{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":34,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":34,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cb6f0c832380","filters":{"venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York"}},"results":[{"id":"W4214888443","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.6","title":"Attitudes towards varied inclusive language use in Spanish on Twitter","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Gender Studies in Language","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Fell; Linguistics; Politics; Psychology; Identity (music); Sociology; Political science; Geography; Art","authors":[{"name":"Katie Slemp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03591916964830963,"gpt":0.3136785790187572,"spread":0.2777594093704476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007693484,0.0003389965,0.0004907809,0.0001601294,0.0006317112,0.0002211722,0.0003071901,0.0002873856,0.000102088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01611981,0.0003770693,0.00006691802,0.000584626,0.0003907952,0.000001019383,0.0005636862,0.0006140417,0.00001402674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005601586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002568467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001261129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01750123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997287,0.0001422336,0.0005005766,0.0007295826,0.0005841536,0.0007563988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981884,0.0009632228,0.0001583431,0.0004395344,0.00007509878,0.0001753779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001004029,0.0002515451,0.04550881,0.00007087622,0.00007109517,0.001199678,0.07480408,0.0003132533,0.0001070293,0.8735228,0.0006085156,0.003441987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008308167,0.00002749446,0.006805283,0.0002802291,0.00004485134,0.000001310472,0.01151901,0.00006006261,0.0001080602,0.001676482,0.9780447,0.0006016328],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01277167,0.0005795083,0.000005051244,0.00009246271,0.002966712,0.0002997526,0.00001467439,0.0000855088,0.9831846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853966,0.0002766682,0.008742822,0.001287447,0.002925963,0.00002930049,0.00002928777,0.00005501769,0.001256846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9819278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389638925","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.23","title":"Nigerian Pidgin English","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Nigerians; Pidgin; Diaspora; Prestige; Covert; Identity (music); Gender studies; Focus group; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Political science; Linguistics; Anthropology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Precious Affia","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04658741044284351,"gpt":0.3612598780362656,"spread":0.3146724675934222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001158858,0.0002392653,0.0003034678,0.0002729664,0.0008831666,0.0001668117,0.0002849185,0.000250026,0.0001350512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02059021,0.0002755023,0.00005603008,0.0008949802,0.0003460746,4.675935e-7,0.0001317569,0.000359916,0.00008429743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002055696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002804946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005834007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001735739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978959,0.0000783003,0.0004428667,0.000461099,0.0003871496,0.0007346884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983786,0.0007868839,0.0001490031,0.0002866536,0.00007379203,0.0003250671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002438906,0.00003842486,0.004918413,0.00002791292,0.00001286867,0.00001440251,0.04703796,0.0001154926,0.00001732908,0.9357878,0.003078665,0.008926366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002966774,0.000008729485,0.0004770594,0.00006764379,0.00001576183,1.124718e-7,0.004300341,0.0002710922,0.0000120658,0.001907964,0.9923161,0.0003264739],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002592025,0.0001029174,6.034371e-7,0.0001004754,0.007374624,0.0002570839,0.000009666359,0.0003263088,0.9892363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795581,0.0003883792,0.001656976,0.0005805857,0.01257076,0.00003012106,0.00004228627,0.00004817436,0.005124611],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9892374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214914586","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.5","title":"Artificial intelligence language models and the false fantasy of participatory language policies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Language policy; Language industry; Citizen journalism; Constructed language; Covert; Computer science; Sociology; Language model; Comprehension approach; Language education; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Pedagogy; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Mandy