{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":74,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":74,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b34bdab79336","filters":{"venue":"Weed Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2113245347","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00850.x","title":"Climate change and weed adaptation: can evolution of invasive plants lead to greater range expansion than forecasted?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; Western University","funders":"Trinity Western University","keywords":"Climate change; Invasive species; Ecology; Range (aeronautics); Weed; Habitat; Ecosystem; Population; Biology; Adaptation (eye); Phenotypic plasticity; Introduced species","authors":[{"name":"David R. Cléments","is_ca":true},{"name":"Antonio DiTommaso","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.284849381071486,"gpt":0.3192724135040932,"spread":0.03442303243260719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001733492,0.00037201,0.0004607332,0.0006762726,0.0004514612,0.001458358,0.0004979394,0.001102738,0.00506283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004976743,0.0001722963,0.0007638307,0.0008744372,0.001015148,0.001940736,0.0007300483,0.001109124,0.000380302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000669273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002895622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005542254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006603349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997086,0.0000986332,0.00002040167,0.00008588823,0.00005018711,0.00003630288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997036,0.001503742,0.000949162,0.0001017722,0.0002002809,0.0002090823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000863315,0.0002486207,0.7390318,0.001328265,0.000779362,0.002667328,0.001431011,0.032721,0.01632948,0.01230307,0.01595759,0.1763391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004552309,0.0005690508,0.8822181,0.0002939838,0.0004023746,0.001411842,0.003007434,0.04567653,0.001779188,0.05220647,0.01218815,0.0002013757],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8897098,0.03956956,0.01409126,0.03726904,0.0007793642,0.00004111651,0.001038696,0.000189871,0.01731125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899559,0.006290081,0.001424683,0.000968824,0.0002423929,0.00001298654,0.0002147724,0.00001771511,0.0008726881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005542254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01693684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983167693","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00264.x","title":"Effect of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on the composition of weed flora in a sandy soil","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Cover crop; Secale; Agronomy; Weed; Tillage; Crop; Crop rotation; Biology; Weed control; Loam; Soil water","authors":[{"name":"Anil Shrestha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stevan Z. Knežević","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. C. Roy","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. Ball‐Coelho","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04307521833730549,"gpt":0.3034258181437988,"spread":0.2603505998064933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003253319,0.0002369651,0.0002783911,0.0003532232,0.0002935071,0.0003446584,0.0002121805,0.0001173734,0.0005084334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004454044,0.0001590524,0.0001942274,0.0002691664,0.0003169692,0.0002060037,0.0002623466,0.0001437441,0.0000960709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001175879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006641412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02474551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06999078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997856,0.0000455874,0.00001603896,0.00004120647,0.000039946,0.0000715495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999428,0.0001188007,0.0001667522,0.00002914798,0.0000581565,0.0001991597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007440676,0.0006904192,0.5440358,0.0001599402,0.0002467836,0.0007018896,0.0005670615,0.001025456,0.4288793,0.00006725816,0.0001655404,0.01601981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000258508,0.001823823,0.9924853,0.000002866523,0.0000226042,0.0000822628,0.0001411836,0.0003086617,0.004852615,0.0000186305,0.0002305965,0.000005641605],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998143,0.00003665921,0.00001630884,0.00000209356,6.08749e-7,0.000003252343,0.00003770624,0.00000150932,0.00008759942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993567,0.0000888863,0.000126471,0.000007779742,0.00000163244,0.000006415194,0.0001873963,0.000001465796,0.0002231645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02474551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04920298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108346257","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00603.x","title":"Increasing weed flora in Danish arable fields and its importance for biodiversity","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Arable land; Weed; Biodiversity; Flora (microbiology); Agronomy; Geography; Biology; Agriculture; Weed control; Perennial plant; Ecology; Agroforestry","authors":[{"name":"Christian Andreasen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrik Stryhn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07661525505448954,"gpt":0.3182214637243261,"spread":0.2416062086698366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003860538,0.0001138454,0.0001554953,0.001295305,0.0006258872,0.0005611842,0.0001345123,0.0001036885,0.001436231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004881097,0.0001021901,0.0001103402,0.000875688,0.0003588635,0.000219071,0.000407509,0.0001299163,0.0001301596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008145304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006059853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02025281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06342606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997322,0.00003318,0.00002205249,0.00006370508,0.0000872168,0.00006159863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995309,0.00007697376,0.0001718573,0.00002376867,0.00008608322,0.0001105525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003613281,0.00006052627,0.90818,0.0004157266,0.00008025834,0.0008865498,0.002040789,0.0008671555,0.03367072,0.0006980916,0.0006290631,0.05210988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001622499,0.00003892928,0.9957232,0.00001404813,0.000007782655,0.0001491017,0.0006790177,0.0001219755,0.000415581,0.00006217394,0.002783115,0.000003432996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969253,0.0009384512,0.0001058625,0.00002734163,0.000005254436,0.000002277944,0.0001432865,0.000002559957,0.00184977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989102,0.0003346119,0.0001524382,0.000006884753,0.000002073112,0.000001481509,0.00009971901,9.462749e-7,0.0004916646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02025281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04026979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080438411","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00459.x","title":"Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Rogers Communications (Canada); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Species evenness; Species richness; Ordination; Agronomy; Biology; Diversity index; Digitaria sanguinalis; Species diversity; Alpha diversity; Monoculture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Anne Légère","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Craig Stevenson","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. L. Benoit","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1619763376198337,"gpt":0.3590616618436269,"spread":0.1970853242237932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004470085,0.0002091755,0.000319477,0.001049461,0.0003311195,0.0004110697,0.0001578242,0.0001971999,0.0007033689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009270096,0.0001797059,0.0001931927,0.0005634471,0.000399594,0.0003707346,0.0004575471,0.0001668981,0.0001143594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003111333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000137302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003277483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006611205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996819,0.00007666983,0.00002510793,0.00009208332,0.00004797907,0.00007609154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992682,0.0001632108,0.0002122782,0.00004564471,0.0001210252,0.0001896589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007272061,0.0001025934,0.8267435,0.00009449867,0.0001733364,0.0001828485,0.001272913,0.0002674386,0.1612696,0.00004347625,0.00007668114,0.009045796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001572609,0.00006637656,0.9993854,9.975654e-7,0.000003924418,0.00002569457,0.0001105566,0.00009535445,0.0002578482,0.000009508569,0.00004108374,0.000001738659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997564,0.00004072366,0.0000504308,0.000003039386,4.190076e-7,0.000003127241,0.00006299156,0.00000247493,0.00008032822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996197,0.00001872887,0.0001010244,0.000005218506,0.000001342371,0.000005535182,0.0001685277,0.0000013861,0.00007848498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003277483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006516814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154259622","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00687.x","title":"The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Light effects on plants","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Syngenta Canada","keywords":"Competition (biology); Weed; Biology; Agronomy; Crop; Shade avoidance; Dry weight; Specific leaf area; Shoot; Limiting; Horticulture; Botany; Photosynthesis; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"J G LIU","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kris J. Mahoney","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter H. Sikkema","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07851512099231862,"gpt":0.3696688224787369,"spread":0.2911537014864183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006185083,0.0002187043,0.0003099328,0.000293942,0.0003046168,0.0006746729,0.0003109501,0.0004012205,0.001417784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004585058,0.0002686669,0.0002202102,0.0001370616,0.0003178771,0.0004103448,0.0006816013,0.0004529313,0.0001849931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006132355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002547269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003254902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997485,0.00008589331,0.00001677597,0.0000447505,0.00005115222,0.0000529147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990694,0.0003074284,0.000256035,0.00006404674,0.00009218949,0.0002109425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001038099,0.0001007709,0.03736839,0.0001201895,0.00005910893,0.0001227772,0.0001052028,0.0005434364,0.9490677,0.0005079796,0.000171115,0.01079523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009468488,0.0008377595,0.9612572,0.00001688822,0.00006553716,0.0002013703,0.0001549624,0.006037381,0.02891125,0.001143762,0.001232644,0.00004665077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967745,0.0007795547,0.00107376,0.0001247255,0.000006564684,0.000007394484,0.00003663541,0.00000957994,0.001187271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992511,0.000106385,0.0002931376,0.00006555673,0.000005075621,0.000003397658,0.00003842805,0.000004953252,0.0002319533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002547269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005064845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003469679","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00781.x","title":"Shade avoidance: an integral component of crop–weed competition","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Weed; Competition (biology); Seedling; Crop; Shade avoidance; Agronomy; Biomass (ecology); Biology; Ecology; Mutant","authors":[{"name":"Eric R. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Tollenaar","is_ca":true},{"name":"E A Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lewis Lukens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05997167238674347,"gpt":0.336258892117012,"spread":0.2762872197302685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002872909,0.0002245249,0.000298264,0.000154555,0.0002758803,0.000494361,0.0002309438,0.0002261181,0.0007920012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002344076,0.0001689293,0.0001913943,0.00009684925,0.0003149975,0.0002924089,0.0004210683,0.0004956918,0.00007472898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003556059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003100507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001599077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002453725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998197,0.00003420507,0.000007760029,0.00003694189,0.00005513477,0.00004626891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996929,0.00003855446,0.0001286561,0.00002190198,0.00003067205,0.00008729159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003512051,0.00007450978,0.01560263,0.00006988501,0.00002711296,0.0000775761,0.00009264318,0.0003084236,0.9737484,0.0007002574,0.0001392229,0.008808075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003840337,0.0007438589,0.9287174,0.00001904555,0.00008095719,0.000460081,0.000221917,0.007112381,0.05906817,0.001797849,0.001692946,0.0000471702],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974248,0.0004423182,0.001036907,0.00008339265,0.000006117843,0.000005488519,0.00002574723,0.00001385032,0.0009614426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998767,0.0001440386,0.0005788266,0.00003338508,0.000005912203,0.000004324042,0.00003995176,0.000004878906,0.0004217644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001599077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00317955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157413762","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00656.x","title":"Weed biology serves practical weed management","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Weed science; Weed control; Herbicide