276439,0.1075874,0.000003040044,0.00000227826,0.0001954274,0.01114502,0.0002899986,0.8720942,0.00005500731,0.00001038143,0.008376198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006365251,0.0001652871,0.02933425,0.00004447316,0.00001386561,0.00009561228,0.00114108,0.00729291,0.9523693,0.003277926,0.005352149,0.0002766068],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919263,0.00008407979,0.00003688063,0.005971229,0.00003596012,0.0002647465,0.000001627993,0.00002170936,0.001657478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985762,0.00009151944,0.0006927626,0.0005285509,0.00001000036,0.000008168576,0.000001138526,0.000007905731,0.00008372941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08027507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8063095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147891795","doi":"10.2166/wst.2003.0146","title":"A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":378,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Alberta","funders":"Government of Ontario","keywords":"Waterborne diseases; Outbreak; Tragedy (event); Government (linguistics); Environmental health; Water source; Geography; Environmental planning; Water resource management; Environmental science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0217805873981773,"gpt":0.2592817469302123,"spread":0.237501159532035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00218419,0.000252335,0.0002857132,0.0005308437,0.0001951351,0.00007863058,0.001172018,0.00009073534,0.0005245797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005976839,0.0001293872,0.0000287509,0.00190559,0.001653673,0.0004481971,0.0002807481,0.0004564008,0.000403839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006194752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000790858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01314804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2318359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971163,0.0001926335,0.0004968853,0.0007605884,0.0004984968,0.0009351152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991266,0.00002811381,0.00006858238,0.000638207,0.00001808949,0.0001204751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000452273,0.000217655,0.984796,0.000004288651,0.000001741432,0.00005030229,0.005959607,0.0002494359,0.006124916,0.001476572,0.00004509882,0.001029188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001603646,0.0002046263,0.7773261,0.00005672037,0.00001313591,0.00003591823,0.001058504,0.0006322234,0.1460414,0.007687204,0.06459499,0.0007455497],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899715,0.00001042076,0.0005662049,0.004674433,0.00007629531,0.0004495441,0.000001537582,0.00007218554,0.004177927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965009,7.447533e-7,0.0009093193,0.0009249941,0.000003427893,0.0001026653,0.000004121096,0.00001236189,0.001541449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2186879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2248091142","doi":"10.2166/wst.2005.0494","title":"Fundamentals of the fermentative production of hydrogen","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Fermentation; Fermentative hydrogen production; Hydrogenase; Hydrogen; Thermophile; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Sugar; Biochemical engineering; Mesophile; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Biohydrogen; Organic chemistry; Bacteria; Biology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007400328690099878,"gpt":0.216723549034513,"spread":0.2093232203444131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000152729,0.00004599387,0.00006166043,0.0002032133,0.00005292723,0.000003046093,0.0002254644,0.00003246484,0.00001816746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001123074,0.00002695984,0.00001649647,0.0005901628,0.0007759214,0.0001441173,0.00005895422,0.00004993434,0.00001207769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005617563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001048776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002643728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000327541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995174,0.000004262319,0.0001219958,0.0001171198,0.0001143916,0.000124821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997299,6.673175e-7,0.00002568322,0.0001906536,0.00004347253,0.000009576602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[9.659108e-7,0.00001465393,0.000643682,0.000002497129,0.000002753671,2.922721e-8,0.000365785,0.001937083,0.9902079,0.002257359,0.00004160446,0.004525671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003986642,0.00002284216,0.0004227341,0.000006236492,0.000003150567,0.000007286656,0.0002183522,0.00008249738,0.9954592,0.0004066327,0.003298975,0.00003221876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967521,0.00002893444,0.0001024786,0.002114972,0.0002875234,0.0001092343,5.809202e-7,0.00008986349,0.000514303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993398,0.00001086853,0.0003824494,0.000009866412,0.00001657578,0.000005475484,3.558141e-7,0.000002911027,0.0002317111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005251292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2858915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161007207","doi":"10.2166/wst.2013.251","title":"Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Environmental science; Drainage; Climatology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Ecology; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02773997645357129,"gpt":0.2836263615477433,"spread":0.2558863850941721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001416475,0.0004319028,0.001692103,0.0008429721,0.0002455177,0.0000386257,0.001302132,0.0004571032,0.0003421898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001042522,0.0002480598,0.0001818527,0.001915589,0.002965493,0.0003567534,0.001158337,0.0003736247,0.001052481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001574721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002579539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001364834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001889201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969946,0.0001277395,0.0006721895,0.0009278567,0.0003782036,0.0008994616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983886,0.00003744973,0.0003970026,0.001013431,0.0000213013,0.0001421847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002437828,0.00009317837,0.0008078385,0.01791589,0.0000530409,0.00005579434,0.0003756233,0.000001026829,0.0001335798,0.001886272,0.0006168621,0.9780585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008166067,0.0002288893,0.00001191034,0.01232959,0.0004435229,0.0001372589,0.00001954393,0.00004481512,0.00005882011,0.0002710778,0.9859408,0.0004320693],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004070802,0.9934938,0.000005837463,0.0004388996,0.0001079804,0.001194624,0.00001030035,0.00009557125,0.004245942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004770389,0.9944002,0.00007438722,0.0002067344,0.00002372045,0.0003543451,0.000007640344,0.00002003612,0.0001425431],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.985324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053059515","doi":"10.2166/wst.2007.604","title":"Benchmark simulation model no 2: general protocol and exploratory case studies","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Clarifier; Benchmark (surveying); Benchmarking; Activated sludge model; Activated sludge; Control (management); Protocol (science); Engineering; Sewage treatment; Implementation; Computer science; Systems engineering; Process engineering; Operations research; Waste management; Software engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02298321205269008,"gpt":0.2988750348803367,"spread":0.2758918228276466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000601022,0.0001577566,0.0001338396,0.0002623033,0.0004410744,0.00003216781,0.0002370799,0.0000874771,0.00004897774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002135707,0.0001012758,0.00001978937,0.0004749373,0.001715912,0.0005218575,0.0005840595,0.00009061435,0.0001602548],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001743205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001106401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001390588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003644793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985225,0.00001059623,0.000198639,0.0004813014,0.0002456985,0.0005413311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995523,0.00001000689,0.0000394484,0.0002774127,0.00003392743,0.0000868789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007497708,0.0001457406,0.02133267,0.00001589955,0.00001634809,0.001384935,0.003261809,0.01806708,0.9435471,0.0002538371,0.00009075077,0.01180884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007438704,0.0003050068,0.0001696797,0.000007655652,0.00001604271,0.0007010505,0.0005633524,0.08605985,0.904149,0.005413833,0.001527333,0.0003433494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927961,0.000007789718,0.0008402817,0.0001037412,0.00005491003,0.005563684,7.507311e-7,0.0001195664,0.0005132304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809928,0.000001005766,0.01639196,0.00005610276,0.00001985379,0.002159309,6.142046e-7,0.000007973262,0.0003704135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06799277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6322351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1490380672","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0322","title":"Relevance of the sludge retention time (SRT) as design criteria for wastewater treatment plants for the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals from wastewater","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission; Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Effluent; Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Activated sludge; Nitrification; Environmental science; Pollutant; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03754268176412895,"gpt":0.3090574436318275,"spread":0.2715147618676986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003381242,0.0001778944,0.0002168819,0.00005786394,0.0002568267,0.00002144745,0.0005580259,0.00006778811,0.0001330703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007212153,0.00007966678,0.00007250557,0.0001740554,0.002696309,0.0002157713,0.0004001436,0.00007234621,0.00003252818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001338349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001301483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006071716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985065,0.00002867815,0.0002890895,0.0004233634,0.0002427142,0.0005096071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993438,0.0001126111,0.00008508423,0.0003692892,0.000008073062,0.00008116184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001134584,0.000101791,0.0003420351,0.000007808465,0.00001307931,0.000003413695,0.0002918251,0.0001995079,0.9951905,0.00007624878,0.0000149838,0.00364533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001043401,0.000416754,0.0005202726,0.0000297434,0.00005607106,0.00007046202,0.00007834539,0.001253416,0.9848723,0.008059693,0.00348652,0.0001130001],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935991,0.0001012955,0.0008478611,0.004179633,0.0001520124,0.0009740673,0.00005258686,0.0000234435,0.00007003151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952891,0.00009815797,0.004059807,0.0001122628,0.00001515153,0.00003381784,0.000003651445,0.00001157014,0.000376468],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0103182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W67309738","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0792","title":"Municipal wastewater sludge dewaterability and the presence of microbial extracellular polymer","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":210,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"D-Wave Systems (Canada)","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Dewatering; Flocculation; Sewage sludge; Extracellular polymeric substance; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Waste management; Sewage treatment; Specific resistance; Activated sludge; Wastewater; Materials science; Engineering; Bacteria; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02000090633415637,"gpt":0.2949146577380684,"spread":0.2749137514039121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001552754,0.0001228727,0.0004127988,0.0003840734,0.0002332878,0.00001787412,0.0005329943,0.000159572,0.0001492017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001870898,0.00005809087,0.00004440924,0.0005732338,0.01067084,0.000110506,0.0005106167,0.000290208,0.00002838076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004032024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001000126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002374092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002086699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983327,0.00007640258,0.0003117743,0.0003873519,0.0002861156,0.0006056763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989362,0.00007159349,0.00004505831,0.0007185318,0.0001360642,0.00009248897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003296401,0.00008328049,0.08292483,0.00001937301,0.00001400019,0.0000371138,0.002060217,3.78966e-7,0.9127977,0.001050699,0.00000962628,0.0006731465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002075898,0.0003101517,0.003097598,0.00002725922,0.0000585719,0.0006859392,0.0005127791,0.0007061752,0.9892814,0.001719882,0.001435441,0.00008889005],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880502,0.0004806678,0.00009792686,0.00993957,0.00007198389,0.0004407022,0.000001217979,0.0000451816,0.0008725073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966864,0.00009394456,0.0005991352,0.0000639299,0.00002217925,0.00003512941,0.000001188111,0.00000651292,0.002491575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07982723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9920216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963911623","doi":"10.2166/wst.2010.044","title":"Benchmark