{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":151,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":151,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"da2832a66d47","filters":{"venue":"Weather and Forecasting"}},"results":[{"id":"W2137639805","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222269.1","title":"Intercomparison of Spatial Forecast Verification Methods","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":460,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ouranos","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Forecast verification; Scale (ratio); Data mining; Field (mathematics); Forecast skill; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07163060115625594,"gpt":0.29694763363267,"spread":0.225317032476414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003302582,0.00006343552,0.0001333142,0.00003839238,0.00007137562,0.00001531162,0.00005617453,0.00003470055,0.0004555081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007117045,0.00004659302,0.00003010298,0.00007020506,0.00003407201,0.00006914701,0.000003390649,0.0000563528,0.000004350308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001021316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003875811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002450626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006702277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994411,0.00006447471,0.0001964192,0.000122391,0.00006266643,0.0001129863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996321,0.0001541424,0.0000746084,0.00007231226,0.00001983713,0.00004703324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002584628,0.000008486021,0.1174389,0.00000362374,0.000003703779,2.298802e-7,0.0002685925,0.001119964,0.0004483888,0.0003031024,0.000003809005,0.8803753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001457233,0.0002389773,0.725338,0.000007991024,0.000008558622,0.000002768238,0.00007395207,0.2651887,0.0001914026,0.008361108,0.0003716881,0.00007114901],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8918293,0.0003063817,0.06673294,0.00005882584,0.00007288591,0.00008758398,0.000007915351,0.00001955072,0.04088469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743434,0.000005131626,0.02549433,0.00005089406,0.00004826655,2.303739e-7,0.00001551895,0.000001041515,0.00004120531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8803042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4987494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2519117470","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-16-0035.1","title":"The Pan-Canadian High Resolution (2.5 km) Deterministic Prediction System","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Numerical weather prediction; Meteorology; Global Forecast System; Environmental science; Data assimilation; Precipitation; Weather forecasting; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Model output statistics; Grid; High resolution; Relative humidity; Remote sensing; Geology; Geography; Geodesy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03113107117173858,"gpt":0.1936673673751409,"spread":0.1625362962034023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003321002,0.00006355461,0.0000666184,0.00002920908,0.0006388291,0.00005052962,0.00006178294,0.00004119993,0.0001615179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001008868,0.00002945643,0.0000189181,0.00005567781,0.00006532299,0.00007244461,0.000004232862,0.00003872513,0.00005141483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009248542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001737333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008298065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02481588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993538,0.00005906943,0.0001471521,0.0001317795,0.00008129465,0.0002268737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934,0.0004030272,0.00003971812,0.00008647722,0.00001804419,0.0001127428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003287886,0.000002153732,0.3203825,0.00001086871,0.00001394921,0.000006446083,0.0001123254,0.0005449679,0.00005156382,0.004358022,0.00008013763,0.6744041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002431577,0.0001449171,0.8894242,0.00004076166,0.00001523563,0.00002095049,0.0001300189,0.09954898,0.00000251094,0.003961347,0.006364553,0.0001033429],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9644597,0.0003544023,0.001402056,0.0002713648,0.0003873275,0.0001689485,0.0001955312,0.00005323689,0.03270749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992867,0.00001329845,0.0001265211,0.00002972121,0.0001447684,0.000001769095,0.00001170477,0.000001954777,0.0003835329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6743008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174077572","doi":"10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0583:amtdpt>2.0.co;2","title":"A Method to Determine Precipitation Types","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Freezing rain; Precipitation; Snow; Rain and snow mixed; Environmental science; Meteorology; Climatology; Precipitation types; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05311889057525288,"gpt":0.2613821872887211,"spread":0.2082632967134682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001961354,0.00005150725,0.00007271818,0.00002519968,0.00009832469,0.00002619512,0.00003529248,0.00002130096,0.006137437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000255762,0.00003682646,0.00001503292,0.00008397191,0.000009736779,0.00006057397,0.000002429575,0.00003179015,0.0001225349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.88335e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000257896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001225468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001017984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995705,0.00003986385,0.00009644008,0.0001210757,0.00005549263,0.0001166423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996751,0.0001881559,0.00001319752,0.00004190003,0.000009160132,0.00007249388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001901433,0.000002345103,0.03649148,0.000002029607,0.000002950602,8.263828e-7,0.0003513109,0.0121393,0.00003602547,0.0000356936,0.00001003869,0.950909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002474254,0.000313155,0.6286585,0.00001215268,0.00001507338,0.00001268461,0.00005905902,0.3480963,0.0000255657,0.008982969,0.01338934,0.0001878001],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9071003,0.00009894766,0.003193711,0.0000716371,0.00001953691,0.00008448176,0.000008366382,0.00002221428,0.08940084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9549375,0.000002645894,0.04329308,0.0002471798,0.00006224102,9.366261e-7,0.000008116544,0.000001497419,0.001446815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9507212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136664483","doi":"10.1175/2010waf2222417.1","title":"Nowcasting Challenges during the Beijing Olympics: Successes, Failures, and Implications for Future Nowcasting Systems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nowcasting; Beijing; Convective storm detection; Extrapolation; Meteorology; Storm; Climatology; Radar; Environmental science; Computer science; Geography; China; Geology; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03526075508029756,"gpt":0.2296775842162838,"spread":0.1944168291359862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005729611,0.0001729749,0.0001939724,0.00005185971,0.001281978,0.0002132031,0.000146487,0.00009736673,0.00004094931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002252762,0.0001077403,0.0000410252,0.0001026806,0.00009601522,0.0001900214,0.00003030777,0.000234714,0.0000018414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002195329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000123466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003299171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002086641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988964,0.00004273134,0.0002789939,0.0003343949,0.00009191482,0.0003555266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984912,0.001024393,0.0001359823,0.0001697832,0.00006163892,0.0001169551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004619582,0.00001867619,0.6683851,0.0004353611,0.00006951195,0.000003067746,0.00247614,0.003807527,0.002299545,0.02324414,0.000008125462,0.2992066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005731481,0.00009678237,0.8716372,0.00006086788,0.00005155741,0.0001785669,0.002893225,0.1107902,0.000009389092,0.002712616,0.01060398,0.0003924557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869428,0.005402076,0.0004505382,0.001900796,0.0003435232,0.0004127744,0.00006960746,0.00006585243,0.004412012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967758,0.000117069,0.001919356,0.00003479099,0.001028937,0.00001583194,0.00001808183,0.000008841307,0.00008129903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2988141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9860067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953184139","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-18-0178.1","title":"Evaluation of Cumulus and Microphysics Parameterizations in WRF across the Convective Gray Zone","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Mitacs; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BC Hydro; Compute Canada","keywords":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Precipitation; Mesoscale meteorology; Environmental science; Climatology; Meteorology; Mesoscale convective system; Convection; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05175189219135251,"gpt":0.2656723510879031,"spread":0.2139204588965506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000708889,0.00005095121,0.00009412933,0.00001585357,0.00008404523,0.00002062246,0.00003481773,0.00002422822,0.0001426107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007547402,0.00003121681,0.00001326738,0.0001133821,0.00007285593,0.00006928703,0.000008592398,0.00005236283,0.000004185982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001816503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009256107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003119879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003485938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994345,0.0001084507,0.0001236822,0.00010938,0.0001218007,0.0001021641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995273,0.0002901756,0.00005309555,0.00006075006,0.00004895818,0.00001968213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001509817,0.000009469519,0.8586866,0.00000785168,0.00001165562,1.645031e-7,0.002821172,0.02697949,0.0007595449,0.000195937,3.865404e-7,0.1105126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002938217,0.00006202503,0.6097142,0.000007090258,0.00001255183,0.000001155938,0.0004633884,0.3849704,0.00003272852,0.004385855,0.00001396125,0.00004284252],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962801,0.0002707238,0.000305524,0.00002265229,0.00003988174,0.0002125175,0.00002219156,0.000003446166,0.002842985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997016,0.000006986254,0.0002050037,0.00003061879,0.00001282189,0.00000144558,0.000009740734,0.000001315993,0.00003050406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3579909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1561487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161872887","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-11-00011.1","title":"Bias Correction for Global Ensemble Forecast","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Calibration; Ensemble forecasting; Probabilistic logic; Computer science; Statistics; Ensemble learning; Ensemble Kalman filter; Kalman filter; Environmental science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Extended Kalman filter","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1182740696464095,"gpt":0.2511423830402493,"spread":0.1328683133938398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002829925,0.0000890874,0.0000937876,0.000007999603,0.0001489729,0.00001672517,0.00005357216,0.0000512131,0.0003298594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006829119,0.0000772007,0.00004528537,0.00007058494,0.00006485386,0.0001247074,0.00006445465,0.00003585403,0.0000196177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004800691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003106648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004392937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003692428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993533,0.00001428679,0.0001375125,0.0002181376,0.00006692392,0.0002097773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997374,0.00005566893,0.00004807898,0.00009212137,0.000006423311,0.00006027895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002014718,0.0001632372,0.4781089,0.00003659089,0.00002046136,0.00000239029,0.004150257,0.0004545098,0.001361895,0.002981479,0.001119108,0.5113997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002634267,0.001118906,0.1338826,0.0001166857,0.0001391091,0.0002820847,0.001733267,0.7014303,0.003371678,0.1365556,0.01752017,0.001215397],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8245049,0.00001408194,0.026419,0.00001452197,0.0002649819,0.0002191924,0.000009172314,0.00004282968,0.1485114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930063,0.000003614053,0.006092981,0.00006603838,0.00003660311,0.00002516202,0.000003118398,0.000008586345,0.0007575637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7009758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3611729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024417993","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-19-0259.1","title":"The Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System Version 2 (CanSIPSv2)","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Teleconnection; Madden–Julian oscillation; Geopotential height; Environmental science; Forecast skill; Initialization; Northern Hemisphere; Sea surface temperature; Atmosphere (unit); Precipitation; Climate model; Hindcast; Geopotential; Atmospheric model; Data assimilation; Meteorology; Numerical weather prediction; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Climate change; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Convection; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02441290730574258,"gpt":0.1975652266315532,"spread":0.1731523193258106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002063164,0.00005558388,0.00004972678,0.000006737117,0.000427686,0.00005140561,0.00006925474,0.00002819286,0.00009901509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004232192,0.0000402616,0.00001773961,0.00007423548,0.00003772059,0.00006743438,0.0000688645,0.00006399742,0.00007352804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001458941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000105217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01829543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04761309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994664,0.00002232152,0.00008806277,0.0001538371,0.0001051329,0.0001642996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999662,0.00003751722,0.00001509145,0.00005607549,0.000004972628,0.0002243262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005115479,0.00004238814,0.6864175,0.0001803964,0.00007368979,0.00003674448,0.0518411,0.04724694,0.00567159,0.004145044,0.01904172,0.1847914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036177,0.0001965953,0.03364953,0.00006807722,0.0000199363,0.00002488188,0.002984305,0.889763,0.00006135814,0.00009216185,0.07257911,0.0001993051],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674287,0.00001207609,0.00052882,0.001872109,0.0001231784,0.0001619352,0.00005284365,0.00003416798,0.02978615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994008,9.98287e-7,0.0001427838,0.0003010418,0.00006023744,0.000005674738,0.000003081126,0.00000539257,0.00008002439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8425161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9882419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122058652","doi":"10.1175/2010waf2222326.1","title":"TIGGE: Comparison of the Prediction of Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones by Different Ensemble Prediction Systems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Extratropical cyclone; Predictability; Meteorology; Environmental science; Climatology; Northern Hemisphere; Cyclone (programming language); Forecast verification; Tropical cyclone forecast model; Forecast skill; Weather forecasting; Computer science; Geography; Statistics; Mathematics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02159721735775627,"gpt":0.2188883162504712,"spread":0.1972910988927149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001139231,0.00008342569,0.0001508322,0.000005430849,0.00009232325,0.00001011809,0.00008263806,0.00008009062,0.00007576732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002623087,0.00005403427,0.00004240122,0.00004487054,0.0001440668,0.00005831443,0.00006940779,0.0001333062,9.123058e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000169332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002951409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004594268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004647814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992439,0.00003141379,0.0002819421,0.0001541644,0.0001758575,0.0001127075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996088,0.00005618413,0.0001308254,0.0001576536,0.000009444126,0.00003706435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001035415,0.00007721548,0.7389048,0.00003503613,0.000005305861,2.525754e-8,0.0004261957,0.0008444677,0.2571035,0.00004222789,0.00004932609,0.002501512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007426676,0.0002248903,0.5190469,0.000136146,0.00008159375,0.0000188016,0.0008085252,0.4474181,0.03000584,0.0005515777,0.0007849964,0.0001799959],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959257,0.00004541693,0.001152184,0.00002044194,0.0002009145,0.0001709481,0.00005540872,0.00001468841,0.002414304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997709,0.000004839053,0.00006358872,0.00000241335,0.00003409527,0.00000884161,0.000005292262,0.000007136827,0.0001028569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4465736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2203453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048054824","doi":"10.1175/waf1011.1","title":"A Satellite-Based Fog Detection Scheme Using Screen Air Temperature","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geostationary orbit; Environmental science; Meteorology; Satellite; Depth sounding; Lapse rate; Remote sensing; Numerical weather prediction; Daytime; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04558185910039515,"gpt":0.2370316896564841,"spread":0.191449830556089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000455976,0.00009790029,0.0001065006,0.00006596678,0.0002867097,0.00003522246,0.00004518347,0.00006501342,0.0002331915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005241279,0.00007272003,0.00003669578,0.0001776677,0.00004363861,0.00009465477,0.000004639186,0.0001189386,0.000008729944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003458287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008761961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003353254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007137075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992785,0.00002911028,0.0001655826,0.0001775602,0.0001082093,0.0002409839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995695,0.0001869854,0.00004789759,0.00007094889,0.00002563459,0.00009899495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101461,0.00001050445,0.778375,0.00001423673,0.00001082993,0.000007609973,0.0001583625,0.007633747,0.01012682,0.00004709114,9.143997e-7,0.2035134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004056306,0.0001294382,0.6420146,0.00002124363,0.00001377802,0.00001401362,0.0001055433,0.354372,0.00080073,0.001174796,0.0007376221,0.0002106186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864213,0.0004482491,0.005055589,0.00001710342,0.00006632796,0.00009658493,0.000008890055,0.00004067145,0.007845303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902785,0.000002288239,0.009292884,0.0002096173,0.0001425698,1.806111e-7,0.00001729349,0.000003387979,0.00005320923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3467382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2965437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160951749","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-13-00008.1","title":"An Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecasts from Global Numerical Models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Met Office; Florida State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Climatology; Tropical cyclone; Tropical cyclone forecast model; Global Forecast System; Meteorology; Numerical weather prediction; Environmental science; Forecast skill; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Consensus forecast; Computer science; Precipitation; Econometrics; Geology; Geography; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07067761336324065,"gpt":0.2730901871459049,"spread":0.2024125737826643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001374183,0.0001304592,0.0002238797,0.00002676088,0.0001029803,0.00006702485,0.0001495491,0.00009158378,0.002398378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005449497,0.00009366412,0.00005863217,0.0001512576,0.00009788575,0.000359842,0.00001747628,0.00009920807,0.00004352834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008016446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002938434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02927119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00126539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983709,0.0001710497,0.0002780631,0.0003020154,0.0005606009,0.0003173926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.0001115458,0.00005642477,0.0001518868,0.000125645,0.000250629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002948083,0.00002170125,0.5688253,0.000004760959,0.00001140135,8.862484e-7,0.00005247317,0.002343693,0.00007791564,0.0001133092,0.000008807543,0.4285102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002280592,0.0001094628,0.5301398,0.000005517636,0.00001430448,0.000003504716,0.00005071725,0.4530301,0.00001648934,0.01632579,0.000008926003,0.0000672968],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899001,0.0007234256,0.00637031,0.00008610389,0.00005668251,0.0002122649,0.00006252834,0.00002419909,0.002564396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948235,0.000014984,0.00489547,0.00004153001,0.0001650359,0.000005845887,0.00004395001,0.000003968151,0.000005707084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4506864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068921169","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-11-00033.1","title":"Impact of Assimilating Microwave Radiances with a Limited-Area Ensemble Data Assimilation System on Forecasts of Typhoon Morakot","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"U.S. Air Force; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Typhoon; Environmental science; Meteorology; Radiance; Data assimilation; Microwave; Precipitation; Ensemble Kalman filter; Tropical cyclone; Climatology; Track (disk drive); Kalman filter; Microwave Limb Sounder; Remote sensing; Computer science; Extended Kalman filter; Statistics; Mathematics; Troposphere; Geography; Geology; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1627023112695807,"gpt":0.2552604783939397,"spread":0.09255816712435908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003577731,0.0001421221,0.0002716085,0.00008855477,0.000105901,0.0000125242,0.0001493221,0.00006064108,0.0001730261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006275609,0.00008808139,0.00004391262,0.0001870418,0.000074742,0.0001963926,0.00001815257,0.00008573712,0.000002249155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005328979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002761516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006200647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003192083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990019,0.00006199644,0.0003187457,0.0002564942,0.0001543669,0.00020654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990238,0.0002962663,0.0002889305,0.0002518167,0.00005626217,0.00008290355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003159867,0.0000287267,0.8934575,0.00006213509,0.00006889178,0.000004690103,0.0009432973,0.009300203,0.0003345299,0.00009628943,0.00001416055,0.09537353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003533962,0.0009158216,0.6274018,0.0001468666,0.00003609689,0.00001306377,0.0002706081,0.3703136,0.0001500188,0.0002714199,0.000004367736,0.0001228761],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9433256,0.0002045017,0.001752013,0.000003201176,0.00003333975,0.0001616893,0.0001569569,0.00001889696,0.05434374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941701,0.000006709979,0.00566457,0.000007853641,0.00003098955,7.07499e-7,0.00009562433,0.000005446871,0.00001796821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3610134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3591855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116519171","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222230.1","title":"Evaluation of Alberta Hail Growth Model Using Severe Hail Proximity Soundings from the United States","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Depth sounding; Meteorology; Environmental science; Calibration; Ensemble forecasting; Climatology; Geography; Statistics; Geology; Mathematics; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.104474950009156,"gpt":0.2610352179176644,"spread":0.1565602679085084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008866196,0.00009111335,0.0001200045,0.0000325146,0.0002463296,0.00004245634,0.00008559724,0.00004241567,0.0002525953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002830473,0.000055012,0.00003025732,0.0001597827,0.00005383344,0.0001611457,0.000007119475,0.00007925842,0.000001879488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004677486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002385444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007010072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008709728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990868,0.0001298116,0.0001910216,0.0001556738,0.0002838654,0.0001528343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992071,0.0004391457,0.00009943073,0.00008680186,0.0001203103,0.0000471433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002959066,0.00001379202,0.1783018,0.000003610221,0.00002136253,1.801414e-7,0.002660549,0.796664,0.00007654841,0.0002278866,0.00001266937,0.02198804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002178331,0.00004088882,0.06894155,0.00001216064,0.00005900037,0.000001138052,0.0001851067,0.8351895,0.000005976868,0.0952697,0.000008833808,0.00006834488],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933921,0.0001785174,0.001607284,0.0001360734,0.00002458573,0.0001585089,0.00003201625,0.00001035427,0.004460549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998131,0.00000708713,0.001455651,0.0002269696,0.00003831184,4.095481e-7,0.00009875179,0.000001976897,0.0000398785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1093602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102868048","doi":"10.1175/2008waf2222175.1","title":"Medium-Range Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts from Canada’s New 33-km Deterministic Global Operational System","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Quantitative precipitation forecast; Precipitation; Environmental science; Range (aeronautics); Meteorology; Climatology; Global Forecast System; Forecast skill; Statistics; Numerical weather