resistance; Agroforestry; Biology; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1183120642909316,"gpt":0.4057462278302691,"spread":0.2874341635393375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002370601,0.000814582,0.000509407,0.001025055,0.001244615,0.002862456,0.0008045343,0.001684188,0.0187033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00183013,0.0002490657,0.0002652144,0.0005185095,0.003591049,0.003157077,0.002307659,0.002493955,0.00633115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001663242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002249845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001289843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002787093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989152,0.0003251768,0.00008143814,0.0001512606,0.0004368565,0.00009001426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974985,0.0005905421,0.0004590444,0.0002806741,0.0006706678,0.0005006919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000908232,0.0002413689,0.003315846,0.002077007,0.0000297934,0.0005711127,0.002005964,0.001038536,0.01929484,0.4535135,0.1418229,0.3759983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001286218,0.0001922337,0.001957297,0.0005690185,0.00001496416,0.0004625973,0.0006438128,0.0004276971,0.002715523,0.08169216,0.9112862,0.00002581174],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01590367,0.08675479,0.05766091,0.294413,0.01113049,0.000293859,0.0002496703,0.001339749,0.532254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3724858,0.09872009,0.1017713,0.06880786,0.0139937,0.0002733317,0.0003096002,0.0005040157,0.3431344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0187033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06256878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168580031","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00323.x","title":"An evaluation of four crop : weed competition models using a common data set","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Monoculture; Competition (biology); Weed; Competition model; Interception; Agronomy; Crop; Mathematics; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"William M. Deen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roger Cousens","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.W. Warringa","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Bastiaans","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Carberry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karin T. Rebel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan J. Riha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clare Murphy","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. R. Benjamin","is_ca":false},{"name":"C.G. Cloughley","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Cussans","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Forcella","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tony Hunt","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. D. Jamieson","is_ca":false},{"name":"John L. Lindquist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enli Wang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6675999826213231,"gpt":0.4737845905238386,"spread":0.1938153920974845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01307833,0.001955972,0.001782202,0.001633044,0.001036722,0.001356874,0.003470753,0.001960642,0.001521271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01492628,0.0008879686,0.002774349,0.001382645,0.0006851971,0.001950133,0.001432883,0.001429366,0.0003560063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003842883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002755618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05900697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04165156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973622,0.001371973,0.0002431534,0.0004603301,0.0003653146,0.0001970147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.973703,0.0201517,0.0008212418,0.001426665,0.003221098,0.0006763531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007458132,0.0006321207,0.01395137,0.0003218481,0.0004969735,0.00007466735,0.0001086314,0.9644669,0.0009837898,0.0008724756,0.001654206,0.01569118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002366245,0.0005101502,0.005259403,0.0000248791,0.0001423685,0.0000272937,0.00008106677,0.990967,0.001251998,0.0005482148,0.0009028584,0.00004814787],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755686,0.0004572569,0.01633002,0.0005204959,0.00006445058,0.0002517307,0.003252696,0.001083234,0.002471495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607859,0.0002625596,0.03021244,0.0001679907,0.00002296309,0.0004420398,0.006745475,0.0002667785,0.001093873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05900697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.117327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997030109","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00735.x","title":"Does the shade avoidance response contribute to the critical period for weed control in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>)?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Seedling; Weed; Weed control; Agronomy; Context (archaeology); Competition (biology); Biology; Shade avoidance; Zea mays; Crop; Horticulture; Arabidopsis thaliana; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Eric R. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Tollenaar","is_ca":true},{"name":"E A Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lewis Lukens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03750493308368823,"gpt":0.3417062576325151,"spread":0.3042013245488269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001830017,0.0001937906,0.0002185615,0.0002164578,0.0001920276,0.0002823898,0.0001802874,0.000226391,0.0006330729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002034407,0.0001517846,0.0002600136,0.00008836079,0.000233472,0.0002873128,0.0002024342,0.0003669124,0.0001139562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005128563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002213486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002371562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002667252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999337,0.000008401687,0.000003727422,0.00001499987,0.00001298009,0.0000262131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997068,0.00003803059,0.0001260757,0.00001722746,0.00003532529,0.00007654242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003057221,0.00002123316,0.003633168,0.00003366584,0.000007221582,0.00004106429,0.00002867433,0.00007155976,0.9943367,0.00009457742,0.00002802174,0.001398418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003836387,0.001262032,0.7716051,0.00001794537,0.00005117391,0.0002996689,0.0002325874,0.002125294,0.2223056,0.0004841287,0.001548728,0.00002930515],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983557,0.0005579516,0.0005501955,0.00004371436,0.000004372614,0.000007620478,0.0000738751,0.00001776762,0.0003886612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990501,0.0002109013,0.0002766511,0.0000376924,0.000004686301,0.00000741611,0.00009479793,0.000007134152,0.0003106434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002371562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004715502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009613447","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2003.00377.x","title":"Relative contribution of genotype, seed size and environment to secondary seed dormancy potential in Canadian spring oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Seed Germination and Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Dormancy; Biology; Brassica; Seed dormancy; Agronomy; Horticulture; Botany; Germination","authors":[{"name":"Robert H. Gulden","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. G. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01498890585498567,"gpt":0.2556314777165707,"spread":0.2406425718615851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002394461,0.0002602842,0.0002212997,0.0005184214,0.000482847,0.0003801517,0.0002722462,0.0001212267,0.0005959024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000457878,0.0001562655,0.0002031711,0.0004152633,0.0003203456,0.00009166254,0.0001799516,0.0001963256,0.00009416726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002292097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001504732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.48164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6915949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998503,0.00001732072,0.000008357211,0.00004588697,0.0000454263,0.00003272349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995337,0.0001044292,0.0001006589,0.00002905365,0.0001213169,0.0001108609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001154594,0.00006773464,0.2756693,0.00007629422,0.0001666953,0.0003098562,0.0008906816,0.0006485658,0.7099533,0.0001458101,0.0002154806,0.01070167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002881634,0.00004847903,0.9939061,0.000001912407,0.00002527987,0.00007672981,0.0001022291,0.000308697,0.005250622,0.00001255147,0.0002553072,0.000009216489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994541,0.00006408735,0.00008424557,0.000007344501,6.196465e-7,0.000002730332,0.000204333,0.000005395484,0.0001772148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988098,0.00005157027,0.0002573011,0.000008466183,5.089155e-7,0.000004020128,0.0004190715,0.000008285062,0.0004409563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.51836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9576731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068665383","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00697.x","title":"The current and future potential distribution of <i>Cytisus scoparius</i>: a weed of pastoral systems, natural ecosystems and plantation forestry","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eidgenössisches Nuklearsicherheitsinspektorat","keywords":"Geography; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; Invasive species; Mediterranean climate; Distribution (mathematics); Ecology; Weed; China; Agroforestry; Ecosystem; Introduced species; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"K. J. B. Potter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darren J. Kriticos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael S. Watt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agathe Leriche","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03995874087168171,"gpt":0.2853290464459111,"spread":0.2453703055742293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005326922,0.0002370745,0.0002045563,0.0005580373,0.0002587763,0.000752636,0.0003167865,0.0002747332,0.001903392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007222566,0.0001161071,0.0004487588,0.000618185,0.0002871611,0.0004717779,0.0002865176,0.0002675907,0.0003697879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008280539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000328887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03177097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0431197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998909,0.00002051176,0.000006584505,0.00004080682,0.00002032153,0.00002092972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995826,0.0001548144,0.00007389087,0.00003914772,0.00009733636,0.00005223368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002505108,0.00004418574,0.7357107,0.0002145689,0.0001913573,0.0004263917,0.0002617823,0.232808,0.004688425,0.001098274,0.004552809,0.01975297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004500811,0.0001277491,0.6400734,0.000103543,0.00006994139,0.0006632496,0.0008598559,0.3458111,0.001441247,0.001547478,0.009186253,0.00007118741],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921321,0.0001853571,0.0008510383,0.0001073985,0.000005931535,0.000008327124,0.004479073,0.00006037726,0.002170454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942768,0.00008850822,0.0006431203,0.00001425511,0.000003725216,0.000007420914,0.004666514,0.000009282444,0.0002903861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03177097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0631721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1522188523","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00605.x","title":"Effects of human‐mediated processes on weed species composition in internationally traded grain commodities","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Agronomy; Crop; Abundance (ecology); Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Yoshiko Shimono","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akihiro Konuma","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08468909977743722,"gpt":0.3442262952551154,"spread":0.2595371954776782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000272061,0.0001453551,0.00009816294,0.0004308745,0.0002334254,0.0003949435,0.00009696133,0.0001562811,0.002167246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007566391,0.00009454732,0.0001628749,0.0003604194,0.0004272142,0.0001973974,0.0002545534,0.000169721,0.0001516706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002634005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000137129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006870786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01185086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998387,0.00004703898,0.000008163289,0.00004693287,0.00002485394,0.00003433302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995571,0.00009151846,0.0002035311,0.00003372843,0.00004494194,0.00006921167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000318646,0.00007548943,0.9869143,0.00001867696,0.00004677345,0.0001717826,0.0004119569,0.0001316869,0.004890337,0.00006982936,0.00007577404,0.006874728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.361295e-7,0.00005406929,0.9990828,0.000002125907,0.000005341646,0.00007603577,0.0002526984,0.0000812408,0.0002821846,0.00003797301,0.0001228033,0.000001710676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994953,0.0000599917,0.00004555883,0.00001902171,0.000001185153,0.000001501532,0.00004683958,0.000001166919,0.000329438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999669,0.00004610114,0.00006014173,0.00000726195,0.000001559522,0.000001109369,0.00004183757,0.000001159812,0.0001718667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006870786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01366156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1563915672","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00827.x","title":"Managing invasive weeds under climate change: considering the current and potential future distribution of <i>Buddleja davidii</i>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Geography; Range (aeronautics); Invasive species; Climate change; Distribution (mathematics); Shrub; Agroforestry; Subtropics; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Darren J. Kriticos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael S. Watt","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. J. B. Potter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucy K. Manning","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil Alexander","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nita G. Tallent‐Halsell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1154131509661922,"gpt":0.3084655840129714,"spread":0.1930524330467792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001034877,0.0003895652,0.0003790589,0.0005223874,0.0004885566,0.002040891,0.000728764,0.000725558,0.001539768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001188872,0.0001832348,0.0005582013,0.0005530661,0.0002841419,0.001351257,0.0007711727,0.0007682343,0.000224798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001309329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001553961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02589234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06770494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997867,0.00006576649,0.00001097983,0.00003548056,0.00005209231,0.0000490786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994541,0.0001682011,0.000146584,0.00001342623,0.0000851763,0.0001325929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003520724,0.0002780265,0.2182734,0.001219446,0.0004566804,0.002770112,0.000967404,0.5588351,0.03016971,0.00524208,0.01934504,0.1620909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007949486,0.0009006715,0.161195,0.0003710419,0.0005338893,0.001466101,0.007676086,0.7580732,0.004231298,0.01263224,0.05260296,0.0002379894],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9302522,0.00674315,0.03175457,0.009732376,0.0002760544,0.00009530436,0.0008620767,0.0003534469,0.01993074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869478,0.003255817,0.008172136,0.0003081223,0.00004551957,0.00002052448,0.0002322205,0.00003430722,0.0009835532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02589234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05148327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168658941","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00911.x","title":"Shikimate