Simulation Model No 2: finalisation of plant layout and default control strategy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":205,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmarking; Benchmark (surveying); Control (management); Task (project management); Process (computing); Engineering; Reliability engineering; Computer science; Simulation; Systems engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008224758848596815,"gpt":0.21947770607437,"spread":0.2112529472257732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002632513,0.0001073459,0.000121592,0.0001707487,0.0001517015,0.00002522214,0.0002775617,0.0001135734,0.0001295409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002097387,0.00007153481,0.00001879134,0.0002430813,0.001127441,0.000325358,0.000137904,0.0001119115,0.00007227234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003025257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001514887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007977348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006208657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989892,0.000008467985,0.0001667487,0.0003119943,0.0002252535,0.0002983354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996247,0.00001132567,0.00005282302,0.0002347846,0.00002481599,0.00005154941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001874955,0.00003303582,0.01397554,0.000001922199,0.000002351425,0.000003184617,0.0001775619,0.0300607,0.954083,0.0003984867,0.000006406561,0.001239053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004926951,0.0001593342,0.002661019,0.000003097275,0.00001503462,0.00002492073,0.00004297957,0.5644933,0.4260599,0.00576437,0.0001528565,0.0001305577],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977244,0.000004350578,0.001116234,0.0001578683,0.00006413512,0.000169507,0.0000115055,0.00004739183,0.0007045671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960696,0.000001059732,0.003778393,0.00001857175,0.000008185854,0.00000868927,0.000006924894,0.000004539048,0.0001040762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5344326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4154102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114013741","doi":"10.2166/wst.2007.510","title":"Influence of macrophyte species on microbial density and activity in constructed wetlands","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Microcosm; Rhizosphere; Macrophyte; Phalaris arundinacea; Typha; Phragmites; Biology; Population; Botany; Metaproteomics; Biofilm; Aquatic plant; Agronomy; Wetland; Ecology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004166157187881075,"gpt":0.1992296839859916,"spread":0.1950635267981105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003758534,0.0001595912,0.0002127267,0.0005607433,0.000134262,0.00001836813,0.0003941779,0.0001151219,0.00004873607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003048505,0.0001150088,0.00001914484,0.001057945,0.004504929,0.0002116826,0.0005755582,0.000178899,0.0000327358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002180591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001797188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002498571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007927757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984538,0.00001354125,0.0002221398,0.0005019459,0.000254056,0.0005545307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994588,0.00001929673,0.00006647838,0.0003639356,0.00001884465,0.00007258685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003217973,0.00002746744,0.4342829,0.000001780435,0.000001182836,0.00002232513,0.0001436971,0.00008053538,0.5629659,0.00007612957,6.996374e-7,0.002365199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002924507,0.00009706379,0.3996755,0.000009315724,0.00000238932,0.00006437398,0.00004128904,0.00001762185,0.5992879,0.0003824377,0.00004706421,0.00008252116],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986663,0.000001696216,0.00005508166,0.0002234062,0.00005913734,0.0001732406,0.000003587493,0.00005377683,0.0007637469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999115,0.000004153386,0.000804778,0.00002278119,0.000004127702,0.000002990321,6.581308e-7,0.000005095818,0.00004042802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03632201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2330361633","doi":"10.2166/wst.2014.145","title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Health Canada","keywords":"Chemistry; Paraxanthine; Triclosan; Naproxen; Pharmacology; Triclocarban; Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products; Chromatography; Wastewater; Medicine; Biochemistry; Waste management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02044004899222262,"gpt":0.264219708958165,"spread":0.2437796599659424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002505026,0.0001643508,0.0002105004,0.0002034945,0.00008712961,0.000016104,0.0002806347,0.00007604774,0.0001500141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002873495,0.0000977466,0.00002050454,0.0004181118,0.002591584,0.0002013909,0.0003707974,0.0001081467,0.000086147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001921743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000114687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000725992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001338472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984383,0.00002620084,0.0001945032,0.0005123848,0.0002634698,0.0005651543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996051,0.00001173175,0.00003229348,0.000208661,0.00000431133,0.0001378648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001868129,0.0001120523,0.01677851,0.00001542068,0.000002065482,0.00003786005,0.001169723,0.000009664075,0.972569,0.00005498247,0.000001885783,0.009230109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000533799,0.0002537376,0.003184275,0.00001636813,0.00001074529,0.0002318195,0.0002330493,0.0009144777,0.9874502,0.0001154347,0.006915046,0.0001410927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964539,0.00006979271,0.000004006682,0.001966095,0.0000601026,0.0002061007,0.000007803251,0.00003378569,0.001198449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999009,0.00005252455,0.0007278461,0.00009452331,0.00001090712,0.000004854053,0.000002905448,0.000007138021,0.00009027655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0148811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9548798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047282638","doi":"10.2166/wst.2006.031","title":"Towards a benchmark simulation model for plant-wide control strategy performance evaluation of WWTPs","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmarking; Benchmark (surveying); Control (management); Process (computing); Engineering; Sewage treatment; Computer science; Systems engineering; Operations research; Reliability engineering; Simulation; Environmental engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01951081742522953,"gpt":0.2494775984356779,"spread":0.2299667810104483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008892395,0.0001376172,0.0001600413,0.0002474692,0.0002096896,0.00002352318,0.0003921051,0.0001034032,0.00007322836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002089526,0.00009567243,0.00004208078,0.0004129476,0.0006737238,0.0004202694,0.00009627079,0.00005521216,0.00003048714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002129319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005662109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007558429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000404928,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998325,0.00001676816,0.0002617217,0.000379311,0.0005712775,0.0004458687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995284,0.00001420099,0.0000825915,0.0002671184,0.00007466501,0.00003304065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003983252,0.0000688955,0.01419272,0.000003969527,0.000003931341,6.017598e-7,0.0001057048,0.777721,0.1998153,0.0001383527,0.00002431602,0.007885403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006684918,0.0001264951,0.002735751,0.000003546952,0.00003014158,0.000003616468,0.00001439917,0.6857881,0.3045417,0.005955503,0.00004388309,0.00008837727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877241,0.00001619636,0.01046577,0.0001699606,0.00006127561,0.0005833054,0.00001253168,0.00005804726,0.0009087732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958364,0.000001088026,0.003903234,0.00001685447,0.00001373508,0.00008047614,0.00002125267,0.000007148727,0.0001197736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1047264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3901408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045816714","doi":"10.2166/wst.2008.485","title":"Modelling nitrite in wastewater treatment systems: a discussion of different modelling concepts","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; EnviroSim (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrite; Wastewater; Nitrification; Denitrification; Biochemical engineering; Sewage treatment; Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Nitrate; Chemistry; Nitrogen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02318859880272841,"gpt":0.2312687174481457,"spread":0.2080801186454173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001840918,0.0002800715,0.000398255,0.0005817478,0.0002621699,0.00002195059,0.0005500461,0.0001399552,0.00005543789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000205817,0.0001333264,0.00007402627,0.0007454723,0.001462579,0.0003567713,0.0003588501,0.0001173887,0.0001102029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004754842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001986157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006289346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001873601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976488,0.00003854672,0.0004421901,0.0006563717,0.000441887,0.0007721971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992997,0.000008567302,0.00007915637,0.0004951033,0.00001560531,0.0001018352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000485286,0.0004060272,0.03868905,0.000009608458,0.0000102536,0.0001065596,0.004008132,0.5376887,0.4184857,0.0001179339,0.000003174897,0.0004263099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007294953,0.0002927379,0.00005458138,0.00003802173,0.00001218427,0.00008589888,0.0003889722,0.304564,0.6927264,0.0007306261,0.0001684049,0.0002086451],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996476,0.00007210019,0.002372485,0.0002379299,0.0001214567,0.0004050999,0.000002984343,0.00008651109,0.0002254354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996196,0.0000664302,0.002922545,0.000004458981,0.0000113598,0.00006053743,0.000004631663,0.00001534278,0.0007187495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2742407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5436894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126709780","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0025","title":"Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"University of Tulsa; American Water Works Association Research Foundation; Water Research Foundation","keywords":"Chloramination; Disinfectant; Chloramine; Legionella; Chlorine; Water quality; Biofilm; Water treatment; Microbiology; Environmental science; Nitrification; Environmental chemistry; Bacteria; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02628194691507031,"gpt":0.2613498033418465,"spread":0.2350678564267762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001605337,0.0001050199,0.0001234332,0.000337781,0.00009191558,0.0000169796,0.0002353651,0.000118212,0.00000409955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001132328,0.00006026107,0.00001979026,0.0001583498,0.00115997,0.000007868081,0.0002758452,0.00006420934,0.000002124718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005694378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007128497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001047321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001827078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990046,0.00001704651,0.0001509506,0.0003348392,0.000120889,0.0003716648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995888,0.000002438252,0.00002119317,0.0002879499,0.00004042373,0.00005912819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009120907,0.00002325196,0.02016523,0.000003679972,0.000003857311,0.00000972929,0.0004757392,0.00003681074,0.9776943,0.0008924077,5.704605e-7,0.0006852968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004657923,0.0003663808,0.002746394,0.00001448138,0.000004333827,0.00002662644,0.0002846114,0.00002828566,0.9911481,0.004632619,0.0001946493,0.00008774762],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975883,0.00005782053,0.0001590447,0.00195811,0.0000319144,0.0001290597,0.000001864377,0.00001114948,0.00006276517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994661,0.0001427459,0.0001848967,0.00003962874,0.00001244714,0.00002122567,0.00002367477,0.000006447473,0.0001028724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01741883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4273958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004236399","doi":"10.2166/wst.2008.022","title":"Effects