Lau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07569030438959631,"gpt":0.3565560372253451,"spread":0.2808657328357488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001750185,0.0001889241,0.0004010666,0.00006583768,0.0006827291,0.0001774225,0.0002095717,0.0002217865,0.00001836888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01354004,0.0001674608,0.0000640916,0.0003151108,0.00151893,0.000001476839,0.0002099778,0.0004244137,0.000001394836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006881914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002137023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001658633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007033154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981688,0.0001721267,0.0004967006,0.0003047253,0.000403908,0.0004537549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976641,0.001621661,0.0001997474,0.0002541591,0.0001008267,0.0001595376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000532297,0.00003554721,0.0002838668,0.00003083614,0.000023936,0.00002394152,0.09880062,0.0002181455,0.0001155889,0.8969721,0.00001733153,0.003424922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008614291,0.00005758215,0.000200762,0.0005585899,0.0003222693,0.00000237774,0.1791566,0.006467413,0.002139062,0.4838282,0.3252911,0.001114671],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02735609,0.003837529,0.00003447289,0.0004718065,0.001140762,0.0003013605,0.00002496078,0.00005180827,0.9667812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948158,0.001212273,0.001634163,0.0005225058,0.001597853,0.00001072908,0.000007203929,0.00002471493,0.0001747933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9674597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214874247","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.7","title":"Metaphoring back in the climate crisis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Metaphor; Narrative; Comprehension; Engineering ethics; Frame problem; Sociology; Generative grammar; Ecology; Environmental ethics; Political science; Epistemology; Engineering; Computer science; Civil engineering; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Edmund Martin Nolan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02258466944223204,"gpt":0.2474102492083409,"spread":0.2248255797661089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007169654,0.0002464749,0.00028399,0.0001121603,0.0001590158,0.0001800907,0.0002000558,0.0001348109,0.0000935793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001987512,0.000238407,0.00004491335,0.0005434985,0.0000442149,8.057067e-7,0.00007696037,0.0005276914,0.0000396744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001276411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004647951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000460302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006467524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984823,0.00006212931,0.0004507403,0.0003278873,0.0002207484,0.000456165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986119,0.0008370794,0.00006933325,0.0003710175,0.00002774054,0.00008291377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005651932,0.000162312,0.004406553,0.00034051,0.00008328873,0.0002350749,0.007722938,0.01276068,0.0004312243,0.9614007,0.005362504,0.007037682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000294334,0.000004956706,0.0004844761,0.00008451864,0.00004833594,0.000005565547,0.00168347,0.002640266,0.0001419389,0.0006101242,0.9937012,0.0003007852],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006881812,0.001445756,0.00001779703,0.00006791314,0.003093284,0.0001510577,0.000005398369,0.00006642566,0.9944642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876351,0.001083455,0.009053765,0.0005698197,0.001399421,0.00002498743,0.00002537911,0.00005164731,0.0001563828],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9943078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9721956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220863689","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.12","title":"Part-time language teachers and teaching quality","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Emotional Intelligence and Performance","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Enthusiasm; Affect (linguistics); Status quo; Stressor; Psychology; Quality (philosophy); Class (philosophy); Face (sociological concept); School teachers; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medical education; Social psychology; Sociology; Political science; Medicine; Clinical psychology","authors":[{"name":"Maryam Elshafei","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03369528682424942,"gpt":0.3236932840050018,"spread":0.2899979971807524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00148574,0.0002684185,0.0003449505,0.0001284781,0.0007926741,0.0000554195,0.0002248749,0.0001266999,0.0007350216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001358607,0.0002991414,0.0000487257,0.000130017,0.0001740624,5.033959e-7,0.0003090403,0.0009660959,0.00003549927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001390886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003113573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002107181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005608788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979571,0.0001543491,0.0005289784,0.0005717463,0.0003078156,0.0004800108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986365,0.0006680263,0.0002055584,0.0003412983,0.00001317918,0.0001354489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001533031,0.0001521226,0.0179072,0.00003338542,0.00006044596,0.00006094136,0.01669003,0.0003978618,0.0001530641,0.9450094,0.001549978,0.01783231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003877308,0.00006135635,0.001294672,0.00004252554,0.00003242117,0.000007585807,0.002948595,0.0004760592,0.00001068285,0.001158335,0.993184,0.0003960292],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03460091,0.0009927034,0.00000520133,0.00003140911,0.002442395,0.0002123649,0.00003953999,0.00008584235,0.9615896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902818,0.00004269795,0.002244199,0.0006116575,0.002166393,0.00005734312,0.00007452229,0.00004830256,0.004473149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.991634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308417056","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.17","title":"Institutional