leaf disc assay for early detection of glyphosate resistance in <i>Conyza canadensis</i> and relative transcript levels of EPSPS and ABC transporter genes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Delaware","keywords":"Glyphosate; Biology; Gene; Shikimic acid; Weed; ATP-binding cassette transporter; Genetics; Botany; Transporter; Biochemistry; Biotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Nevena Nol","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniela Tsikou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maha M. Eid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ioannis Livieratos","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. N. Giannopolitis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0626124192816849,"gpt":0.2925943355451037,"spread":0.2299819162634188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002066592,0.0007599135,0.0004031622,0.0005907501,0.0002335815,0.0002316257,0.0003452835,0.0003325545,0.001548025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008003486,0.0002721305,0.0004442999,0.0004824189,0.0002084794,0.0001908754,0.000304674,0.0008720148,0.0005804548],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003393776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001546914,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001725884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00391479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997658,0.0000263598,0.00002899515,0.00007380827,0.00006966488,0.00003531801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997235,0.00004405405,0.0001030237,0.00003286667,0.00004372552,0.00005288246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003122991,0.00001313592,0.0001021113,0.00001133329,0.000002780626,0.000008464992,0.000008620375,0.000005451974,0.9996403,0.000007168507,0.00001445644,0.0001548682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001980076,0.0006556325,0.04436314,0.000006902867,0.0000375862,0.0001722473,0.00006867773,0.0005797705,0.9526108,0.00003564691,0.001436103,0.00001369981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773272,0.0007826457,0.01332789,0.0001137684,0.00005515724,0.0001860693,0.004808841,0.0005121643,0.002886337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9407451,0.001152686,0.02524159,0.00024897,0.00002764168,0.0004893717,0.01745058,0.0002379067,0.01440623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001725884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00517863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122962481","doi":"10.1111/wre.12054","title":"An investigation to enhance understanding of the stimulation of weed seedling emergence by soil disturbance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Seedbed; Seedling; Weed; Disturbance (geology); Population; Agronomy; Weed control; Geography; Environmental science; Forestry; Biology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Brian J. Schutte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bradley J. Tomasek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam S. Davis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lars Andersson","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. L. Benoit","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Cirujeda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jack Dekker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Forcella","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Luis González Andújar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Federica Graziani","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.J. Murdoch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Neve","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ilse A. Rasmussen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jukka Salonen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesco Tei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kirsten Tørresen","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. M. Urbano","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07585947546083303,"gpt":0.3330406747495465,"spread":0.2571811992887135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004743067,0.0001296498,0.0001914998,0.0001901867,0.0001376815,0.0002374373,0.0001718699,0.0001478819,0.0008664803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004133951,0.00008623626,0.0001247801,0.0001554635,0.0001492508,0.0002644644,0.000147802,0.0001765377,0.00008428779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003724945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002786801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004053961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00880516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999,0.00002744739,0.000008769766,0.00002481981,0.00001982274,0.00001916604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995222,0.0001774193,0.0001399493,0.00003286187,0.00007383183,0.00005367882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000826373,0.0003321712,0.4412325,0.0003751993,0.00005694129,0.0003644717,0.0003528756,0.001491114,0.5191927,0.0002213542,0.0001762925,0.03537795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009541439,0.0006433486,0.9861689,0.000008571164,0.00001326321,0.000183065,0.0002596152,0.001815397,0.009980461,0.0000981924,0.0008137099,0.000006004903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998547,0.000147264,0.000828589,0.00001662577,0.000001558999,0.00001479913,0.00006164572,0.00001140419,0.0003710453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982862,0.0001211483,0.001227674,0.00002202998,0.000002576938,0.0000130557,0.0001034423,0.000001213982,0.0002226981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004053961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008060694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990427650","doi":"10.1111/wre.12389","title":"Fungal‐based bioherbicides for weed control: a myth or a reality?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","keywords":"Weed; Dozen; Cropping; Product (mathematics); Weed control; Business; Biotechnology; Biology; Ecology; Agriculture; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Marion Triolet","is_ca":false},{"name":"J‐P Guillemin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier André","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Steinberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.217268620945667,"gpt":0.3703111583391309,"spread":0.1530425373934639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003330961,0.0004013169,0.00102963,0.003782689,0.0003350331,0.003349941,0.0005351905,0.001115494,0.004168476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00409266,0.0001621242,0.0007661256,0.004890242,0.0008099631,0.004337266,0.0008387839,0.00161115,0.0009027292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00102094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00232436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00132042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002537774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990059,0.0002188329,0.0001698538,0.0001126862,0.0004232031,0.00006956872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934941,0.003308455,0.001230624,0.0001449128,0.001546118,0.0002756962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004585855,0.0001218318,0.003797229,0.0593971,0.0005571825,0.0004642935,0.0005079449,0.0008366223,0.009432348,0.01903669,0.04742894,0.8579612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005323411,0.0009152473,0.01016628,0.03617625,0.0009269301,0.001066297,0.002475739,0.0008292869,0.004845621,0.0312747,0.9111599,0.000110597],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00364851,0.9712294,0.001078671,0.02005487,0.001234987,0.00001869628,0.0002881403,0.00002922222,0.002417627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0231965,0.9658327,0.002108101,0.005176038,0.001792734,0.00002718673,0.0003190125,0.00001226989,0.001535609],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004168476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01761603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025000671","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00335.x","title":"An investigation of genetic variation in <i>Carthamus lanatus</i> in New South Wales, Australia, using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Carthamus; Genetic diversity; Biology; Weed; Genetic variation; Microsatellite; Botany; Genetics; Population; Allele; Traditional medicine; Medicine; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Gavin Ash","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rosy Raman","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. S. Crump","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2424136694056952,"gpt":0.3638288572011068,"spread":0.1214151877954116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001741756,0.0001637424,0.000149824,0.0008679095,0.0004574709,0.000248642,0.0002104307,0.0001718912,0.0007036257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002973245,0.0001378559,0.0001271705,0.0004397962,0.0002726876,0.0001179001,0.0002683677,0.0001737538,0.0001235473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005873409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003008474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07306971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1587459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998648,0.00002514547,0.000008272896,0.00004742208,0.0000321335,0.00002214987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997432,0.00003995097,0.00007651462,0.00001121033,0.00007883151,0.00005041407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003234259,0.0001613884,0.6792683,0.0001727104,0.0001150553,0.001466946,0.006697113,0.0002284268,0.2868427,0.0001128746,0.0003244487,0.02428653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003902658,0.00008476478,0.9979432,0.00000497668,0.000007388871,0.0002119899,0.0004212942,0.0001301263,0.0007365725,0.000006839594,0.0004457622,0.000003241393],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99954,0.0000304854,0.00007022943,0.000009047411,7.241494e-7,0.000007820464,0.00004627,0.000001413175,0.0002941071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987472,0.00003602477,0.0004206297,0.00002206178,0.000001430316,0.00001364797,0.0002047768,0.000001503981,0.0005526667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07306971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1452888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146266439","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00865.x","title":"Maize seed and stem roots differ in response to neighbouring weeds","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Radicle; Weed; Perennial plant; Biology; Crown (dentistry); Agronomy; Imperata; Germination; Limiting; Stem-and-leaf display; Botany; Horticulture","authors":[{"name":"Maha Afifi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1163742891467627,"gpt":0.2913021836960679,"spread":0.1749278945493052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001524366,0.0002437387,0.0002830966,0.0002189213,0.0001621174,0.0002847454,0.0001714805,0.0003374104,0.001354009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002922394,0.0002261429,0.0002308181,0.0001085419,0.0001848387,0.0001962288,0.0003440569,0.0003803106,0.0002717623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000289023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000984268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001988261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003176567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998914,0.00001521401,0.000006049878,0.00003846595,0.00002014742,0.00002863665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996846,0.00006353616,0.00008611697,0.00002417534,0.0000408936,0.0001007422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001775964,0.000005674432,0.0007794966,0.00001115378,0.000004263959,0.00001620267,0.00002050461,0.00001211661,0.9985449,0.000008516568,0.0000105881,0.0004088992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006388038,0.001136215,0.8169079,0.00000845726,0.00004996152,0.0002880233,0.0002672521,0.000874044,0.1795801,0.0001080503,0.0006959543,0.00002017539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991572,0.0001701642,0.0002267205,0.00001816659,0.000002949645,0.0000058796,0.00007153337,0.00001630045,0.000331117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983215,0.000113413,0.0003869402,0.00004920434,0.000002880974,0.00001333304,0.0002526079,0.00001764212,0.0008424887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001988261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004529595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092511415","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00408.x","title":"Resistance to quinclorac and ALS‐inhibitor herbicides in <i>Galium spurium</i> is conferred by two distinct genes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Biology; Herbicide resistance; Genetics; Gene; Cross-resistance; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Laura L. Van Eerd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael D. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. R. Stephenson","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Christopher Hall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04082573394764045,"gpt":0.3222587355047944,"spread":0.281433001557154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001704796,0.0005054614,0.0002788018,0.0004203698,0.0001574887,0.0003322949,0.0004412531,0.0002682162,0.0007193314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001601979,0.0002371817,0.000341623,0.0001779491,0.000290947,0.0001226236,0.0004417759,0.0005820071,0.0002432888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004701259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002012258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009245687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001297651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998362,0.00002941226,0.00001700434,0.00004079401,0.00004370527,0.00003283325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996403,0.00006915758,0.0001261198,0.00004081539,0.0000310924,0.00009253301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006802438,0.000009357345,0.0005971293,0.000008965199,0.000003933731,0.00007352685,0.00001908119,0.00003094614,0.9985778,0.00004515138,0.000009148073,0.0005570346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007106909,0.0008238498,0.08234127,0.0000156033,0.00008050888,0.002223723,0.000172813,0.0018079,0.9089462,0.0001681032,0.003310599,0.00003838159],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975895,0.0001326283,0.001321236,0.00004594943,0.000004633983,0.00001355797,0.0001903385,0.00007218905,0.0006299161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968177,0.00008236699,0.001369152,0.00004663527,0.000004559672,0.00001872504,0.000618025,0.0000416447,0.001001177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009245687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003411055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967015390","doi":"10.1111/wre.12065","title":"Seed germination response to temperature for a range of international populations of <i><scp>C</scp>onyza canadensis</i>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Germination; Facultative; Microsite; Biology; Annual plant; Ruderal species; Botany; Horticulture; Ecology; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Eric Tozzi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"R.M. Weiss","is_ca":true},{"name":"José Luis González Andújar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Storkey","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Zahra H. Cici","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05198788129248083,"gpt":0.3244594829389465,"spread":0.2724716016464657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001842863,0.0002380997,0.000148719,0.0005249403,0.0003369319,0.0002491223,0.0003384457,0.00009888843,0.0006618983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002040002,0.00009590997,0.0001804478,0.0003461825,0.0001990064,0.000114723,0.0003140039,0.0003276977,0.0001176427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008932626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002502769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02597325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0489807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998361,0.0000164518,0.00001716011,0.00006578468,0.00002718179,0.00003731033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997003,0.00003704995,0.00009355146,0.00002879559,0.00006994156,0.0000703605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001213823,0.0001704714,0.1148738,0.0000636781,0.00008562313,0.0002127518,0.0008404062,0.0003530183,0.8713915,0.0001663601,0.0003527183,0.01027593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003422476,0.0004219468,0.9803508,0.00000588281,0.00003977069,0.0002268473,0.0004520554,0.0003849691,0.0165456,0.00002604659,0.001500704,0.00001116765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99906,0.00003838082,0.00009074725,0.000009850947,0.000002238201,0.000009266288,0.0002240988,0.000008072871,0.0005572367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977919,0.00004015024,0.0004015075,0.00002606527,0.000002022752,0.00001703257,0.001302328,0.000008975433,0.0004100992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02597325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05164415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792577622","doi":"10.1111/wre.12294","title":"Seedbank persistence, germination and early growth of glyphosate‐resistant <i>Kochia scoparia</i>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Scoparia; Germination; Glyphosate; Weed; Biology; Persistence (discontinuity); Agronomy; Crop; Weed control; Horticulture","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia Y. Leeson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Phillip W. Stahlman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Todd A. Gaines","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric N. Johnson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05105291522323058,"gpt":0.2892445764808086,"spread":0.238191661257578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008222039,0.0001716918,0.0001900082,0.0003169079,0.0003816061,0.0003392657,0.0002384426,0.0001140892,0.0004691831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001356722,0.00008219248,0.0001090913,0.0001884322,0.0001655041,0.0001320976,0.0001210564,0.0002686672,0.0001363448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001569962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000840404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2719971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4888513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999254,0.00000376153,0.000005170284,0.00002291015,0.00001847898,0.00002436464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997289,0.00002431243,0.00007244735,0.00001202144,0.0001062607,0.00005601298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047116,0.00008613746,0.1516393,0.00005341342,0.00004770124,0.0002533419,0.0002976393,0.0002080512,0.8418883,0.00004858864,0.0001735537,0.004832764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006135779,0.0002292144,0.9753176,0.000004850553,0.00002230161,0.0001562425,0.0003376132,0.0002451342,0.02288687,0.00001067617,0.000775261,0.00000813777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992118,0.00006371778,0.00006280349,0.000006127839,6.8111e-7,0.000004272315,0.0002320079,0.000007736053,0.0004108593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998717,0.00003868276,0.000130682,0.00001397385,3.699787e-7,0.0000034873,0.0005861935,0.000004093477,0.0005056809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2719971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5408279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081024649","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00542.x","title":"Efficacy of <i>Sclerotinia minor</i> for dandelion control: effect of dandelion accession, age and grass competition","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Hashemite University; University of Jordan","keywords":"Dandelion; Taraxacum officinale; Biology; Competition (biology); Agronomy; Biomass (ecology); Sclerotinia; Botany; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Mohammed H. Abu‐Dieyeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. K. Watson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03689126306218291,"gpt":0.3618615290074673,"spread":0.3249702659452843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003420724,0.0003678819,0.0004538677,0.0002497411,0.0001957497,0.0002896365,0.0004117272,0.0003169517,0.001233566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002564995,0.0001139464,0.0002295052,0.0001283846,0.0001565868,0.0002186703,0.0002557761,0.0004666416,0.0001688639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003611746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003143594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002401944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004810789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997239,0.00007577638,0.00003421125,0.00006660433,0.00005095746,0.0000485058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994473,0.0001089657,0.0001474963,0.00003688146,0.00007360189,0.0001856935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008349838,0.0002432513,0.003385905,0.00007585814,0.00002805248,0.00003536128,0.00003040857,0.0001742957,0.9922126,0.00002326841,0.0000502799,0.002905801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001487851,0.02360292,0.1622705,0.00003678568,0.0001699928,0.0002648644,0.0002181791,0.002588581,0.8078266,0.00005097663,0.002781452,0.00004040902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989882,0.0003265979,0.0001192696,0.0000242334,0.000007606009,0.00002281784,0.000101607,0.00001609816,0.0003934203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980682,0.0001550962,0.0006843266,0.00004736202,0.000005192077,0.00002427506,0.0003029905,0.000006737617,0.0007059209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002401944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004775941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142755107","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00634.x","title":"A critique of studies evaluating glyphosate effects on diseases associated with <i>Fusarium</i> spp.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Glyphosate; Fusarium; Crop; Biology; Agriculture; Agronomy; Field trial; Biotechnology; Horticulture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Jeff R. Powell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1124228467267886,"gpt":0.3962240733843457,"spread":0.2838012266575571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1145651,0.001325051,0.002167929,0.003563494,0.001243308,0.003415028,0.003411354,0.002220542,0.002189249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2310444,0.0006671962,0.003270025,0.003576795,0.003973417,0.002218296,0.00229431,0.003527347,0.0009505316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003234309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007122946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01008445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01293682,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9215825,0.04514586,0.01360874,0.004902901,0.01416041,0.0005995461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5680668,0.3050469,0.02699957,0.01094188,0.08635206,0.002592748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004754527,0.0004362781,0.06427141,0.1052852,0.01021241,0.001247546,0.006131131,0.001268246,0.01497885,0.01228496,0.08840481,0.6907246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001350571,0.006567514,0.114862,0.06509505,0.01597127,0.003242911,0.004870012,0.0007118313,0.02680806,0.02246464,0.737848,0.0002080176],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0437439,0.6735708,0.01457363,0.2218444,0.01736956,0.000783996,0.002658794,0.0002746642,0.02518023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4402555,0.3309586,0.02258215,0.1741685,0.02176235,0.001406855,0.00100582,0.0003558362,0.00750446],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1145651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6058856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588302764","doi":"10.1111/wre.12244","title":"An integrated approach to control glyphosate‐resistant <i>Ambrosia trifida</i> with tillage and herbicides in glyphosate‐resistant maize","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","keywords":"Glyphosate; Agronomy; Tillage; Sowing; Weed control; Biology; Pendimethalin; Conventional tillage; Atrazine; Growing season; Pesticide","authors":[{"name":"Zahoor A. Ganie","is_ca":false},{"name":"John L. Lindquist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mithila Jugulam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Greg R. Kruger","is_ca":false},{"name":"David B. Marx","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amit J. Jhala","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03999142902168452,"gpt":0.2971562369089011,"spread":0.2571648078872166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001864281,0.000324382,0.0003420499,0.0002664975,0.0002119722,0.00033318,0.0005306992,0.0002611492,0.0006910813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001117802,0.0001193526,0.0002904905,0.0001291626,0.0001214933,0.0002129454,0.0002197111,0.0004293194,0.0001208697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009440882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008798421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01871268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0464656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998527,0.00001544374,0.00001315999,0.00003808579,0.0000452632,0.00003542481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998099,0.00000975139,0.00006999521,0.000010273,0.00003335247,0.00006677773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003091673,0.0002259693,0.001926588,0.00006541505,0.00001962403,0.00002661517,0.00002418732,0.0002569264,0.9928036,0.00003297359,0.00004913524,0.004259784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003374689,0.02151563,0.1980298,0.00004785761,0.0003075117,0.0003869355,0.0003532371,0.007957814,0.7600649,0.0001073475,0.01082943,0.00006198642],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969505,0.0002734611,0.00168501,0.00005539146,0.000008661485,0.0001370247,0.0001510323,0.00007754852,0.0006612284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886492,0.0003233264,0.008876742,0.00008479993,0.000005813905,0.00009432549,0.0003789227,0.00001233261,0.001574427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01871268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03720754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165523341","doi":"10.1111/wre.12480","title":"The critical period for weed seed control: A proposed framework to limit weed seed return","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Lethbridge","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Western Grains Research Foundation","keywords":"Weed; Weed control; Limiting; Agronomy; Biology; Phenology; Growing season; Limit (mathematics); Mathematics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Charles M. Geddes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adam S. Davis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06226044650901139,"gpt":0.3577737633610263,"spread":0.2955133168520149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002010636,0.001187692,0.0007770319,0.001302355,0.0009797544,0.002107463,0.002438084,0.001619183,0.003293142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002141653,0.0003911881,0.0008438159,0.000569349,0.002099307,0.002617065,0.002125777,0.001459395,0.0007607195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001829826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002855747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003007853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002509716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990472,0.00022665,0.00005170132,0.0003414638,0.0002030753,0.0001299567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988068,0.0003548203,0.0002193594,0.00009933881,0.0003218964,0.0001978824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002421903,0.0002765149,0.002377472,0.0007464016,0.00009472929,0.0005476094,0.0005925783,0.2508822,0.04631966,0.5981783,0.006266245,0.09347608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006152855,0.0004791085,0.0008825195,0.0001737812,0.00009789905,0.0003005488,0.0002066259,0.7873632,0.005573157,0.1744757,0.03027886,0.0001069583],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009720787,0.001653592,0.9740732,0.001750377,0.0002122849,0.0001663518,0.00009708771,0.0003863925,0.01193992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5146957,0.002313301,0.472729,0.0006508513,0.0004652759,0.0007913139,0.0001576825,0.000137766,0.008059113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003293142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01327646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2473666281","doi":"10.1111/wre.12213","title":"Does yield loss due to weed competition differ between organic and conventional cropping systems?