of various process parameters on struvite precipitation kinetics and subsequent determination of rate constants","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Supersaturation; Struvite; Chemistry; Precipitation; Kinetics; Seeding; Reaction rate constant; Kinetic energy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Phosphorus; Mixing (physics); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006709377796469226,"gpt":0.2157526388957541,"spread":0.2090432610992849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002017226,0.00008440643,0.0001203247,0.0002346644,0.00008431592,0.000006367155,0.000257097,0.00004878504,0.000006119858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005395722,0.00006232021,0.00001168682,0.0005547327,0.001838811,0.0001536472,0.000150502,0.00005046684,0.000006333541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005752196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007197353,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001820863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004754824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990616,0.00001572501,0.0001748288,0.0002747151,0.0002535353,0.0002196321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996541,0.00002374517,0.0001006275,0.0001659018,0.00002300319,0.00003267311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003895644,0.0001927031,0.03030304,0.0000477122,0.000003021706,0.0000145329,0.001454313,0.0003046051,0.9490285,0.0003950615,0.00000412795,0.01821343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002721423,0.0005680305,0.03045674,0.00001804729,0.000007683763,0.0000062243,0.00003715874,0.0009379715,0.9644941,0.003097584,0.00003056667,0.00007374719],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976699,0.0000150708,0.001593812,0.0001064111,0.00006048067,0.0003191877,0.00000102867,0.00002353311,0.0002106078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987047,0.00003741811,0.001190485,0.00002503212,8.022473e-7,0.00001928407,5.728792e-7,0.000003551524,0.00001813214],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01813968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6775177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982333062","doi":"10.2166/wst.2011.712","title":"Critical source area management of agricultural phosphorus: experiences, challenges and opportunities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Nonpoint source pollution; Environmental science; Watershed; Chesapeake bay; Water quality; Tributary; Environmental resource management; Watershed management; Land management; Tillage; Surface runoff; Nutrient management; Environmental planning; Land use; Agriculture; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resource management; Computer science; Estuary; Geography; Ecology; Engineering; Civil engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03562876737436194,"gpt":0.214710551716632,"spread":0.17908178434227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002233696,0.0001323107,0.0001391291,0.0001412432,0.0001694868,0.00001745057,0.0006249661,0.00007823226,0.0000878057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007096427,0.00008090659,0.00002068868,0.0002378432,0.004830144,0.0003837615,0.0009184189,0.00007737162,0.00002417338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003886348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003437567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002410879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001285359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986513,0.000009787206,0.0001788119,0.0004201129,0.0002792084,0.0004608026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.000005491489,0.00003137845,0.0002784533,0.0000198694,0.00009159861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006751122,0.0009093183,0.1505703,0.0001471911,0.00004323622,0.0002064758,0.2154735,0.00002451525,0.01028844,0.1238526,0.0001351453,0.4982818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007878044,0.001173862,0.1313208,0.0001586179,0.00007247052,0.000372605,0.3434061,0.0004822062,0.4260861,0.08628074,0.008592316,0.001266421],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828098,0.0003959349,0.0001968053,0.0007929789,0.0001187158,0.0000908573,8.165949e-7,0.0001013148,0.01549281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972338,0.0008929147,0.001588172,0.00003588243,0.000003154077,0.00004570652,8.116673e-7,0.000004651077,0.0001949176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4970154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073594613","doi":"10.2166/wst.2013.146","title":"Towards adaptive and integrated management paradigms to meet the challenges of water governance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Process management; Adaptive management; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Engineering; Environmental science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008137520281064126,"gpt":0.1804137366143789,"spread":0.1722762163333148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001631515,0.0001134705,0.0001115517,0.0002570494,0.00007338843,0.00004652853,0.0005300645,0.00004511472,0.00001961392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002832244,0.00005524825,0.00001226662,0.0003535229,0.0003386264,0.0002077972,0.0003366217,0.00005458156,0.00004209466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003560059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001560818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002478336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001382313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991528,0.000006515171,0.0001337029,0.0002163556,0.0001530934,0.0003375793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996364,0.00000197952,0.00001310377,0.0002762617,0.00004102135,0.00003120577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003048228,0.00008555761,0.0005744643,0.0002232499,0.0001744114,0.00001971437,0.02129962,0.0830643,0.09188527,0.5707687,0.001740399,0.2301338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003683848,0.0002622236,0.002096058,0.00007582896,0.00002896138,0.000007889338,0.002751782,0.05725167,0.8918142,0.02211033,0.02280136,0.0004313648],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511538,0.0003789813,0.01041817,0.01090715,0.0002145919,0.0008580354,0.000001677128,0.0004244043,0.02564325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976414,0.0001318435,0.001946885,0.00003868784,0.000006419948,0.00008619862,4.215921e-7,0.000009358101,0.0001387934],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7999289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2252958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094796552","doi":"10.2166/wst.2020.515","title":"A review of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>spp. and their detection in water","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Canada; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidium parvum; Aptamer; Biology; Waterborne diseases; Polymerase chain reaction; Microbiology; Computational biology; Water quality; Molecular biology; Ecology; Feces; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01419793383531272,"gpt":0.2736624983096347,"spread":0.259464564474322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006466582,0.0003264333,0.001389136,0.001101113,0.0001596513,0.00001177918,0.0005265684,0.0005901688,0.00008737652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002135698,0.0001698083,0.0001341504,0.001156675,0.001570157,0.0000957537,0.0004457285,0.0006518029,0.0004700974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009274306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001501581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002389337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008173249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980552,0.00009877257,0.0006400041,0.0005943591,0.00003295413,0.000578691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992361,0.00005969129,0.000130866,0.0004514225,0.00009633506,0.000025562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000303108,0.00005561262,0.00001435873,0.01189803,0.00003795232,0.00001442068,0.0001520869,6.955611e-8,0.01857083,0.0002736018,0.00007832622,0.9689017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001188023,0.0001286648,8.40391e-7,0.01028663,0.00009582152,0.0005694958,0.00002032491,3.373891e-7,0.1069246,0.0002899098,0.8813612,0.0002033645],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000355686,0.9977602,0.0001697423,0.0002371183,0.0005546431,0.0005765457,0.00001257798,0.00009356075,0.0002398716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004803976,0.9948349,0.00002944938,0.0001137043,0.00001494858,0.000127826,0.00002850666,0.00001562914,0.00003105848],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9686983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6924582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400964531","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0176","title":"Innovative uses of vegetated drainage ditches for reducing agricultural runoff","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Stichting Nederlands Oogheelkundig Onderzoek; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Ditch; Surface runoff; Environmental science; Drainage; Hydrology (agriculture); Vegetation (pathology); Sediment; Environmental engineering; Geology; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009484253126128368,"gpt":0.2266515937075372,"spread":0.2171673405814088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002420428,0.0001503028,0.0001993634,0.0001717794,0.00037506,0.00001708432,0.0005421325,0.00007578827,0.00008343524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008399446,0.00009441927,0.00003238631,0.001333798,0.003228244,0.000362595,0.0005910073,0.0001006191,0.00008408858],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002795012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001266549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002110159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000437608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998569,0.000005659554,0.0002446994,0.0004264883,0.0002413048,0.0005128842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996205,0.00001409001,0.0000812984,0.0002194973,0.00002530942,0.00003930043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005477785,0.00005734811,0.006400901,0.000005105912,0.000005523129,0.000002650451,0.00136239,0.001158427,0.9884702,0.001242379,0.00002567754,0.001263893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002742124,0.0002266384,0.06098006,0.00001922073,0.00000795547,0.0000118347,0.0008616251,0.00001149145,0.9230542,0.01393352,0.0004640099,0.0001552686],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944363,0.00003714349,0.0009880558,0.001660826,0.00009018473,0.0002709067,0.000003904601,0.00008487965,0.002427842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947159,0.0000051436,0.005020908,0.00007121393,0.00001175335,0.00005439574,0.000003078944,0.000006772826,0.0001107772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06541606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2441146194","doi":"10.2166/wst.2002.0028","title":"Selecting a probability distribution for extreme rainfall series in Malaysia","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Gumbel distribution; Statistics; Mathematics; Generalized Pareto distribution; Series (stratigraphy); Mean squared error; Extreme value theory; Standard deviation; Generalized extreme value distribution; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient; Resampling","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01599986628487883,"gpt":0.2125683763843552,"spread":0.1965685100994763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007868309,0.0001072955,0.0001494878,0.0001750677,0.0003261876,0.00002401651,0.0004887401,0.0001422048,0.000527477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001789111,0.00008041108,0.00003686025,0.001713654,0.001643833,0.0004662841,0.0002611124,0.0001444038,0.0001776736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002366106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006263023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005239625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003263102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984722,0.0000214596,0.0002084654,0.0005258436,0.0001468785,0.0006251164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995884,0.0000133237,0.00003867679,0.000301967,0.00001591425,0.00004174199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000309243,0.0002518006,0.7418033,0.00001156643,0.000006624722,0.00001448587,0.001887924,0.004569018,0.2347678,0.002713078,0.0002972498,0.01364628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001181707,0.0007243323,0.02033942,0.00001679617,0.00004490519,0.0001748305,0.0003558401,0.2091345,0.5497416,0.1851656,0.03218592,0.0009345402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901061,0.00001123058,0.003680906,0.004644538,0.00004181054,0.0002386475,0.000002238952,0.0001168189,0.001157727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973013,0.000002789877,0.002142155,0.00005961282,0.000007706671,0.00009550124,0.000003832882,0.000003722519,0.000383383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7214639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6056771,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994420851","doi":"10.2166/wst.2008.002","title":"Phosphorus