{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":244,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":244,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c8e7f6814369","filters":{"venue":"Weed Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W2792666393","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2017.78","title":"Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":361,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Weed control; Weed; Agriculture; Weed science; Business; Agroforestry; Biotechnology; Biology; Agronomy; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"James H. Westwood","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Charudattan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen O. Duke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven A. Fennimore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pam Marrone","is_ca":false},{"name":"David C. Slaughter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard K. Zollinger","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01268995138910103,"gpt":0.2393014206946799,"spread":0.2266114693055789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006990788,0.001073544,0.001469821,0.001968783,0.002575252,0.005002828,0.002026119,0.009857053,0.01478375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004995269,0.0002625137,0.00141043,0.001443304,0.0057999,0.009400597,0.003771803,0.009829809,0.002564368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00370124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009181049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00455654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0070949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980823,0.000570599,0.0001162997,0.0002461566,0.0005695968,0.0004151432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934106,0.002961882,0.0003656468,0.000180195,0.001392119,0.001689505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004180825,0.0003988626,0.001930455,0.005041094,0.0001320036,0.0008865084,0.001321777,0.001822483,0.005569556,0.1614368,0.4272246,0.3938178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002797491,0.0003283933,0.002509306,0.002730199,0.00005620766,0.0004401599,0.00282777,0.0006923173,0.0004416516,0.1293167,0.8605259,0.0001034296],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002672947,0.4994227,0.002212081,0.4724998,0.01106867,0.00001345106,0.0002527192,0.0001521708,0.01170542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07694263,0.675711,0.01053889,0.2091665,0.01745883,0.0001028047,0.0005863698,0.0001151028,0.009377936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01478375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04945654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173873052","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0002:aiatat]2.0.co;2","title":"Assembly theory applied to weed communities","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Ecology; Abiotic component; Weed; Community; Extant taxon; Biology; Geography; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Habitat; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"B. D. Booth","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08381856078989879,"gpt":0.2106692629541062,"spread":0.1268507021642075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002592058,0.0008513019,0.001334283,0.003283601,0.002501936,0.001895553,0.001630724,0.001805349,0.006324683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008722567,0.0005706414,0.002105002,0.002214349,0.003183485,0.003437014,0.002664943,0.002352527,0.001354569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002132834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001037165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006612517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003408176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984196,0.0007657042,0.00008330555,0.0002355942,0.0003373251,0.0001584141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995773,0.00236948,0.0004604113,0.0003962758,0.0006548165,0.000345958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009304154,0.00001042851,0.0007015435,0.00008102989,0.00003534162,0.0001197993,0.0002655842,0.03291659,0.0003340759,0.9550999,0.001905824,0.00852063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009083734,0.00001403052,0.0003710818,0.00002563665,0.00001098032,0.00007883715,0.00007262521,0.1581771,0.00007752294,0.8327651,0.008383532,0.00001441214],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01800888,0.002960227,0.9495298,0.001338999,0.0003894657,0.00008525453,0.0002162386,0.0002152089,0.02725592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6264312,0.005822054,0.3281304,0.001098402,0.001972593,0.000796771,0.001089629,0.0004613156,0.03419771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006612517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02115816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069247097","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-13-00062.1","title":"Experimental Methods for Crop–Weed Competition Studies","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":210,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Competition (biology); Liberian dollar; Crop; Us dollar; Weed control; Agricultural economics; Weed science; Agroforestry; Agronomy; Economics; Agricultural science; Environmental science; Business; Biology; Ecology; Exchange rate; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roger Nkoa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1388804714526759,"gpt":0.408694684761086,"spread":0.26981421330841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005752019,0.00329943,0.002794382,0.004234968,0.003407958,0.001845972,0.004599248,0.002602013,0.1072192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008287208,0.001766685,0.002334353,0.003363405,0.00200962,0.002200381,0.002433355,0.008051706,0.0439353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001335676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002958222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004108097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007396493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933435,0.001208634,0.001094296,0.002070364,0.00155248,0.0007308448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906762,0.00263875,0.0007752539,0.003476386,0.002000176,0.0004330957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005419137,0.004675845,0.00341784,0.006620264,0.0004651232,0.001538728,0.001955523,0.003118784,0.7237821,0.02383169,0.07762794,0.147547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001938767,0.004689531,0.01127579,0.001145104,0.0006047639,0.001284832,0.0006937294,0.006669593,0.2865742,0.02015293,0.6644948,0.0004758072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02846113,0.003309771,0.7793846,0.0009563696,0.00494022,0.05172665,0.07597591,0.01198334,0.04326195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04859988,0.004158919,0.6621718,0.001551727,0.0004776326,0.1778637,0.04270925,0.006398471,0.05606855],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1072192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.358684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173964302","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-125r1.1","title":"Promotion of weed species diversity and reduction of weed seedbanks with conservation tillage and crop rotation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Trinity Western University; Western University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Tillage; Agronomy; Plough; Crop rotation; Chisel; Mulch-till; Biology; Weed control; Crop; No-till farming; Ecology; Geography; Soil water; Soil fertility","authors":[{"name":"Stephen D. Murphy","is_ca":true},{"name":"David R. Cléments","is_ca":true},{"name":"Svenja Belaoussoff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter G. Kevan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01756660934012625,"gpt":0.1928569879700111,"spread":0.1752903786298848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000366545,0.0002475612,0.0002427697,0.0002251429,0.0005380859,0.0002429844,0.0002285596,0.0001325369,0.0005034529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008068479,0.000155318,0.0001954677,0.0001755935,0.0004919157,0.0001625694,0.0001855349,0.0002097403,0.0000738128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002402141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001690069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1864481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5300242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997743,0.00003167496,0.000007353822,0.00004417792,0.00005287461,0.000089555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992198,0.0001143562,0.0002096317,0.00005322304,0.0001212508,0.0002817081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005842527,0.001609371,0.776144,0.0001013747,0.0001182382,0.0006917378,0.001541116,0.0008201931,0.1886281,0.00006266927,0.0002509562,0.02418971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002950323,0.001215343,0.9963205,0.00000119064,0.000009814637,0.00002945364,0.0001031606,0.0001055391,0.001943833,0.000009327372,0.0002289067,0.00000346411],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998313,0.0000233199,0.00002628938,0.000006405021,4.905037e-7,0.000006711393,0.00002558532,0.00000136004,0.00007852151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986286,0.00005485036,0.0002708874,0.00001643467,0.000002132057,0.00001171744,0.000123151,0.000001002047,0.0008911961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1864481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3707258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153161740","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-104r","title":"Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Agronomy; Sowing; Fertilizer; Ammonium nitrate; Crop; Weed control; Nitrogen; Foxtail; Biomass (ecology); Lambsquarters; Field experiment; Crop yield; Environmental science; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Molnár","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. H. Janzen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01300160868381292,"gpt":0.2397078340027439,"spread":0.226706225318931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004042344,0.0002677058,0.0002609862,0.0002175805,0.0001709709,0.0003109729,0.0002674951,0.0003362332,0.0008092726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001018069,0.0001812547,0.0001913118,0.0001476259,0.0001631825,0.0002573392,0.0001897713,0.0002448226,0.0001276156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005822456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003771456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006479214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997514,0.00007587436,0.00001906667,0.00006359643,0.00004912454,0.00004100213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991016,0.0003609221,0.0002603623,0.00002919025,0.00007540585,0.0001725371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00180045,0.0004673207,0.1440497,0.00008579115,0.00008699544,0.0003003927,0.0001339864,0.0005100254,0.8419611,0.00004449895,0.0001488468,0.01041084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004413161,0.00193074,0.9799033,0.000005466696,0.00004750433,0.0001334988,0.0001362491,0.001539452,0.01550874,0.00005082603,0.000683004,0.00001714312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994968,0.00008154767,0.0001003396,0.00001328093,0.000003648417,0.000005162738,0.00002879308,0.000004615098,0.0002657241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985838,0.00007218104,0.0003140731,0.00005085331,0.000004562269,0.00001121442,0.00009125565,0.000007026546,0.0008650085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006479214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01288301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119744294","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-14-00067.1","title":"The Role of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Weed Seed Consumption: A Review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":174,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Canola Producers Commission","keywords":"Weed; Weed control; Agroecosystem; Ground beetle; Predation; Generalist and specialist species; Biology; Context (archaeology); Seed predation; Biological pest control; Omnivore; Agroforestry; Ecology; Agronomy; Agriculture; Habitat; Population; Seed dispersal","authors":[{"name":"Sharavari S. Kulkarni","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lloyd M. Dosdall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian J. Willenborg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04232279088869127,"gpt":0.2969942539034831,"spread":0.2546714630147918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000460368,0.0007548828,0.001064124,0.003041488,0.0002744395,0.0007706581,0.000643967,0.0007245851,0.002883241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008771849,0.0002553302,0.0005606554,0.003089085,0.0002514602,0.001036906,0.0004703354,0.0006819096,0.000767004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004075395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001328322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002266575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003978292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998531,0.00002065782,0.00003028195,0.00003043063,0.00005142087,0.00001414297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995179,0.0002471288,0.00009101476,0.000009222334,0.00009593348,0.00003879916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007463616,0.00007636,0.0006367064,0.06045276,0.0002242777,0.000183465,0.000119446,0.0003824272,0.001611475,0.00132292,0.01536603,0.9195495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002014614,0.0002721283,0.005954219,0.01957573,0.0008286975,0.001348651,0.0002257083,0.0001572339,0.0006553427,0.00137657,0.9695477,0.00003799649],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002524354,0.9990686,0.00005434556,0.0001098252,0.00005957216,0.000003558029,0.00002671157,0.000004393361,0.0004205799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007874286,0.9988451,0.00009984391,0.00004856509,0.0000386367,0.000003032847,0.00002690707,5.452816e-7,0.0001500339],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003041488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009645462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998653878","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-11-00062.1","title":"Evolution of Resistance to Auxinic Herbicides: Historical Perspectives, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Implications for Broadleaf Weed Management in Agronomic Crops","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Weed; Herbicide resistance; Auxin; Botany; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"J. Christopher Hall","is_ca":true},{"name":"William G. Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin B. Kelley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dean E. Riechers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02367499478329523,"gpt":0.2347151395595808,"spread":0.2110401447762855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001293922,0.0004039226,0.0005127912,0.002598359,0.0004369015,0.001273621,0.0005266781,0.0008958836,0.0009949418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001314328,0.0002850414,0.0002644367,0.003377728,0.001482096,0.001747996,0.0006554039,0.001142416,0.0002476259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001575172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008068217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002460491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00253767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995831,0.00007178745,0.00004447745,0.0001853924,0.00006633191,0.00004888462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991497,0.0003302328,0.0002402481,0.00002914376,0.0001609748,0.0000897032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003780841,0.0001294669,0.03667582,0.00951667,0.0002552452,0.001771454,0.002887356,0.001685567,0.02198803,0.04185273,0.004195337,0.8786642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003981439,0.001177931,0.2706058,0.005594835,0.0005855418,0.008486653,0.003799855,0.001154445,0.008635351,0.02956972,0.6701156,0.0002344469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02034591,0.973231,0.0007672265,0.001835294,0.0001160662,0.000008141055,0.00006172547,0.00001481598,0.003619845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07535896,0.9216161,0.0009987707,0.0006849603,0.0003030619,0.000009718755,0.0001050092,0.000007437876,0.0009160347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002598359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01142871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101237327","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0326:cpowci]2.0.co;2","title":"Critical period of weed control in spring canola","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Canola; Weed; Crop; Agronomy; Weed control; Brassica; Biology; Crop yield","authors":[{"name":"Steven George. Martin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lyle F. Friesen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005844821258065824,"gpt":0.2625529575381669,"spread":0.256708136280101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004874855,0.0004088401,0.0005351512,0.0007819821,0.001237269,0.0007855783,0.001069285,0.0004725232,0.002036158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008943859,0.000334592,0.0003185649,0.0003930439,0.0004224426,0.0006691869,0.0005813168,0.001082401,0.0002711652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003213536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001696197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03896405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09332798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999549,0.0000792768,0.00002655035,0.0001181596,0.0001275848,0.00009933387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998023,0.0005563388,0.0003655065,0.00009652582,0.0002881094,0.0006705205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003227066,0.001092572,0.008201995,0.0002373242,0.00005276631,0.0002928344,0.0004527693,0.0005562674,0.9748662,0.0003408914,0.0004945297,0.01018478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004859829,0.01725074,0.4998932,0.0001309331,0.0002413728,0.0005256337,0.001475044,0.006245116,0.4508868,0.001230044,0.02137422,0.0002608767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964516,0.0007551193,0.0004437261,0.0001077448,0.00002640293,0.00005888215,0.0001822499,0.00005637301,0.001917981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925438,0.0005541774,0.001336124,0.0003730751,0.00001632362,0.0001335545,0.0008763754,0.00004513883,0.004121489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03896405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07747453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034271721","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0640:unwltp]2.0.co;2","title":"Using noxious weed lists to prioritize targets for developing weed management strategies","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Noxious weed; Cirsium arvense; Biology; Weed; Weed control; Agronomy; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Kerri Skinner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lincoln Smıth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Rice","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05750887812045921,"gpt":0.2897425107590759,"spread":0.2322336326386167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001401709,0.0005079391,0.0005911373,0.00940511,0.001035624,0.001548701,0.0008758482,0.0002484119,0.003682728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00298786,0.0001884099,0.0003332422,0.005921544,0.0001790331,0.0005715733,0.0009162783,0.0003457921,0.000864637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002737579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005941787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3614839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6254345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991941,0.00008633434,0.00007400254,0.0001142384,0.0003879438,0.0001434187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973029,0.0004979404,0.0005693216,0.0001036264,0.001217155,0.0003089377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006146973,0.0002603774,0.5442133,0.002583589,0.0002873725,0.000773001,0.001941229,0.005999362,0.02726132,0.002854446,0.04838375,0.3648277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001135508,0.0002973547,0.7754736,0.0007110978,0.000511242,0.0004477227,0.004504352,0.01278657,0.009875045,0.003219993,0.1919194,0.0001401464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7251841,0.01143335,0.03696591,0.00279328,0.0001525646,0.002077869,0.139036,0.003419041,0.07893793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7884476,0.006964198,0.0990736,0.001046081,0.00005497896,0.0007412859,0.09230874,0.0003917543,0.01097182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3614839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7187597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144495949","doi":"10.1614/ws-08-065.1","title":"Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Effects on Weed Competitiveness is Species Dependent","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Agronomy; Fertilizer; Thistle; Biology; Competition (biology); Crop; Weed control; Nitrogen; Chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall N. Brandt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02303125907751981,"gpt":0.2202167845878769,"spread":0.1971855255103571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005015848,0.0003673332,0.0004816989,0.0003752715,0.0002386072,0.0003923809,0.0003628415,0.0003660959,0.001756563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007923564,0.0003215487,0.0002845052,0.0001661479,0.0003872228,0.0003468668,0.0003892891,0.0003272921,0.0001880424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004640038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002965751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003050754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007782658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996124,0.0001198139,0.0000328409,0.00009371967,0.00008860677,0.00005258511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987424,0.0005441199,0.0002968865,0.0001068772,0.00009967725,0.0002100284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005844479,0.0000838946,0.005038568,0.00004453119,0.00002820115,0.00005359017,0.00003521434,0.0001059202,0.9922122,0.00002883236,0.00002142627,0.001763268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001551724,0.007405736,0.6422393,0.00001916327,0.0001480091,0.0005236714,0.0003054251,0.003521956,0.342393,0.0003126559,0.002894395,0.00008150797],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989177,0.0001719272,0.0001839991,0.00001862556,0.000003456807,0.00001047409,0.00005481175,0.00001045641,0.0006285922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983821,0.0001819372,0.0005445356,0.00004824638,0.000003228076,0.00001772845,0.0001897844,0.00001860174,0.0006138775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003050754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006065965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144899148","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-158r","title":"Red–far-red ratio of reflected light: a hypothesis of why early-season weed control is important in corn","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Sowing; Far-red; Weed; Shoot; Crop; Growing season; Horticulture; Agronomy; Biology; Mathematics; Chemistry; Animal science; Red light; Botany","authors":[{"name":"I. Rajčan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Chandler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01800834938206686,"gpt":0.2256702850212073,"spread":0.2076619356391405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006215427,0.0003123584,0.0004928201,0.0003781199,0.0002998447,0.0006263556,0.0007904766,0.0005999305,0.001179277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008977631,0.0003563922,0.00040487,0.000172185,0.0006579502,0.0006624685,0.0003148018,0.0004282382,0.0002333091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004848373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003030997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002695947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001854652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996916,0.00005351779,0.00002206287,0.0001012447,0.00006177633,0.00006991701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993063,0.0002591659,0.000151805,0.00006743766,0.00005259755,0.000162688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002105891,0.0003190605,0.01622575,0.00009651784,0.00002424507,0.0001869324,0.0000649579,0.0003470448,0.9757543,0.0004428851,0.00004809767,0.004384443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004285014,0.005045181,0.7542834,0.00001798938,0.0001114299,0.0005239185,0.0002738301,0.01305338,0.2242874,0.001011742,0.000899782,0.00006336926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973238,0.0002760103,0.001411338,0.00007682788,0.00001128801,0.00002642236,0.00005240391,0.00003153278,0.0007903527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981275,0.000108937,0.001137421,0.00008665176,0.000008058285,0.00002748153,0.00005503531,0.00001121967,0.0004376026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002695947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005360425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134628674","doi":"10.1614/ws-05-014r.1","title":"Weed suppression and crop production in annual intercrops","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Manitoba Rural Adaptation Council","keywords":"Canola; Field pea; Agronomy; Weed; Sativum; Crop; Biology; Intercropping; Weed control; Brassica; Crop yield","authors":[{"name":"Anthony R. Szumigalski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01740409558285444,"gpt":0.2459179775672108,"spread":0.2285138819843563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000317049,0.0003280137,0.0002394817,0.0003910666,0.0004537587,0.000373291,0.0003874235,0.0001352741,0.001119898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003647401,0.0002450842,0.0001432567,0.0002501915,0.0002538972,0.000228278,0.0004062707,0.000288412,0.0001864992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001026802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005360975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03508237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1744111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999805,0.00002753557,0.000008410561,0.00008042274,0.0000381493,0.0000404504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993777,0.00007388778,0.0001776449,0.00005990181,0.0000962499,0.0002145244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001457327,0.0005524567,0.3963894,0.0001046328,0.0002605029,0.0005174815,0.0009456973,0.0003822657,0.5844908,0.00009052735,0.000281524,0.01452735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001124367,0.0003607854,0.9947841,0.000004343028,0.00002456622,0.000100895,0.000171479,0.0002040409,0.003781653,0.00001623287,0.0005371474,0.000003557609],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995654,0.00006583815,0.0000856346,0.000003689115,0.0000016025,0.000004191372,0.00003606759,0.000003686617,0.0002338624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984231,0.00007625365,0.0002544051,0.00002107204,0.000002218868,0.00001225074,0.0002962871,0.000006155773,0.0009082061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03508237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06975633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146015328","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0281:rmaiws]2.0.co;2","title":"Review: Multivariate analysis in weed science research","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Manitoba","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Multivariate statistics; Ordination; Multivariate analysis; Weed; Linear discriminant analysis; Sample (material); Weed science; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Ecology; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"N. C. Kenkel","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. A. Derksen","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. G. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. R. Watson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09217640194288713,"gpt":0.3505887754899613,"spread":0.2584123735470741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003911023,0.001421601,0.00291731,0.004766121,0.0006431619,0.002159335,0.001418456,0.001870934,0.00775079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01335777,0.0003930025,0.0009850754,0.01031776,0.001544012,0.002681681,0.0009626247,0.001982619,0.003346972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001107582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002661149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002648605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00327014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974004,0.001162938,0.0003224853,0.0002369622,0.000802139,0.0000751722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9868989,0.008584973,0.0006726006,0.0003654367,0.003150335,0.0003278012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008431364,0.0000516845,0.0005986883,0.01740539,0.0002009396,0.0001876995,0.00007705156,0.0007426017,0.0006270958,0.005195131,0.1348519,0.8399776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004991803,0.0001719417,0.005983529,0.0125892,0.0003249696,0.00197282,0.0001848323,0.001086349,0.0005656376,0.01571581,0.9612672,0.00008767774],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002403986,0.9878772,0.00384892,0.00305137,0.002993248,0.00003771316,0.00007158829,0.00004117409,0.001838484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0020313,0.9891321,0.003322552,0.001377985,0.003169268,0.00005226575,0.00009908303,0.00002002129,0.0007954143],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00775079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02592891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160417354","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-13-00075.1","title":"Weed Abundance, Distribution, Diversity, and Community Analyses","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Abundance (ecology); Weed; Agroecosystem; Biodiversity; Distribution (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Ecology; Relative species abundance; Productivity; Population; Geography; Agroforestry; Agriculture; Biology; Mathematics; Demography; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Roger Nkoa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Micheal D. K. Owen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1216416334072153,"gpt":0.3016232959715886,"spread":0.1799816625643733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001905578,0.000479565,0.000632045,0.01141586,0.001030258,0.0008389654,0.0005815368,0.00032173,0.00409061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00418859,0.0002678054,0.0008196926,0.006881304,0.0005316652,0.0007628004,0.001129307,0.0005839827,0.0007600717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007442893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006100386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009743683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01906435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981984,0.0002834135,0.0001848871,0.0003939009,0.0007029686,0.0002363372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782,0.0005149071,0.0005694439,0.0001749409,0.0006548532,0.0002658562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006196459,0.0004743231,0.879483,0.0004020118,0.0005048738,0.0003863762,0.001603796,0.002817834,0.02083302,0.001499796,0.002695735,0.08867966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002461899,0.0003225508,0.9742855,0.00003385851,0.00009769473,0.000377384,0.001404431,0.01471979,0.00226809,0.001628568,0.004787731,0.00004992695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609604,0.0004544208,0.01686623,0.00006812974,0.00002801172,0.000771949,0.01453268,0.0003213625,0.005996639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9572685,0.0002273648,0.02979182,0.00003234309,0.00003358633,0.001142641,0.008487882,0.00007921983,0.002936688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01141586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01937395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118276298","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-068r1","title":"Site-specific weed management: sensing requirements— what do we need to see?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Multispectral image; Weed; Precision agriculture; Remote sensing; Identification (biology); Digital camera; Computer science; Pixel; Artificial intelligence; Image resolution; Field (mathematics); Computer vision; Weed control; Environmental science; Geography; Mathematics; Agronomy; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Ralph B. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott D. Noble","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01425465564157569,"gpt":0.2323304873394894,"spread":0.2180758316979138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007473652,0.0009604462,0.001605031,0.0008444967,0.0005331654,0.002523847,0.003239714,0.003666862,0.00518148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01344719,0.0004640555,0.0005429876,0.000819782,0.001283864,0.006735196,0.001158463,0.002052939,0.002533073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00107098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002244445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005667508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009734918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975553,0.0006703291,0.0002363255,0.0002763173,0.001080996,0.000180847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9792772,0.009339173,0.001659443,0.0007791292,0.007167297,0.001777774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000188522,0.0001797562,0.01358557,0.006495336,0.00008000706,0.0004911663,0.0004398698,0.002796928,0.015074,0.007966886,0.05848593,0.894216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001216487,0.001794331,0.09912669,0.01212761,0.0005125017,0.01885088,0.01512749,0.05304363,0.0120751,0.08760784,0.6990271,0.0005851631],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04400855,0.4216665,0.1037119,0.3964527,0.003746672,0.0003244734,0.001195457,0.001967316,0.02692642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3224984,0.3950794,0.2295434,0.03257952,0.005743455,0.0007221955,0.002470075,0.0004137441,0.01094991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007473652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03952491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040037370","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-11-00110.1","title":"Basis for Herbicide Resistance in Canadian Populations of Wild Oat (<i>Avena fatua</i>)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Avena fatua; Biology; Population; Weed; Mutation; Genetics; Malathion; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Pyruvate carboxylase; Botany; Enzyme; Agronomy; Gene; Pesticide; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suzanne I. Warwick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Connie A. Sauder","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03132415877691403,"gpt":0.2547194041110876,"spread":0.2233952453341735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001841333,0.0003596116,0.0003334641,0.0008605267,0.00165247,0.0006871626,0.0008267759,0.0002620131,0.001013861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004243451,0.0002083844,0.0003099065,0.0007465489,0.0005170171,0.0001599151,0.0004670179,0.0004528219,0.0001606506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008065718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004475366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8321558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9209551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995357,0.00001684841,0.00002470101,0.0001472466,0.0001626539,0.000112882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963,0.00002440594,0.00006589857,0.00002555556,0.0001778201,0.00007637663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005013082,0.0001579445,0.1416881,0.00008331538,0.0001287972,0.000636549,0.001765448,0.0004922388,0.8327806,0.0005685773,0.0005836849,0.02061347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003618206,0.000168967,0.9661288,0.00001504879,0.00008705284,0.0006646418,0.001299831,0.0009115054,0.02523163,0.0000889486,0.005314331,0.00005308144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972589,0.000216769,0.0002805178,0.00004124082,0.000004030117,0.00003302851,0.0006127697,0.00001975379,0.001532977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957567,0.0001989984,0.0007757863,0.00006443991,0.00000205346,0.00002062133,0.001516643,0.00002067511,0.001644144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1678442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3376654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177695021","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-161r","title":"Changes in biomass and root:shoot ratio of field-grown Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>), a noxious, invasive weed, with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>: implications for control with glyphosate","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thistle; Shoot; Cirsium arvense; Glyphosate; Weed; Agronomy; Noxious weed; Biomass (ecology); Biology; Animal science; Horticulture; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Lewis H. Ziska","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaun Faulkner","is_ca":false},{"name":"John E. Lydon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008753718701893308,"gpt":0.1956500277561219,"spread":0.1868963090542285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009559761,0.0003160721,0.0002722883,0.0002431262,0.000335337,0.0003616433,0.0003506528,0.000257372,0.0007025067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001777592,0.0002103984,0.000190056,0.0001894562,0.0002204169,0.0001922325,0.0001650733,0.000432092,0.0001202553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002535473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001087771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2645883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4855333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999063,0.000007132821,0.000004953395,0.00002368074,0.00002900243,0.00002887972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996496,0.00003680087,0.00006018338,0.00001444639,0.0001203144,0.0001185652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002869135,0.00002896867,0.005248253,0.00002519051,0.00001393748,0.00006770128,0.00006124291,0.00009659418,0.9929803,0.00001571027,0.00004782388,0.001127344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004309471,0.0009630107,0.7124742,0.00001315258,0.00007310817,0.0001817072,0.0004970106,0.001761987,0.2818604,0.00003211847,0.002070299,0.00002989488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990965,0.0001198005,0.0001027794,0.00002227972,0.000002224595,0.00000801063,0.0002753786,0.00001282583,0.0003601909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952608,0.0001797615,0.0005080495,0.0000617523,0.000001465505,0.00001866093,0.001059575,0.00001581588,0.002894249],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2645883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5260965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099642013","doi":"10.1614/p2002-111","title":"The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Foxtail; Seeding; Agronomy; Perennial plant; Seedling; Germination; Abiotic component; Biology; Weed; Water content; Environmental science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Nathan S. Boyd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009477724866581686,"gpt":0.2000741584784551,"spread":0.1905964336118734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002214831,0.0001838799,0.0001358777,0.0001768072,0.0001504222,0.0001751993,0.0001279645,0.0001000826,0.0004123914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002712728,0.0001352258,0.0001414347,0.00008321473,0.0001420098,0.0001539858,0.0002515182,0.0002361021,0.00004755967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002082005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001031478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001551922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005311454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999089,0.00001736812,0.000008729294,0.00002251567,0.00001953726,0.00002291914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996617,0.0001074601,0.00007712573,0.00002661292,0.00002856854,0.0000985651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009096768,0.0001420999,0.06338181,0.00003973659,0.0000285139,0.0001027157,0.0001352083,0.0003577664,0.9269325,0.00003510405,0.00003301254,0.007901909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002594616,0.001934742,0.9447655,0.00000316316,0.00002093224,0.0001068356,0.00009222481,0.001326386,0.05131736,0.00004255066,0.0003541122,0.00001027039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998263,0.00001759305,0.00005226859,0.000001529908,7.250244e-7,0.000002795806,0.00002456028,0.000003070906,0.0000712036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994246,0.00002676582,0.0002370727,0.000008216154,9.313412e-7,0.000006576634,0.0001412393,0.000002933994,0.0001517999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001551922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003085792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177266105","doi":"10.1614/p2002-170","title":"Secondary seed dormancy prolongs persistence of volunteer canola in western Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Soybean genetics and cultivation","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Canola; Seedling; Tillage; Agronomy; Dormancy; Biology; Persistence (discontinuity); Seed dormancy; Weed; Germination","authors":[{"name":"Robert H. Gulden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Gordon Thomas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01405229308165569,"gpt":0.1887382401235298,"spread":0.1746859470418741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002072464,0.0001672741,0.0001750859,0.0004716541,0.001134877,0.0006230088,0.0003464943,0.000115938,0.0006788989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004755165,0.0001212424,0.0001143448,0.0003810984,0.0003539778,0.0001508214,0.0002815652,0.00019581,0.00008430949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005049482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005309714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8726607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9726801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998212,0.00001184832,0.00000401679,0.00003572445,0.00004229199,0.00008487071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994468,0.00003105367,0.00008213747,0.00002388997,0.0002158446,0.0002002833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009618943,0.0001989215,0.7802205,0.00006669087,0.00008521038,0.0007504938,0.00324462,0.0003355169,0.1843574,0.0002716721,0.001098142,0.02840886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006536774,0.00007341812,0.9943103,0.000006754708,0.00001473926,0.00009388244,0.001487958,0.0003623052,0.002138064,0.00004302471,0.001452601,0.00001038993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992232,0.00008006487,0.00004450806,0.00002249756,0.000001432267,0.00000393826,0.00006155746,0.000005304867,0.0005574141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986271,0.00007413525,0.0001070284,0.00002174386,6.372076e-7,0.000003009415,0.0001464685,0.000003809005,0.001016209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1273393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2561784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141972322","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-109","title":"Mutations in<i>ALS</i>confer herbicide resistance in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii)","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Amaranth; Biology; Acetolactate synthase; Weed; Primer (cosmetics); Gene; Genetics; Herbicide resistance; Resistance (ecology); Botany; Agronomy; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Kristen E. McNaughton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jocelyne