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Organic Food and Agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Weed; Agronomy; Competition (biology); Cropping system; Weed control; Crop rotation; Organic farming; Cropping; Environmental science; Crop yield; Yield (engineering); Biomass (ecology); Crop; Biology; Agriculture; Ecology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Dilshan Benaragama","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric N. Johnson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hema Duddu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lena D. Syrovy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04600615611250998,"gpt":0.2711863619940345,"spread":0.2251802058815245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008705014,0.0001430798,0.0002834742,0.0002826508,0.0002259528,0.0004070751,0.0002775243,0.0001372253,0.0009867023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001249746,0.00008104829,0.0002278168,0.000316401,0.0003476294,0.0003613819,0.0003430168,0.0002425707,0.0001020822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001111692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004243602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01115812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03113599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996038,0.0000624998,0.00002403093,0.00008467464,0.0001224856,0.0001024136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985738,0.0004147444,0.0004809307,0.00009309193,0.000206399,0.0002310283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002967933,0.0006267891,0.8149019,0.0001882113,0.0003327987,0.0002219717,0.0004256858,0.0007052649,0.1506782,0.0001733054,0.0003286349,0.02844938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006730233,0.0006643309,0.9969267,0.000002877226,0.00001903132,0.00002823526,0.0001582261,0.000280349,0.001659039,0.00005144841,0.000199597,0.000003378372],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995746,0.00005222111,0.00009199593,0.00001134116,0.000001353352,0.000004802571,0.0000559253,0.000001952465,0.0002058838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995307,0.00002975699,0.00008879484,0.00002521489,0.000001561056,0.000005533981,0.0001485159,0.000001688099,0.0001683003],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01115812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02218634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062055355","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00717.x","title":"An amino acid substitution at position 205 of acetohydroxyacid synthase reduces fitness under optimal light in resistant populations of <i>Solanum ptychanthum</i>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Solanum; Biology; Germination; Competition (biology); Botany; Horticulture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Jamshid Ashigh","is_ca":false},{"name":"François J. Tardif","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06182640474971788,"gpt":0.3357479370565239,"spread":0.273921532306806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001910535,0.00022542,0.0002272422,0.0002574459,0.0001245064,0.0002151216,0.0002260519,0.0001862485,0.0009994664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000222388,0.0001452013,0.0001716291,0.0001464515,0.0001741122,0.0000851251,0.0002244885,0.0003778961,0.0001851696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000217356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000146908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007681608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001182376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998347,0.00004916851,0.0000217454,0.00003257747,0.00003340292,0.00002850664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997379,0.0000578712,0.00009004288,0.0000259558,0.0000200494,0.00006809614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001478949,0.00003926083,0.001198799,0.00001382907,0.0000131975,0.00005127379,0.00002248281,0.00004575816,0.9976619,0.00001993018,0.00001216408,0.0007733667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001162953,0.002892494,0.1513855,0.00001940409,0.0001226791,0.001598512,0.0003721869,0.004681868,0.8365721,0.0001599293,0.002049934,0.00002914602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996287,0.00003108534,0.0001637465,0.00001250639,0.000002487972,0.000003219466,0.0000285008,0.000009738017,0.000119978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991927,0.00003382016,0.0002991599,0.00001887655,0.000002007112,0.000005526351,0.0001147194,0.00001127484,0.0003220073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009994664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003343582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002011526","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00709.x","title":"Composition of floating weed seeds in lowland rice fields in China and the effects of irrigation frequency and previous crops","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; McGill University","keywords":"Weed; Agronomy; Biology; Irrigation; Crop; Canonical correspondence analysis; Species richness; Diversity index; Relative species abundance; Species diversity; Species evenness; Abundance (ecology); Ecology","authors":[{"name":"R. H. Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sheng Qiang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01353020302859482,"gpt":0.2767117652602157,"spread":0.2631815622316209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002986743,0.0002418511,0.0003083195,0.001143993,0.0003285006,0.0002497866,0.0001902767,0.0001366162,0.0005333023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003914935,0.0001617264,0.0002953894,0.0008312055,0.0004423814,0.0002174424,0.0002942844,0.0001013458,0.00006687378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004122308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003467739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01789854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04207903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999814,0.00002502427,0.00001945194,0.00006285777,0.00003753187,0.00004118266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999539,0.00008133496,0.0001598119,0.00002702457,0.00006447276,0.0001284104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000697284,0.00001595164,0.9883187,0.00002428376,0.00004491969,0.00012859,0.0004039735,0.00009640881,0.008376224,0.00001982599,0.00002512685,0.002476316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001246962,0.00001208746,0.9997352,8.281417e-7,0.000003770489,0.00002476038,0.00007969799,0.00007477329,0.00004238941,0.000004678249,0.00001899659,0.000001561203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998788,0.0000286317,0.00001914308,0.000002446741,3.072832e-7,8.690135e-7,0.00002846726,8.251473e-7,0.00004050731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997616,0.00002691928,0.00004528611,0.000003762639,9.715327e-7,0.000002203639,0.0001016737,6.560404e-7,0.00005691538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01789854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03558868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2729645644","doi":"10.1111/wre.12259","title":"Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of <i>Caucalis platycarpos</i>","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Germination; Population; Salinity; Weed; Biology; Crop; Agronomy; Horticulture; Botany; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Rouhollah Amini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farzaneh Gholami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sanam Ghanepour","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05528867546495738,"gpt":0.3316756974736946,"spread":0.2763870220087372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001627903,0.0002553079,0.0002208992,0.0002450025,0.0002901069,0.0002495681,0.000222526,0.0001374892,0.000529716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002398316,0.0001297739,0.0001771222,0.0001347979,0.0001882176,0.0001252209,0.0002550767,0.0003112775,0.000100068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003863134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002438438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005885001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01236431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998691,0.00002402117,0.00001616703,0.00003909774,0.00002416348,0.00002735096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996957,0.00006276946,0.00008191133,0.00001857958,0.00004293031,0.00009828684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008411961,0.000228619,0.04514415,0.00005895172,0.00003787536,0.0002371547,0.0004178289,0.0001920467,0.9478361,0.00004989141,0.00004594108,0.004910195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004067838,0.001727019,0.9638355,0.000006732124,0.00003695003,0.0002681992,0.0006820522,0.0005922936,0.03196207,0.00004511937,0.0007874081,0.0000160918],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997819,0.00002557312,0.00003122525,0.000003549831,0.000001473792,0.000003955175,0.0000300983,0.000002013916,0.0001202816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999333,0.00002556766,0.0002549171,0.00001359612,0.000001367684,0.00001000864,0.0001555216,0.000002208218,0.000203916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005885001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01170152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1523396442","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00821.x","title":"Weed community response to contrasting integrated weed management systems for cool dryland annual crops","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Health Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Tillage; Agronomy; Weed control; No-till farming; Conventional tillage; Biology; Cirsium arvense; Cropping system; Perennial plant; Crop; Ecology; Soil water; Soil fertility","authors":[{"name":"A. G. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne Légère","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julia Y. Leeson","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Craig Stevenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"F.A. Holm","is_ca":true},{"name":"B GRADIN","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05952671602608851,"gpt":0.3369182522510663,"spread":0.2773915362249778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002669236,0.000211864,0.0002638567,0.0003460041,0.000243021,0.0003167659,0.0002069668,0.0001238272,0.0004761236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003137412,0.0001279416,0.0002018954,0.0002316946,0.0001697472,0.0001583906,0.0003931455,0.0002774124,0.00007808564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001334432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000476821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01918195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05375794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998745,0.0000192275,0.00001193437,0.00002990702,0.00002836021,0.0000361459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996362,0.00003355848,0.0001195077,0.00001726624,0.00005771188,0.0001357762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002921557,0.0005445908,0.1033091,0.0001184755,0.0001376564,0.00007549104,0.0003941021,0.0005554542,0.8761359,0.00002628502,0.0001769225,0.01560432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004879014,0.002114199,0.9848872,0.000005598724,0.00004368663,0.00002102175,0.0002343383,0.0005528048,0.01171712,0.0000162389,0.000349233,0.000009768754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998067,0.00002490182,0.00003847869,0.000003608647,7.663917e-7,0.000006789463,0.00005547381,0.000002887371,0.00006052035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986821,0.00006528419,0.0004090382,0.00002749585,0.000001748422,0.00002728834,0.0005020241,0.000002846432,0.0002821841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01918195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03814059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1532985214","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00906.x","title":"Influence of nitrogen rate on the efficacy of herbicides with different modes of action","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Bromoxynil; Nitrogen; Weed; Chenopodium; Agronomy; Chemistry; Weed control; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Mette Sønderskov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Per Kudsk","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09601508095151902,"gpt":0.3298869222543894,"spread":0.2338718413028704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005217432,0.0005302722,0.0004139999,0.0002314228,0.0001315623,0.0003396351,0.0002879976,0.0003627237,0.0012123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009020843,0.0001851586,0.0002590725,0.0001770454,0.0001530049,0.0003798729,0.0002538575,0.0003494913,0.0002658526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002196294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001313057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00133287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002006368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994909,0.0001445261,0.00007457316,0.00009773696,0.0001456617,0.00004661087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989188,0.0004977494,0.0002298336,0.00007051318,0.0001643056,0.0001188582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006467161,0.00006549899,0.001743964,0.00008265861,0.00002536804,0.00003600592,0.00001620741,0.0001117305,0.9939072,0.00001080123,0.00003115785,0.003322842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004828722,0.003996631,0.05835699,0.00002885887,0.0001373468,0.0001894725,0.00007212245,0.001696917,0.9330217,0.00004378288,0.002378271,0.00002952812],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996436,0.001764338,0.0004663436,0.00003516599,0.00002088647,0.00002346565,0.0002004148,0.00001926654,0.00103409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954938,0.001163297,0.001309869,0.00005871066,0.00001267553,0.00002943566,0.0002895042,0.00002625403,0.001616383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00133287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00405556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790940893","doi":"10.1111/wre.12286","title":"Determination of <i>Festuca filiformis</i> seedbank characteristics, seedling emergence and herbicide susceptibility to aid management in lowbush blueberry (<i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i>)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant and fungal interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Seedling; Germination; Dormancy; Vaccinium; Biology; Perennial plant; Seed dormancy; Ericaceae; Horticulture; Botany; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Scott N. White","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05278767204298868,"gpt":0.3328136885328571,"spread":0.2800260164898684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001700395,0.0001432268,0.0001355156,0.0003539007,0.0002741246,0.0002271668,0.0001335546,0.0001318086,0.0007078093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002089636,0.00007769612,0.0001128539,0.00009594931,0.0001112047,0.0001422639,0.00009237523,0.0001613257,0.0001333908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003299048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000132776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00837467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02412077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999461,0.000006786752,0.000004184811,0.00002081157,0.000008846158,0.00001325974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996917,0.00004951995,0.0001190727,0.00001057779,0.00004624954,0.00008286485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002086361,0.00009814777,0.5255843,0.00005423088,0.000022507,0.0001365948,0.0001973949,0.00007470927,0.4672357,0.00001767916,0.00008163567,0.006288452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001798506,0.0001035684,0.995423,0.00000172584,0.000003620202,0.00004761837,0.00006274055,0.0001169755,0.004056771,0.000005002883,0.0001755271,0.000001553268],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996777,0.00004850018,0.00007653245,0.000004313989,6.654456e-7,0.000003720204,0.00007236941,0.000004632086,0.00011171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990461,0.00002735462,0.000408716,0.00001113383,8.892488e-7,0.000005097858,0.000209246,0.000002319445,0.0002891877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00837467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01665181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986816845","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00347.x","title":"Predicting