{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"c5e15f81c347","filters":{"venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security"}},"results":[{"id":"W1600222879","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs238","title":"Characterizing Infrastructure Failure Interdependencies to Inform Systemic Risk","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Blackout; Interdependence; Parallels; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Critical infrastructure; Electric power system; Event (particle physics); Risk analysis (engineering); Storm; Power (physics); Business; Engineering; Operations management; Computer security; Geography; Political science; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003065184478828301,"gpt":0.2015370649461313,"spread":0.198471880467303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002962196,0.0003443757,0.0006991849,0.001781404,0.0002982081,0.00004115912,0.0006502925,0.0006312855,0.00006696918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001942867,0.0002863289,0.00008471429,0.001311617,0.001579213,0.0001775273,0.0001663931,0.0004673274,0.000007224361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009102274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001451958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000336829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002285485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983504,0.000007590454,0.0003657956,0.0004395416,0.0003668109,0.0004698628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990017,0.00002986585,0.0001857218,0.0004614684,0.0001952343,0.0001259572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001996094,0.0001458159,0.05838545,0.01130276,0.001969336,0.00005668973,0.02662804,0.001390711,0.1146262,0.003776712,0.4338067,0.347712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002562319,0.001209411,0.000875278,0.01148289,0.000598447,0.0007635021,0.006673698,0.008301619,0.101239,0.009832836,0.8528551,0.003605869],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8883432,0.04476125,0.02123522,0.0004898455,0.002436894,0.005574345,0.003087349,0.003384323,0.03068754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838724,0.01223703,0.002280492,0.00003416736,0.0001595494,0.000118965,0.00003015633,0.000145101,0.001122108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4190485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1601869838","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs688","title":"Dynamic Load Balancing for Robust Distributed Computing in the Presence of Topological Impairments","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Wireless sensor network; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Distributed computing; Battlefield; Reliability (semiconductor); Computer security; Computer network; Power (physics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01007491000802804,"gpt":0.2472383781276905,"spread":0.2371634681196625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001328094,0.0002332222,0.0005927025,0.00044242,0.0002402439,0.00004295171,0.001997637,0.0003408647,0.000001519959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003563888,0.0001640792,0.00007774234,0.001132242,0.001900937,0.00009317826,0.0003685282,0.0002219522,4.198677e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006093347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003311531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008349493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008022392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979488,0.00003922388,0.000441396,0.0006120918,0.0004565303,0.0005019339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984184,0.0002759152,0.0004646173,0.0005346987,0.0002567295,0.00004966299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006520948,0.006611498,0.2059091,0.01435912,0.001065707,0.0004103996,0.04509264,0.00253242,0.005113272,0.1738848,0.4119723,0.1323967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01055625,0.004738064,0.003581689,0.01477547,0.0001239547,0.0008277658,0.002255988,0.8429133,0.001556133,0.04053393,0.07564067,0.00249673],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06490903,0.01810969,0.9083288,0.0006466391,0.0009350271,0.003804349,0.0008812491,0.0003951886,0.001990014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874732,0.0006733279,0.0114515,0.00002183442,0.00003201919,0.000057193,0.00003574459,0.0000247247,0.0002304052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9225642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7004082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1558402349","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs404","title":"The Use of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence (TVC) Analysis for Decision Making on The Deployment of Limited Security Resources","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Homeland security; Software deployment; Vulnerability (computing); Computer security; Task (project management); Risk analysis (engineering); Computer science; Mechanism (biology); Business; Engineering; Terrorism; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0405245834868125,"gpt":0.3177245076852079,"spread":0.2771999241983954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001649678,0.0002184676,0.0006095335,0.000596315,0.0009007348,0.00005085677,0.0007684747,0.00038209,0.00001252545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002240064,0.0001302802,0.0001397409,0.001031434,0.01535047,0.00009554073,0.0001708214,0.0002183931,1.903991e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004615004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002226888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000921713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003852169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978893,0.00009709946,0.0004518023,0.0005053286,0.000611819,0.0004446666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956707,0.00279485,0.0005064064,0.0005376143,0.0004080792,0.00008238884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003376216,0.002156592,0.2558536,0.002293271,0.003504675,0.00003168198,0.265009,0.0000135448,0.001737098,0.1760746,0.05664163,0.2333082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004495485,0.006426741,0.006203488,0.0208542,0.003059333,0.00004898952,0.0978279,0.004183104,0.01210841,0.4745296,0.3674325,0.002830226],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851782,0.009620562,0.001121552,0.001015262,0.0001854797,0.001636178,0.0005722395,0.00007134307,0.0005992219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876041,0.01178775,0.0001832219,0.00005198036,0.00003566148,0.00007422284,0.000001947353,0.00002205193,0.0002390994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3107909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9873292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1525215018","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs243","title":"Managing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies: The Ontario Approach","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services","funders":"","keywords":"Interdependence; Critical infrastructure; Work (physics); Process (computing); Business; Government (linguistics); Information sharing; Private sector; Function (biology); Process management; Computer science; Computer security; Engineering; Economic growth; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004494461772166228,"gpt":0.2110664791193141,"spread":0.2065720173471479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003057646,0.0002766644,0.0004879198,0.0007710812,0.0003337421,0.00004034413,0.0007469705,0.0004689312,0.0001079758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001299825,0.0001886682,0.00008309844,0.0006980515,0.005617032,0.0001122072,0.0001528193,0.0005988483,0.000001611385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001056461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001814948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004028964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002773392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985263,0.000009307381,0.000253445,0.0004267918,0.0003551142,0.0004290671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991958,0.00005724766,0.00007174641,0.0004752086,0.0001303035,0.00006972151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001456554,0.0003543008,0.0226019,0.007620162,0.00177018,0.00006246107,0.0361241,0.002126988,0.004019708,0.0364422,0.6798271,0.2089053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002102798,0.0006816047,0.0004965984,0.003459768,0.0007623075,0.0006798953,0.007111212,0.04773438,0.01163337,0.1721319,0.7504221,0.0027841],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06842228,0.1321966,0.1436403,0.001500979,0.003653974,0.005671251,0.0007739662,0.003271793,0.6408688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9654082,0.01651184,0.009393905,0.0001025295,0.000336427,0.000233949,0.00004110213,0.0002863699,0.007685676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8969859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989643000","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs545","title":"Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Information and Cyber Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Homeland security; Center (category theory); Library science; World Wide Web; Political science; Computer security; Computer science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00355041893770368,"gpt":0.1985258261986368,"spread":0.1949754072609331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002365377,0.0001997729,0.0003085005,0.0008727668,0.0003643417,0.00007665344,0.0008697909,0.0003680465,0.00002423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000355601,0.0001734007,0.00002950998,0.0009358578,0.001702698,0.0008689757,0.0002445912,0.0002759035,0.000003354751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008522712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001697969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008665148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01577944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985331,0.000008409586,0.0003173933,0.0002748898,0.0005238651,0.0003423198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986193,0.0000222971,0.0002467233,0.0004177905,0.0005881689,0.0001057856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001679278,0.00004668825,0.0002963932,0.0006880221,0.00004115929,0.000005241292,0.002305414,8.693734e-7,0.00006783818,0.2303356,0.6805685,0.08562753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000513436,0.0001397635,0.00004367089,0.0003521673,0.000008719549,0.00009764857,0.0001347217,0.002255597,0.002138048,0.01364802,0.9803393,0.0003288352],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006202185,0.02911103,0.5693161,0.0161869,0.0106891,0.01106253,0.002215302,0.004198254,0.3510186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8696733,0.02153187,0.08643318,0.004695092,0.0009055681,0.001580869,0.0002911836,0.0004010497,0.01448792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8634711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1481519525","doi":"10.1002/9780470087923.hhs414","title":"Pulsenet: A Program to Detect and Track Food Contamination Events","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security","topic":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preparedness; Outbreak; Food safety; Environmental health; Public health; Business; Biosecurity; Medicine; Political science; Virology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01257657555043433,"gpt":0.2407514582376708,"spread":0.2281748826872365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003645857,0.0002205229,0.0004809491,0.000207967,0.0002123221,0.00001524358,0.0003367955,0.0004833149,0.00002621116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001947053,0.0001025653,0.00004708936,0.0006246096,0.001301907,0.00005451718,0.0001343448,0.0001356325,0.000002545447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001796046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003136132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000671402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008965108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985601,0.00002279824,0.0002361767,0.0005912114,0.0001922037,0.0003975103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999362,0.00008809831,0.0001876377,0.00009830166,0.0001306798,0.0001332816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005896883,0.000104744,0.01642815,0.00008509847,0.00004880026,0.000002984136,0.0001719579,1.920275e-8,0.01753618,0.0003373605,0.01199828,0.9532275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001910285,0.01379448,0.02700345,0.001622399,0.0001260626,0.0002346228,0.0004910939,0.00006756858,0.02148536,0.02918129,0.9026875,0.001395875],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813621,0.01326623,0.00003060548,0.0008279743,0.0001729749,0.002028834,0.0002782112,0.0002644536,0.001768604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822476,0.01240603,0.001208107,0.0001633168,0.0001809075,0.0004675227,0.00006791265,0.00001792383,0.003240704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9518316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4796931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}