exclusion and exploitation of language teachers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Precarity; Professionalization; Power (physics); Identity (music); Pedagogy; Sociology; Field (mathematics); Teacher education; Professional development; Public relations; Political science; Gender studies; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Maryam Elshafei","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02286996858236882,"gpt":0.2957154097797779,"spread":0.2728454411974091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005280362,0.0001045256,0.0001488642,0.00008350502,0.0008893314,0.00003177979,0.0001071766,0.00006216612,0.00006628624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003711264,0.0001141041,0.00002226367,0.0002216442,0.0002702223,5.746786e-7,0.0001192461,0.000191811,8.250956e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000224957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001023032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008538903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005488962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989554,0.00006204132,0.0002436177,0.0002196048,0.0003225974,0.0001966937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994581,0.000189851,0.0001315453,0.00008862958,0.00003541014,0.00009641602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002945227,0.00006185967,0.001768236,0.00001697415,0.000008853035,0.000005626902,0.1364852,0.0004640698,0.0003462965,0.8571421,0.0002885688,0.003382765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032791,0.00001343381,0.0005060271,0.00002898092,0.00001749903,6.190922e-7,0.03272682,0.0001220735,0.00001918578,0.0005586196,0.9655355,0.0001433555],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07019063,0.0006028219,0.000001287697,0.00008649196,0.002287296,0.000241098,0.00001441463,0.00003832097,0.9265376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955736,0.0001328435,0.002974223,0.0001912904,0.0006263572,0.00002239883,0.00003227356,0.000009330942,0.0004376335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9652469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6840108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388461245","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.27","title":"Stylizing Asian","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Misrepresentation; Foregrounding; Identity (music); Hegemony; White (mutation); Sociology; Stylized fact; Ethnic group; Linguistics; Aesthetics; History; Art; Anthropology; Political science; Politics; Philosophy; Law","authors":[{"name":"Yifan Wu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04572758831374139,"gpt":0.268712754336993,"spread":0.2229851660232516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004646708,0.000314501,0.0003582155,0.0002625782,0.0007741924,0.0003896308,0.0003775472,0.0001195436,0.0002231396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001567422,0.0003147691,0.00006285279,0.0002231645,0.0004380815,9.030906e-7,0.0003184936,0.0004223888,0.0001171305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009567497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006210702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009582966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001376707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981499,0.00003937115,0.0005157907,0.0004343914,0.0003062968,0.0005542643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986427,0.0004432944,0.000191534,0.0005496383,0.00004696861,0.0001258823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002512329,0.00003030102,0.0005465291,0.00004759598,0.00003008237,0.00003362666,0.017197,0.0001005405,0.000021282,0.977848,0.001464295,0.002655655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000353502,0.00001983302,0.0001396586,0.000149061,0.00003919355,6.110799e-7,0.01107517,0.0004771732,0.00001043503,0.009775372,0.9775578,0.0004022373],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007842235,0.0003568148,0.000001065513,0.00007345532,0.002337339,0.0002052205,0.00002191033,0.0003418929,0.9958781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900795,0.0001896145,0.001518852,0.0002343697,0.004304283,0.00003958392,0.0001072747,0.0000781031,0.003448473],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9924296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391899324","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.36","title":"Is ChatGPT taking over the language classroom?