yield loss in maize fields and developing decision support for post‐emergence herbicide applications","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centrale des Syndicats du Québec; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Mathematics; Yield (engineering); Statistics; Cover (algebra); Zea mays; Weed control; Agricultural engineering; Agronomy; Biology; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Claudel Lemieux","is_ca":true},{"name":"L Vallée","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne Vanasse","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0710522676066457,"gpt":0.3433996418047951,"spread":0.2723473741981494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002154354,0.0006245343,0.0007117989,0.0008585881,0.0003252646,0.00118073,0.0007668899,0.0006803083,0.001944397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005487973,0.0003421657,0.0005776539,0.0002901913,0.0001504431,0.0008417179,0.0003165359,0.0006364805,0.0004634934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007605264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001185131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01175708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008418035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994874,0.0001548944,0.00005590085,0.0001480439,0.0001027037,0.00005099349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965363,0.002216452,0.0003855362,0.0001119325,0.0006403303,0.0001095498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001871952,0.001024047,0.1102031,0.0003446573,0.0003579553,0.000439716,0.0004119928,0.5058377,0.04333919,0.001782598,0.003192591,0.3311944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002214365,0.00009809665,0.005360285,0.00001175232,0.00003375506,0.00001938085,0.00003773892,0.9864247,0.007325216,0.0003137811,0.0003370889,0.00001611037],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.628923,0.0001894313,0.3617503,0.0006012103,0.00004049092,0.0002994357,0.0006778871,0.005280531,0.00223764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8820673,0.00005303596,0.1166224,0.00007070136,0.00001545554,0.0000922154,0.0003259886,0.00003905871,0.0007138308],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01175708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0233773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2924023256","doi":"10.1111/wre.12359","title":"Site‐specific management is crucial to managing <i>Mikania micrantha</i>","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; Western University","funders":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province; Charles Sturt University; Trinity Western University; Univerzita Karlova v Praze","keywords":"Mikania micrantha; Context (archaeology); Invasive species; Biological pest control; Geography; Biology; Agriculture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"David R. Cléments","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Day","is_ca":false},{"name":"V Oeggerli","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shicai Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leslie A. Weston","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gaofeng Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"F D Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaocheng Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06329022753190927,"gpt":0.292072433065973,"spread":0.2287822055340638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004507603,0.0002488574,0.0002645083,0.000260695,0.0002782362,0.0006848635,0.0005430272,0.0004147603,0.002498617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004481372,0.00009934779,0.0002889914,0.0002132823,0.0002133201,0.0006770471,0.0004937591,0.0006524458,0.0009232092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004179351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008326985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003022209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008488044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997428,0.00005742189,0.00002377416,0.00003763622,0.00009847162,0.00003996166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995188,0.00007431972,0.0002134017,0.00001632312,0.0001232606,0.00005400433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001532046,0.0001049713,0.01600875,0.009956831,0.0002636316,0.001982073,0.0008865545,0.003186865,0.2008241,0.004870029,0.04850921,0.7132538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001563126,0.0004124166,0.05422722,0.001510998,0.0002167225,0.002372464,0.001214239,0.001073495,0.01823417,0.00203388,0.9186398,0.00004897832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.272362,0.5127951,0.03914583,0.03984975,0.002563521,0.000519333,0.001118501,0.001752445,0.1298935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7491742,0.1835237,0.03103236,0.006881404,0.001370917,0.0001568466,0.0006547375,0.0001544845,0.02705131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003022209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008358717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133279826","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00342.x","title":"Predispersal seed predation of <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> and <i>Chenopodium album</i> growing in soyabean fields","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Office of International Science and Engineering; University of Guelph","keywords":"Seed predation; Biology; Predation; Chenopodium; Weed; Lambsquarters; Inflorescence; Agronomy; Population; Botany; Ecology; Seed dispersal","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Nurse","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. D. Booth","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02120962750934454,"gpt":0.2944205777437357,"spread":0.2732109502343912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002763923,0.0002526423,0.0002241976,0.0003675495,0.0003242321,0.0002508417,0.0002292292,0.0001286415,0.0005814595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002495776,0.0001457558,0.0001605709,0.0001207444,0.0002033969,0.0002106017,0.0001973118,0.0002006495,0.0000957696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007592551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002233303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01481634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03539174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999895,0.00002226964,0.000007098945,0.00002948875,0.00001934401,0.00002673514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995567,0.00009583351,0.0001503652,0.00002256873,0.00004559496,0.0001289067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001695583,0.0003359561,0.2991734,0.0001053644,0.0001223414,0.0004543649,0.0005034205,0.0004199398,0.6914423,0.00007964198,0.0001239934,0.005543645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001293237,0.0005986199,0.9937109,0.000002976554,0.00001712928,0.0001013763,0.0002068781,0.0005758074,0.004589522,0.00001754395,0.0001604667,0.000005855397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9999037,0.00001171474,0.000009544426,0.000002219295,2.408657e-7,0.000001026789,0.00001138249,0.00000146193,0.00005861213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996434,0.00002327404,0.00008560943,0.00001224692,8.102301e-7,0.000003450978,0.00008618523,0.000001008077,0.0001439506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01481634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02946019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083437574","doi":"10.1111/wre.12120","title":"Establishment of <i><scp>L</scp>olium</i> species resistant to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicide in and around grain‐importation ports in <scp>J</scp>apan","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Biological dispersal; Biology; Herbicide resistance; Weed; Agronomy; Horticulture; Population; Gene; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Yoshiko Shimono","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Shimono","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiroyuki Oguma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akihiro Konuma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tohru Tominaga","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03459718176955226,"gpt":0.2818201772797673,"spread":0.2472229955102151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109614,0.0001863592,0.0001033598,0.000624851,0.0007943863,0.0004668803,0.0003527356,0.0001748388,0.000780624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000241116,0.0001420423,0.000173352,0.0004374691,0.0003459421,0.0002630025,0.0003741339,0.0003754425,0.0001496638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007653645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005056927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02298539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05583057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998662,0.00001278721,0.000007776971,0.00005105389,0.00002844318,0.00003371272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995804,0.00003169534,0.0001829559,0.00003088695,0.00008202758,0.00009205913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002688433,0.0001621256,0.7415938,0.00004877992,0.00006783236,0.001801812,0.001891186,0.0003638938,0.2424192,0.00008805517,0.0002052176,0.01108934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003076002,0.0001122779,0.9919035,0.000003503908,0.00001404502,0.0003460848,0.0009468053,0.0005957127,0.005481986,0.00001795186,0.0005690858,0.000006039441],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997223,0.000004115797,0.00003347206,0.000002902967,3.693029e-7,0.000002769378,0.00002997651,0.000002788704,0.0002012532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992973,0.00001028201,0.0001907196,0.00001065659,4.479275e-7,0.000006148695,0.0001185235,0.000002964792,0.0003629869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02298539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04570323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1802070582","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00907.x","title":"Gene flow between imidazolinone‐tolerant and – susceptible winter oilseed rape varieties","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Outcrossing; Pollen; Agronomy; Weed; Weed control; Gene flow; Botany; Gene; Genetic variation","authors":[{"name":"Christoph Krato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Petersen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08184314159435206,"gpt":0.3145987810748702,"spread":0.2327556394805181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002331979,0.0002192984,0.000284649,0.001417791,0.000243927,0.0003782697,0.0004490177,0.0003877287,0.001776079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004147631,0.0002221347,0.0003191251,0.00056425,0.0002407404,0.000257297,0.0003321797,0.000403835,0.0002819365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006576342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001560883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003180339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003308538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996825,0.00003970429,0.0000260555,0.0001660881,0.00003524364,0.00005031059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995505,0.0001851754,0.0000975546,0.00003540955,0.00004413974,0.00008715448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006201699,0.00008568181,0.02736032,0.00004182291,0.00004913793,0.0001315596,0.0006845667,0.0001087719,0.9638522,0.0002009379,0.00005449728,0.006810287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005437462,0.0007942638,0.9426704,0.00002093677,0.0001251779,0.0007267449,0.0007287778,0.001503423,0.05124992,0.0001815589,0.001909281,0.00003524591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992454,0.00009514454,0.0001937174,0.000007108305,0.000002516598,0.00000579768,0.0001950038,0.000006312359,0.0002490288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974862,0.00008044922,0.0005013102,0.00001880313,0.000003496908,0.00001502484,0.001020931,0.00001114711,0.0008626136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003180339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006323636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102896777","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2000.00210.x","title":"Effects of crop management practices on <i>Echinochloa crus‐galli</i> and <i>Chenopodium album</i> seed production in a maize/soyabean rotation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Division of Chemistry; Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation","keywords":"Weed; Weed control; Chenopodium; Agronomy; Tillage; Biology; Echinochloa","authors":[{"name":"F. Perron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne Légère","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02757718526065141,"gpt":0.3003884715047208,"spread":0.2728112862440694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002960336,0.000337255,0.0002274691,0.0002809204,0.0002537191,0.0003133009,0.0003053894,0.0001886717,0.0004205483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003441377,0.0001701946,0.0002334704,0.0002175021,0.000312373,0.0002082859,0.0002826745,0.0002907612,0.00009252359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001065985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004055245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01038476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02922604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997413,0.00006421737,0.00002431805,0.00006851221,0.00004188859,0.0000598142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993533,0.0001341499,0.000217717,0.000037814,0.00007118512,0.0001856911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002415956,0.0004777407,0.09802135,0.0001306194,0.0001459862,0.0002402575,0.0002489411,0.0006596369,0.891409,0.00003559131,0.00006210716,0.006152882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003677033,0.002689037,0.972472,0.000004108598,0.0000455678,0.00009279992,0.0001988288,0.000728296,0.02344376,0.00001657655,0.0002613129,0.00001093908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998671,0.00002716304,0.00002191762,0.000003315276,5.040824e-7,0.000002881433,0.00002038346,0.000002738025,0.00005397505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995198,0.00004013292,0.0001801599,0.00001273243,9.388024e-7,0.000007653339,0.0000960862,0.000002832635,0.000139689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01038476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02064866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345141841","doi":"10.1111/wre.12207","title":"Rapid