Letarte","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"François J. Tardif","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01033945733940741,"gpt":0.2305953167373967,"spread":0.2202558593979893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001032468,0.0002283333,0.0001499051,0.0003547428,0.0002076282,0.0002124789,0.0001602063,0.000174116,0.0004583535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000162693,0.0001496593,0.0001428538,0.0001518303,0.0001974441,0.00007351545,0.0001560679,0.000187105,0.0001265618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008522016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002665935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01406964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0404487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998627,0.00001416123,0.000009888355,0.00003328683,0.00004938278,0.00003061729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998385,0.00002887536,0.00006921775,0.000009670061,0.00002056839,0.0000330437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005006793,0.00001207264,0.002254559,0.00001040171,0.000005749145,0.00008001023,0.00004905011,0.00004524934,0.9964856,0.00002283057,0.000009701151,0.0009748543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007496255,0.0006383061,0.7080803,0.00001752372,0.00008881433,0.001808556,0.000396526,0.001968848,0.283539,0.00009021933,0.003265563,0.00003138158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995781,0.00003773844,0.0001202928,0.000006738421,8.254759e-7,0.000003892924,0.0000488388,0.000006931216,0.0001966935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979679,0.00009066905,0.0006065485,0.00001942932,0.000001701595,0.00000667301,0.0004807054,0.00001099794,0.0008154016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01406964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0279755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154216733","doi":"10.1614/ws-05-020r3.1","title":"The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cultivar; Competition (biology); Agronomy; Yield (engineering); Ranking (information retrieval); Mathematics; Crop; Biology; Weed; Ecology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Paul R. Watson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas A. Derksen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007285915437279719,"gpt":0.2093955159865505,"spread":0.2021096005492708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006264831,0.0003923323,0.0004384437,0.0004036248,0.0006488223,0.0005459603,0.0004522503,0.0002870855,0.0005294439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006194079,0.0001544744,0.0003183599,0.000465104,0.0004325107,0.0002629047,0.0003559561,0.0004330626,0.0001906402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001979297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008206947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04012864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09340747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994677,0.0000570762,0.00005054222,0.0001147874,0.0001654108,0.0001445426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991086,0.0001823699,0.0001445686,0.00008245149,0.0001944534,0.0002874417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002020253,0.0006501056,0.09271574,0.0001085821,0.0001017906,0.0005091518,0.0008052684,0.0007160632,0.8864834,0.0001739975,0.0001630973,0.01555261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005589657,0.004588619,0.9194404,0.000007731678,0.00008479235,0.0005119084,0.0005979863,0.001379729,0.07086043,0.00009341429,0.002313745,0.00006533432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995248,0.00002309064,0.00006753885,0.000004178311,9.876848e-7,0.000007532553,0.00007546175,0.00000349111,0.000292972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973249,0.00005935374,0.000757875,0.00002192822,0.000001782563,0.00001625299,0.000680061,0.000009079926,0.001128567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04012864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07979017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126852034","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-11-00183.1","title":"Why Early Season Weed Control Is Important in Maize","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Syngenta (Canada); University of Guelph; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Colorado State University","keywords":"Weed; Weed control; Agronomy; Biology; Growing season; Growing degree-day; Yield (engineering); Dry matter; Grain yield; Phenology","authors":[{"name":"Eric R. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diego Cerrudo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Westra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark M. Loux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth L. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuck Foresman","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. A. Wright","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678687992349087,"gpt":0.2249828934264572,"spread":0.2081960135029663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003408265,0.0001889904,0.0002849479,0.0002224426,0.0004427206,0.000715662,0.0003610346,0.0005622446,0.00101178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006860478,0.0002428387,0.0002586732,0.0002020506,0.0003359272,0.0008282062,0.0002676854,0.0004499873,0.0001960409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001199404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003916986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009733232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01752695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998178,0.00002050251,0.000009710172,0.00005724193,0.0000290669,0.00006578227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995998,0.00005995147,0.0001671006,0.00002704493,0.00004687616,0.00009940516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008278607,0.00008759137,0.06979656,0.0001884774,0.00005920255,0.0003223006,0.0002873125,0.001456364,0.9089997,0.001442326,0.000448609,0.01608366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003510615,0.0004653691,0.9451764,0.00003537508,0.00004350903,0.0003040731,0.0006056638,0.00369962,0.04193672,0.002592689,0.005070508,0.0000349817],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951218,0.001745215,0.00129169,0.0004982479,0.00001302207,0.00001072759,0.0001094902,0.00004043033,0.001169276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984338,0.0003928264,0.0004596714,0.0001368185,0.000008776798,0.000005778085,0.00006429591,0.00001575519,0.0004822819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009733232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01935315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158151528","doi":"10.1614/ws-09-011.1","title":"Evolution of Weediness and Invasiveness: Charting the Course for Weed Genomics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Plant tissue culture and regeneration","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Weed; Genomics; Biology; Biotechnology; Data science; Computational biology; Ecology; Computer science; Genome; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"C. Neal Stewart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick J. Tranel","is_ca":false},{"name":"David P. Horvath","is_ca":false},{"name":"James V. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loren H. Rieseberg","is_ca":true},{"name":"James H. Westwood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carol Mallory‐Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Luz Zapiola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrina M. Dlugosch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01211206063915108,"gpt":0.253854605589126,"spread":0.2417425449499749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005208503,0.0006237749,0.0009214586,0.002134726,0.001991816,0.003192143,0.001406265,0.003202683,0.002815233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004651704,0.0005754494,0.0007219883,0.001547331,0.009838933,0.01265361,0.002707568,0.005207471,0.000550208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004698169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00247185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005561076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004137018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989772,0.0002871942,0.00007425111,0.0003173604,0.0001802172,0.0001638518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978083,0.0009790641,0.0002381429,0.0002147418,0.000313796,0.0004459966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007453538,0.0002937179,0.02943492,0.001176192,0.0001243916,0.001397316,0.005389764,0.0133026,0.06871808,0.5159369,0.01058865,0.3528921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007259787,0.0003781634,0.04635851,0.000420306,0.0000804111,0.0007341193,0.005118998,0.01405293,0.006811006,0.7842894,0.1414106,0.0002729899],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3825789,0.1239161,0.2047037,0.2137226,0.001115929,0.0004308591,0.0007210972,0.0009572319,0.07185359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8120505,0.05352718,0.1139969,0.009961288,0.0009004893,0.0002988815,0.0004374623,0.0002396947,0.008587688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005561076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03408778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131229191","doi":"10.1614/p2002-117","title":"Conventional- and conservation-tillage systems influence emergence periodicity of annual weed species in canola","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tillage; Canola; Weed; Lambsquarters; Agronomy; Biology; Weed control; Foxtail; Minimum tillage; Conventional tillage; Crop; Chenopodium","authors":[{"name":"W. John Bullied","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anastasia M. Marginet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01462961107493544,"gpt":0.2192493198114624,"spread":0.2046197087365269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002639458,0.0001538498,0.0001322961,0.0006413898,0.0002794146,0.0005825143,0.0001868711,0.0001214368,0.0006387097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007724444,0.0001241885,0.0001105793,0.0003361452,0.000238366,0.0002470097,0.0002528898,0.0001501239,0.00008527849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009354273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004702624,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04068444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.161614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998302,0.00003444798,0.000009702581,0.00004217544,0.00003190813,0.00005154101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991818,0.0002578018,0.0001989264,0.00002908527,0.0000929893,0.0002393098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005970095,0.0002125526,0.8816286,0.00003952988,0.00008104517,0.0001984343,0.0007809012,0.0004037954,0.1076938,0.00005900246,0.00009994352,0.008205433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000170739,0.00005478234,0.999178,0.000001497824,0.000006703868,0.00001745309,0.0001627094,0.0001548395,0.0003421926,0.000006886795,0.00007135927,0.000001876389],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998079,0.00002939022,0.000009171325,0.0000022345,3.045564e-7,0.000001045089,0.00001509887,0.00000103577,0.0001337665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995527,0.0000429031,0.00006876548,0.000007882577,8.431062e-7,0.000002655499,0.0001129553,0.000001975804,0.0002093018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04068444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08089525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096988622","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-109r2","title":"Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat (<i>Avena fatua</i>) by a combine harvester","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Chaff; Weed; Biological dispersal; Seed dispersal; Avena fatua; Biology; Agronomy; Avena; Weed control; Botany; Population","authors":[{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin H. Entz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009268167239179408,"gpt":0.2130439316691068,"spread":0.2037757644299274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002371756,0.0002722885,0.0003495815,0.0003829256,0.000378661,0.0004224414,0.0003826144,0.0003218339,0.001121074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006682638,0.0001841585,0.0002360267,0.0002094659,0.0002641532,0.0002996272,0.0004799956,0.0003766499,0.0002087185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004641967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002609317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005065888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01814259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997525,0.00003627416,0.00001637673,0.00008075451,0.00006931702,0.00004478697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992918,0.0001629014,0.0002435479,0.0000686204,0.00005533622,0.0001777576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007185012,0.0004111744,0.03477179,0.00008167099,0.0001015643,0.0001936681,0.0002430999,0.0002041655,0.9489185,0.00004149013,0.0002265858,0.01408781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000090516,0.004183516,0.8654108,0.0000200842,0.0001389355,0.0004229802,0.0004367923,0.001818047,0.1252486,0.00004252222,0.00216285,0.00002443614],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993862,0.00009094507,0.0002310133,0.00001855804,0.000002699122,0.000005395529,0.00002091258,0.00001964313,0.0002245184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969181,0.0001037886,0.001497727,0.00007881247,0.000008746942,0.00001885505,0.0001735,0.00001823936,0.001182124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005065888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01007283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983999793","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-12-00140.1","title":"Glyphosate- and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor–Resistant Kochia (<i>Kochia scoparia</i>) in Western Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Saskatoon Medical Imaging; University of Alberta; Lethbridge College; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Weed; Biology; Population; Agronomy; Pesticide resistance; Horticulture; Weed control; Pesticide","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ryan Low","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda M. Hall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Connie A. Sauder","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sara L. Martin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall N. Brandt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott W. Shirriff","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007055136977885876,"gpt":0.1904016723118909,"spread":0.1833465353340051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001734735,0.0003014837,0.0002393744,0.0007754597,0.001674732,0.0006082968,0.000672805,0.0002032682,0.0004840232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002698646,0.0002152127,0.0001637258,0.0006552637,0.0005387258,0.0001961892,0.0002892116,0.0003700478,0.0001180254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01244309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0072011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9557028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9897342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997365,0.00001057431,0.0000085839,0.00006880588,0.00009591785,0.00007963854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995448,0.00002204205,0.00006899216,0.00001656216,0.0002222806,0.0001253991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005725048,0.0002524144,0.5967003,0.0001008454,0.00008249027,0.001574312,0.003880516,0.00074161,0.3714018,0.0003036896,0.0007885334,0.02360102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001228067,0.0001285825,0.9897184,0.000007974265,0.00002001402,0.0002430952,0.001769744,0.0004998798,0.005461161,0.00002269825,0.002102555,0.00001360012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984686,0.0001474386,0.0001455742,0.000035495,0.000002152783,0.00002806226,0.0002012888,0.00001352354,0.0009579589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964017,0.0001891566,0.0007239452,0.00008152892,0.000001636921,0.00000980652,0.0005181579,0.000007011091,0.00206714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04429716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09028143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125196462","doi":"10.1614/ws-06-039r.1","title":"Phytotoxicity of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol and the role of leaf epicuticular wax in the susceptibility to these essential oils","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eugenol; Lambsquarters; Seedling; Epicuticular wax; Phytotoxicity; Chemistry; Essential oil; Horticulture; Botany; Wax; Biology; Weed; Chenopodium; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Luke D. Bainard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Murray B. Isman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahesh K. Upadhyaya","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006335408217149518,"gpt":0.2091586848826519,"spread":0.2028232766655024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001177694,0.0004483312,0.0001978728,0.000380111,0.0002129018,0.0003024213,0.0001631614,0.0004148297,0.0007575343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002108501,0.0001582073,0.0003375805,0.0002158136,0.0002249097,0.0002879449,0.0002247644,0.0003634995,0.0001054285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004510077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003262986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005425096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008521695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998784,0.00002013727,0.00001460878,0.00002468221,0.00002235255,0.00003969787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999756,0.00004107641,0.00007242086,0.00002084591,0.00004772696,0.00006195666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002328011,0.00001453413,0.0008578136,0.00002550075,0.000004992022,0.00003500821,0.00001980282,0.00002562743,0.9981828,0.00002211272,0.000003824736,0.0005750895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002102279,0.001143082,0.07143098,0.00001955494,0.00004476816,0.0002408659,0.0002149189,0.0004395487,0.9252811,0.00006773394,0.001082257,0.00001410596],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982893,0.0008289153,0.0003043235,0.00002881405,0.000003507158,0.00001350773,0.000144365,0.00000959308,0.0003776702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978193,0.0005094896,0.0004352301,0.00003270907,0.000002144811,0.00001024216,0.0002714067,0.000004468108,0.0009149397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005425096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01078701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023334509","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-10-00081.1","title":"Shade Avoidance in Soybean Reduces Branching and Increases Plant-to-Plant Variability in Biomass and Yield Per Plant","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV; University of Guelph","keywords":"Shade avoidance; Weed; Agronomy; Biology; Population; Crop; Biomass (ecology); Field experiment; Competition (biology); Horticulture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Emily Green-Tracewicz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric R. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02362600834278839,"gpt":0.2137627472178733,"spread":0.1901367388750849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001388608,0.0002102689,0.000239072,0.0001957787,0.0001260014,0.0001959196,0.0001403375,0.0001482932,0.0007707932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001368011,0.0001376046,0.0001955137,0.0001138802,0.0001067172,0.00009468898,0.0002085173,0.0003422567,0.0001111715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002953488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001387421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001544951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003724516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999191,0.00001199234,0.000007791472,0.00002041639,0.00002538466,0.00001539403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997886,0.0000212827,0.00009126952,0.00001406652,0.00001327354,0.00007150919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007834281,0.00001975084,0.001929019,0.00001553737,0.000005743669,0.00001813864,0.00001126288,0.00004362036,0.9973077,0.000009019787,0.000007241923,0.000554737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003646496,0.001578606,0.767141,0.0000101531,0.00004608008,0.0003339996,0.00008525101,0.001962018,0.2277498,0.0001202608,0.0009204975,0.00001573536],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995085,0.00008509163,0.0001580409,0.00000872638,0.000001483253,0.00000216183,0.00004215532,0.00001500463,0.0001789094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998877,0.00007188974,0.0004608965,0.00002095232,0.000001616002,0.000006188161,0.0001827254,0.000009250685,0.0003694583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001544951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003071904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021979670","doi":"10.1614/ws-08-165.1","title":"Integrating Cropping Systems with Cultural Techniques Augments Wild Oat (<i>Avena fatua</i>) Management in Barley","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University; Lethbridge College; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Agronomy; Avena fatua; Hordeum vulgare; Biology; Crop rotation; Cultivar; Seeding; Canola; Avena; Weed control; Biomass (ecology); Population; Weed; Crop; Poaceae","authors":[{"name":"K. Neil Harker","is_ca":true},{"name":"John T. O’Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. B. Irvine","is_ca":true},{"name":"T. Kelly Turkington","is_ca":true},{"name":"George W. Clayton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01288426893239028,"gpt":0.2377138853041474,"spread":0.2248296163717572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003080751,0.0003208022,0.0003243635,0.0003173811,0.0008043752,0.0007623688,0.0008307149,0.0001877625,0.0005338648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004245617,0.0001702962,0.0003043683,0.0003764209,0.0003782477,0.0002913156,0.0004102061,0.0003843541,0.0001045205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005453688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003741551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2174058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5547748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996089,0.00004350896,0.00002323434,0.0001196012,0.00009950197,0.0001052082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995376,0.00003083021,0.000155195,0.00004557366,0.00009233919,0.0001385834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006806096,0.0004737855,0.04302584,0.0001328774,0.0001114954,0.0002933666,0.0004940216,0.0007254313,0.9268265,0.0001049863,0.0002130244,0.02691804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006152078,0.003595899,0.8928032,0.00002687003,0.0001726807,0.0002297633,0.001134393,0.001848784,0.09415531,0.0000900044,0.005835454,0.0000460338],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992601,0.00009646535,0.0001791691,0.00002094021,0.000002733324,0.00001827032,0.00004586539,0.00001243458,0.0003640924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963018,0.0002511418,0.002092495,0.00004626569,0.000003701437,0.00003200641,0.0002441378,0.00001161392,0.001016945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2174058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4322806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179002518","doi":"10.1614/p2002-163","title":"Multiple herbicide–resistant canola can be controlled by alternative herbicides","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"University of Warwick","keywords":"Canola; Glufosinate; Cultivar; Bromoxynil; Biology; MCPA; Glyphosate; Agronomy; Herbicide resistance; Metribuzin; Horticulture; Pesticide; Chemical control; Weed control","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Séguin-Swartz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harikumar Nair","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suzanne I. Warwick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric N. Johnson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01599987374138469,"gpt":0.2309368642693332,"spread":0.2149369905279485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003686696,0.0005989696,0.0004293443,0.0004125469,0.0003318501,0.0005929798,0.0007774442,0.0004818384,0.001822355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002984583,0.0003333156,0.0003775918,0.0002843468,0.0002479687,0.0003507026,0.0005295469,0.0009875849,0.0005740178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005594237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003433498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001975479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005011028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994886,0.00008261117,0.00003548741,0.0001447847,0.0001468816,0.0001016259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993516,0.0001289599,0.0001510496,0.0001245177,0.00009415061,0.0001497552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006252458,0.0000307778,0.0001707667,0.00001483179,0.000003855157,0.00003095634,0.00002028482,0.00001985363,0.9990467,0.00002466212,0.00002000839,0.0005547274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003594271,0.0006536259,0.01439086,0.00001183331,0.0000501593,0.0003263712,0.0001455745,0.001500185,0.9782438,0.00007721264,0.004524658,0.00003977805],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950059,0.0003058261,0.002731892,0.0000727066,0.0000241791,0.00009157143,0.0002540788,0.000243641,0.001270219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868937,0.0002854879,0.004665053,0.0001559084,0.00001404149,0.0001543525,0.001051238,0.000159497,0.006620725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001975479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006096363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171726574","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-049r","title":"Fertilizer nitrogen rate and the response of weeds to herbicides","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Mesotrione; Glufosinate; Glyphosate; Foxtail; Weed; Agronomy; Atrazine; Acetochlor; Biology; Weed control; Echinochloa; Fertilizer; Biomass (ecology); Pesticide","authors":[{"name":"R. Jason Cathcart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Chandler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01236642127142339,"gpt":0.2282105615720227,"spread":0.2158441403005993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003173024,0.0003397324,0.0003823325,0.0002853772,0.0001736044,0.0002960672,0.0002309874,0.0004733331,0.000893238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009350708,0.0002380217,0.0002541089,0.0001562589,0.0001616999,0.0002233706,0.0002613415,0.0004209569,0.0002840155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005316227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002276438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00339381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004024081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997218,0.00005504059,0.0000284734,0.00007625198,0.00006234692,0.00005602948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989595,0.0002783974,0.000296489,0.00006663636,0.0001635654,0.0002352242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007175283,0.00008428148,0.006151335,0.00002828803,0.00001604865,0.00004770945,0.00002750113,0.00009375972,0.991368,0.00001340619,0.00003624715,0.001415971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001186576,0.006835346,0.6223453,0.00002537623,0.00006475341,0.0002704716,0.0002081362,0.003737896,0.3632435,0.0001136848,0.002997049,0.00004001932],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987897,0.0003344436,0.0001596254,0.00002907555,0.000008239762,0.00001877784,0.000159111,0.00001696339,0.000484132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959589,0.0002478616,0.0005017939,0.00007709512,0.000009250157,0.00004865622,0.0005494075,0.00001815646,0.002588887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00339381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00674808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174225942","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-15r2","title":"Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Seed Germination and Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Germination; Weed; Foxtail; Biology; Agronomy; Osmotic pressure; Canola; Oxygen; Horticulture; Botany; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Nathan S. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rene Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007633030826765527,"gpt":0.2167722653415284,"spread":0.2091392345147628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018232,0.0003755109,0.000280444,0.000250784,0.0002074572,0.0002530205,0.0001263298,0.0001681506,0.0004948784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000339845,0.0001676689,0.0001450859,0.0001311289,0.000215047,0.0001537799,0.0001912244,0.0003263711,0.0001021227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003333913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001547482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002792247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005593268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999112,0.00001856409,0.000007940796,0.00002284635,0.00002075749,0.00001865172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964,0.00008894796,0.0001045861,0.00002275068,0.00003735181,0.0001063987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007279189,0.00006032545,0.00500512,0.00003393776,0.00001320678,0.00008772079,0.00007211794,0.00009167915,0.9922132,0.00003099093,0.00003742568,0.001626315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001467775,0.006178419,0.4032558,0.00001691241,0.00009168413,0.000588628,0.0002562222,0.003664895,0.5838881,0.0002641537,0.001603721,0.00004472693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993575,0.0001674496,0.0001979175,0.00001011518,0.00000327631,0.000007049361,0.00005376346,0.0000118825,0.0001910209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985252,0.0001509712,0.0004797237,0.00002179903,0.000001809791,0.0000144907,0.0002053145,0.00001011563,0.0005906174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002792247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005551994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138767105","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-12-00066.1","title":"Mechanical Termination of Diverse Cover Crop Mixtures for Improved Weed Suppression in Organic Cropping Systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ceres Trust","keywords":"Cover crop; Weed; Agronomy; Weed control; Crop; Crop residue; Growing season; Environmental science; Organic farming; Biomass (ecology); Agroecosystem; Crop rotation; Cropping system; Crop yield; Cropping; Biology; Agriculture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Sam E. Wortman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles Francis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Bernards","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin E. Blankenship","is_ca":false},{"name":"John L. Lindquist","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01488187318070523,"gpt":0.2338879392309002,"spread":0.219006066050195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004284677,0.0005110014,0.0004682303,0.0005010021,0.0004404429,0.0004737904,0.0004407472,0.0001556157,0.000846046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004371998,0.0002229414,0.0002902297,0.0003685032,0.0002115805,0.000390058,0.0004818752,0.0004446764,0.0001502527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007623462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005479638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003849577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01406975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996433,0.00005375346,0.00002680359,0.00007670584,0.0001353478,0.00006404699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995211,0.00006278455,0.0001745619,0.00003093169,0.0000517146,0.000158888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001073118,0.0006114216,0.00484046,0.0001349487,0.00004603109,0.00006906508,0.00007921069,0.0005621619,0.979393,0.00003847241,0.00004100674,0.01311109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004701459,0.02960869,0.5487633,0.00007528609,0.0003403454,0.0002996084,0.000466879,0.009656865,0.4032148,0.0002167054,0.00681159,0.00007582022],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985968,0.00009833755,0.0008781845,0.000008988946,0.000006975474,0.00005024823,0.00004386977,0.00001722389,0.000299222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893749,0.0002665479,0.008889965,0.00004505999,0.00001562952,0.0001649603,0.0003476864,0.00002552996,0.0008696804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003849577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007654309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179529456","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-097r","title":"Predicting the occurrence of nonindigenous species using environmental and remotely sensed data","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Park Service","keywords":"Transect; Biological dispersal; Akaike information criterion; Sampling (signal processing); Thematic Mapper; Range (aeronautics); Geography; Thematic map; Statistics; Ecology; Cartography; Distance sampling; Environmental science; Physical geography; Remote sensing; Population; Mathematics; Computer science; Biology; Satellite imagery","authors":[{"name":"Lisa J. Rew","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce D. Maxwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Aspinall","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07026277607054143,"gpt":0.2706212165173395,"spread":0.2003584404467981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001006029,0.0004933785,0.0001958326,0.001472246,0.0001490191,0.0004193959,0.0003139165,0.0002441827,0.0005843444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002617311,0.0001840316,0.0002897221,0.0008763733,0.0001194042,0.0005872591,0.000288258,0.0002000903,0.0002055067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003068525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003027147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02180399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04238689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99977,0.0000613274,0.00002641963,0.00006876227,0.00004949649,0.0000240146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997738,0.001286421,0.0004867265,0.00009941418,0.0002782801,0.00011119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007566196,0.0001090357,0.9351574,0.00004099488,0.0000527361,0.00007649247,0.000091658,0.04240716,0.001770343,0.00007724416,0.0002097064,0.01993166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000118686,0.0001063478,0.6548784,0.00001368577,0.00004484014,0.0000975201,0.0002609259,0.3427276,0.001200815,0.0002483947,0.000391909,0.00001770178],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904322,0.0000497672,0.007837727,0.00002052206,0.000002887693,0.00004006568,0.0008985613,0.0001094401,0.0006088897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851846,0.00008426351,0.01263468,0.000006697758,0.000004988328,0.00003094461,0.001836365,0.000007925496,0.0002097061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02180399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04335409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094863758","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-12-00013.1","title":"Early Physiological Mechanisms of Weed Competition","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Phenylpropanoid; Weed; Competition (biology); Biology; Seedling; Phytochrome; Perennial plant; Auxin; Botany; Agronomy; Chemistry; Biochemistry; Gene; Biosynthesis; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Maha Afifi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0247446284454959,"gpt":0.230326022625042,"spread":0.205581394179546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002114555,0.0005316212,0.0003819914,0.0002456323,0.0003302254,0.0003574513,0.0002871417,0.0004298101,0.001354205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002456886,0.0002171043,0.000154442,0.0001079678,0.0003117337,0.0004527414,0.000437042,0.0004993872,0.0001592456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004576681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000276174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009867761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001175242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998096,0.00003104652,0.000007763726,0.00005504238,0.0000473617,0.0000493232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997603,0.00004656105,0.00007351718,0.00001543781,0.00002932265,0.00007476968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008040617,0.0000171816,0.0006603462,0.00003196141,0.000003842195,0.00006460269,0.00002549659,0.00006752423,0.9978066,0.00009727329,0.00002118622,0.001123601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001554905,0.002769689,0.4116664,0.00002743901,0.00005841648,0.001364502,0.0005904527,0.00751009,0.569104,0.001545027,0.005094141,0.0001143743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942884,0.0008845993,0.003080912,0.00007797384,0.00001570358,0.00003538289,0.00006238948,0.0001022607,0.001452454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976115,0.0002335143,0.001006474,0.00006525545,0.000008092594,0.00003192534,0.00007124964,0.00001403017,0.0009579581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001354205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004530311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128977691","doi":"10.1614/ws-08-157.1","title":"Pollen Grain Size, Density, and Settling Velocity for Palmer Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nutrasource","funders":"Georgia Cotton Commission; Cotton Incorporated","keywords":"Pollen; Amaranth; Settling; Botany; Horticulture; Biology; Agronomy; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Lynn M. Sosnoskie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theodore M. Webster","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. W. Dales","is_ca":false},{"name":"Glen C. Rains","is_ca":true},{"name":"Timothy L. Grey","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Stanley Culpepper","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287556348924277,"gpt":0.2362684771021688,"spread":0.2233929136129261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009241126,0.0001142487,0.0001096195,0.000365783,0.0001590832,0.0001475773,0.0001108323,0.0001318001,0.0004901619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002458652,0.00007053588,0.0001414555,0.0001824866,0.00007785744,0.0001683303,0.00007884781,0.0001802003,0.00009299532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003263362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007044063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003913647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004141494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999485,0.000006098664,0.000004933356,0.00001844647,0.00001713538,0.000004889883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997823,0.0000787204,0.00008186235,0.00001005179,0.00002287506,0.00002424822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001995194,0.00003585109,0.07645558,0.00003322137,0.00003280472,0.0001213898,0.0001150927,0.0005353764,0.9161282,0.00004661655,0.0001325243,0.006163829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006469452,0.0001663751,0.9675797,0.00000165137,0.00001629371,0.0002370099,0.00007082866,0.001577576,0.02991439,0.00002796063,0.0003918918,0.000009825012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992697,0.00006591132,0.0003533215,0.000007670184,9.623334e-7,0.000001715734,0.0001761386,0.00001044392,0.000114148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987729,0.00004256852,0.0005105293,0.000006183782,0.000001660159,0.000005331512,0.0004824288,0.000008219313,0.0001701715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003913647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007781744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175492906","doi":"10.1614/p2002-145","title":"Nitrogen management will influence threshold values of green foxtail (<i>Setaria viridis</i>) in corn","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; University of Guelph","keywords":"Foxtail; Setaria viridis; Agronomy; Weed; Weed control; Yield (engineering); Nitrogen; Environmental science; Mathematics; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"R. Jason Cathcart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167303296574824,"gpt":0.2179229602442289,"spread":0.2062499272784807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004414103,0.0001957044,0.0001938206,0.0001566164,0.0001480262,0.0004819333,0.0002217422,0.0002953328,0.0005821075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001129558,0.0001487392,0.0003374601,0.00009167573,0.0002740538,0.0002488887,0.0002164571,0.0002097585,0.00006266787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008992378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002656583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01022608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009133691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998833,0.0000334377,0.000006933558,0.00003153523,0.00001408245,0.00003070512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993851,0.0003816073,0.0001184635,0.00002183214,0.0000355567,0.00005753035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001294628,0.0006917735,0.251363,0.0001044725,0.000153723,0.0004264166,0.0001964542,0.2573155,0.4784591,0.001380726,0.0002875242,0.008326788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009962285,0.001883682,0.3811752,0.000012387,0.00008619518,0.000120913,0.0003601711,0.5731421,0.0415224,0.001205032,0.0003422193,0.00005003689],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993246,0.00000536182,0.0004911506,0.000006700223,5.390822e-7,0.000003538931,0.00001279591,0.000006289525,0.0001489791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997178,0.00000495506,0.000165977,0.000003507711,1.573686e-7,0.000003215212,0.00001582313,0.000001558962,0.00008712833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01022608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02033311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044494628","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0555:afdass]2.0.co;2","title":"<i>Avena fatua</i>development and seed shatter as related to thermal time","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Avena fatua; Biology; Agronomy; Horticulture; Germination","authors":[{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin H. Entz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rene C. Van Acker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006896202266187765,"gpt":0.1966190318264558,"spread":0.189722829560268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007842203,0.0001398543,0.0001253648,0.0004767417,0.0001710824,0.0002768557,0.0001078796,0.0001007031,0.001058292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001737254,0.0001057414,0.0001671877,0.0001726046,0.0001174015,0.0001990709,0.0001623996,0.0002927355,0.0002000825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003473606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000967813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004011063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007040089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999593,0.000004998456,0.000003698288,0.00001736638,0.000005554599,0.000008950331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999734,0.00004408759,0.0001139252,0.00001782289,0.00003454819,0.00005555004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003843005,0.0000596284,0.07820462,0.00004451245,0.00003282765,0.00009708708,0.0001165766,0.0001366004,0.915609,0.00008478163,0.0001389042,0.005091179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004466226,0.0002156124,0.9774073,0.000003368948,0.00001139059,0.0001573204,0.00006699931,0.0004490772,0.02108633,0.00003477943,0.0005573622,0.000005921785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987256,0.0001749928,0.0002400728,0.00001472356,0.00000197804,0.000004145468,0.0002555123,0.00002071491,0.0005622469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978409,0.00006984962,0.0003194479,0.00002716729,0.000002107875,0.00001098137,0.000511565,0.00001198354,0.001205913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004011063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007975459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175495783","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-123r1","title":"Secondary