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Mandy Lau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01903122850289172,"gpt":0.2599082870151254,"spread":0.2408770585122337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006730222,0.0003335832,0.0002950773,0.0001698416,0.0003603754,0.0006000938,0.0007832313,0.0001840039,0.00003367477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001360978,0.0002746214,0.0000852981,0.0005284186,0.0001183904,0.00000140629,0.0006353579,0.0006564452,0.00002372505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001718244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009136748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005981158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006747271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976351,0.00003316904,0.0004853778,0.0008208174,0.0004300782,0.0005955026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982606,0.0006604486,0.000141421,0.0007927293,0.00002166507,0.0001231433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005587965,0.0000145609,0.0007286288,0.00006753577,0.00002967958,0.0001077575,0.005448256,0.0004736579,0.0000760424,0.9556921,0.0004813132,0.03687491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001704552,0.000009481621,0.0001128312,0.0002528013,0.00002564041,0.000004710303,0.0001261856,0.1884558,0.00006245368,0.005055237,0.8054055,0.0003189053],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008698447,0.004632569,0.00608357,0.0002367045,0.008548363,0.0004700575,0.000008680019,0.0004571452,0.9786931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9684447,0.0001354025,0.02601609,0.00108514,0.003740009,0.00003217644,0.000004797427,0.00004989122,0.0004918129],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9782013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388461246","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.30","title":"A person was raped, who is the agent?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Headline; Newspaper; Sexual assault; Paragraph; Agency (philosophy); Criminology; Constitution; Media coverage; Political science; Law; Psychology; Sociology; Media studies; Poison control; Human factors and ergonomics; Advertising; Medicine; Business","authors":[{"name":"Marianne Laplante","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra Dupuy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Spencer Nault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04877603916362615,"gpt":0.2554455130217184,"spread":0.2066694738580923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007262442,0.0004829393,0.0005689939,0.0003161694,0.001454795,0.0005467083,0.0004552617,0.0001595737,0.0005995744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002648261,0.0003845388,0.0001994973,0.000366546,0.0005919947,7.914157e-7,0.0002637799,0.0005126902,0.0001849859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001085302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007285622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000302872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008810022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972539,0.00004479997,0.000610867,0.0007183517,0.0005527788,0.0008192993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981264,0.0007026026,0.0002651079,0.0006161106,0.00009641583,0.0001934031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004417633,0.00004388798,0.00110638,0.00005569382,0.000127662,0.00006273178,0.01907552,0.0001382027,0.000007155268,0.9617258,0.01613949,0.00147324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004717233,0.00002965568,0.00008982689,0.000143501,0.0002425751,7.992035e-7,0.00546536,0.005493289,0.00001078048,0.005481337,0.98204,0.000531151],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008829716,0.0006322186,0.000001155875,0.0002819701,0.003647387,0.000300267,0.00005947322,0.0001814235,0.9940131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698397,0.0005882542,0.0002593046,0.001397049,0.01405966,0.00004890142,0.00008282971,0.00009759769,0.0136267],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9803864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308420213","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.19","title":"Graduate students would benefit from guidelines for preparing conference abstracts","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Université Laval","funders":"York University","keywords":"Rhetorical question; Normative; Graduate students; Computer science; Cluster analysis; Linguistics; Psychology; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Pedagogy; Epistemology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Gabriel Frazer-McKee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kendall Vogh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.110664757249642,"gpt":0.3255622568457306,"spread":0.2148974995960886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006790338,0.0003887835,0.0005668288,0.0001609239,0.001419315,0.0003698551,0.0005159457,0.00008993019,0.0002718638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003221662,0.0004030824,0.0001167513,0.00008956373,0.0002588907,0.000001020532,0.0007391304,0.0005681718,0.000005346807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001619572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004489865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005732908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003193444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997225,0.00002196991,0.000876072,0.000694848,0.0006580827,0.0005239854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983937,0.000498676,0.0004119506,0.0003958334,0.0001941712,0.0001057341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001561859,0.0001680819,0.001311581,0.00004973181,0.0003357949,0.00002555163,0.02091977,0.005746143,0.00001909669,0.9629132,0.003916911,0.004437916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006558214,0.00004579069,0.000122453,0.0001117655,0.0002629414,3.455092e-7,0.009042869,0.001216555,0.00001383571,0.01211522,0.9759064,0.0005059484],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008758441,0.001034153,0.000006765615,0.00006679154,0.004628766,0.0005237032,0.0002774755,0.0001158756,0.984588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863117,0.0001189144,0.004448423,0.0006694009,0.005604301,0.0002186593,0.0002034536,0.00007241103,0.002352686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9822354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308421667","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.15","title":"Meme