and early changes in morphology and gene expression in soya bean seedlings emerging in the presence of neighbouring weeds","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Soybean genetics and cultivation","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hypocotyl; Seedling; Biology; Point of delivery; Botany; Gene; Shade avoidance; Shoot; Reactive oxygen species; Developmental stage; Gene expression; Horticulture; Arabidopsis; Cell biology; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Andrew McKenzie‐Gopsill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eun-Do LEE","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lewis Lukens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06092016002238149,"gpt":0.2921153922662888,"spread":0.2311952322439073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006752377,0.0001854781,0.0002382342,0.0002700671,0.0001657577,0.0001996703,0.00008322053,0.0001653397,0.000874401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001013642,0.0001418178,0.00025368,0.0001238256,0.0001586521,0.0001279556,0.0001524023,0.0004536153,0.0001652812],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002574064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001191839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002212796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002969861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999363,0.000005684045,0.000003059606,0.00002246125,0.00001416488,0.00001825538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998481,0.00001954122,0.0000364193,0.000009030095,0.00002573455,0.00006107688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004777867,0.000003883628,0.0008178405,0.000008525242,0.000001773543,0.00002912194,0.00002144448,0.000005176041,0.9988816,0.000005405043,0.000004623359,0.0001728358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001566702,0.0005897687,0.7439528,0.000008636221,0.00002668732,0.0004070427,0.000577564,0.0005962179,0.2527571,0.00006176189,0.0009880885,0.00001877134],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987276,0.0002108776,0.0004424284,0.00001551416,0.000006323431,0.000007596146,0.0002146144,0.00002413569,0.0003508638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975771,0.0001018394,0.0005521033,0.0000387201,0.000003939842,0.00002157813,0.0003955685,0.00001265114,0.001296445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002212796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004399896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165234310","doi":"10.1111/wre.12135","title":"Invasive aquatic plants in the aquarium and ornamental pond industries: a risk assessment for southern <scp>O</scp> ntario ( <scp>C</scp> anada)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Propagule pressure; Biological dispersal; Invasive species; Ornamental plant; Biology; Alien; Introduced species; Alien species; Propagule; Risk assessment; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Shakira Azan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michal Bardecki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew E. Laursen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06051577437858793,"gpt":0.3130221304738307,"spread":0.2525063560952428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006133742,0.0005009498,0.0001812096,0.0006059125,0.0004389955,0.0006974313,0.0003723052,0.0002367838,0.0008353354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008664003,0.0001510983,0.0005941415,0.0004379245,0.0003108389,0.0002369373,0.0005769135,0.000246518,0.00007727775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00510698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002614887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4288612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6321917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998078,0.00004749079,0.000006326286,0.00002676738,0.00007489262,0.0000368208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994928,0.0001577457,0.0001296418,0.00002394426,0.00009637856,0.00009954136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000223917,0.000092737,0.9256949,0.00005355298,0.0001601585,0.0003645376,0.0004023002,0.06064492,0.00182676,0.0006525921,0.0006652996,0.009218321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003421504,0.0004414241,0.7907358,0.00003014558,0.0001508965,0.0002668196,0.001170548,0.2038237,0.0007674375,0.0007536612,0.001790773,0.00003452347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983866,0.00005077015,0.0006546117,0.00006055658,0.000001023856,0.00001728122,0.0001898727,0.000007697849,0.000631652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983361,0.00006904438,0.0007196788,0.000007894991,0.000001324573,0.000006643451,0.0002863623,0.000002665343,0.0005702983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5711388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8527299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889924305","doi":"10.1111/wre.12330","title":"The effects of climate warming and urbanised areas on the future distribution of <i>Cortaderia selloana</i>, pampas grass, in France","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Habitat; Biological dispersal; Geography; Climate change; Range (aeronautics); Ecology; Species distribution; Mediterranean climate; Global warming; Environmental niche modelling; Distribution (mathematics); Ecological niche; Environmental science; Population; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Simon Tarabon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Romain Bertrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claude Lavoie","is_ca":true},{"name":"T Vigouroux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis Isselin‐Nondedeu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.017725478716834,"gpt":0.2865169096681692,"spread":0.2687914309513352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005627887,0.0004393713,0.0002200155,0.0004916979,0.0002569222,0.0009641282,0.0004331807,0.0006912002,0.001372619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006922454,0.0001610274,0.0009017645,0.000328547,0.0003688244,0.0004152176,0.0003150318,0.0002722974,0.0001756534],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002041531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004471104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1206182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07813182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998353,0.00004802589,0.000006199535,0.00004983745,0.00001641881,0.00004420431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996413,0.0001518939,0.00006746329,0.00002727924,0.00006293844,0.00004911646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001848697,0.00007505756,0.4243653,0.00006231523,0.0001556676,0.0004755747,0.0001733903,0.5635799,0.003261807,0.0006579098,0.000678624,0.006329525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005925984,0.0001727507,0.4523575,0.00003716146,0.00007368067,0.0002091329,0.0004320242,0.5429082,0.000884775,0.0004572457,0.002345106,0.00006315033],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985015,0.00009092777,0.0003831733,0.00009362106,0.000004083608,0.000002963377,0.0003590968,0.00003746938,0.0005272065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999352,0.00004042902,0.0002127186,0.00001131195,0.000001907879,0.000003740544,0.0002738617,0.00000381068,0.000100199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1206182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2398323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2942554349","doi":"10.1111/wre.12365","title":"Early physiological and biochemical responses of soyabean to neighbouring weeds under resource‐independent competition","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Health PEI; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Syngenta Canada","keywords":"Catalase; Photosynthesis; Competition (biology); Superoxide dismutase; Lipid peroxidation; Superoxide; Reactive oxygen species; Chemistry; Botany; Biology; Oxidative stress; Biochemistry; Ecology; Enzyme","authors":[{"name":"Andrew McKenzie‐Gopsill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sasan Amirsadeghi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Helena Earl","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Maxwell Phineas Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lewis Lukens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eun-Do LEE","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03465584122771803,"gpt":0.3213373873128772,"spread":0.2866815460851592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001380947,0.0002173261,0.000373884,0.0001380683,0.0002185417,0.0002536718,0.0001423418,0.0002462744,0.0007953671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002074611,0.0001246593,0.0001339401,0.0001012173,0.0001957159,0.0001941302,0.0002821027,0.000391,0.0001285082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003962893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001885467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002159485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002691462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999278,0.00001290305,0.000003444688,0.00002143253,0.00001399582,0.0000205518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997811,0.0000370011,0.00004571044,0.00001433018,0.00002626485,0.00009556238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001365957,0.000008642894,0.0006044327,0.00001028045,0.000002268831,0.00002856727,0.00001996203,0.00002154969,0.9989634,0.00001175789,0.000004521792,0.0001880814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006149919,0.002712538,0.5218309,0.00001226705,0.00004708301,0.0006311068,0.0008403069,0.004052246,0.4677387,0.0002925442,0.001727798,0.0000529819],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995982,0.00007711892,0.000140309,0.00001063733,0.00000183807,0.000003281894,0.00002496025,0.000007984427,0.0001356896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991334,0.00003829285,0.000221302,0.00002676757,0.000001979161,0.00000930062,0.00008958513,0.000006300501,0.0004731286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002159485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004293799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605404107","doi":"10.1111/wre.12248","title":"Early autumn soil disturbance decreases persistence of volunteer summer‐annual oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Agronomy; Seedling; Population; Biology; Persistence (discontinuity); Brassica; Dormancy; Volunteer; Tillage; Growing season; Crop; Germination; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Charles M. Geddes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert H. Gulden","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07858831899483004,"gpt":0.3156330908740222,"spread":0.2370447718791922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007913374,0.000143415,0.0001218937,0.0001410133,0.0002041944,0.0002854398,0.0002166163,0.00009224108,0.0009448841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002042388,0.00009860143,0.0001129719,0.00008394111,0.0001121108,0.0001045793,0.0001240912,0.0001868465,0.0001445526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009076521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00082738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0980611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2344732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999512,0.000004551365,0.000002983521,0.00001232231,0.00001095753,0.00001798319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996812,0.00003301154,0.00009367306,0.00001973428,0.00006669207,0.0001055892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006372348,0.0002363879,0.2160185,0.00008088322,0.00006719762,0.0001076493,0.000346676,0.0004011241,0.7681914,0.00004218234,0.0003655299,0.01350506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000739814,0.000410555,0.9774022,0.00000687604,0.000018646,0.00007890838,0.0003208766,0.0005105988,0.02022375,0.00001973249,0.0009959725,0.000004475271],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995866,0.00005427851,0.00004969044,0.000008716731,9.027471e-7,0.00000167352,0.00005170941,0.000009512444,0.0002367334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991111,0.00004981019,0.00008904863,0.00001697022,5.896317e-7,0.000002438231,0.0001773721,0.000003592056,0.0005490741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0980611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1949806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216479769","doi":"10.1111/wre.12514","title":"Predicted climate conditions and cover crop composition modify weed communities in semiarid agroecosystems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Montana Wheat and Barley Committee; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Cover crop; Agroecosystem; Weed; Environmental science; Agronomy; Growing season; Agroforestry; Crop; Agriculture; Biodiversity; Species richness; Climate change; Biomass (ecology); Crop rotation; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Mary Ellyn DuPre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Seipel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maryse Bourgault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darin L. Boss","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabián D. Menalled","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05448888423534014,"gpt":0.3159778510600443,"spread":0.2614889668247042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000336475,0.0002112898,0.0002346626,0.0004207036,0.0002835907,0.0004335243,0.0002711836,0.0001503736,0.0008007658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000559254,0.0001426436,0.0002375442,0.0003429392,0.0003303681,0.0003248348,0.0004424945,0.000151244,0.00008962078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007339368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002154595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006826948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01354401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997624,0.00007307137,0.00002039977,0.00008176039,0.00002819507,0.00003415738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994597,0.0001572766,0.0001775917,0.00005150103,0.0000487793,0.0001051268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007389284,0.0003236021,0.8671037,0.0001021937,0.0002537957,0.0002606465,0.0005006722,0.004544229,0.118065,0.0001801586,0.0002108253,0.007716177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004756855,0.00005995983,0.996632,0.000002358549,0.000009931549,0.00001607844,0.0001629175,0.002608621,0.0003639166,0.00003441214,0.0001011809,0.000003739428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997607,0.00001179263,0.00008135517,0.000004757057,5.95545e-7,0.000002997959,0.00005478831,0.000004027663,0.00007898656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996743,0.00001374939,0.0001292802,0.000007830396,7.767114e-7,0.000006663893,0.000134281,0.000002401439,0.0000306244],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006826948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01357442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1898722722","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00951.x","title":"Tracing the origins of White Tip disease of <i>Cirsium arvense</i> and its causal