dormancy, temperature, and burial depth regulate seedbank dynamics in canola","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Seed Germination and Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Canola Council of Canada; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Canola; Dormancy; Seedling; Biology; Agronomy; Seed dormancy; Germination","authors":[{"name":"Robert H. Gulden","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Gordon Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven J. Shirtliffe","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008719329674911883,"gpt":0.2207191205870238,"spread":0.2119997909121119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001579776,0.0002291084,0.0002011065,0.0005525289,0.000352271,0.0004490934,0.0003423953,0.0001637457,0.000412158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003004095,0.0002324977,0.0001251612,0.0002409926,0.0002289132,0.000238992,0.0003165956,0.0002599432,0.0001164196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009336873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004526083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03904152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1274229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999111,0.00001261866,0.000005149798,0.00002926236,0.00001685552,0.00002513544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995849,0.00008319742,0.000129864,0.00002051154,0.00006967473,0.0001118054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006348972,0.0001372636,0.2100701,0.00005868881,0.00004661527,0.0001508863,0.0006954214,0.0005139547,0.7793,0.0001387621,0.0001334319,0.008120076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008083325,0.0000840022,0.9911038,0.000004800932,0.00002242849,0.00006331712,0.0001853134,0.001227625,0.006893628,0.00005621432,0.0003389346,0.00001192838],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995832,0.00008995599,0.00008473688,0.000008084227,6.372352e-7,0.000002792199,0.00003289723,0.000008924356,0.0001888462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990304,0.00007271281,0.0002410582,0.00001773938,0.000001118936,0.000008098872,0.0001701831,0.000008487877,0.0004502434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03904152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07762855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105723396","doi":"10.1614/ws-07-054.1","title":"An Ala<sub>205</sub>Val Substitution in Acetohydroxyacid Synthase of Eastern Black Nightshade (<i>Solanum ptychanthum</i>) Reduces Sensitivity to Herbicides and Feedback Inhibition","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; University of Guelph; American Heart Association","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Valine; Enzyme; Population; Enzyme assay; Amino acid; Biology; Biochemistry; Alanine; Biosynthesis; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Jamshid Ashigh","is_ca":true},{"name":"François J. Tardif","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01345067784341413,"gpt":0.242772533275965,"spread":0.2293218554325509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006705143,0.0002128195,0.0001662554,0.0001393589,0.0001467073,0.0002118573,0.0001662725,0.0001205489,0.0005333961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000171276,0.000105557,0.000107871,0.0001074666,0.0001858646,0.00005553494,0.0001399617,0.0001622632,0.000119648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005919718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003242209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01994549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04209549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999248,0.000008572655,0.000005051291,0.00002079387,0.00002026818,0.00002061887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998832,0.00001519622,0.00004318518,0.00001298976,0.00001913416,0.0000262633],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001183962,0.00001466852,0.00264695,0.000008645738,0.00000819204,0.00002662877,0.00006241564,0.00004114382,0.995928,0.00001282701,0.000006589926,0.001125564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005716678,0.000772846,0.3610707,0.000009264843,0.00007702232,0.0008226887,0.0005635321,0.002461456,0.6311418,0.0000651293,0.002939939,0.00001842552],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996526,0.00002674085,0.0001492218,0.000005999842,6.62908e-7,0.000002598545,0.00003287481,0.000004194853,0.0001250634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981552,0.00004941777,0.000348388,0.00001151991,7.433102e-7,0.00000429579,0.0002915664,0.000009506951,0.001129436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01994549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03965878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048621920","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-11-00072.1","title":"Light Quality and the Critical Period for Weed Control in Soybean","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Weed; Competition (biology); Weed control; Agronomy; Shoot; Crop; Biomass (ecology); Biology; Yield (engineering); Physics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Emily Green-Tracewicz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric R. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03203914653238284,"gpt":0.2997433917130313,"spread":0.2677042451806485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002541627,0.0001615324,0.0002715279,0.0004194675,0.0002857581,0.0004209189,0.0001818665,0.000216349,0.0005634516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003781776,0.0002052428,0.0001698914,0.0001521647,0.0002830291,0.0002810629,0.0003722903,0.0004687139,0.00007696241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009403711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002802625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003817797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005309475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998876,0.00001762319,0.00001147842,0.00003639175,0.00002423566,0.00002279156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994335,0.00007804957,0.0002589518,0.00002690202,0.00004642737,0.0001562383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009796435,0.00009015574,0.01217289,0.00005511845,0.00001154053,0.00004493861,0.00005606194,0.0001300805,0.9840071,0.00008696626,0.00004842267,0.002317172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003032628,0.0007811492,0.9510141,0.000009864165,0.0000183649,0.00008962434,0.00007786683,0.0008326308,0.04653013,0.0001051678,0.0004957779,0.00001497707],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998511,0.0005808767,0.0003176164,0.00002827129,0.000004832889,0.00001383281,0.00008811196,0.00001167914,0.0004435974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991253,0.0001502557,0.0002573478,0.00005526192,0.000004112979,0.00001821479,0.0001573359,0.000008127405,0.0002238985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003817797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007591128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998362026","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-211r","title":"Combining agronomic practices and herbicides improves weed management in wheat–canola rotations within zero-tillage production systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Canola; Agronomy; Weed; Weed control; Tillage; Crop rotation; Crop; Crop yield; Biomass (ecology); Yield (engineering); No-till farming; Biology; Environmental science; Soil water; Soil fertility","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Molnár","is_ca":true},{"name":"T. Entz","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. R. Moyer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005619099530734,"gpt":0.2488506389400537,"spread":0.2287944479447464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001077447,0.0006242575,0.0005023767,0.0006085621,0.0005126697,0.000787669,0.0009426137,0.0002445119,0.0005760259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009479067,0.0002983197,0.000273031,0.0004808078,0.000281919,0.0005996362,0.000510536,0.0004138628,0.0001366828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001441724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001149756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0112495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04513309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999036,0.0002870348,0.00008352623,0.0002498897,0.0002103441,0.0001333109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989484,0.0002135311,0.000284484,0.00008628093,0.0001161699,0.0003511521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002214087,0.002463811,0.02745962,0.0002243542,0.0002203523,0.0001358768,0.0003002449,0.001189977,0.9433708,0.00007835965,0.0001193363,0.02222325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000382891,0.02493315,0.692413,0.00006278966,0.0007186714,0.0002619677,0.0007581937,0.01070163,0.2635323,0.0002361677,0.005881801,0.00011745],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994003,0.00008644172,0.000244162,0.00001633886,0.000004418809,0.00002113515,0.00002074649,0.00001475391,0.0001917243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945673,0.0002701745,0.003772351,0.00007470662,0.000008562154,0.000067503,0.0003222901,0.00001806423,0.0008990201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0112495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02236807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122794013","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-213r.1","title":"Potential model weeds to study genomics, ecology, and physiology in the 21st century","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Weed; Biology; Thistle; Ecology; Genomics; Biotechnology; Genome; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Wun S. Chao","is_ca":false},{"name":"David P. Horvath","is_ca":false},{"name":"James V. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael E Foley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01391426530438017,"gpt":0.2332753312123415,"spread":0.2193610659079613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00124543,0.0006263314,0.0009540642,0.0006381001,0.0006956692,0.001010688,0.0007824961,0.0008503919,0.002459726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001183149,0.0002902356,0.000697644,0.0006059789,0.0008344107,0.001536227,0.00111633,0.001964784,0.0005245428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009284127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008527657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001498151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003373491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996768,0.0001329811,0.00001574116,0.0000621283,0.00008754262,0.00002476876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994828,0.0002676673,0.00005054206,0.00008146933,0.00004718016,0.00007042506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009430231,0.000922046,0.01231101,0.001783674,0.0003426498,0.0008513904,0.001050039,0.04337113,0.4231219,0.3828406,0.01922176,0.1132409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007878133,0.002895713,0.009072446,0.0003974628,0.0004948362,0.00167026,0.001032753,0.1420834,0.05017009,0.2999077,0.4912606,0.0002271064],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4095301,0.02945933,0.5042617,0.01174746,0.001601889,0.001136126,0.002913087,0.001054568,0.03829575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6068931,0.03354212,0.3219811,0.003155472,0.0003723819,0.003504908,0.004032809,0.0003130882,0.02620501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002459726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00822866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175190194","doi":"10.1614/p2002-154","title":"WeedSOFT®: a weed management decision support system","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture Food and Rural Development","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Decision support system; Selection (genetic algorithm); Agricultural engineering; Weed control; Vulnerability (computing); Yield (engineering); Computer science; Geography; Environmental resource management; Operations research; Agricultural science; Environmental science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Christophe Neeser","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Anita Dille","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gopal Krishnan","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Mortensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffery T. Rawlinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex Martin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lynn B. Bills","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0108916979782252,"gpt":0.2201111644325713,"spread":0.2092194664543461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001324953,0.0009645274,0.0008463443,0.001485853,0.0004362729,0.001500996,0.001664276,0.0006078192,0.03658545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004123735,0.0006749832,0.0004885368,0.001311652,0.0002192413,0.00171818,0.001090474,0.0008029313,0.0123446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007573207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001215418,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005534362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004706474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994889,0.00006936659,0.00007864794,0.0001196368,0.0001916409,0.00005179605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998287,0.0007972795,0.0001614345,0.0001368774,0.0004395974,0.0001776951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001733041,0.0003119512,0.004110087,0.0009839612,0.00014982,0.0004198444,0.0004383065,0.02596729,0.01168856,0.006311976,0.4156538,0.5322315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001793955,0.0003878014,0.0102436,0.0003548035,0.0002454938,0.0005234482,0.0002956818,0.421867,0.02168469,0.02861601,0.5136753,0.0003121796],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"software","genre_gemma":"software","genre_scores_codex":[0.02698871,0.0005573051,0.3691546,0.0008522246,0.0002267903,0.0009601893,0.04413214,0.533564,0.02356399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2668026,0.001153734,0.5663471,0.001088865,0.0002002275,0.002334119,0.09309288,0.02294188,0.04603868],"genre_candidate":"software","genre_consensus":"software","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03658545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1223905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2392367966","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-16-00038.1","title":"Pollen- and