{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"2208b7ce5b2a","filters":{"venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W2811201194","doi":"","title":"An Overview of the Bilingual Advantage: History, Mechanisms, and Consequences","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Inhibitory control; Cognition; Executive functions; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Task (project management); Control (management); Cognitive development; Response inhibition; Neuroscience; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Melanie Zhang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07981413708358678,"gpt":0.4004099590198845,"spread":0.3205958219362978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009423991,0.0002117951,0.0003011519,0.0001571049,0.0001982459,0.0000357269,0.0005119757,0.0001432399,0.0005048778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002666501,0.0001435021,0.00008534365,0.0001179709,0.0009856737,0.0001399153,0.00004912171,0.0004178835,0.00006784783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006953173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001563342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002932968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005837474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977034,0.0007444604,0.0005688026,0.000385971,0.0002258446,0.0003715197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986316,0.00007761365,0.0004703442,0.0005189186,0.0001392959,0.0001622225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001480496,0.002008117,0.4151648,0.0001479234,0.001548317,0.0006586291,0.053152,0.000003272379,0.07654193,0.2554535,0.05074698,0.143094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005150775,0.003297541,0.4910951,0.0004815694,0.0002412673,0.0256581,0.002368529,0.00001584249,0.001684939,0.2073066,0.2616926,0.001007157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9593741,0.00730709,0.004090823,0.008619711,0.01082395,0.0002475082,0.000009806651,0.00006004761,0.009466912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917983,0.0005283757,0.001622157,0.003306845,0.0002641016,0.000004799361,0.000001657988,0.00002719991,0.002446502],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2109456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5851844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209157818","doi":"","title":"Exploring the Links Between Social Anxiety, Performance-Avoidance Goal Orientation, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Task Persistence","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Fear of negative evaluation; Operationalization; Anxiety; Persistence (discontinuity); Social anxiety; Goal orientation; Task (project management); Developmental psychology; Orientation (vector space); Clinical psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Lianne Saxon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel M. Calogero","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1599228999103829,"gpt":0.3612467633998737,"spread":0.2013238634894908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001118108,0.0002536798,0.0003360834,0.0001115432,0.001104641,0.00007423707,0.000315052,0.0001492789,0.000038412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001499833,0.0002124841,0.0001191841,0.0004174037,0.0005631651,0.0005286049,0.00007796001,0.00103144,0.00005883173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000856722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006893311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001054769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001833814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973157,0.0006897472,0.0006165327,0.0004801586,0.0005114865,0.000386343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983457,0.0001917806,0.0006030912,0.0001753178,0.0005638925,0.000120157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003459676,0.0001077606,0.8169816,0.00004743132,0.000655619,0.000003765889,0.07445,0.00008467425,0.0006884169,0.0002176341,0.002095337,0.1043218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00219115,0.0004947889,0.9884603,0.00003076114,0.0002141756,0.0002103052,0.005259656,0.0001504484,0.0001050098,0.001423799,0.001250189,0.0002094216],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9577041,0.0003160126,0.004408665,0.03462491,0.001039164,0.0003522711,0.00001150876,0.00003850136,0.001504859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965116,0.0009805897,0.0002236877,0.001120716,0.0009554452,0.00007534415,0.000006616543,0.00003027478,0.0000957164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1714787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8664852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W11457254","doi":"10.1021/ja015716o","title":"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder as Stress and Coping: Cognitive Models and Associated Treatments","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Coping (psychology); Psychology; Cognition; Clinical psychology; Stress (linguistics); Cognitive psychology; Psychotherapist; Psychiatry","authors":[{"name":"Krysten Zator","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02326687689818378,"gpt":0.3369274358919943,"spread":0.3136605589938105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003337593,0.0006542303,0.0008367854,0.00038424,0.0006090936,0.0002278179,0.0003412072,0.0003978972,0.0001589749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000136024,0.0006089935,0.0001306247,0.000259769,0.0008150423,0.0004015144,0.0001477177,0.0009640853,0.0001682406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008512112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004926675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000150872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002392419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956356,0.001269977,0.0007011635,0.001045861,0.0003580498,0.0009893921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973989,0.0006522617,0.0008356945,0.0003659651,0.000258874,0.0004882896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009266239,0.001939797,0.9411156,0.00003362881,0.0034681,0.0005167666,0.006351482,0.0001153915,0.00008835498,0.008005501,0.001740963,0.03569776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02304781,0.002774495,0.8347856,0.0003545863,0.0006618763,0.00260435,0.004376315,0.0005184658,0.00001741669,0.1292967,0.0004396143,0.001122721],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598348,0.002044779,0.01766016,0.008433512,0.001229061,0.0005507513,0.00006739977,0.0001110407,0.01006852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942843,0.0007336144,0.0001082383,0.003273274,0.0001473482,0.0000448185,0.00007092846,0.0001074879,0.001230048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1212912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947304444","doi":"","title":"Effects of Propionic Acid on Social Odour in Adult Male Rats: Implications for an Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Autism spectrum disorder; Olfaction; Psychology; Lipopolysaccharide; Laboratory rat; Odor; Physiology; Neurocognitive; Developmental psychology; Autism; Audiology; Endocrinology; Neuroscience; Biology; Medicine; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"Katie C Benitah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Klaus‐Peter