agent, <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Phoma; Cirsium arvense; Thistle; Bioherbicide; Botany; Weed","authors":[{"name":"Harry C. Evans","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. K. Seier","is_ca":false},{"name":"J‐A DERBY","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart P. Falk","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. L. Bailey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04022285717402684,"gpt":0.3187222150160697,"spread":0.2784993578420428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001881652,0.000185632,0.0001470457,0.000489845,0.000232281,0.0004328823,0.0002028347,0.000245719,0.0004538067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002856751,0.000155031,0.0001326369,0.0003560379,0.0001622525,0.0001908101,0.0002638562,0.0003356908,0.0002114682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003995611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002226279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01011218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01666816,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998071,0.00002836008,0.00001134458,0.0000592662,0.00004278452,0.0000512692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995168,0.00008112771,0.0001881917,0.00002883543,0.0001272912,0.0000578307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002413056,0.00009207815,0.1740361,0.00008362738,0.00002019733,0.000514772,0.0004991079,0.00008435685,0.8146059,0.0001285359,0.0001212875,0.009572687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006628302,0.0005400872,0.9458298,0.0000236016,0.00003508907,0.001263144,0.001267687,0.0002097934,0.04744368,0.00002989125,0.003341416,0.000009279527],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984136,0.0002685591,0.0001938671,0.0000221787,0.000003208467,0.00001637568,0.0001708038,0.000005267049,0.0009060727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998705,0.0001539761,0.0004076741,0.00002020124,0.000002212579,0.000005573841,0.0004054648,0.000002439675,0.0002974269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01011218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02010661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2288546254","doi":"10.1111/wre.12202","title":"Survival of seeds from perennial biomass species during commercial‐scale anaerobic digestion","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Bioenergy crop production and management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agricultural Adaptation Council; University of Guelph; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Panicum virgatum; Digestate; Phalaris arundinacea; Perennial plant; Miscanthus; Anaerobic digestion; Agronomy; Biomass (ecology); Biology; Bioenergy; Germination; Panicum; Eleusine indica; Phragmites; Botany; Biofuel; Weed; Biotechnology; Ecology; Wetland","authors":[{"name":"Kurtis Baute","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darren E. Robinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura L. Van Eerd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Edson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter H. Sikkema","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brandon H. Gilroyed","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07873485548696364,"gpt":0.2891748121301324,"spread":0.2104399566431687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001733518,0.0001933377,0.0001644446,0.0001699004,0.000224248,0.0002436841,0.0001637925,0.0001362735,0.0007626176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002036102,0.00008647054,0.0001578971,0.0000960468,0.0001079147,0.0001807554,0.0002394934,0.000238539,0.0001674481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002289125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001248242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001809632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002898146,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999181,0.00001255273,0.000008446021,0.00002528073,0.00001773636,0.00001781268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997218,0.00006604493,0.000062691,0.00002929033,0.00005000417,0.00007006778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002270737,0.00003326938,0.003362113,0.00001950337,0.000006579028,0.00004231864,0.000057708,0.000032926,0.9947344,0.00001216325,0.00002058995,0.001451384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003168051,0.003824795,0.3929181,0.00001500451,0.00004495843,0.0004170395,0.0004857039,0.001607154,0.5988045,0.00008566064,0.001740513,0.00002486589],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993056,0.000135239,0.000155945,0.000005168134,0.000003369152,0.000005834177,0.0001025344,0.000004355019,0.0002820202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978817,0.00007376282,0.0004730007,0.00001451121,0.000001851448,0.00001356612,0.0004966918,0.000005206854,0.001039558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001809632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003598273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042093732","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00476.x","title":"Competitive interactions in mixtures of broccoli and <i>Chenopodium album</i> grown at two UV‐B radiation levels under glasshouse conditions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Growth and nutrition in plants","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Interspecific competition; Intraspecific competition; Chenopodium; Competition (biology); Biology; Brassica oleracea; Horticulture; Brassica; Botany; Chemistry; Ecology; Weed","authors":[{"name":"Nancy H. Furness","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter A. Jolliffe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahesh K. Upadhyaya","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07717653103314959,"gpt":0.3534571209115011,"spread":0.2762805898783515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005279067,0.0005411596,0.0007761735,0.0006124162,0.0006008547,0.0005023369,0.0005477791,0.0003507673,0.0008487894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004666009,0.0004784398,0.0004243325,0.0002820604,0.0002519687,0.0003624862,0.000542294,0.0005017404,0.0001877536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00132228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004433552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01013615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01734336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994602,0.0001573496,0.00004571395,0.000146619,0.0001065356,0.00008356457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988661,0.0003490368,0.000237641,0.00006587289,0.000157318,0.0003240606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007043759,0.00005788272,0.003672945,0.0000433881,0.00003663637,0.00005077422,0.00005495492,0.00007786112,0.9944848,0.00002103481,0.00001496792,0.0007802096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001751221,0.006012332,0.5835658,0.00003961118,0.0003637612,0.0006535592,0.0008212191,0.008333435,0.3974693,0.00009792441,0.00235437,0.000113543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994766,0.0001889071,0.0001054589,0.000009198159,0.000002868138,0.000007886985,0.00004016882,0.000006940176,0.0001620124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982228,0.0001150086,0.0007737146,0.00002978646,0.000004883605,0.00002253105,0.0003056125,0.000009694385,0.0005159736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01013615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0201543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985904701","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00336.x","title":"Sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in <i>Sonchus asper</i> biotypes in Alberta, Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture Food and Rural Development; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Alberta; University of Guelph; Alberta Environment and Protected Areas","funders":"","keywords":"Sulfonylurea; Acetolactate synthase; Biology; Agronomy; Herbicide resistance; Hordeum vulgare; Phytopharmacology; Pesticide; Weed control; Botany; Poaceae; Biotechnology; Enzyme","authors":[{"name":"Abdur Rashid","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. C. Newman","is_ca":true},{"name":"John O’Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darren E. Robinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Denise Maurice","is_ca":false},{"name":"D.P. Poisson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda M. Hall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02753105652643493,"gpt":0.2676949615055799,"spread":0.2401639049791449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002155493,0.0002900242,0.0002914251,0.001314869,0.00115929,0.0005421338,0.0004066694,0.000202596,0.0007627142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001797885,0.0001955357,0.0002183278,0.000917005,0.0004570658,0.0001053122,0.0002227621,0.000219202,0.0001931003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006327479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003310287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8688886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9582044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997041,0.0000129517,0.00001219042,0.00006810513,0.0001029349,0.00009970085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995851,0.00002593887,0.00005998902,0.00001907357,0.0002141729,0.00009588367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001482176,0.0002039798,0.3372515,0.00008864378,0.000097472,0.001197436,0.001795605,0.0004222885,0.6395041,0.0002577108,0.0005868777,0.01711215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001499302,0.0001315797,0.9885174,0.00000688142,0.00002007186,0.0002226239,0.0007739671,0.0002515745,0.007845664,0.00001681803,0.002185446,0.00001293255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982444,0.0001573924,0.00008680989,0.00001698641,0.000002964924,0.00002093134,0.0003922142,0.000009787398,0.001068502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962254,0.0001738086,0.0003517479,0.00003059237,0.000001606631,0.000009455102,0.001259985,0.000008899646,0.001938548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1311114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.263767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109184576","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00309.x","title":"A risk‐qualified approach to calculate locally varying herbicide application rates","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Alberta; Assiniboine Community College","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Weed control; Profit (economics); Agricultural engineering; Competition (biology); Environmental science; Mathematics; Agronomy; Economics; Ecology; Engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"T. Faechner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karl P. Norrena","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. G. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clayton V. Deutsch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09240366149948619,"gpt":0.3240057572502033,"spread":0.2316020957507171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002363688,0.0009905499,0.0007165437,0.001393929,0.0004984397,0.001210829,0.001600981,0.001031501,0.003667196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009754105,0.0007203309,0.001485122,0.001058633,0.0004046078,0.001076514,0.0007687191,0.00123559,0.0007962089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001312707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001644911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008722237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006373722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987987,0.0003495754,0.0000866192,0.0001805783,0.0005026618,0.00008189936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979583,0.001146519,0.0003263786,0.0001854637,0.0003493246,0.00003406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005223392,0.00003974854,0.001707401,0.00007205387,0.00005233958,0.0001050165,0.00005500463,0.9344994,0.003570921,0.01506296,0.0007159074,0.04406708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009466571,0.00005347932,0.0005038689,0.00001491268,0.00002525252,0.0001088909,0.00001932964,0.9881513,0.002025965,0.006852025,0.002211216,0.00002420555],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006284134,0.00008575384,0.991211,0.00007367515,0.00001623014,0.00006044617,0.00007687878,0.0003448928,0.001846819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3892766,0.0004044898,0.6047989,0.0001185673,0.00002852492,0.0004933736,0.0003151225,0.0003988981,0.004165487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008722237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01734293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895911601","doi":"10.1111/wre.12336","title":"Evaluation of <i>Galium</i> species and populations using morphological characters and molecular markers","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Research","topic":"Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Bayer CropScience; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; FMC Corporation; Monsanto Company; BASF","keywords":"Galium; Biology; Weed; Botany; Ribosomal RNA; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"A C Deroo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter E. Eckstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dilshan Benaragama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aaron D. Beattie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian J. Willenborg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2506900300696573,"gpt":0.4023601756698512,"spread":0.1516701456001939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003378955,0.0002543971,0.0002337312,0.001318965,0.0009369418,0.0008665625,0.0006262535,0.0002051166,0.0007979866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004565091,0.0001210125,0.0001739165,0.000897386,0.0004164222,0.0001536119,0.0004796057,0.0002546143,0.0001681588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002444786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001220552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2487254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4792269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999752,0.00002400762,0.00001509794,0.00008509572,0.00006142539,0.00006236064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995294,0.00005206559,0.00008081621,0.00002852709,0.0002144649,0.00009481925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000480442,0.00008345932,0.468398,0.0001708916,0.0001355764,0.0006047472,0.003055826,0.0003470661,0.4951343,0.0004023877,0.0003890371,0.03079822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007768105,0.00008785472,0.9893414,0.00001744844,0.00003317944,0.0001845342,0.001438833,0.0002018017,0.005882889,0.00003521521,0.002760584,0.00000846827],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969452,0.0001473111,0.0004317303,0.00002183933,0.000002454378,0.00003564922,0.0004751822,0.00001457473,0.001926008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962726,0.00009564241,0.001597442,0.000041816,0.000001464321,0.00002867557,0.00117444,0.00001013243,0.0007778978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2487254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4945554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}