recovery from wastewater through struvite formation in fluidized bed reactors: a sustainable approach","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Struvite; Wastewater; Supersaturation; Phosphorus; Phosphate; Fluidized bed; Sewage treatment; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Metallurgy; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009761871044949771,"gpt":0.1973023138086982,"spread":0.1875404427637484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004472654,0.0002198027,0.0002519127,0.0003773225,0.0004227995,0.00006482101,0.0009999595,0.0001563995,0.0001678408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003521932,0.0001593709,0.0000472281,0.00182353,0.001144767,0.002130703,0.001221341,0.0002167694,0.0003446966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006963948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000179707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002308967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001811581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997283,0.00002670416,0.0003702308,0.0007489445,0.000502575,0.001068533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991523,0.00000933477,0.00008048832,0.0006685333,0.00002006329,0.00006926779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000308517,0.0008470575,0.05216289,0.00002521175,0.00001821293,0.0004612732,0.01625033,0.000500854,0.9199619,0.002189088,0.003154617,0.004120047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007649557,0.0001412162,0.001183975,0.000009482053,0.000006327656,0.00003325577,0.001741829,0.0005280738,0.9624985,0.01390702,0.01888638,0.0002989556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926834,0.00007562005,0.0007008585,0.0006222324,0.0001179501,0.0005137874,0.000002810774,0.000170583,0.00511275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952509,0.000188082,0.003826037,0.0001470468,0.00001047873,0.0001082367,0.00001863058,0.00001330699,0.0004372624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05097891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6498955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1563009191","doi":"10.2166/wst.2002.0030","title":"Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfalls","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Climatology; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01910994691090469,"gpt":0.2185325054059546,"spread":0.1994225584950499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004654965,0.0001206644,0.0002807518,0.001371415,0.0002343671,0.00001140959,0.001034914,0.000155571,0.007119825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004327568,0.00008530575,0.0001253087,0.006930056,0.003934818,0.0002956665,0.0003319655,0.000136816,0.0008965771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008242442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005834587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001589421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002806143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982746,0.00002333591,0.0002816433,0.0005258784,0.0003880752,0.0005064769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991794,0.00001387063,0.00007945947,0.0006321759,0.0000230378,0.00007211926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003993186,0.0001935453,0.5790845,0.000001701224,0.0001809216,0.0000301496,0.001518033,0.003192794,0.4059151,0.004090257,0.0006971079,0.00509198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001433775,0.0008654986,0.1223981,0.00001818893,0.003106916,0.0001547787,0.0006886965,0.2195397,0.496013,0.1113577,0.04224098,0.002182653],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762933,0.00005656725,0.001342571,0.003572234,0.00004099802,0.00005833838,0.000001614414,0.0001370964,0.01849729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972884,0.00001823546,0.001697431,0.0002540319,0.000005691715,0.000008996406,0.000001889782,0.000005021448,0.0007202828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4566863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989707041","doi":"10.2166/wst.2014.057","title":"Instrumentation, control and automation in wastewater – from London 1973 to Narbonne 2013","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Instrumentation (computer programming); Automation; Control (management); Systems engineering; Key (lock); Computer science; Control system; Wastewater; Automatic control; Engineering; Control engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Computer security; Artificial intelligence; Operating system; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007077717792877455,"gpt":0.2225516537287717,"spread":0.2154739359358942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006953145,0.0001597342,0.0001886768,0.0006170598,0.0001639256,0.0000845153,0.0007835717,0.0001539202,0.00005111165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108229,0.0001186818,0.0000123047,0.0008528371,0.001143725,0.0005338124,0.0007762009,0.0001540334,0.0004953813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002187097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005760832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001485625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002645013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981607,0.0000411603,0.0002869086,0.0006402591,0.0003150102,0.0005559371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993222,0.00002096576,0.00004822882,0.0005222738,0.00001334699,0.00007303597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009037842,0.00003531337,0.184931,0.000002303219,0.000001771317,0.00000260483,0.001108082,0.0003941208,0.799432,0.0002991297,0.00007407101,0.01371058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006350262,0.0001864743,0.08059622,0.00001794667,0.000004350552,0.000006806974,0.0002618186,0.002969976,0.8875911,0.02458686,0.002888035,0.0002554014],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829863,0.000006048361,0.001296703,0.01469809,0.0001966859,0.0002833012,0.000002088648,0.0004310745,0.00009966828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917839,0.000003328731,0.007898137,0.000172476,0.00001485702,0.00007246843,0.000002138653,0.00000904095,0.00004361132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1043347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6367289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3031532939","doi":"10.2166/wst.2020.254","title":"Analysis of eutrophication potential of municipal wastewater","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Aquatic and Environmental Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej","keywords":"Eutrophication; Wastewater; Environmental science; Sewage treatment; Nutrient; Water quality; Environmental engineering; Phosphorus; Environmental protection; Waste management; Ecology; Engineering; Chemistry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01209107774786983,"gpt":0.195945882352855,"spread":0.1838548046049852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001316367,0.00005787576,0.0001837052,0.0003192706,0.00008311484,0.000004718,0.0004040972,0.00004070229,0.0005620291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001310683,0.00003589863,0.00004257031,0.001285998,0.001316529,0.00009842442,0.00008153293,0.00004767936,0.00005282205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002688856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006464581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002947777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003673848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999211,0.000009369694,0.0001852656,0.0001955789,0.0002089714,0.0001898382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997249,0.000004705207,0.00005680779,0.0001600086,0.00001583765,0.00003771852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002560383,0.00002253213,0.761746,0.00001031695,0.0001129264,0.000003496245,0.002624462,0.02415325,0.2016166,0.000110089,0.000004820447,0.009569866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000216349,0.0005150117,0.4073189,0.000004257102,0.0003570967,0.000003005777,0.002695096,0.1351513,0.4524724,0.0006422476,0.000437772,0.0001866118],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972447,0.00005791026,0.0005413346,0.001649186,0.00002786775,0.00004351423,0.000009216137,0.00001751635,0.0004088258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993399,0.00002112635,0.0005651999,0.00004367308,0.000005550204,4.468818e-7,0.000009808283,7.511676e-7,0.00001359053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3544271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6153825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057914983","doi":"10.2166/wst.2009.225","title":"Wastewater treatment modelling: dealing with uncertainties","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Computer science; Context (archaeology); Reliability (semiconductor); Uncertainty analysis; Risk analysis (engineering); Management science; Operations research; Engineering; Simulation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0107455230277646,"gpt":0.1919609474533134,"spread":0.1812154244255488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007522531,0.0001367346,0.000132579,0.0004652806,0.0001379447,0.00006676393,0.0002262665,0.00007183832,0.000005896906],"category_scores_gemma":[6.165383e-7,0.00007599301,0.00001526006,0.0003548087,0.0001662526,0.0002180852,0.0000174437,0.00005415205,0.00002498119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001014601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001054366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001644546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001302691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991168,0.00000234552,0.0001337748,0.000223747,0.0001210184,0.0004023521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996365,0.000001158168,0.00001114838,0.0002671717,0.00004372059,0.00004032073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002658011,0.000007391408,0.00009071272,0.000002839927,0.000003879858,0.000007380979,0.0006790411,0.9787842,0.01782149,0.001469721,0.000006552034,0.001124144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001622103,0.000241901,0.000004294606,0.0000154628,0.000005974839,0.00003152145,0.0001354138,0.3625876,0.632973,0.001083029,0.002607969,0.0001516168],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8933877,0.00009613507,0.1018486,0.0006996674,0.000162109,0.0001653037,6.40451e-7,0.0009178481,0.00272196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939662,0.00001927943,0.00561273,0.00001087586,0.00001951178,0.00001205034,0.000001753549,0.00001029359,0.0003472582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6161966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3098905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133097921","doi":"10.2166/wst.2003.0324","title":"Treatment of freshwater fish farm effluent using constructed wetlands: the role of plants and substrate","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phragmites; Macrophyte; Effluent; Organic matter; Eutrophication; Environmental science; Substrate (aquarium); Constructed wetland; Pollutant; Slag (welding); Phosphorus; Peat; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Nutrient; Wetland; Wastewater; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007307330893055793,"gpt":0.2053165740830906,"spread":0.1980092431900348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001478477,0.0001959411,0.0002616069,0.0002346603,0.0002045496,0.00002301725,0.000363745,0.00009347784,0.0001628335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008432664,0.0001016148,0.00003848902,0.0004269787,0.003637744,0.0001057796,0.0001828071,0.00006160592,0.000008948859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001402519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003072404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004211862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005451068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984802,0.00003465941,0.0003156486,0.0004158525,0.0002702197,0.0004834105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993128,0.00001541131,0.0001089523,0.0004761258,0.00001920059,0.00006753088],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001166808,0.00006273587,0.4336837,0.000001954836,0.00001497936,0.000006684861,0.0008014516,0.00006388083,0.5602729,0.0002319778,4.168157e-7,0.004847668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006621854,0.0002746593,0.005941737,0.000008979458,0.00002380801,0.0003348766,0.001063077,0.0003987915,0.9873406,0.002533867,0.001294275,0.0001230977],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985844,0.00005586734,0.00001654576,0.00009656066,0.00007348084,0.0002892627,0.00003237835,0.00003527763,0.000816155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986476,0.00002398112,0.001270276,0.000007512439,0.000002610389,0.00001440306,0.00000301478,0.000007880928,0.00002267814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4277419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133462850","doi":"10.2166/wst.2021.078","title":"Optimization