prediction; Mathematics; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05051030690029523,"gpt":0.2407011251106486,"spread":0.1901908182103534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001442691,0.0001395657,0.0001628103,0.000009357691,0.0002933443,0.0000280311,0.00009217052,0.00005353195,0.0002672794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104469,0.0001257222,0.00002933604,0.00007798873,0.00009363636,0.0001952575,0.00007216761,0.00006149516,0.00002155263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003196905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001506343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4299912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4364748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998888,0.00004944883,0.0002538365,0.0003095568,0.0002813925,0.0002178089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994618,0.0001935095,0.00007702089,0.000108233,0.00001404687,0.0001453311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003062577,0.0001283661,0.9312204,0.0001042531,0.0001016806,0.0001447566,0.01718825,0.01643795,0.001650092,0.004504662,0.003977924,0.02423537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013237,0.0001937856,0.5698366,0.0001394349,0.0000627468,0.0001875088,0.00145946,0.4225225,0.0001016905,0.002237927,0.001366178,0.0005685367],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985126,0.00005357599,0.004563836,0.0001229229,0.0001872553,0.0002024279,0.0002595833,0.00002923594,0.009455173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992763,0.000004342724,0.006817958,0.00009973973,0.00008061078,0.00001222846,0.00004637939,0.000009743819,0.0001659839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4060845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5738081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948447176","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-19-0003.1","title":"An NWP Model Intercomparison of Surface Weather Parameters in the European Arctic during the Year of Polar Prediction Special Observing Period Northern Hemisphere 1","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission","keywords":"Environmental science; Climatology; Meteorology; Arctic; Numerical weather prediction; Northern Hemisphere; Mesoscale meteorology; Precipitation; Terrain; Wind speed; Cloud cover; Geography; Computer science; Geology; Cloud computing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01627971474582048,"gpt":0.1915644053003536,"spread":0.1752846905545331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006239013,0.0001097777,0.000156688,0.0000191285,0.0000974346,0.00003078459,0.0002308225,0.00003181424,0.00008750108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002038413,0.00006627364,0.00005017345,0.00009714565,0.00008337272,0.0001460014,0.000020244,0.0001815851,0.000004988283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000584944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001358306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001356304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00182095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990693,0.0001534168,0.0002580017,0.0001668432,0.0001702416,0.0001821955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995297,0.0000948665,0.000128763,0.0001938428,0.00002445452,0.00002836095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004243812,0.00001857768,0.913361,0.00005194168,0.00001123752,0.000001229644,0.008824605,0.07438093,0.0002013382,0.00001098366,6.770728e-7,0.003095018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002561777,0.0001015047,0.5733891,0.00008805073,0.00001379958,0.00001607305,0.01274566,0.413148,0.00001464976,0.0001374924,0.00000787281,0.00008156331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992663,0.00005561736,0.0001811735,0.00002975814,0.00007010515,0.0001480979,0.00002835857,0.000007540199,0.006816294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991143,0.00001222941,0.0006866821,0.00001888852,0.00008851765,2.36669e-7,0.0000101629,0.000007936473,0.00006109102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3399719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2702561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2565850830","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-16-0120.1","title":"WRF Hub-Height Wind Forecast Sensitivity to PBL Scheme, Grid Length, and Initial Condition Choice in Complex Terrain","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; BC Hydro","keywords":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Terrain; Meteorology; Mesoscale meteorology; Grid; North American Mesoscale Model; Global Forecast System; Environmental science; Sensitivity (control systems); Planetary boundary layer; Wind speed; Computer science; Climatology; Geography; Geology; Geodesy; Engineering; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06326705930392733,"gpt":0.2677115830603842,"spread":0.2044445237564569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004237893,0.0001354117,0.0001929267,0.00008910476,0.0001882296,0.00004573811,0.00004239887,0.00006424593,0.0007607453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002152203,0.00008884143,0.00002468837,0.0001194661,0.0001019646,0.0002165357,0.00002249077,0.00008613777,0.00002347954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004778238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007922281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004547697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00293919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989802,0.0001104358,0.0002189202,0.0002870108,0.000113361,0.0002900856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990011,0.0006918337,0.0000524127,0.0000807301,0.00002233943,0.0001515581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007217528,0.00001793461,0.817844,0.00001413369,0.00001179048,0.00001751326,0.0005137859,0.0003786674,0.002343377,0.0001660124,0.0000866552,0.178534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007002557,0.0001761639,0.9719546,0.0000372788,0.000005997342,0.0000236791,0.00007327617,0.02350649,0.00004118822,0.001328702,0.001960968,0.0001913998],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896356,0.00004602154,0.0005113102,0.0003283293,0.00007259484,0.0001903679,0.0001593182,0.00002276056,0.009033686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982569,0.000004506926,0.001026218,0.0003320812,0.0002398586,0.000001279365,0.00005238646,0.000004164869,0.00008256193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1783426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8329628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113875587","doi":"10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0043:tsswda>2.0.co;2","title":"The S2K Severe Weather Detection Algorithms and Their Performance","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thunderstorm; Radar; Tornado; Storm; Meteorology; Nowcasting; Computer science; Severe weather; Mesocyclone; Secondary surveillance radar; Microburst; Weather radar; Remote sensing; Algorithm; 3D radar; Titan (rocket family); Doppler radar; Environmental science; Geology; Radar engineering details; Radar imaging; Geography; Wind shear; Telecommunications; Wind speed","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02722029666951267,"gpt":0.1973066278818837,"spread":0.1700863312123711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000247534,0.00008906332,0.00007890904,0.00001719704,0.0006493633,0.00006944242,0.00005148182,0.00003816518,0.00007655108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000250558,0.00004552909,0.00001975529,0.00007122104,0.00008336864,0.0001106464,0.000009426039,0.00009233619,0.00001045399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002237165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005572549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001570403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002676783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994818,0.00002344554,0.0001111577,0.0001407934,0.0000611653,0.000181661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996637,0.0001611625,0.00003508353,0.00006833595,0.00001340639,0.00005830382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002120073,0.000003580424,0.07365061,0.000005505396,0.00001040734,6.469597e-7,0.0006640912,0.004934188,0.0000554836,0.00008141417,0.000001103865,0.9205718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008135989,0.0004446668,0.7089369,0.00002673641,0.00001428039,0.0001074858,0.000921962,0.2632875,0.0001624801,0.0209641,0.004012443,0.0003079114],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864661,0.0008887397,0.0009330318,0.00009526622,0.00008035151,0.00008950868,0.000006058183,0.00002551036,0.01141544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991654,0.0001039852,0.0003321221,0.0000835836,0.00008912358,0.000001226944,0.00000267567,0.000002639489,0.0002192783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9202639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4994443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148389972","doi":"10.1175/2007waf2006017.1","title":"A Fuzzy Logic–Based Analog Forecasting System for Ceiling and Visibility","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Visibility; Ceiling (cloud); Meteorology; Aviation; Model output statistics; Wind speed; Computer science; Environmental science; Weather forecasting; Geography; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0743895940286943,"gpt":0.2542090708617749,"spread":0.1798194768330806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001647647,0.0001434021,0.0002212885,0.00007257979,0.0004478015,0.00006590507,0.00006384918,0.00008041513,0.00004245491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002719367,0.0001052114,0.00005437744,0.0001328225,0.00007820761,0.00009950876,0.00001116573,0.00009270279,0.00000188293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005829742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001112949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001404605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002926424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998801,0.00003976278,0.0003326819,0.0003339059,0.0001096962,0.0003829849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984142,0.001178192,0.0001041422,0.00009942186,0.00004882604,0.0001552262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001945757,0.00001496659,0.7630547,0.0002206378,0.00001950811,0.00001166565,0.0003217516,0.007617178,0.0001460651,0.001516069,0.000003099642,0.2268798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008654692,0.000371968,0.2320564,0.00006040716,0.00003583324,0.000027461,0.0007361729,0.7547248,0.00003879763,0.01063815,0.0001660853,0.0002784714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9479701,0.0005262962,0.02881141,0.00002722518,0.0001014595,0.0003220407,0.0000426565,0.00006551959,0.02213332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857206,0.000001311163,0.01396777,0.0001055301,0.0001402782,0.000001894255,0.00002905831,0.000004561658,0.00002903636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7471076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4290397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973814485","doi":"10.1175/2008waf2222134.1","title":"A Study of the Error Covariance Matrix of Radar Rainfall Estimates in Stratiform Rain","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Environmental science; Mesoscale meteorology; Snow; Covariance; Precipitation; Meteorology; Range (aeronautics); Covariance matrix; Data assimilation; Remote sensing; Geology; Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science; Physics; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06598461675145341,"gpt":0.2536742000659585,"spread":0.1876895833145051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003795112,0.00006301832,0.0001520777,0.00005155069,0.00008206665,0.000006291231,0.00009128202,0.00001792866,0.00009535685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007926045,0.00004017918,0.00003186179,0.0002293023,0.00005356027,0.00008005988,0.000007066033,0.00004980199,7.873515e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001284923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001948002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00119197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003634517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993492,0.00004322438,0.000245052,0.00009501799,0.0001716079,0.00009592299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996488,0.00010433,0.0001249361,0.00007765039,0.00002535607,0.00001892934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001656288,0.00002831128,0.9897752,0.0000124348,0.0000165965,0.000001863941,0.004008106,0.002096209,0.0001611858,0.00001420351,0.000004525819,0.003864756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005747,0.0001004394,0.9725971,0.00003528306,0.0000177671,0.000005456817,0.001982282,0.02417682,0.0001151062,0.0003271614,0.000006189323,0.00006167841],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997384,0.0002091519,0.00008779346,0.00002120371,0.00002284103,0.0001307671,0.000008974981,0.000004102992,0.002131234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983543,0.00000547217,0.001531244,0.000007845393,0.00000996747,6.639406e-7,0.00000259531,0.000001452529,0.00008641693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02208061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2028146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096947098","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222257.1","title":"New Developments of the Intensity-Scale Technique within the Spatial Verification Methods Intercomparison Project","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ouranos","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Bootstrapping (finance); Intensity (physics); Precipitation; Forecast verification; Forecast skill; Storm; Environmental science; Statistics; Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Meteorology; Computer