Ossenkopp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Kavaliers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1286260740571449,"gpt":0.3426031454158471,"spread":0.2139770713587022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001535692,0.0001744722,0.0003444281,0.0002127313,0.0001872293,0.00001801291,0.0002360808,0.000111836,0.000008952138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006113313,0.0001502284,0.0001305136,0.0001649006,0.0001574211,0.0002119863,0.00002725371,0.0003233535,0.00001803014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003366452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004567285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001428488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002582763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984591,0.000247451,0.0004584399,0.0003657627,0.0001494518,0.0003197815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999164,0.0001567302,0.0003779957,0.0001938343,0.00004878511,0.00005860889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011553,0.0009828819,0.04342473,0.0000915664,0.00003282667,0.00000364013,0.0006137973,0.0004429418,0.9349291,0.01749157,0.0002215915,0.0006100285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01221151,0.006794083,0.7574672,0.0001535921,0.0001027446,0.0005243435,0.0002629589,0.001807755,0.123927,0.09580278,0.0002421269,0.0007039015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836586,0.00002120493,0.003443459,0.011605,0.0004379717,0.0004831141,0.00002824337,0.00001761242,0.0003048183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987431,0.0001019928,0.000081935,0.000588786,0.00005499054,0.00002521041,0.000001555887,0.00002249523,0.0003799582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8110021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6126138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909150823","doi":"","title":"Contemporary Telemental Healthcare Delivery: The Therapeutic Relationship and Applied Considerations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Telemedicine; Health care; Context (archaeology); Mental health; Healthcare delivery; Service delivery framework; Business; Psychology; Nursing; Public relations; Medicine; Service (business); Political science; Psychotherapist; Marketing; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Colin Whaley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1167025674232051,"gpt":0.4039571764467316,"spread":0.2872546090235265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006563182,0.0001668961,0.000240132,0.0001655315,0.0008599508,0.00005660281,0.00006918481,0.00008969154,0.0001057891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003456229,0.0001140863,0.00004527052,0.0001462347,0.0004117063,0.000109389,0.0000246426,0.0005679126,0.00005440738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005262321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002265276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002364782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001154758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983591,0.0002413658,0.0005860805,0.0002479095,0.0002444891,0.000321039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988375,0.0002499488,0.0002761967,0.0002452817,0.0001612132,0.0002299024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003623759,0.0001104534,0.9354848,0.00003006319,0.0001887863,0.00004348459,0.00147515,1.397086e-7,0.0007345694,0.008223797,0.04224094,0.01110542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005083834,0.001361317,0.9395555,0.00004070462,0.0001109284,0.006383346,0.001266196,0.000008203372,0.00009774811,0.03232603,0.01363135,0.0001348226],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6687145,0.001071947,0.002804675,0.3222419,0.0005825359,0.0007257681,0.000008425587,0.0000596807,0.003790635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9481538,0.000168282,0.0006010456,0.05019721,0.0006969928,0.00002261858,0.00002631222,0.00002344183,0.0001102736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2794394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6614134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811502318","doi":"","title":"Talking on the Phone While Driving: The Effects of Divided Attention on Change Detection","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Change blindness; Inattentional blindness; Change detection; Gaze; Phone; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Conversation; Eye movement; Task (project management); Stimulus (psychology); Computer science; Computer vision; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Perception","authors":[{"name":"Jessica Schnabel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08972082171082159,"gpt":0.3927158552717988,"spread":0.3029950335609772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008908047,0.0002239126,0.0002313559,0.0002215043,0.0007245603,0.00005238638,0.000442749,0.0001838916,0.0002262082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000611019,0.000132435,0.0002529178,0.0003113761,0.000347913,0.0001426967,0.00004091358,0.0009158203,0.0007991262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006058841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001156738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005273935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002532089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973058,0.001040067,0.0005427342,0.000325264,0.0002801207,0.0005060447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998225,0.0003544633,0.0005820512,0.0005852186,0.0001292917,0.0001239791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002493813,0.005456244,0.2178782,0.00009945363,0.0009360294,0.0001645492,0.006638474,7.259371e-7,0.04278467,0.009779718,0.05241635,0.6613517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001544262,0.004476805,0.9840807,0.0003977418,0.00008643272,0.0004277321,0.0001763891,0.000005150385,0.0009452862,0.0026595,0.005038323,0.0001617068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9647424,0.0001534505,0.001561033,0.02091196,0.01011465,0.0005160537,0.000002924214,0.00004260256,0.001954972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930528,0.00007235893,0.000008385238,0.004259971,0.001553819,0.0001146457,0.000002382152,0.00003601113,0.0008996722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7662024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212461719","doi":"","title":"Numeracy Screener: Comparing Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Numerical Magnitude Processing in 4–6-year-old Canadian and Singaporean Children","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Numeracy; Magnitude (astronomy); Psychology; Pedagogy; Literacy","authors":[{"name":"Nidhi Shah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Ansari","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02863471859172036,"gpt":0.3209118084943032,"spread":0.2922770899025829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004297094,0.00031077,0.0005828238,0.0002955314,0.0003019368,0.0002965014,0.0001736734,0.0001389795,0.00004143253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017307,0.0002892473,0.00006040367,0.0002839858,0.0001524807,0.0002492504,0.000128138,0.0007056427,0.00002801158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000850325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001602996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006117432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009103977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997882,0.0001537399,0.0006039778,0.0004653334,0.0002398279,0.0006551268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988336,0.0001412342,0.0001810208,0.0001797701,0.0001149924,0.0005493732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003982964,0.0003588185,0.978144,0.00007518754,0.00009352609,0.000638955,0.001001816,8.384779e-7,0.000265782,0.001534795,0.0004584891,0.01738793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002111577,0.00006132617,0.84706,0.0004602901,0.00005622971,0.006180133,0.0002346733,0.00006723546,0.00009230753,0.1431995,0.0000837231,0.0003929763],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985853,0.0003559255,0.001689442,0.006856762,0.00007669904,0.0001741138,0.000004309618,0.00002844415,0.004961365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989884,0.000251837,0.008042325,0.001413996,0.0001220879,0.000006196182,0.000009536648,0.00004727679,0.0002227744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1416647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}