genres and the art of the YouTube apology parody","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Humor Studies and Applications","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); The Internet; Creativity; Tragedy (event); Psychology; Linguistics; Sociology; Media studies; Art; Literature; Social psychology; Visual arts; Computer science; Philosophy; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"QingXiao Cui","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01819992728455928,"gpt":0.2627550131125293,"spread":0.24455508582797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006989595,0.0002103575,0.0003790515,0.00005427622,0.001046507,0.000022007,0.0003707084,0.00007868302,0.0001557801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001130103,0.0001479584,0.00007051112,0.0002911764,0.0008625037,7.376868e-8,0.0007548219,0.0005047904,0.000004921385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005177967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002795462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001135335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001461505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983991,0.0001218121,0.0004842029,0.0004083703,0.0002254704,0.0003610629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982026,0.000918125,0.0002677811,0.0005390104,0.00001788395,0.0000546391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001422078,0.00006045113,0.005005754,0.00001330566,0.00007526129,0.000004199059,0.004785157,0.0001500639,0.00002085403,0.9860064,0.002803031,0.0009333563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001029318,0.00002706559,0.001280136,0.00001349188,0.0001015419,0.000005185582,0.003562072,0.0001825008,0.000005159792,0.003806416,0.9898114,0.0001756922],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003394786,0.001810545,0.000002526988,0.0003548331,0.002768466,0.0005158834,0.00003978306,0.00002674212,0.9910864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960486,0.0001607077,0.0005044393,0.0006482733,0.001021993,0.000235059,0.0000109644,0.00003253035,0.001337436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9926538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8048992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308017478","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.14","title":"Framing the pandemic in the political discourse of Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Ideology; Politics; Topos theory; Critical discourse analysis; Sociology; Public discourse; Underpinning; Media studies; Political science; Law; History; Literature; Art","authors":[{"name":"Katarzyna Kasztenna","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04146565371006239,"gpt":0.2688262668147031,"spread":0.2273606131046407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007559419,0.0001800514,0.000281958,0.00007658346,0.001075307,0.00007555021,0.0003634665,0.00004095845,0.00004077781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009701068,0.0001245045,0.00003941678,0.0001131131,0.0007293304,4.65749e-7,0.0004226343,0.0005794541,6.364644e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007357419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003818736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000275593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001088505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985811,0.0001093776,0.000450907,0.0002320636,0.0002988215,0.0003277823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979466,0.00149877,0.0001650403,0.0003272862,0.0000222143,0.0000400726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003831792,0.00005552382,0.006766783,0.00002444209,0.00001833955,0.000003971994,0.02817533,0.00005845792,0.000002811375,0.9633738,0.0002302919,0.001251887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003315418,0.00003176403,0.000764278,0.00004424638,0.00005468893,0.00000213259,0.05697365,0.0004124242,7.746154e-7,0.01240512,0.928812,0.0001673736],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01214936,0.002708172,0.000001965484,0.0005969816,0.001191027,0.0003149199,0.00003069626,0.00002662691,0.9829803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99713,0.0002792676,0.0002016994,0.000830635,0.001218434,0.00007108754,0.00001125467,0.00001995479,0.0002376628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9849806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8270503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214816497","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.11","title":"Content moderation as language policy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Offensive; Moderation; Normative; Computer science; Process (computing); De facto; Government (linguistics); Language policy; Content (measure theory); Public