science; Econometrics; Mathematics; Geography; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06380846997820007,"gpt":0.2907315670378814,"spread":0.2269230970596814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000615699,0.00006709745,0.0001084778,0.00002262084,0.0001625774,0.00002195004,0.0001314453,0.00003587523,0.00005021101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000107387,0.00003170971,0.00002598422,0.0001533086,0.00004370028,0.00004588556,0.00001220408,0.0001112751,0.000001226977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002121223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002651935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007631125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002635724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993783,0.0001174034,0.0002152776,0.0001137003,0.00008290438,0.00009242164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996184,0.0001104321,0.0001135138,0.0001048258,0.00002819551,0.00002461193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006342273,0.00001146504,0.3144979,0.000005756867,0.00001146714,1.724695e-7,0.003102323,0.0009258032,0.002163965,0.000219232,0.00005687463,0.6789417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001141561,0.0001121316,0.9515897,0.00002460929,0.00001328416,0.000007710387,0.0002736737,0.03824865,0.002358834,0.006647158,0.0005276708,0.00008239238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.76858,0.0001480189,0.2111972,0.0003258942,0.0002074164,0.0006089583,0.000005053801,0.0000314695,0.01889603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9365619,0.000001393859,0.06317797,0.0001145699,0.00003192305,9.893929e-7,0.000003837675,0.000001112658,0.0001062752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6788592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1293084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094048686","doi":"10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0795:lbisoa>2.0.co;2","title":"Lake Breezes in Southern Ontario and Their Relation to Tornado Climatology","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tornado; Climatology; Sea breeze; Mesoscale meteorology; Storm; Fujita scale; Geology; Geostationary orbit; Shore; Meteorology; Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Severe weather; Convergence zone; Environmental science; Satellite; Geography; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03762903905842724,"gpt":0.2055994726994469,"spread":0.1679704336410197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002443243,0.00007100317,0.0001112709,0.00004360982,0.00009652424,0.0000228393,0.00002616125,0.00004520219,0.001127581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006848823,0.00004898065,0.00001093464,0.00007459005,0.00002491237,0.00005278994,0.000004871405,0.00007697323,0.00001668827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002205486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009699073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00362726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3331536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999473,0.00005255338,0.0001341086,0.0001482337,0.00003509546,0.0001569488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996861,0.0001663545,0.0000252524,0.00004705207,0.000008554471,0.00006670554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001133126,0.000003190214,0.9734358,0.000001796637,0.000002330897,0.000001310137,0.003655651,0.001053138,0.000009419507,0.0003118714,0.000001751673,0.02151242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002387901,0.00008889967,0.9802728,0.000007131281,0.000002697612,0.00001453059,0.0007849942,0.004786249,0.000001439854,0.009679478,0.004021253,0.0001017855],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9631924,0.0001819534,0.0001656265,0.00005481439,0.00003914929,0.00008231972,0.000009806649,0.000009311038,0.03626462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986578,0.000004157935,0.0007807308,0.000145372,0.000012493,7.527957e-7,0.000008146568,0.00000175709,0.000388811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3295263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121141437","doi":"10.1175/waf884.1","title":"Alternatives to the Chi-Square Test for Evaluating Rank Histograms from Ensemble Forecasts","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Histogram; Rank (graph theory); Mathematics; Statistics; Statistical hypothesis testing; Econometrics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2340837015960262,"gpt":0.4178356942781782,"spread":0.183751992682152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002532698,0.0002229735,0.0002892849,0.0001170689,0.0007458444,0.0003561977,0.0006593839,0.00006871972,0.0001007501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003891003,0.0001394979,0.000152201,0.0004152799,0.00008852137,0.000182645,0.0002074323,0.0001462952,0.00005354969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004413135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002705096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001665832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004364563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976441,0.00006922308,0.0006502468,0.0006395954,0.0005991876,0.0003976787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954261,0.003302077,0.0002960564,0.0005444625,0.0002924935,0.0001388694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002978888,0.00004000886,0.003777865,0.000003101138,0.00001160675,3.197964e-7,0.002492093,0.0004847805,0.001428484,0.001139987,0.003824159,0.9867678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001062842,0.0006307725,0.00597923,0.0001731129,0.00005906553,0.00003129696,0.001618096,0.6661225,0.003017212,0.06792189,0.2527633,0.0006206259],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6217141,0.0004540306,0.360691,0.004879436,0.000179363,0.001603902,0.0002034791,0.0001968867,0.01007772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8552596,0.000004438144,0.1417633,0.0004602647,0.0005509119,0.000327727,0.0000112689,0.00003232761,0.001590162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9861472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5736508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129682235","doi":"10.1175/waf982.1","title":"A Synoptic Climatology and Composite Analysis of the Alberta Clipper","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"Climatology; Geology; Cyclone (programming language); Extratropical cyclone; Ridge; Boreal; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01961885032484687,"gpt":0.2333917006149765,"spread":0.2137728502901297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003912659,0.00006117768,0.0001491709,0.0000281497,0.00009536157,0.000007754717,0.00005901874,0.00003952837,0.000139571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003528686,0.00004047313,0.00004915354,0.0002195517,0.0002024726,0.000039555,0.0001500198,0.00005055128,0.00000187978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001084895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001069351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009717745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002283836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994346,0.00002321233,0.0001724242,0.0001522544,0.00006863086,0.0001488049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995268,0.0002518681,0.00005914225,0.0001226369,0.000003183735,0.00003638408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001141648,0.00001892252,0.9918822,0.000007782271,0.00004687611,4.369639e-7,0.00107863,0.0006270747,0.003073753,0.0004839593,0.000001825183,0.002767125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001984819,0.00002629321,0.8718724,0.00001398657,0.0003388588,0.00002218552,0.0001860938,0.1262733,0.0001902595,0.0005652677,0.000209129,0.0001037694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.981673,0.00003013024,0.0004634139,0.00006439092,0.00001845849,0.00006159418,0.000002596837,0.000003802566,0.01768262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993129,0.000006504078,0.0004498983,0.00009095151,0.000004005583,9.872714e-7,8.697592e-7,0.000003739396,0.0001301855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1256462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1650446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120093922","doi":"10.1175/waf895.1","title":"Warm Season Lightning Probability Prediction for Canada and the Northern United States","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geopotential height; Meteorology; Environmental science; Lightning (connector); Forecast verification; Lightning detection; Climatology; Statistics; Precipitable water; Forecast skill; Numerical weather prediction; Mathematics; Precipitation; Geography; Thunderstorm; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009007610266611257,"gpt":0.1772872393407213,"spread":0.16827962907411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005381063,0.00008728046,0.00009578737,0.000008328375,0.0002289174,0.00003044564,0.00004999362,0.00002419099,0.0000163442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009112147,0.0000553547,0.00001539622,0.00007077095,0.00008101413,0.00008525606,0.00004243935,0.00005729558,0.000001104398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009217481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2676173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.717118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993547,0.00004937617,0.0001333473,0.0001783395,0.0001122646,0.0001719984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995328,0.0002645805,0.00005811111,0.00008580175,0.000008715011,0.00005003559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000120767,0.00002084009,0.826558,0.00007640291,0.00002515784,7.726007e-7,0.003907105,0.00656901,0.0002233832,0.00004239251,0.0003701832,0.162086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001011511,0.00005651958,0.03429481,0.00003616168,0.00002003537,0.00001513302,0.00022009,0.9479131,0.0001623547,0.0003030273,0.01584265,0.0001245878],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978638,0.00007752886,0.0003798957,0.000402709,0.00004776471,0.0004888047,0.00002007504,0.00002377707,0.0006956899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991744,0.000004091535,0.0004069408,0.0001020437,0.00006641504,0.00004923381,0.000009626311,0.00001086319,0.0001764237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9413441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7372597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063091370","doi":"10.1175/2010waf2222401.1","title":"The Canadian Regional Data Assimilation and Forecasting System","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Data assimilation; Meteorology; Computer science; Spherical harmonics; Environmental science; Errors-in-variables models; Variable (mathematics); Mathematics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1133382856328241,"gpt":0.2372557081907364,"spread":0.1239174225579123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007960928,0.00007666129,0.00008206343,0.00003176203,0.001292228,0.0001778203,0.0001395709,0.00005766063,0.00007544365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000196642,0.0000464385,0.00001112174,0.00006782051,0.0001007141,0.0001505149,0.00002010637,0.0001610936,0.000004902103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002598776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003414579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02594105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5254676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999267,0.00003736477,0.0001635102,0.0001997748,0.0001090134,0.0002233548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990357,0.0005401614,0.00006179549,0.0001746164,0.0000258646,0.0001619082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001145446,0.000001212241,0.7143067,0.00001044625,0.00001094298,0.000003667636,0.0001655911,0.0004237371,0.00001989301,0.003824977,0.00008040812,0.281141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009032027,0.00001606137,0.449161,0.000007322135,0.000006439234,0.00003396254,0.0001190753,0.5436777,2.773703e-7,0.001118493,0.005695538,0.00007382197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9379238,0.0003398071,0.0001146535,0.0004305934,0.0002289928,0.0001370123,0.00006875424,0.00002721061,0.0607292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998348,0.000004820974,0.001190422,0.00007861621,0.0001839366,6.462371e-7,0.00007786538,0.000002543451,0.0001131467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.543254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9938903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060920842","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-12-00114.1","title":"Impact of Radiosonde Balloon Drift on Numerical Weather Prediction and Verification","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Radiosonde; Numerical weather prediction; Meteorology; Data assimilation; Alphanumeric; Environmental science; Troposphere; Computer science; Stratosphere; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02951624445568264,"gpt":0.2272493754471012,"spread":0.1977331309914186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119849,0.00008086546,0.0001172184,0.00003829301,0.00009001661,0.00002711121,0.00003424102,0.0000470524,0.001298329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004556722,0.00005261581,0.00003354309,0.00007162659,0.00004570818,0.000118311,0.000003878022,0.00006484178,0.00001761913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002512667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005352055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004994044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006214576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999443,0.00003997484,0.000151731,0.0001509159,0.00008657045,0.0001278158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996318,0.0001400024,0.00005701441,0.00007137212,0.00001937932,0.00008049695],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002605631,0.00001563821,0.8972089,0.000005201508,0.000016195,2.273275e-7,0.0002534115,0.003477208,0.000444856,0.0001179387,0.00002787982,0.09840644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000161204,0.0003543227,0.8304052,0.000006629949,0.000006550373,0.000003085615,0.00003069945,0.1678031,0.00000664571,0.00112973,0.00004258212,0.00005027376],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868157,0.0001576177,0.0005739144,0.00002998631,0.00003207144,0.0001330892,0.00002016978,0.00001766178,0.0122198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992936,0.00001533422,0.0004978988,0.00002537009,0.00004993823,0.000001610656,0.00001957914,0.000002594321,0.00009409061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1643259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065189700","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222198.1","title":"Analysis of Intense Poleward Water