of Congo red dye adsorption from wastewater by a modified commercial zeolite catalyst using response surface modeling approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Ionic strength; Zeolite; Freundlich equation; Congo red; Response surface methodology; Aqueous solution; Langmuir; Chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Wastewater; Bromide; Langmuir adsorption model; Materials science; Chromatography; Catalysis; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01982898794894968,"gpt":0.2339105962276825,"spread":0.2140816082787328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005872177,0.0001983427,0.0002698599,0.0002263201,0.0002524745,0.00006002044,0.0005498951,0.0002469487,0.0003172269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005309128,0.0001594222,0.00006479419,0.001301614,0.001182949,0.0005089847,0.0005892768,0.0001879165,0.00004319577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002705017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004441227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002982268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001177326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977273,0.0001153121,0.0004437867,0.0007082979,0.0005043385,0.0005009223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991463,0.00001046988,0.0001259939,0.0005439707,0.00007177822,0.0001014863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008341362,0.00005953642,0.0002972698,0.000001644927,0.000003395371,0.000002607186,0.0002799061,0.3140619,0.6850806,0.00002204054,0.00001287565,0.00009485066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002806952,0.0000268185,0.00003218307,0.000006692117,0.0000108714,0.00003405171,0.0002136739,0.5145676,0.484471,0.0001409629,0.0000775505,0.0001378873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8997053,0.00002093022,0.09879155,0.000839962,0.0001147507,0.0001609672,0.00004348216,0.0001132147,0.0002098724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978685,0.00000919386,0.02084845,0.00007559514,0.00001064167,0.000003932323,0.00008192305,0.0000151218,0.000270154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2006096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6501047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994319468","doi":"10.2166/wst.2014.445","title":"Comparative study on adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) by different adsorbents in water","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Maxxam (Canada); Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Perfluorooctane; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Sulfonate; Activated carbon; Aqueous solution; Groundwater; Ion exchange; Pollutant; Contamination; Water treatment; Carbon fibers; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Sodium; Ion; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01472474059867402,"gpt":0.2714769532865657,"spread":0.2567522126878917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008761564,0.0002701901,0.0004239238,0.0005395633,0.0001987125,0.00005008318,0.0009091169,0.0001287064,0.0003455303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002406274,0.000158831,0.00003044997,0.0006757886,0.002105607,0.0003695099,0.0007043009,0.0003455842,0.0001911541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002182892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006964305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001817765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000286362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969363,0.0001332978,0.0003827433,0.0008478409,0.0007892225,0.0009106194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992189,0.00002883968,0.00005661397,0.0005338959,0.00003000494,0.0001317338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006151925,0.0003895081,0.189151,0.000004058768,0.00000374384,0.000002639746,0.00384193,0.00006085042,0.7975272,0.00003609699,0.00003375574,0.008887726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009451071,0.001512437,0.06985772,0.00002139445,0.000006248061,0.000007356963,0.001096464,0.002341818,0.9220456,0.0007957265,0.001099477,0.0002706794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997456,0.00013794,0.00005241081,0.00043927,0.0000849278,0.0005151831,0.000005115833,0.00005787532,0.001251274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995257,0.00003494395,0.00003840377,0.00004766047,0.000007798325,0.00007203067,0.000004355074,0.00001108584,0.0002580649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1245184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7758198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983500032","doi":"10.2166/wst.2008.023","title":"Laboratory pilot scale study for H2S removal from biogas in an anoxic biotrickling filter","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Odor and Emission Control Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biogas; Effluent; Waste management; Wastewater; Environmental science; Methane; Bioreactor; Sewage treatment; Pulp and paper industry; Biofilter; Anaerobic filter; Anoxic waters; Anaerobic digestion; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0282125156568519,"gpt":0.2651064332027693,"spread":0.2368939175459174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003620768,0.0001969695,0.0003008281,0.001205328,0.0002489411,0.0000322188,0.001158773,0.0002212637,0.00002665505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002343518,0.0001452922,0.00003186169,0.001635155,0.00066062,0.000389852,0.0003432591,0.0003131776,0.00003173706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001102378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005135512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000066359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000352202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980435,0.00001236802,0.0003193649,0.0006984959,0.0002247312,0.0007015264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990211,0.0000357488,0.00003954583,0.0007131062,0.0001130921,0.00007744299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002789431,0.000207895,0.01461993,0.000001976027,0.000003136904,0.00004977044,0.0004279815,0.0000789537,0.9832514,0.0001253531,0.00002416935,0.001181547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001068109,0.0005148606,0.0008259443,0.00001313457,0.000006615156,0.00001327322,0.0009738922,0.004973736,0.9890577,0.0009658186,0.00133168,0.0002553042],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950913,0.00009405113,0.00237139,0.0007378631,0.0002020478,0.0003486532,0.00001458225,0.001071671,0.00006847387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932201,0.000007477393,0.006501228,0.00005431663,0.00004369816,0.00008193688,0.000003764425,0.00002006148,0.00006740971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01379399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5924845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965559850","doi":"10.2166/wst.2019.263","title":"Predictive models for wastewater flow forecasting based on time series analysis and artificial neural network","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Ontario Water Consortium","keywords":"Autoregressive integrated moving average; Inflow; Artificial neural network; Wastewater; Mean squared error; Time series; Multilayer perceptron; Computer science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Statistics; Environmental engineering; Meteorology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01383431717718144,"gpt":0.2054165585110097,"spread":0.1915822413338282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007387616,0.0001922735,0.000277833,0.0003595346,0.0004500344,0.00008476686,0.0004863301,0.0001561724,0.0002242843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006344274,0.0001268507,0.00006720717,0.001576851,0.001456059,0.000407329,0.0004353509,0.0001669518,0.0001241228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009996433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001012915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001402544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001315034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977714,0.00002750457,0.0002313515,0.000809597,0.0003090136,0.0008510769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993871,0.00004650241,0.00006255135,0.0003931282,0.00002323688,0.00008744209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006857987,0.00001925922,0.006817912,0.000002190415,0.000007760926,0.000002740252,0.0001203365,0.9681377,0.02225435,0.00004366361,0.00001499819,0.002510484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001200379,0.0006610537,0.0002119954,0.000006971613,0.00004275754,0.00000754948,0.00001038334,0.9562791,0.03193742,0.01046804,0.00008635969,0.000168309],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830593,0.000001800163,0.01419536,0.001289722,0.00012793,0.0003789936,0.000007928678,0.0002064407,0.0007325645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98466,1.546309e-7,0.01485678,0.0001826441,0.00002781459,0.00004074103,0.000007204953,0.00001215689,0.0002125313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01185861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5364909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007687190","doi":"10.2166/wst.2010.912","title":"New framework for standardized notation in wastewater treatment modelling","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; EnviroSim (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"Generalitat de Catalunya; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Government of Canada","keywords":"Notation; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Documentation; Field (mathematics); Process (computing); Variable (mathematics); Programming language; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341795812718198,"gpt":0.249366419646401,"spread":0.235948461519219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002804753,0.0001869186,0.0001910554,0.0003661939,0.0002218003,0.0000667698,0.0004565181,0.0001809601,0.000243613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001477786,0.0001176597,0.00005432402,0.000618443,0.0004859806,0.000338493,0.0001531506,0.0001502248,0.0002080999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002598215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004033841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002202846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002034671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982784,0.00000813136,0.0002169096,0.0005648151,0.0002473997,0.0006843898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994291,0.00001697224,0.00003722568,0.0004041423,0.000009591257,0.0001029693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007668712,0.0000875774,0.007083633,0.000001535067,0.000005461499,0.00001130744,0.001560785,0.00254013,0.9685295,0.001884094,0.00001476236,0.0182045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008342607,0.0002293136,0.0000669268,0.000005257071,0.00001042458,0.00001375501,0.00008384022,0.005587202,0.9333075,0.05488564,0.004807767,0.000168152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9544156,0.000006557873,0.04310288,0.001438577,0.0002854477,0.0004588615,0.000002641697,0.0001120197,0.0001774024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7086457,0.000002821654,0.290894,0.00001687794,0.00002504909,0.00006104291,0.000003546654,0.00001079288,0.0003402155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2477911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4798023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992550330","doi":"10.2166/wst.2009.538","title":"Decision support systems in water and wastewater treatment process selection and design: a review","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Decision support system; USable; Selection (genetic algorithm); Identification (biology); Risk analysis (engineering); Heuristic; Engineering; Decision analysis; Process (computing); Computer science; Management science; Operations research; Artificial