Seed-Mediated Gene Flow in Kochia (<i>Kochia scoparia</i>)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Outcrossing; Pollen; Biology; Pollen source; Gene flow; Scoparia; Weed; Acetolactate synthase; Agronomy; Germination; Seed dormancy; Biological dispersal; Seed dispersal; Botany; Dormancy; Pollination; Horticulture; Pollinator; Population; Gene; Genetic variation","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Beckie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert E. Blackshaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda M. Hall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric N. Johnson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008250039038294348,"gpt":0.1989589065106803,"spread":0.1907088674723859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001694484,0.0001375672,0.0001283062,0.0006675234,0.0002244037,0.0002744612,0.0002500241,0.0001248152,0.000332028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001621166,0.00009998494,0.0001357161,0.0003250767,0.0001884229,0.0001261036,0.0002051999,0.000336294,0.00009246892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001457629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005504072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03895539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08521941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999899,0.00001377691,0.000008270307,0.00003655453,0.00002022124,0.00002214275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997703,0.00004487122,0.00008828302,0.00001431634,0.00004214119,0.00004003115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001948131,0.00006410984,0.07863145,0.00004016194,0.00002883686,0.0001038694,0.0003151777,0.0002512878,0.9108581,0.0001695165,0.00006727631,0.009275307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001338494,0.0001685322,0.9872772,0.000004695285,0.00001711783,0.0001244006,0.0001678957,0.0007235845,0.01074768,0.00003741093,0.0007081546,0.000009951621],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993157,0.00005068556,0.00016803,0.00001032215,5.690155e-7,0.000008657527,0.0001235051,0.0000109161,0.000311657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980026,0.00008227002,0.0008926707,0.00002688147,0.000001293758,0.00001560503,0.0004643032,0.00000763042,0.0005066863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03895539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07745731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337190379","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-15-00116.1","title":"Certified Crop Advisors’ Perceptions of Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>) Distribution, Herbicide Resistance, and Management in the Corn Belt","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Ragweed; Agronomy; Crop; Weed; Tillage; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Emilie E. Regnier","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Kent Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark M. Loux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Holloman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ramarao Venkatesh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florian Diekmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"R.L. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Ford","is_ca":false},{"name":"David E. Stoltenberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert G. Hartzler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam S. Davis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian J. Schutte","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Cardina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kris J. Mahoney","is_ca":true},{"name":"William G. Johnson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01367241253707515,"gpt":0.2292247079703313,"spread":0.2155522954332561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001030271,0.0001157896,0.0001275293,0.0004159682,0.001139836,0.0009880917,0.0002757646,0.0003599075,0.002902327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003300703,0.0001348883,0.0001092512,0.0004300056,0.0007722673,0.0004780602,0.0005874271,0.0004235279,0.0001861318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002014092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00175559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2684186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4444456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993808,0.0001755799,0.00003433746,0.00006619969,0.0001472811,0.0001958171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951935,0.0007471756,0.001554764,0.0000852147,0.0006136464,0.00180559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001195697,0.0001740413,0.9612868,0.00005643777,0.00001594243,0.0003314158,0.02422641,0.0001004494,0.001620754,0.00009956355,0.00179221,0.01017629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001101951,0.0001231043,0.9217255,0.00003868302,0.000006161944,0.0001038381,0.07464979,0.0002248789,0.00009582398,0.00002696033,0.002983632,0.00001074432],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988733,0.00004242543,0.00001872215,0.0002141564,0.000002705445,0.000006879812,0.00003434043,0.0000011475,0.0008062876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993111,0.00009753412,0.0000541837,0.0001325874,0.000003219981,0.000006713046,0.00004950482,8.231096e-7,0.0003444535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2684186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5337125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064598436","doi":"10.1614/ws-09-098.1","title":"The Critical Weed-Free Period in Carrot","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Weed; Sowing; Growing degree-day; Agronomy; Weed control; Seeding; Yield (engineering); Biology; Crop; Period (music); Physics","authors":[{"name":"Clarence J. Swanton","is_ca":true},{"name":"John O’Sullivan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darren E. Robinson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01009968895798563,"gpt":0.2442563798682686,"spread":0.234156690910283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002241108,0.0003007815,0.0003444208,0.0006804275,0.000439476,0.0004840661,0.0002678919,0.0002902203,0.0007210235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004146848,0.0002684606,0.0002231875,0.0002783678,0.0002563841,0.0004733582,0.0003512288,0.0003938282,0.0002034724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001415255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005495826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01015185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0132125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998245,0.00002093127,0.00001414209,0.00004659878,0.00004021558,0.00005363118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994248,0.0001035259,0.0001774499,0.00001770107,0.00007278065,0.0002037868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002311229,0.00001322145,0.001215777,0.00004686138,0.000004076144,0.00008031481,0.00005455886,0.0000730285,0.9972681,0.00006137788,0.00002910996,0.0009226291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006652383,0.001436635,0.3857844,0.00006204613,0.00007914605,0.0006187852,0.0004881107,0.004197367,0.6004921,0.000653229,0.005987085,0.0001344375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949473,0.002565076,0.001151722,0.00003553438,0.00001354895,0.00001973029,0.0002100955,0.00003295035,0.001024025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981692,0.0004054163,0.0005445516,0.00003053973,0.000004171208,0.00001780587,0.0001987983,0.0000158008,0.0006137872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01015185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02018547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173880010","doi":"10.1614/ws-04-185r1","title":"Corn competition alters the germinability of velvetleaf (<i>Abutilon theophrasti</i>) seeds","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Warwick","keywords":"Sowing; Abutilon; Monoculture; Biology; Competition (biology); Agronomy; Germination; Dormancy; Weed; Crop","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. Nurse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonio DiTommaso","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01281050343999526,"gpt":0.229704758110813,"spread":0.2168942546708177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001875809,0.0002803146,0.0002819109,0.0004471349,0.0003703342,0.0007073163,0.0003483976,0.0002777885,0.00150341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003539709,0.0002449317,0.0002092325,0.0002299713,0.0002445129,0.0002800942,0.0005063518,0.0004737615,0.0001818582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007897798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003554712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01164989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0203376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997777,0.00003454598,0.0000157242,0.00005722522,0.00003867561,0.00007603419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994783,0.0001206957,0.000146664,0.00002087286,0.0000455541,0.0001880016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005129622,0.0001057545,0.01384901,0.00003122394,0.00002450192,0.0001215647,0.00008212179,0.00007703563,0.9836758,0.00006174629,0.00004495519,0.001413314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005269183,0.001616988,0.9095482,0.0000137496,0.00005098279,0.0004377074,0.0003936621,0.001835694,0.08456713,0.00008902917,0.001367132,0.00002709551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995664,0.00005612402,0.00004407221,0.000008249489,0.000001256836,0.00000194059,0.00002952306,0.000005761065,0.0002865699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991121,0.00004665723,0.0001187222,0.00003085429,0.00000108597,0.000004358538,0.0001898002,0.00001108127,0.0004854346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01164989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02316415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134171721","doi":"10.1614/ws-d-10-00092.1","title":"The Selective Memory of Weed Seedbanks after 18 Years of Conservation Tillage","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tillage; Weed; Agronomy; Monoculture; Biology; Crop rotation; Weed control; Species evenness; Cirsium arvense; Species richness; Crop; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Anne Légère","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Craig Stevenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diane L. Benoît","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02283019162757579,"gpt":0.2153594902750985,"spread":0.1925292986475227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004094857,0.0001141177,0.0001997413,0.0002870833,0.0002343945,0.0003246574,0.0002111354,0.0001916888,0.001162887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001343285,0.0001081743,0.0001197442,0.0001603518,0.000228644,0.0003338671,0.0002981338,0.0002571555,0.0001697981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002384833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001606417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002892493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009024701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999046,0.0000122082,0.000006256797,0.00003209815,0.0000166319,0.00002816731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985397,0.0002642781,0.0006137888,0.000152524,0.0001274951,0.000302241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001938254,0.000367329,0.8606476,0.00004038045,0.0000914324,0.0003869886,0.0007653702,0.0002025093,0.1102301,0.00005793044,0.00021034,0.0250618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003455087,0.0002768792,0.9983645,0.000001825012,0.000007885064,0.00004258481,0.00006834626,0.00007543081,0.0009668426,0.00001876172,0.0001703553,0.00000316076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997256,0.00004971953,0.00003819163,0.000007824065,0.000001559255,0.000001102879,0.00003739911,0.000002393204,0.000136204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994683,0.00002604828,0.00003865343,0.000009541426,0.000003104026,0.00000210461,0.0001008889,0.000001099387,0.0003503127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002892493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005751312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175603208","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0397:aopspt]2.0.co;2","title":"Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Plant Parasitism and Resistance","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sprayer; Horticulture; Shoot; Biology; Thistle; Dry weight; Botany; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"John W Gronwald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathryn L. Plaisance","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald A. Ide","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald L. Wyse","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01744396981027715,"gpt":0.2359251855571124,"spread":0.2184812157468353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002274724,0.0004977251,0.0003828913,0.0003665356,0.0003168976,0.0003568167,0.0003287961,0.0003142279,0.0007501767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000237376,0.0001537455,0.0003537826,0.0003203291,0.0001408569,0.0002335982,0.0002904074,0.0004190251,0.0001244535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001783742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001445836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1178956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2114957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997541,0.00002210174,0.00001559864,0.00004825282,0.0001106845,0.00004913259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994364,0.00005345252,0.00008538357,0.00002013462,0.0002663052,0.0001383067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009699332,0.00003279817,0.002426164,0.00005527108,0.000007864297,0.00004456192,0.00003402164,0.00004406389,0.995868,0.00001207427,0.00002926288,0.00134891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004478581,0.003066495,0.1979999,0.00003482419,0.0001259132,0.0002675678,0.0003990369,0.002067507,0.7924964,0.0000228679,0.003441631,0.00003312411],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965959,0.0006831748,0.0009771712,0.000068597,0.00001434618,0.00009822038,0.0004855889,0.00004464075,0.001032459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893015,0.0008278153,0.002566574,0.00009667454,0.000006637248,0.0001045031,0.001462526,0.00002116715,0.005612634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1178956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2344187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}