Vapor Transports into High Latitudes of Western North America","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Anticyclone; Climatology; Zonal and meridional; Water vapor; Latitude; Precipitation; Environmental science; Subtropics; Middle latitudes; Geology; Geography; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0167888331758925,"gpt":0.2188084670106977,"spread":0.2020196338348052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001327801,0.00008593148,0.000261159,0.00005346026,0.00003612974,0.000005276498,0.00006518055,0.00002913424,0.000291734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006562643,0.00005997808,0.00007743548,0.0001869245,0.000118123,0.0000806462,0.0000288445,0.00003985529,0.000001991244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001310508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001568144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00237475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00111194,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992842,0.00001583482,0.0002664959,0.0001764902,0.0001179818,0.0001389659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997172,0.00002650555,0.00007217595,0.000131556,0.000009351204,0.00004319117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003036357,0.00005635837,0.9565759,0.0000149482,0.00006820045,0.000002156913,0.007658058,0.0106002,0.007006234,0.000006643723,9.397413e-7,0.01797994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001945699,0.0001680704,0.9856522,0.00001974872,0.0003416775,0.00000151016,0.000153328,0.01116395,0.00152844,0.0005652492,0.00006882143,0.0001424386],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979448,0.00001096926,0.001321074,0.00006407578,0.000009713289,0.00005949078,0.0000130739,0.000009535006,0.0005672501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988674,0.00001076032,0.0009762722,0.00007054948,0.000005584197,0.000001291313,0.00001777666,0.000004250669,0.00004612656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02907624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3589927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999065794","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-19-0085.1","title":"Characterizing and Predicting Marine Fog Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research; Impact; Barrie Urology Group","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Submarine pipeline; Visibility; Advection; Wind speed; Meteorology; Fog; Atmospheric sciences; Troposphere; Climatology; Oceanography; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04200792948773585,"gpt":0.2108172445902296,"spread":0.1688093151024938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001380926,0.0000952845,0.0001428258,0.00001930445,0.0002122555,0.00008750005,0.00003326342,0.00003696154,0.0003390054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008790974,0.00007084145,0.0000127187,0.00006383612,0.00005448044,0.0001390667,0.00002570635,0.00009518889,0.000002921052],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.24994e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003676191,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003452207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003107649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993899,0.00002274181,0.0001426174,0.0002122879,0.00006714542,0.0001653224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995689,0.0001749138,0.0000450158,0.00003756823,0.00000932107,0.000164307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001725872,0.000001376641,0.859145,0.00002068047,0.000007022812,0.000003496003,0.0008838002,0.00003347099,0.00009327959,0.00005096477,0.000001764133,0.1397418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002451328,0.0001100996,0.856111,0.000009084621,0.00001141758,0.00001476638,0.0002150012,0.1420953,0.000001833182,0.0004698566,0.0006247128,0.00009183784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877704,0.0003682104,0.00007993718,0.0004571488,0.00003012351,0.00008785993,0.000017883,0.00003282948,0.0111556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982163,0.00003400879,0.0009704234,0.0005231476,0.0001732611,4.929052e-7,0.00002191558,0.000003263406,0.00005717016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1420618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3711872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996769351","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222337.1","title":"High-Resolution GEM-LAM Application in Marine Fog Prediction: Evaluation and Diagnosis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Meteorology; Boundary layer; Energy balance; Water vapor; High resolution; Condensation; Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Remote sensing; Geology; Physics; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03735472230998992,"gpt":0.2375622449576836,"spread":0.2002075226476936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004576897,0.00006730368,0.00008868818,0.00005559552,0.0001227517,0.00002829858,0.00002755813,0.00004593614,0.0002701414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006713367,0.00005455315,0.00001107148,0.0001221507,0.00002312885,0.0001341468,0.000004310411,0.00006057696,0.000004465147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004898062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000472641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003986499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004582762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993709,0.00004457916,0.0001648145,0.0001794702,0.0001182987,0.0001219133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997171,0.0001110405,0.00004422834,0.00005823715,0.00002264122,0.00004682285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001139651,0.000007959489,0.567641,0.00000222317,0.000001435584,2.324673e-7,0.00007524052,0.009432718,0.00001488439,0.0002362379,0.000004436796,0.4225722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002371406,0.00008615734,0.6628945,0.000004409434,0.000007812377,0.000001781752,0.00001997526,0.3239324,0.000002534989,0.01269432,0.00007748196,0.00004151587],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916936,0.0003276745,0.0006574365,0.0002066652,0.00003828854,0.0002476087,0.000009869222,0.00002202224,0.00679679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983283,0.00004197102,0.001331113,0.00008556945,0.00009063488,0.000008586811,0.00008881566,0.000001205144,0.00002377129],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4225307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2957859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096562224","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222192.1","title":"Deterministic Ensemble Forecasts Using Gene-Expression Programming*","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BC Hydro; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Gene expression programming; Ensemble forecasting; Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Numerical weather prediction; Genetic programming; Ensemble learning; Population; Ensemble average; Statistics; Algorithm; Meteorology; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Climatology; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06700784248881043,"gpt":0.2567118239727634,"spread":0.189703981483953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001866116,0.0001170451,0.000145538,0.00004511094,0.0002973661,0.00006973926,0.00006986202,0.00005706462,0.0002113636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006321513,0.00008446741,0.00003907689,0.0001002716,0.00003933855,0.0001106457,0.00000743188,0.00008006825,0.000009574917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002248245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009150347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003505551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002177094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991466,0.00003757721,0.0001929966,0.0002208864,0.000115601,0.0002863784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995795,0.0001174401,0.00006618854,0.00009393803,0.0000189408,0.0001239688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003820542,0.00001799601,0.1072872,0.000008196183,0.000004668478,0.00001719126,0.0002751651,0.005442949,0.002801932,0.0000599668,0.00000479356,0.8840417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006849308,0.0007932654,0.2423269,0.00006557843,0.0000423148,0.0001356516,0.0001190667,0.735347,0.0008143512,0.01831784,0.0008457525,0.0005073479],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983714,0.0002585322,0.006304387,0.00001939087,0.00006149195,0.0001351866,0.0000061091,0.00004331687,0.009457625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731128,0.000003588478,0.02655577,0.0001148752,0.0001127631,4.703941e-7,0.00001386052,0.000002781143,0.00008305382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8835344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3444481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092541402","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-20-0082.1","title":"Skill of Global Raw and Postprocessed Ensemble Predictions of Rainfall in the Tropics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Klaus Tschira Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Climatology; Tropics; Environmental science; Precipitation; Probabilistic logic; Meteorology; Forecast skill; Convection; Tropical cyclone; Arid; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03029879643937051,"gpt":0.2298144166000816,"spread":0.1995156201607111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001412406,0.00004285352,0.00008163472,0.000003500131,0.00003149518,0.000005224439,0.00005130679,0.00002378362,0.00002470963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006869096,0.00003034741,0.00001437709,0.0001091382,0.00009466107,0.00004960232,0.00005164803,0.00003726845,3.180407e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007519645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003178215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002215722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001362954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999603,0.00002001597,0.0001318286,0.00009834214,0.00007266677,0.00007414418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998247,0.00005861745,0.00003972807,0.00004918705,0.000003734456,0.00002405262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006527574,0.00009741293,0.9547592,0.000126637,0.000009116539,0.000001539886,0.02231369,0.004777351,0.007165141,0.001380054,0.00003100412,0.009273585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001501107,0.0005019934,0.6758831,0.00007852725,0.00004813139,0.00002650549,0.004083686,0.3066079,0.0004819971,0.01029053,0.0002956092,0.0002009423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912398,0.00003667373,0.001365623,0.0003144518,0.00000645105,0.00008872098,0.00001205669,0.00000422443,0.006931939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994189,0.0000138105,0.0004316246,0.0001187701,0.000008099322,0.000002135485,8.126182e-7,0.000001965591,0.000003870812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3018306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1237531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101037287","doi":"10.1175/2007waf2006107.1","title":"Hydrometeorological Accuracy Enhancement via Postprocessing of Numerical Weather Forecasts in Complex Terrain","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; BC Hydro (Canada)","funders":"BC Hydro","keywords":"Quantitative precipitation forecast; Hydrometeorology; Terrain; Precipitation; Forecast verification; Statistics; Forecast skill; Computer science; Environmental science; Meteorology; Mathematics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07268140747512974,"gpt":0.2565000533654377,"spread":0.183818645890308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003204998,0.0001591036,0.0003244726,0.00009640811,0.0001784985,0.00001481565,0.0001227689,0.00007605719,0.002178167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000152223,0.0001135438,0.00005640114,0.0002510342,0.000161153,0.00014395,0.00002397644,0.0001425882,0.00001391324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004726779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001340821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003139132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006431722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986558,0.00009330161,0.0004315555,0.0002853189,0.0001907838,0.0003432209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991956,0.0004354995,0.0001355717,0.0001035746,0.00002504271,0.0001046897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105171,0.00008539869,0.7752106,0.00002540277,0.00001629414,0.00002340095,0.001637148,0.003034233,0.001494592,0.00003758507,0.00001120218,0.218319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005592456,0.0004531609,0.7449204,0.00001983665,0.00000748037,0.00006159123,0.00009136852,0.2503543,0.00007749947,0.003049488,0.0002054393,0.0002002062],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797789,0.000292848,0.005732007,0.00007733403,0.00003126101,0.0001586968,0.00001014051,0.00001984995,0.01389893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946952,0.00001820882,0.004970594,0.0001649197,0.00004455245,0.000002393629,0.00003085617,0.000004556024,0.00006874609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2473201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008233968","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-19-0107.1","title":"Regional September Sea Ice Forecasting with Complex Networks and Gaussian Processes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Arctic; Sea ice; Climatology; Arctic ice pack; Environmental science; Teleconnection; Lead (geology); Hindcast; Meteorology; Geology; Oceanography; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05160153516800603,"gpt":0.2099362111793039,"spread":0.1583346760112979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001185887,0.0001659492,0.0001811321,0.00001950517,0.0003393153,0.00008447887,0.00007067926,0.0000482645,0.0002319726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003957631,0.0001181762,0.00001897326,0.0001752017,0.0001514904,0.0001960852,0.00002060523,0.0001602848,0.000004756216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001734647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003020338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001924532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000474178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990753,0.00002404406,0.0001629861,0.0002902195,0.0001445916,0.0003028501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994119,0.0002061257,0.00009108887,0.00005290608,0.00004030499,0.0001976494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001058156,0.000005072356,0.9423498,0.0001665098,0.0000311371,0.00003061086,0.00122406,0.004686034,0.000001653882,0.0000479123,0.0001338966,0.05121751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004144748,0.0002161657,0.109863,0.0001079716,0.00003511587,0.0003502623,0.001358259,0.8849776,7.100434e-7,0.0001466853,0.002269165,0.0002606367],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.948361,0.0006154546,0.01443608,0.001193581,0.00004274993,0.0002444631,0.00003459001,0.00009402803,0.03497799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939125,0.00003858793,0.004564148,0.001076292,0.0002416942,9.710162e-7,0.00005451066,0.000009357082,0.0001020011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8802916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4819085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968127406","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-11-00071.1","title":"Synoptic-Scale Analysis of Freezing Rain Events in Montreal, Quebec, Canada","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Anticyclone; Trough (economics); Frontogenesis; Climatology; Synoptic scale meteorology; Siberian High; Cyclogenesis; Cyclone (programming language); Precipitation; Cold front; Pressure system; Geology; Geostrophic wind; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; East Asia; Geography; Meteorology; Oceanography; Mesoscale meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03673123802271584,"gpt":0.2003308455415487,"spread":0.1635996075188328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001895449,0.00006465218,0.0001885712,0.00009556879,0.00004937014,0.000003588109,0.00006182413,0.00002685068,0.001038362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004170978,0.00004895471,0.00003295431,0.000304206,0.00002252515,0.00005428414,0.000006678313,0.00004818249,9.765757e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004069515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002020119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9432752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9974084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993792,0.00004257323,0.0002069363,0.0001270117,0.00009076316,0.0001535264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996442,0.0001497859,0.00006056728,0.00007162539,0.00001401525,0.00005977999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001185067,0.000006881255,0.9788451,0.000003764489,0.0000427225,0.000002503164,0.0007041131,0.007680425,0.00001098482,0.00001308178,0.000004310167,0.0126743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000965142,0.00001596951,0.8880284,0.000005516346,0.00004779847,2.61414e-7,0.0002437865,0.111011,0.000005002424,0.0004767084,0.00001414696,0.00005491513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693894,0.000131196,0.00009731527,0.00001176435,0.00002507482,0.00004896842,0.0000213604,0.000004069028,0.03027085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992523,0.000003764655,0.000335874,0.00003221564,0.00000868712,4.430901e-7,0.00001670471,0.000001022328,0.0003490154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1033306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137090782","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-20-0195.1","title":"WRF Precipitation Performance and Predictability for Systematically Varied Parameterizations over Complex Terrain","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Hydro (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Mitacs; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; BC Hydro; Compute Canada","keywords":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Precipitation; Terrain; Environmental science; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Climatology; Predictability; Meteorology; Geography; Mathematics; Geology; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06129582206822754,"gpt":0.2458000978596973,"spread":0.1845042757914698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003013339,0.00007615052,0.0001445182,0.00001920211,0.0002530249,0.00007100609,0.000031224,0.00003919351,0.0003879261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003332119,0.00005810221,0.00002257652,0.00007641893,0.00005877466,0.0001225359,0.000009388253,0.00004050622,0.000001502105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001836572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001224173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001761632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006164864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992965,0.0000674305,0.0002244431,0.0001908065,0.00007955982,0.0001412348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990899,0.0006618829,0.00005188682,0.00007887761,0.00004853042,0.000068939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004861445,0.00002510959,0.9559867,0.0004074039,0.00002979261,7.529256e-7,0.001388474,0.005706546,0.0003743085,0.0009879426,0.00002081358,0.03502354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001749997,0.00007506883,0.5335739,0.00001631271,0.00001256359,0.000004037734,0.00007236008,0.4636157,0.0000028815,0.002309203,0.00008914966,0.00005384167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756503,0.00007514671,0.01934298,0.00006360882,0.00004650112,0.0002732333,0.00008599689,0.00002209004,0.00444014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882226,0.000005424088,0.01138053,0.0000892396,0.0000388693,0.000007310766,0.0001390642,0.000002396697,0.0001145705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4579091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4247519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168746205","doi":"10.1175/2010waf2222387.1","title":"Investigating the Potential of Using Radar Echo Reflectivity to Nowcast Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Initiation over Southern Ontario","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Depth sounding; Radar; Meteorology; Echo (communications protocol); Environmental science; Reflectivity; Storm; Atmospheric electricity; Thunderstorm; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Physics; Electric field; Optics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0218763078144643,"gpt":0.239949716372532,"spread":0.2180734085580676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000385929,0.0001626557,0.000189593,0.00006141145,0.000378215,0.00009887025,0.0001158824,0.00003943864,0.00008664473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002574094,0.0001256027,0.0000548844,0.0001810438,0.00004533433,0.00009860016,0.00009514101,0.000315863,0.000004350357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002981095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007896607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01605831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002298323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989936,0.00004093116,0.0002561518,0.000246689,0.0001590924,0.0003035258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994364,0.00007323187,0.0001502344,0.0001741232,0.00005503909,0.0001109693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003002551,0.00005376823,0.1530708,0.00001492141,0.00007460239,8.719944e-7,0.03751199,0.0006513493,0.7876083,0.001886456,0.0000192851,0.0190777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01069954,0.003281648,0.4746796,0.002009145,0.001436637,0.0002234605,0.03469342,0.1417983,0.145353,0.1746554,0.004169307,0.007000455],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870084,0.000007213592,0.005094844,0.00005639563,0.0001961355,0.000172526,0.000009077244,0.00001746864,0.007437967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924319,3.629765e-8,0.006511363,0.00007355862,0.0006831842,0.00000778749,0.000003751305,0.00002505816,0.0002633843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6422552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9904938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103552908","doi":"10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0152:aafrml>2.0.co;2","title":"Analyzing and Forecasting Rocky Mountain Lee Cyclogenesis Often Associated with Strong Winds","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cyclogenesis; Climatology; Meteorology; Environmental science; Geography; Geology; Cyclone (programming language); Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02760967487134557,"gpt":0.213794204490435,"spread":0.1861845296190894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005970716,0.0002024269,0.0002463178,0.00003375399,0.0004000483,0.00007849391,0.00008781982,0.00008837369,0.0006370962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007576402,0.0001673599,0.0000381912,0.0001963526,0.0001521699,0.0002659559,0.00009739014,0.0001292658,0.000006147114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008405802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000625096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005867337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004873317,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986353,0.00006027772,0.0002714438,0.0004298039,0.0001781145,0.0004250754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994386,0.0001943579,0.00009869728,0.0001402147,0.000009166374,0.0001189153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005991243,0.00004929717,0.8235348,0.00001648016,0.00004903079,0.000009444733,0.001070225,0.01365083,0.001487497,0.00003553296,0.00001037694,0.1600265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002097512,0.0003637405,0.406204,0.0002710023,0.000196984,0.0001180427,0.0008783849,0.5867544,0.000228424,0.001398888,0.0004648369,0.001023791],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9812785,0.00007746206,0.0005869947,0.00005467293,0.00001045058,0.0001474689,0.00001437395,0.00005125868,0.01777877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979224,0.00001956038,0.001243933,0.00007039534,0.00003200891,0.0000112848,0.000009813353,0.00002700119,0.0006636352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5731035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6975756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939958410","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-18-0154.1","title":"Long-Duration Freezing Rain Events over North America: Regional Climatology and Thermodynamic Evolution","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Advection; Climatology; Environmental science; Radiosonde; Freezing rain; Troposphere; Warm front; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Precipitation; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02410933592855202,"gpt":0.2159379173032462,"spread":0.1918285813746942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001256715,0.00008581093,0.0001237544,0.00004234979,0.0001472662,0.00001583316,0.00004067879,0.00004463425,0.0005995493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002703684,0.0000649053,0.000023219,0.00008451724,0.00004130273,0.0001446502,0.0000106468,0.00007762281,0.00002697607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003793724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006202848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002408527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006609361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993138,0.0000604928,0.0001679348,0.0001968069,0.000088806,0.0001721808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996436,0.0001397225,0.00008408407,0.00006527625,0.00001406626,0.00005327316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002297413,0.000004083643,0.9829853,0.000008415596,0.000007733292,7.996378e-7,0.0001552842,0.001540007,0.00005767998,0.0001579131,0.000003221089,0.01505664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001673037,0.00005623747,0.710224,0.000005033876,0.000005080858,0.000008309543,0.00004963978,0.2869538,1.009145e-7,0.002420862,0.00004474305,0.00006484524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994319,0.0003214178,0.001788356,0.00005073919,0.00007667692,0.0001263758,0.00001309019,0.00001893889,0.003285406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993556,0.0000222056,0.0002766691,0.00008375861,0.00004241779,8.311046e-7,0.00007367916,0.000002684373,0.0001421317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2854138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6564645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086327191","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-20-0060.1","title":"Verification of Solid Precipitation Forecasts from Numerical Weather Prediction Models in Norway","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Horizon 2020; Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission","keywords":"Quantitative precipitation forecast; Precipitation; Environmental science; Mesoscale meteorology; Quantitative precipitation estimation; Meteorology; Climatology; Model output statistics; Quality (philosophy); Numerical weather prediction; Computer science; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0642939664429564,"gpt":0.2323853426043769,"spread":0.1680913761614205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001355785,0.00008422707,0.0001580434,0.00003587439,0.00005282951,0.0000127668,0.00005822194,0.00005898772,0.0005119538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007319278,0.00006838033,0.0000293943,0.0001541789,0.00003083393,0.0002130469,0.000006846694,0.00008270935,0.00001252789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002731622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000850705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002862377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006830148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991949,0.00005977109,0.000283851,0.0002104165,0.0001211218,0.0001299539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995728,0.0001749194,0.00008996025,0.00006167009,0.00002394254,0.00007674491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002056824,0.00003266149,0.4839696,0.00002138799,0.00002034554,0.000001425107,0.006693759,0.3423324,0.001297939,0.0002843871,0.0000177106,0.1651227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002167974,0.0001109588,0.2899476,0.00000921198,0.000006430208,3.194047e-7,0.0001270846,0.7036981,0.00003141808,0.005767589,0.00003177587,0.00005274669],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681952,0.0001942287,0.02452594,0.0001125603,0.00004854776,0.0001576789,0.0001474564,0.00001893971,0.006599449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972459,0.00001260397,0.002467049,0.00007610022,0.00008298613,0.00000223748,0.0000914073,0.000003496638,0.00001822241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3613657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5605536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1900985060","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-14-00081.1","title":"An Evaluation of Analog-Based Postprocessing Methods across Several Variables and Forecast Models","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Forecast verification; Robustness (evolution); Computer science; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Statistics; Mean squared error; Wind speed; Kalman filter; Forecast skill; Meteorology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2247783842284873,"gpt":0.3653986791228745,"spread":0.1406202948943872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002931107,0.00009442001,0.0001654139,0.00003943486,0.0001621088,0.00006164274,0.00005762314,0.00005664898,0.00007417204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001641408,0.00006957748,0.00001819445,0.0001244074,0.00008347571,0.000325788,0.000007941854,0.00005853192,3.705343e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003255825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004495966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003737008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001624651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989559,0.0002465421,0.0002049416,0.0001977049,0.0002106394,0.000184275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993132,0.0002181951,0.00009273552,0.00008388019,0.0001540356,0.0001379192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005315695,0.00001170286,0.1020844,0.00001458983,0.000008455671,3.677412e-7,0.001443565,0.5796013,0.0000709844,0.0001035066,9.356964e-7,0.316607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004786747,0.000175586,0.03463006,0.00001160548,0.00002762203,0.000004080408,0.000444295,0.928686,0.00002329657,0.03542225,0.000008180571,0.00008837296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9272998,0.0006568682,0.06637368,0.00001503862,0.00003870627,0.0001082474,0.00003136075,0.00001758129,0.005458694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.940295,0.000001536731,0.05956444,0.00005297792,0.00003483444,0.000001067265,0.00003897316,0.000002899826,0.000008272943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3490847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2837287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2958387125","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-18-0176.1","title":"Impacts of Hydrometeor Drift on Orographic Precipitation: Two Case Studies of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers in British Columbia, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Orographic lift; Environmental science; Orography; Climatology; Precipitation types; Storm; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02337967649107644,"gpt":0.2248352275117694,"spread":0.201455551020693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002329942,0.00005788139,0.0002228187,0.00001410716,0.00006552698,0.00001957542,0.00004221697,0.00002363956,0.0002903191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009346606,0.00006350707,0.00002657085,0.0002277896,0.00005200543,0.00006587157,0.000006436683,0.00006266734,6.249535e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004617866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003085044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7616224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9818493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992962,0.00005029533,0.0002399785,0.0001412796,0.0001206693,0.0001515564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992204,0.0005247543,0.0001067555,0.0000616409,0.00003608508,0.00005041008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009821052,0.00000789608,0.9660162,0.00004009786,0.00002243685,0.00005259958,0.000350432,0.01805875,0.00001043453,0.000003977171,0.000003159433,0.01542422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007018549,0.0003763216,0.9636549,0.0001069685,0.00001478607,0.0000560238,0.001511388,0.03273221,0.000003062393,0.0007107173,0.00001604879,0.0001156755],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976553,0.000680687,0.000003270175,0.000004786803,0.00007351259,0.0001454929,0.00003651158,0.000004612032,0.001395857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992175,0.00003116692,0.0006557732,0.00002339932,0.00001201502,6.711775e-7,0.000007548637,0.00000222498,0.00004975954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2202269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.317879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084998149","doi":"10.1175/2009waf2222301.1","title":"Synoptic Typing of Extreme Cool-Season Precipitation Events at St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1979–2005","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Climatology; Anticyclone; Frontogenesis; Precipitation; Advection; Cyclone (programming language); Geostrophic wind; Environmental science; Jet stream; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Mesoscale meteorology; Jet (fluid)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04075321354048889,"gpt":0.2411896287711821,"spread":0.2004364152306932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003588776,0.0001065836,0.0001398391,0.00002276079,0.000128834,0.00001354118,0.00007265333,0.00005367883,0.0005525869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006311373,0.0000960609,0.000040295,0.00007980837,0.00004788557,0.000175658,0.00006564212,0.00005880136,0.00002375136],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001185991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004346152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000219841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005224387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991446,0.00003475808,0.0002183268,0.000229267,0.0001439209,0.0002291397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996116,0.00008025481,0.0001001278,0.0001287417,0.000007486045,0.0000717987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003678328,0.0003473698,0.7570701,0.0001084188,0.00003866243,0.000003928333,0.005327431,0.01256208,0.03816353,0.0006699775,0.000283661,0.185057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001862158,0.0004467131,0.7544352,0.0003708627,0.0001083849,0.00005065,0.000312319,0.2274254,0.0003934581,0.009032356,0.004875174,0.0006873434],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835351,0.00009321027,0.001037026,0.00007018506,0.00004854911,0.0001665455,0.000009116418,0.00002142758,0.01501889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976355,0.00003163511,0.001518053,0.00005401595,0.00002823044,0.000003774481,0.00001056857,0.000008174949,0.0007099803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2148633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6050439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2408086762","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-16-0026.1","title":"Diagnosis of the Source and Evolution of Medium-Range Forecast Errors for Extratropical Cyclone Joachim","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Extratropical cyclone; Trough (economics); Climatology; Cyclone (programming language); Meteorology; Landfall; Environmental science; Middle latitudes; Tropical cyclone forecast model; Tropical cyclone; Geology; Geography; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02733195606432154,"gpt":0.2207118949922125,"spread":0.193379938927891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002687841,0.00007569523,0.0001312194,0.00001279221,0.00008672793,0.000003795891,0.00007460856,0.00005097335,0.00006765737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001508864,0.00004135839,0.0000537221,0.00005458535,0.0003197157,0.00008166475,0.0001117585,0.00003191084,4.733575e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002866056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004253141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002217262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002374768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999361,0.00002960541,0.0001928245,0.0001646156,0.0001093361,0.0001426133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994652,0.0002768991,0.00009465448,0.0001157727,0.000007946699,0.00003954536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003393606,0.00003825476,0.9611251,0.00004204419,0.000006930831,5.052051e-8,0.000641096,0.00006292138,0.009911108,0.0003556194,0.00002235888,0.02776059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00129916,0.0002157167,0.9707617,0.0002126892,0.00007393948,0.00001376298,0.0003524106,0.01300903,0.0037562,0.009398697,0.0007121463,0.0001945423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901244,0.00008414488,0.008774937,0.0002782085,0.00003562631,0.0002190535,0.00003001557,0.000006377597,0.0004472554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988225,0.00002421028,0.00100385,0.00001176192,0.00002325219,0.00002674563,3.186583e-7,0.000007896861,0.00007943415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02756605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1686546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987165306","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-12-00050.1","title":"Topographic Speed-Up Effects and Observed Roof Damage on Bermuda following Hurricane Fabian (2003)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Wind speed; Roughness length; Maximum sustained wind; Geology; Environmental science; Surface roughness; Meteorology; Wind profile power law; Boundary layer; Prevailing winds; Atmospheric sciences; Wind gradient; Oceanography; Mechanics; Materials science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04496797584611626,"gpt":0.2371503310157362,"spread":0.1921823551696199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000209782,0.0001641868,0.0002160425,0.00006984686,0.0002735069,0.00008952326,0.00009497985,0.00007713582,0.0001956626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001629643,0.0001172323,0.00005786625,0.0003103185,0.00009053091,0.0002109235,0.00002583435,0.0002286957,0.00003008273],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002766588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007823573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001384209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006522611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986787,0.00009066155,0.0001606358,0.0002474569,0.0002372054,0.0005853584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999217,0.0002437263,0.00003263974,0.0001165987,0.00001844997,0.0003715939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002961241,0.00001455654,0.8911021,0.00004342445,0.00001720463,0.00001454823,0.0001572843,0.000007151609,0.0001555291,0.0001817833,0.00002517206,0.1082516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004136735,0.0002637091,0.9957229,0.00004597652,0.00001687578,0.00001182903,0.00007632042,0.001868377,0.00005965343,0.0002636061,0.001083434,0.00017366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911548,0.001466414,0.00002659833,0.00008190593,0.0003210453,0.0001616771,0.000008343937,0.00003645774,0.006742724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988921,0.00003497575,0.0003332388,0.0001367009,0.0002545801,0.000001248668,0.00001515352,0.000006951184,0.0003249988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1080779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4780593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033249758","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-11-00114.1","title":"A Case Study of Processes Impacting Precipitation Phase and Intensity during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Precipitation; Terrain; Snow; Environmental science; Winter storm; Climatology; Storm; Freezing rain; Rain and snow mixed; Advection; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06089776144247123,"gpt":0.2654762122899429,"spread":0.2045784508474717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003165487,0.00007260825,0.0001091653,0.000026831,0.0002633322,0.00002451528,0.00002887565,0.00002200955,0.00009302902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000176613,0.000041217,0.00001197339,0.00008492637,0.00004353593,0.0002279457,0.00001435674,0.00007281656,5.678962e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001374713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000438765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005941516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00183043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994776,0.00004439269,0.0001583566,0.00009772719,0.00007216413,0.000149782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999437,0.0003152591,0.00008529544,0.00005874012,0.00004297426,0.00006070968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005371896,0.00005763051,0.9652051,0.00003141742,0.00001629312,0.000009752714,0.01936163,0.0002858165,0.00004728258,6.466871e-7,0.000003163757,0.01492758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001583031,0.0006833025,0.9149156,0.00002786729,0.00007122224,0.0005717381,0.05581095,0.02586089,0.00006443703,0.0001925448,0.00002509494,0.0001933288],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988388,0.0002358366,0.00007635215,0.000004771748,0.0001067298,0.000175157,0.000007979078,0.000009819799,0.0005445831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997158,0.00000291554,0.0001268475,0.00001602403,0.00007764752,0.000001101743,0.000001503995,0.00000205259,0.00005612595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05028946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2025365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082027331","doi":"10.1175/waf984.1","title":"Assessment