intelligence; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02509422019593073,"gpt":0.2952489626957845,"spread":0.2701547424998538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004324163,0.0003201894,0.0007958391,0.001235669,0.00008973328,0.000110044,0.0002307692,0.0002925126,0.00001134662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001803325,0.0001624888,0.00002931392,0.0008107288,0.0001288418,0.0003643587,0.00004253067,0.000179775,0.00002212237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002426782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006290848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003048855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004816532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984524,0.00002458729,0.0004883964,0.0004763479,0.0001493665,0.0004089541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996291,0.00000735947,0.00004080212,0.0001949467,0.0000723655,0.00005540893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001725576,0.00001817054,0.00000201065,0.006739418,0.000007439808,0.000006902261,0.0001622272,0.0008076235,0.0001651904,0.00002283936,0.00003183007,0.9920346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003833084,0.0006387496,3.563723e-7,0.02669385,0.0002281364,0.001152087,0.00003973111,0.02759761,0.01428442,0.000374788,0.9277571,0.00084986],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001325052,0.9939755,0.004225748,0.00007487366,0.0001250494,0.001133927,0.000001068367,0.0002617251,0.00006964456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001778946,0.996981,0.0007586343,0.00001367006,0.00001090171,0.0003452821,0.00002042357,0.00002137203,0.00006981601],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9911848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6626101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048427080","doi":"10.2166/wst.2012.300","title":"Towards a generalized physicochemical framework","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Biochemical engineering; Process (computing); Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Chemical process; Process engineering; Computer science; Chemistry; Anaerobic digestion; Environmental science; Engineering; Environmental engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01063350395132649,"gpt":0.2402646245689981,"spread":0.2296311206176716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002644141,0.0001687007,0.0001582601,0.0001715518,0.0002449602,0.00003681037,0.0007547155,0.0001484243,0.0009599995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002049883,0.0001060547,0.00005382798,0.0009743161,0.001679574,0.0004661872,0.0007956799,0.0001661468,0.002595734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001079732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004437016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001162373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980631,0.00001325707,0.0001420693,0.0003874038,0.0003706284,0.001023465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993288,0.000004414222,0.00002707737,0.0004651833,0.000008941916,0.0001656186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000611826,0.0001099936,0.02217863,8.754214e-7,0.000003922891,0.000004343347,0.0005744642,0.000004375376,0.9712709,0.00197733,0.0001239199,0.003745131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001514598,0.00004067025,0.0009689988,0.000003057104,0.00001025625,0.00004633987,0.00004886664,0.00004698249,0.9802296,0.0120544,0.006230243,0.0001691513],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947882,0.00004527226,0.0006866532,0.001248748,0.000248015,0.0001206655,8.739252e-7,0.0002273088,0.00263425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9556334,0.000003516886,0.04380227,0.0001723796,0.00007373423,0.00003056843,0.000002036082,0.00001073572,0.000271354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04311561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3067326942","doi":"10.2166/wst.2020.393","title":"A critical review of the data pipeline: how wastewater system operation flows from data to intelligence","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Raw data; Computer science; Pipeline (software); Bridge (graph theory); Resource (disambiguation); Work (physics); State (computer science); Risk analysis (engineering); Data science; Computer security; Systems engineering; Engineering; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1723423794841087,"gpt":0.3665729286510886,"spread":0.1942305491669799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002319277,0.0005487606,0.001546972,0.000315486,0.0003152847,0.0002052288,0.02941899,0.0004623438,0.00007856137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002891252,0.0002883657,0.0001086809,0.002851733,0.002803517,0.001024762,0.0492019,0.0008201473,0.001127914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004744808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001640453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001567183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002631665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941359,0.0002552137,0.001101126,0.002554495,0.001133175,0.000820052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9885456,0.00009844567,0.0002450634,0.01090705,0.00006290702,0.0001409522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003397676,0.00007523231,0.00003130899,0.02198823,0.00003073222,0.00004760509,0.0001947541,0.000008442578,0.003587437,0.0004425007,0.007532654,0.9660577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002223887,0.00004719934,5.913526e-7,0.02652643,0.0002510584,0.00006181133,0.0001309012,0.0006741454,0.01499552,0.0001335047,0.9567229,0.000433678],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006165553,0.961359,0.005116396,0.02786132,0.001555191,0.0023118,0.0009194895,0.0007469375,0.00006820653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002937326,0.9759467,0.02029159,0.0001739169,0.0001316292,0.0001650762,0.0002419952,0.00005294209,0.00005884788],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.965624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036431852","doi":"10.2166/wst.2013.397","title":"Modelling and monitoring of integrated urban wastewater systems: review on status and perspectives","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Stantec (Canada)","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Interfacing; Systems engineering; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Software; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03226480959025829,"gpt":0.2490155305632451,"spread":0.2167507209729868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003017255,0.0003449133,0.001092737,0.001039369,0.00008215576,0.00009239738,0.0003095484,0.0002603369,0.000002661522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001335165,0.0002015147,0.00004510968,0.0006628448,0.0003711639,0.0002376796,0.0001344733,0.0002934664,0.00001024456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001602499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003389362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004553857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.609786e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983465,0.0000313312,0.0005251229,0.0004706451,0.0001737609,0.0004526189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992873,0.00001082874,0.00009836457,0.0003992823,0.0001301598,0.00007408314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005151511,0.00009734838,0.0002976284,0.4109084,0.0004553478,0.0000329086,0.008488688,0.08677012,0.0006045743,0.003821363,0.0004751387,0.4880433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000261324,0.0003092536,7.695177e-7,0.2046014,0.0004712415,0.0001911596,0.001871037,0.04557202,0.003214599,0.00007548863,0.7419474,0.001484356],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001202109,0.9964445,0.0008990662,0.00001218337,0.00034472,0.0007646198,0.000007388182,0.0002149819,0.0001104853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01173643,0.9873279,0.0006019756,5.781808e-7,0.00003174562,0.0001331293,0.000005166308,0.00003800676,0.0001250002],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7414722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8217533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994019092","doi":"10.2166/wst.2010.898","title":"A systematic approach for model verification: application on seven published activated sludge models","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"EnviroSim (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Activated sludge model; Software; Conceptual model; Point (geometry); Typing; Data mining; Activated sludge; Mathematics; Environmental science; Programming language; Database; Environmental engineering; Wastewater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03051045228344865,"gpt":0.2650538947981464,"spread":0.2345434425146977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009491025,0.0005425086,0.001147511,0.0008034974,0.0004600585,0.0001870189,0.00243557,0.0007604822,0.00002423303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004042291,0.0003235365,0.0002480505,0.001548552,0.0009384069,0.0006942856,0.0004990707,0.0004921473,0.0004656204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005834762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000105251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000866164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001698874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963951,0.00004766482,0.0006835737,0.001510963,0.0005465773,0.0008160947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977041,0.0000269533,0.0003595568,0.001728569,0.00004874447,0.0001320772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001004856,0.002911577,0.000005406971,0.07942841,0.0004108983,0.00001323815,0.002335993,0.01477612,0.1281687,0.02048415,0.0008898022,0.7504752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001700267,0.0007309911,3.315792e-7,0.007401179,0.002367349,0.0005023065,0.0002128321,0.534461,0.1344792,0.04071375,0.2732866,0.004144168],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003573144,0.466883,0.4399762,0.001531034,0.0009799553,0.0603314,0.000278854,0.004259489,0.02218689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04455773,0.4158652,0.4467102,0.000264192,0.0003575002,0.07402764,0.002675169,0.0007896977,0.01475266],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.746331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2298641615","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0097","title":"Peroxidase-catalyzed removal of phenols from a petroleum refinery wastewater","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Dye analysis and toxicity","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phenols; Chemistry; Phenol; Wastewater; Refinery; Horseradish peroxidase; Peroxidase; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Biodegradation; Chromatography; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Enzyme","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01082840822081569,"gpt":0.2253044849838644,"spread":0.2144760767630487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002931737,0.0001906811,0.0003746824,0.0005447225,0.0001617261,0.00004677781,0.001201676,0.0002117942,0.00144897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005864684,0.0001283687,0.0001112974,0.0007964483,0.00117205,0.0002448365,0.0004921212,0.0002212239,0.0001941788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006784379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004892067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002225964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003409581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979246,0.000008598654,0.000394904,0.0006415598,0.000399876,0.0006304924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986141,0.00001244096,0.0001092857,0.001070648,0.0001099899,0.00008351654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001838463,0.00008318701,0.003827598,0.00000562225,0.00001917214,0.0001051134,0.0001485245,0.00001201492,0.9936167,0.0002561233,0.00001786414,0.001889696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003292983,0.00001924282,0.00008132016,0.0000205683,0.00003111162,0.00009522698,0.0002610842,0.0004700979,0.9883847,0.002905722,0.007224839,0.0001768283],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879826,0.00008929698,0.0001312109,0.001064894,0.00005494168,0.00002542839,0.00001134808,0.0001832742,0.01045703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964239,0.00001913065,0.001010048,0.0000349007,0.00005235695,0.00001054652,0.00001819928,0.00001364508,0.002417285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008441315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1591354355","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0130","title":"Investigation on the behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals in the groundwater after infiltration of treated wastewater","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission; Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Groundwater; Wastewater; Infiltration (HVAC); Groundwater recharge; Sewage treatment; Nutrient; Groundwater flow; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Geology; Aquifer; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03028560121815786,"gpt":0.2673541944845313,"spread":0.2370685932663735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005702351,0.0001205019,0.0001168045,0.0001598698,0.000090343,0.00001872537,0.0005495087,0.00007596436,0.0002328263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003233371,0.0000527358,0.0000246104,0.001164082,0.002955669,0.000256918,0.0001616211,0.0001964842,0.00009746625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001053261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001265461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000245101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998668,0.00005766316,0.0002681837,0.0002525144,0.000385856,0.0003678421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995953,0.00002037059,0.00005244112,0.0002785274,0.000009502714,0.00004384571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001656182,0.0001232403,0.1000561,0.000002466295,0.000001421737,0.000004346752,0.0007947403,0.0001574721,0.8984181,0.0002423546,0.000003472828,0.0001796435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002378038,0.0001831803,0.09862668,0.000016739,0.000009601163,0.00001234585,0.0001143058,0.0000525581,0.8983507,0.002295797,0.00003140622,0.00006887214],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932579,0.000004616473,0.0000206265,0.006021814,0.00002566293,0.0002920359,0.000001771384,0.00001914998,0.0003564405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993392,0.000005630096,0.00009550674,0.000509836,0.00000396729,0.00001759875,0.000002137334,0.000004959508,0.00002119829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006081284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332202147","doi":"10.2166/wst.2013.450","title":"Assessing