of Aircraft Icing Potential and Maximum Icing Altitude from Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Data","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Icing; Environmental science; Meteorology; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite; Geostationary orbit; Satellite; Altitude (triangle); Cloud top; Remote sensing; Cloud computing; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Geography; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03229711054213093,"gpt":0.2624708046344842,"spread":0.2301736940923532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005576953,0.0001507522,0.0002386933,0.0001041483,0.00009761678,0.000029827,0.0001420876,0.0001092835,0.00001053892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007946731,0.0001322236,0.00002188022,0.0000897647,0.00007907864,0.0001317612,0.0001977297,0.0001921728,5.979282e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001711628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007692873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001823631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005589835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990087,0.00001532727,0.0003176018,0.0002592565,0.0001378089,0.0002613425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993127,0.0003069786,0.00006020867,0.0002537444,0.00002332792,0.00004305036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003119587,0.00003176542,0.127906,0.0001935851,0.0001698243,0.00007283355,0.0007653945,0.006883804,0.02635968,0.0006095789,0.00003512899,0.8369412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008176181,0.0001485719,0.6129757,0.0003272191,0.0001195608,0.00007773649,0.001570407,0.3723995,0.005720282,0.00511726,0.0002693665,0.0004568051],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7796474,0.0008551844,0.2170613,0.00002416175,0.0001059365,0.00007384818,0.00002539902,0.0002448797,0.001961864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9370554,0.0002056535,0.06257539,0.00002272878,0.00006905402,0.00000127795,0.00004022434,0.00002077056,0.000009477963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8364844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5391921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027907803","doi":"10.1175/waf915.1","title":"Spatial Forecasts of Maximum Hail Size Using Prognostic Model Soundings and HAILCAST","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Meteorology; Radar; Environmental science; Scale (ratio); Numerical weather prediction; Climatology; Grid; Global Forecast System; Geography; Computer science; Geology; Cartography; Geodesy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04178221380421882,"gpt":0.2179359625406252,"spread":0.1761537487364064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002186161,0.0001238398,0.0001978586,0.00004259814,0.0001980224,0.000046768,0.00005036377,0.00005754959,0.0001608647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009925737,0.00009517928,0.00003351984,0.00008687019,0.0001240918,0.0001248078,0.00001660977,0.00007290693,0.000001473741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002139499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001269124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001149516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005317377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991373,0.00002671783,0.000255254,0.0002084541,0.0001323346,0.0002398858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993992,0.0003318123,0.0001036882,0.00006481038,0.00002984751,0.00007064317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004223588,0.00001611473,0.9044327,0.00003993012,0.00001035631,0.000003558431,0.0002451413,0.06016035,0.0004890152,0.0003390733,0.000004159405,0.03421744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002702934,0.0000673792,0.1534611,0.00001899971,0.0000222134,0.00001251337,0.00004850446,0.8208749,0.00001232385,0.02508082,0.00001932292,0.0001116385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813834,0.0002468866,0.01052713,0.00002134342,0.00005060238,0.0001376565,0.00003320501,0.000019284,0.007580467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99115,0.000003343037,0.008575632,0.00002365829,0.00008525907,6.368279e-7,0.00001051711,0.000004775706,0.000146214],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7607146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3881299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087877798","doi":"10.1175/2007waf2007064.1","title":"Hydrometeorological Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts in Complex Terrain. Part II: Economic Evaluation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; BC Hydro (Canada)","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Division of Ocean Sciences; University of British Columbia; BC Hydro","keywords":"Quantitative precipitation forecast; Weighting; Hydrometeorology; Ensemble forecasting; Range (aeronautics); Probabilistic logic; Precipitation; Probabilistic forecasting; Meteorology; Consensus forecast; Forecast verification; Function (biology); Forecast skill; Computer science; Econometrics; Statistics; Environmental science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.084475202677863,"gpt":0.2328680683017842,"spread":0.1483928656239212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002759924,0.0001256164,0.0001543046,0.0001105408,0.0001111288,0.00002148061,0.000058716,0.00005522347,0.0001592928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001028048,0.0001178127,0.00003108117,0.00006838512,0.00002975837,0.0001327317,0.00004195117,0.00007165417,0.000007912304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005366572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002628546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001554964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006680442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992711,0.00002638155,0.0002214263,0.0001689832,0.00009190909,0.0002202034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999827,0.00002135351,0.00002035925,0.00008509917,0.00000848652,0.00003766878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003637417,0.00004175666,0.09067436,0.00005583761,0.00005460578,0.00002276051,0.004996917,0.7504472,0.0004074136,0.00009816582,0.001183712,0.151981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000411514,0.0000506331,0.01704276,0.00001336748,0.00001110117,0.00001854691,0.00004276145,0.9799931,0.00004618196,0.0001936403,0.002022814,0.000153575],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689678,0.00013765,0.0009560651,0.00001984039,0.00006652183,0.0002364976,0.000002265494,0.00008980753,0.02952354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988283,0.00004182025,0.0007810068,0.00002048789,0.00009681089,0.00003454371,0.00003944574,0.00002111528,0.0001364957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.229546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4804262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2209850620","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-15-0111.1","title":"Rapid-Scan, Polarimetric Observations of Central Oklahoma Severe Storms on 31 May 2013","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nunavut Wildlife Research Trust","keywords":"Tornado; Severe weather; Supercell; Storm; Meteorology; Azimuth; Radar; Thunderstorm; Environmental science; Polarimetry; Depth sounding; Geology; Computer science; Geography; Physics; Scattering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.121153160220389,"gpt":0.237592060994413,"spread":0.116438900774024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002569803,0.00009476937,0.0001494122,0.00008477391,0.0001146403,0.00002465083,0.00008376707,0.00005268907,0.0004525404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001530845,0.0000658686,0.00003845671,0.0002700666,0.00004824018,0.0001228753,0.000009371486,0.00009039576,0.00001977905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004994381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002939347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001754791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000277535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992152,0.00004146867,0.0001994537,0.0001536373,0.0001638508,0.000226431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993767,0.0002314886,0.00007910088,0.00009966001,0.00004335129,0.0001697481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003960323,0.00002140994,0.94845,0.000007295605,0.0000145799,0.000001532025,0.0003638523,0.01011143,0.00002102156,0.0004020003,0.000455258,0.04011198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003515987,0.0002863138,0.9682888,0.000008715498,0.00001119349,0.000004199837,0.0001779008,0.02515227,0.000006091341,0.001679577,0.003924902,0.0001084537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674729,0.0006901814,0.00009047279,0.0001285717,0.0001432141,0.0001111915,0.00006586919,0.00002080556,0.0312768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976056,0.00001349181,0.001468016,0.0001178512,0.00008487603,4.651931e-7,0.00004888691,0.000002762502,0.0006580252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04000353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092912163","doi":"10.1175/2007waf2005104.1","title":"Modeling of Two Northwest Atlantic Storms with Third-Generation Wave Models","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Storm; Nested set model; Meteorology; Environmental science; Wave model; Significant wave height; Climatology; Wind wave; Geology; Computer science; Physics; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04816608330624887,"gpt":0.2104279675902102,"spread":0.1622618842839614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000318705,0.00009990561,0.0001336681,0.00005600308,0.0001388388,0.00002797025,0.00002998602,0.00003444822,0.00001411563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000489075,0.00006459972,0.00002619548,0.00008964666,0.00003952237,0.0001577036,0.000005297086,0.00007762213,9.987559e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002105935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000125813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005645355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01327215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992813,0.00001091265,0.0001947149,0.0001593437,0.0001431723,0.000210513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997243,0.00003461906,0.00006082523,0.00007336772,0.00004165889,0.00006522612],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003844525,0.000007551436,0.06254922,0.00002519873,0.00002102678,0.00002076426,0.001348293,0.843285,0.0002378726,0.0001302634,0.000001194819,0.09233512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002312415,0.00007794313,0.003023134,0.00004595745,0.00001416037,0.00007283394,0.0002943382,0.995684,0.00008891044,0.0003562554,0.000003274397,0.0001079674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9632745,0.000209471,0.02797283,0.000006839139,0.00006340004,0.0000704035,0.000004473767,0.00001587943,0.008382249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892308,0.00001547454,0.01047853,0.00002467982,0.0001699898,3.766986e-9,0.00003073162,0.000005290476,0.00004451758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1523989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8534126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990176709","doi":"10.1175/waf-d-19-0165.1","title":"Optimal Temporal Frequency of NSSL Phased Array Radar Observations for an Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NOAA Research; Supercomputing Center for Education and Research, University of Oklahoma; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin; University of Texas at Austin; Nunavut Wildlife Research Trust; University of Oklahoma; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce","keywords":"Supercell; Data assimilation; Meteorology; Severe weather; Tornado; Radar; Weather radar; Environmental science; Storm; Thunderstorm; Convective storm detection; Nowcasting; Phased array; Geology; Remote sensing; Computer science; Geography; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08645170205118113,"gpt":0.2570832001917183,"spread":0.1706314981405372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003161129,0.0001285393,0.0002169428,0.00005106411,0.0001792553,0.00003043468,0.0001017562,0.00005689575,0.0002641403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003130053,0.0000956966,0.00006300278,0.00008932616,0.0000477501,0.0001952773,0.000002693209,0.00006106762,0.000007656897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006359045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002047793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002412556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004406529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990547,0.00004397294,0.0002842457,0.0002404188,0.0001618059,0.0002148644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993831,0.0002192667,0.0001158299,0.0001345029,0.00004822405,0.00009908113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003732415,0.0001829395,0.8939882,0.0001682674,0.00006659749,0.000001811159,0.002563837,0.01727475,0.06968614,0.005680628,0.00002946822,0.009984136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01016064,0.0154385,0.2824897,0.0004111444,0.0001523487,0.00005619328,0.01813562,0.6474055,0.01684471,0.004300445,0.002518252,0.002086903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822754,0.0001703534,0.002017124,0.00001300609,0.0001494193,0.0004275744,0.0001742898,0.00003411026,0.0147387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830892,5.22415e-7,0.01655753,0.00003308259,0.00009413458,0.000005707703,0.0001234695,0.000005885533,0.00009046236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6301308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3902394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}