the potential for restoration of surface permeability for permeable pavements through maintenance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Clogging; Infiltration (HVAC); Stormwater; Permeability (electromagnetism); Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Surface runoff; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02020855176046181,"gpt":0.2699198466706891,"spread":0.2497112949102273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008738043,0.0001221092,0.0001340203,0.00007177782,0.0007793534,0.0001180223,0.0009382608,0.000072666,0.0001451728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009001124,0.00007397152,0.00005400278,0.0005322126,0.002406683,0.001614059,0.0005031166,0.00007653987,0.00007073765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002784516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002121824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003106668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003275092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982942,0.00002148792,0.0002783923,0.0004886229,0.0003010913,0.0006161668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991537,0.00002176135,0.0001080075,0.0005944786,0.00009338745,0.00002867644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006135588,0.0001109266,0.01707726,0.00002094905,0.000007179222,2.19554e-7,0.0008411023,0.006465065,0.9687486,0.002573951,0.002815921,0.001332678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001265232,0.0005614383,0.04810679,0.00003099795,0.00007434474,0.000009752441,0.004327566,0.1308033,0.6149624,0.1689279,0.03030461,0.0006256917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8312186,0.000005795759,0.1617581,0.004833959,0.0002203517,0.001338614,0.000004585749,0.00007136267,0.0005487028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.975916,0.000001668033,0.02278453,0.0001103777,0.00001177419,0.0002842084,0.000004291624,0.000008992381,0.0008781417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3537862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8867524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593346493","doi":"10.2166/wst.2017.132","title":"Cost comparison of full-scale water reclamation technologies with an emphasis on membrane bioreactors","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Land reclamation; Operating expense; Filtration (mathematics); Environmental science; Aeration; Operating cost; Capital cost; Environmental engineering; Water treatment; Reuse; Waste management; Reclaimed water; Membrane bioreactor; Sewage treatment; Engineering; Business; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02605214442703344,"gpt":0.281006259893504,"spread":0.2549541154664705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002887252,0.0002178728,0.0002783786,0.0004353079,0.0008242159,0.0001172239,0.001824124,0.0002079253,0.000101793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001866764,0.0001038956,0.00003057366,0.0002934386,0.005051753,0.0008511163,0.0006891905,0.0001637898,0.0002722873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001356129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009287985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003504346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981045,0.00001515126,0.0002433677,0.0006111193,0.0004231538,0.0006027265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982855,0.000005429969,0.0001338438,0.001488471,0.00002658801,0.00006022021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005537759,0.0002184517,0.09987641,0.000003534694,0.000005224366,0.000005978282,0.001081164,0.000105787,0.8867885,0.00004156372,0.00001169677,0.01180634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003796926,0.001055784,0.00328421,0.00001904144,0.00001565086,0.00001766412,0.0009638332,0.0001477622,0.9926907,0.0003783236,0.0008574011,0.0001899783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941904,0.000003395368,0.00007977091,0.00365985,0.0001123688,0.0003314601,0.000003015115,0.0003249767,0.001294749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972402,0.000006404841,0.002484007,0.000009708886,0.000006007359,0.00004379449,0.000007588317,0.00001275506,0.0001895031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1059022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167587928","doi":"10.2166/wst.2005.0558","title":"Continuity-based interfacing of models for wastewater systems described by Petersen matrices","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions (Canada)","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Interfacing; Wastewater; Set (abstract data type); Transformation (genetics); Construct (python library); Process (computing); Computer science; Process engineering; Sewage treatment; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Programming language; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01123406835698589,"gpt":0.2173186373100882,"spread":0.2060845689531023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004516618,0.0002038855,0.0002758546,0.00036852,0.0001919459,0.00006596016,0.0008112477,0.0001196105,0.00005340447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007596274,0.0001338286,0.00006973074,0.0004810321,0.001097802,0.0004433614,0.0004212146,0.00008982886,0.0001091757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001680028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001273543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001982107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980607,0.00001943787,0.0003521961,0.0005335832,0.000325601,0.0007085073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993696,0.00001485435,0.0001016049,0.0003988599,0.00003336817,0.00008171125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003102851,0.00007136196,0.001153351,0.00001367638,0.000007045115,0.000001870367,0.0004578974,0.004788825,0.9920512,0.0001049231,0.0001533463,0.001165497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005891621,0.0001992784,0.00000742792,0.00001950546,0.00002120128,0.00001604094,0.0002496674,0.02959853,0.966612,0.0005939125,0.001915338,0.0001779275],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947158,0.00007948871,0.003301817,0.0007301061,0.0001168124,0.0005022442,0.00001800139,0.0001361375,0.0003995785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838684,0.000001866788,0.01552408,0.00003078213,0.00001376975,0.00007451056,0.000006527072,0.00001524266,0.0004648437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02543917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5457372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170902448","doi":"10.2166/wst.2003.0144","title":"Drinking water contamination in Walkerton, Ontario: positive resolutions from a tragic event","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Water supply; Government (linguistics); Water industry; Christian ministry; Environmental planning; Environmental health; Water resource management; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Law; Political science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006625387484480515,"gpt":0.2298398117215908,"spread":0.2232144242371103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004387912,0.0001450879,0.0001910981,0.0008530866,0.0004560864,0.00002545584,0.0002775856,0.000291685,0.0005062437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001030802,0.0001004265,0.00003770952,0.0004433628,0.0009289811,0.0001819144,0.00008014323,0.0003834025,0.0006610073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004552331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000130301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00640645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01897221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984625,0.00007523163,0.0002776411,0.0004367379,0.00005056549,0.0006973478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994861,0.00004597546,0.00003317875,0.0003033866,0.0001110651,0.00002029635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001179139,0.0002296922,0.05597287,8.838595e-7,0.00001679446,0.00003392403,0.004239825,0.00006309771,0.9190154,0.01952875,0.0000385774,0.000848402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007047187,0.0001358809,0.02475838,0.00002441798,0.00001733315,0.000124301,0.0004358328,0.00001303286,0.9544638,0.0100446,0.009098678,0.0001790246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906913,0.00009586491,0.003427352,0.0006408219,0.0007260336,0.0002161551,0.000004814667,0.00009176135,0.004105866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998756,0.000004945269,0.0002208553,0.0001102401,0.000004621001,0.0000545863,0.00004229625,0.000006242186,0.0008002046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03544841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028892889","doi":"10.2166/wst.2009.761","title":"Performic acid (PFA): tests on an advanced primary effluent show promising disinfection performance","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kemira (Canada); McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Peracetic acid; Performic acid; Effluent; Disinfectant; Chemistry; Wastewater; Hydrogen peroxide; Pulp and paper industry; Formic acid; Fecal coliform; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chromatography; Water quality; Biology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004826557339232938,"gpt":0.2163115769762236,"spread":0.2114850196369906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003364344,0.0002511212,0.0001790133,0.0004339108,0.0009085482,0.0001330996,0.0004697685,0.0001323225,0.0001077089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001462696,0.0001704764,0.00003879578,0.0009106293,0.0008877923,0.001803325,0.0001579215,0.0002037151,0.0006212017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007117575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002576385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001604596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001418891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978466,0.00001849214,0.0002123797,0.0007677855,0.0004209511,0.0007337628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992365,0.000003583163,0.00006136511,0.0005605217,0.00001923802,0.0001187393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003567364,0.0002538899,0.1056173,0.00000284345,0.000001123602,0.000003199925,0.0002215646,0.0008238076,0.7216003,0.00003422098,0.000005380252,0.1714007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004329277,0.001937247,0.2197605,0.00001988898,0.000008793842,0.00005450366,0.00002292324,0.0009109468,0.7751006,0.0008980248,0.0006059524,0.0002476924],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933451,0.000006764652,0.0001587102,0.0007204742,0.0002208142,0.0003888559,5.887897e-7,0.0004705329,0.004688109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986113,0.000009034434,0.0009263248,0.0001914894,0.00002608836,0.00003169247,0.00000937355,0.00001131962,0.0001834117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.171153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7984499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2325157670","doi":"10.2166/wst.2012.056","title":"Net environmental benefit: introducing a new LCA approach on wastewater treatment systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Production (economics); Ecology; Economics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01021542331963963,"gpt":0.1984614421853064,"spread":0.1882460188656668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003139635,0.0003877526,0.0003005683,0.0004336275,0.0004725542,0.0001025159,0.0008259497,0.0001853993,0.0003747422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004894824,0.0002177965,0.00006963712,0.0005244663,0.001077459,0.0006623664,0.0006542361,0.0001543392,0.003260863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001009541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001291196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002343319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005296956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968426,0.00002568381,0.0002906489,0.0008736119,0.0005091719,0.001458331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998588,0.000007574459,0.00006571045,0.0009995053,0.000002644464,0.0003365544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004518138,0.001220452,0.1082366,0.00000616384,0.00003814083,0.0000182108,0.005566409,0.007131029,0.8699172,0.0007473537,0.0006051242,0.006468151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009870436,0.0009068063,0.001845585,0.00001348513,0.00004990683,0.0002034056,0.0009023377,0.000701428,0.961193,0.0002216601,0.03241018,0.0005651906],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938095,0.0001180801,0.00008127715,0.001162519,0.0005892396,0.0005127045,0.000004996728,0.0002184328,0.003503306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911343,0.00002070444,0.001892641,0.00005771886,0.0001848642,0.00008929253,0.00001655744,0.0000281757,0.006575675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1063911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099725773","doi":"10.2166/wst.2011.052","title":"Comprehensive review and compilation of pretreatments for mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Mesophile; Hydrolysis; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Biogas; Organic matter; Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Environmental science; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Methane; Engineering; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04191090786697704,"gpt":0.2857629013468795,"spread":0.2438519934799024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000241023,0.0003671694,0.001148375,0.0003809857,0.0002716033,0.000012927,0.0005216036,0.0002147081,0.00002658495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002863705,0.0002271246,0.00007806173,0.000737709,0.002883924,0.0002180929,0.0009653711,0.000116955,0.00001628354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001863698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000358332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000097512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980755,0.0000492918,0.00045995,0.000806109,0.0001708335,0.000438359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991,0.00003468008,0.0002672881,0.0004913041,0.00004243033,0.00006430567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005198501,0.0000937926,0.0002055893,0.009940366,0.0000859546,0.000003124514,0.0002700054,7.098408e-7,0.0009786536,0.004573394,0.0000708778,0.9837723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006134324,0.001634844,0.000895291,0.01066695,0.002326233,0.0003223033,0.00005619383,0.00002143059,0.003962307,0.06416368,0.9140732,0.001264148],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005063721,0.9972371,0.00003300819,0.000171874,0.00006446809,0.001298848,0.00004501923,0.00006522951,0.0005780449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01009075,0.9888471,0.0006064814,0.00004306647,0.000006638167,0.0002943832,0.00002214737,0.0000220601,0.00006736388],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9825082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162958245","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0719","title":"Occurrence of Legionella in groundwater: an ecological study","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Legionella; Groundwater; Environmental science; Blackwater; Immunomagnetic separation; Environmental engineering; Biology; Microbiology; Bacteria; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02187734028149731,"gpt":0.3033268633529978,"spread":0.2814495230715005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006418647,0.0001110114,0.0001543372,0.0005188094,0.0001078977,0.00002396041,0.000970401,0.0001514422,0.00001461671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004318867,0.00007486836,0.00002410404,0.0008491591,0.001232317,0.00001687159,0.0005128534,0.0001493152,0.00002031505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000231107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008178838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006605081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001686963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984393,0.00004168784,0.0002185773,0.0005526801,0.0002159109,0.0005319102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992782,0.000003138191,0.00003143154,0.0005112558,0.000108829,0.00006709231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000322943,0.0008900122,0.3015532,0.000002137544,0.000002393081,0.00004448916,0.0001897909,0.00002370499,0.695712,0.00009255761,0.00001748347,0.00143998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009512065,0.00401766,0.03218105,0.000005559055,0.00000436014,0.000123913,0.001628775,0.0000819985,0.9549446,0.0007050912,0.005081671,0.0002741373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998813,0.00003315261,0.00009439808,0.0003216376,0.00008093737,0.0002300611,0.0000014619,0.00002204118,0.0004032811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997224,0.0000428251,0.00006572239,0.00003486289,0.00001946777,0.00002859781,0.000008758106,0.000003332922,0.00007399733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2693721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4540524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1533060166","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0809","title":"Phosphorus removal from trout farm effluents by constructed wetlands","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Effluent; Wetland; Trout; Phosphorus; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Industrial effluent; Rainbow trout; Water resource management; Environmental chemistry; Fishery; Ecology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Chemistry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004421881318966148,"gpt":0.200664961480994,"spread":0.1962430801620279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001984827,0.0003360395,0.0003124914,0.0003352407,0.0004603906,0.0001064485,0.001388452,0.0002260175,0.001366358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002639518,0.0002366542,0.000062333,0.001519246,0.003439917,0.0003113107,0.0009888245,0.0002543514,0.001377451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004809608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002951277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001283049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001384246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967445,0.00002456923,0.0003733308,0.001082531,0.0006312833,0.00114381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987702,0.00001340739,0.0000856832,0.0008889748,0.00002407793,0.000217641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003058821,0.00007540033,0.5263462,5.147078e-7,0.00001326467,0.0001439293,0.0002217266,0.00001189786,0.423864,0.0000599035,0.0001697029,0.04906287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002033063,0.0002429922,0.01522255,0.00001638273,0.00004325193,0.0009694389,0.0003447362,0.0004220543,0.9043697,0.005071129,0.07064572,0.0006189459],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908263,0.00005227674,0.0002940899,0.0009293416,0.0003953501,0.0002762343,0.00003605217,0.000444188,0.006746162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958311,0.00003365113,0.002978406,0.0001329343,0.00001680516,0.00003442238,0.00004240247,0.00002108529,0.0009091704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5111237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225413438","doi":"10.2166/wst.2022.115","title":"Hybrid modelling of water resource recovery facilities: status and opportunities","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Vlaamse regering; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Computer science; Leverage (statistics); Resource (disambiguation); Interpretability; Risk analysis (engineering); Process (computing); Systems engineering; Management science; Engineering; Business; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0385104550915231,"gpt":0.2312273389480366,"spread":0.1927168838565135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006141036,0.0000990859,0.0001562496,0.0007954419,0.0001861482,0.00002478785,0.0002904585,0.00003316454,0.00006324149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000113044,0.00007555044,0.00002060731,0.0001771611,0.000323964,0.0001687244,0.000284111,0.0001909213,0.000001730068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006466995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001587606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000129536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.528354e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989393,0.00001989567,0.0002059045,0.0001903505,0.0002095153,0.0004349796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996044,0.0000186311,0.00001111503,0.0002834116,0.00003169173,0.00005077625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003362039,0.000002942832,0.0000362902,0.00002653529,0.000003617841,0.000003791642,0.001047387,0.9778382,0.01898832,0.0002856596,0.00001251887,0.001751338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001210904,0.00006941947,0.000001728704,0.000004676205,0.000002761253,0.00001914067,0.001173378,0.6675339,0.2683003,0.003966102,0.05866733,0.0001400975],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9103685,0.0002033211,0.08807952,0.00013354,0.0001327928,0.0000580532,0.00001471864,0.0003117419,0.0006978138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954255,0.0000678317,0.003822176,0.000009961711,0.000005983845,0.00002191045,0.000005627305,0.0000128348,0.0006281565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3103043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3080858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792205022","doi":"10.2166/wst.2018.112","title":"International experiences in stormwater fee","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stormwater; Business; Jurisdiction; Environmental planning; Stormwater management; Revenue; Surface runoff; Finance; Environmental protection; Geography; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009714373651519658,"gpt":0.231402257433783,"spread":0.2216878837822633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004213407,0.0001191296,0.00009307139,0.0007192109,0.0002803447,0.00006572373,0.001628204,0.00006974622,0.004079787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002530621,0.00008456653,0.0000185571,0.001255709,0.004572094,0.000833549,0.001453717,0.0001124808,0.003523844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003784214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008996678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001494001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002121831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981813,0.00001123447,0.0001980848,0.0005598969,0.000410467,0.0006390539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994717,0.00000283453,0.00003036331,0.0004219053,0.00001877445,0.00005444698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002144743,0.0002444651,0.4648164,0.000001986946,0.000007424857,0.0000486205,0.03510784,0.00009356236,0.4791286,0.002721203,0.004346275,0.01346222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004400654,0.0002309142,0.02632914,0.000009596231,0.000004268414,0.00003384677,0.004244326,0.001471171,0.4843033,0.004256392,0.4782142,0.0004627247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374059,0.000002480787,0.0008867456,0.003129908,0.0007622859,0.0001285761,4.265871e-7,0.0001630924,0.05752057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961391,0.000001706809,0.001728238,0.0001979156,0.00004103011,0.00008339143,9.231301e-7,0.000006329064,0.001801336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.473868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2398560927","doi":"10.2166/wst.2002.0344","title":"Simultaneous production of biopesticide and alkaline proteases by Bacillus thuringiensis using sewage sludge as a raw material","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Proteases; Biopesticide; Protease; Food science; Chemistry; Bacillus thuringiensis; Wastewater; Microbiology; Biology; Enzyme; Biochemistry; Bacteria; Environmental engineering; Pesticide; Agronomy; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008705160175464601,"gpt":0.2263774070958572,"spread":0.2176722469203926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002095227,0.000147786,0.000169558,0.0002216259,0.000169761,0.00003418773,0.0002777137,0.0001444706,0.00002774719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002551405,0.0001060444,0.00002809926,0.0003239172,0.001363197,0.00001635012,0.0003291337,0.00006041325,0.000006022055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001879026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001908081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007069456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004891569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987473,0.0000209036,0.0001976628,0.0005382434,0.0001548639,0.0003409575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993985,0.000002881181,0.00008317016,0.0003374108,0.0001292373,0.00004881683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002884127,0.00005705654,0.0001987634,0.00001217637,0.000009645076,0.000005994783,0.00004080194,0.00008068165,0.9963998,0.000008099935,0.00001648963,0.003141665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001406592,0.0003924664,0.000007840494,0.00001390826,0.00001578743,0.000168877,0.0000431769,0.0008406722,0.9960409,0.00009689393,0.002087712,0.0001510958],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985762,0.0002427159,0.0002946973,0.0004005953,0.00009578585,0.0003025846,0.00001190989,0.00003311322,0.00004234455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984165,0.00006634099,0.001195825,0.00003654728,0.00004837353,0.00001862552,0.0000082742,0.00000997104,0.0001995262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002990569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5022755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}