relations; Psychology; Political science; Linguistics; Social psychology; Law; Engineering; Operations research; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Mandy Lau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01779615739909172,"gpt":0.2346590497283109,"spread":0.2168628923292192,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004613987,0.0002291094,0.0002424009,0.0002505537,0.0007873695,0.0001844058,0.0004147693,0.00008288099,0.000025698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001660501,0.0002599464,0.00004996419,0.000515837,0.00005524658,8.565063e-7,0.0005685982,0.0004436939,0.00001302299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003434768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001381009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002922539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007054557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981665,0.00005544701,0.000373442,0.0005458434,0.000419583,0.0004392101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990823,0.0001665095,0.0001591587,0.000426042,0.00002635994,0.0001396219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004263448,0.00005492238,0.0002000565,0.00001305965,0.00001440458,0.00007680054,0.002062751,0.002840181,0.000902235,0.9805655,0.0001179886,0.01310949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006374755,0.0001053414,0.0000683304,0.00002930986,0.0000142376,0.00001771349,0.00042399,0.02895441,0.0005589742,0.006620443,0.9621494,0.0004203162],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003065857,0.0003963011,0.000840388,0.0001140715,0.003169023,0.0003633826,0.000008148127,0.0002642653,0.9917786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812189,0.00004068622,0.01530622,0.0008094474,0.001603668,0.00006181577,0.00002139406,0.00003000932,0.0009078471],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9908707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404505940","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.46","title":"Investigating the role of teacher agency on adopting plurilingual methodologies in language teaching","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Political science; Linguistics; Computer science; Social science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Farya Mokhtari Mirabadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04510601156459881,"gpt":0.2952593407238656,"spread":0.2501533291592667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002839802,0.0003501592,0.0004351735,0.0002788046,0.0005883779,0.0002639838,0.0002927204,0.0001490257,0.00004934218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01323726,0.0002786667,0.00008787442,0.000136288,0.0003779215,0.000001453588,0.0001933355,0.001803653,0.000005371695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001181976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006401936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005354751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005429354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977043,0.0002685183,0.0007044805,0.0005189926,0.0003108766,0.0004928857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965449,0.00284968,0.0002165844,0.0003069154,0.00001325356,0.00006868091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001808974,0.00003012435,0.001327468,0.0001172646,0.0000305897,0.00002309986,0.1433179,0.001289665,0.0002404306,0.8116426,0.0000328839,0.0419299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002139037,0.00005497456,0.00009436386,0.001422469,0.00005716531,0.000001475158,0.02880504,0.006034082,0.00008912937,0.007441828,0.9553879,0.0003976132],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03258498,0.003324235,0.000003700686,0.0000346201,0.001732758,0.000213591,0.000007730855,0.000184617,0.9619138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857683,0.00003989113,0.009076562,0.0001342017,0.00423593,0.00001869485,0.00001547966,0.0000776956,0.0006332725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9612805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308017284","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.18","title":"“Whenever we pull the race card, they can be like: ‘De quoi vous parlez?’”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Code-switching; Construct (python library); Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Context (archaeology); Variety (cybernetics); Code (set theory); Indirect speech; Computer science; Event (particle physics); Race (biology); Psychology; Sociology; History; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Marianne Laplante","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04056826081995992,"gpt":0.3370095211639895,"spread":0.2964412603440296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001792595,0.0002999716,0.0003420478,0.0001277138,0.002788773,0.0001907902,0.0006194233,0.0001647734,0.0001861169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005547974,0.0002871527,0.00009171847,0.000435297,0.0003851855,5.391699e-7,0.0003350623,0.000851245,0.000005693884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006626226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008083706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006374066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01010406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972528,0.0002873853,0.0004733889,0.0005076231,0.0006497778,0.0008290512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977936,0.001135503,0.0002599141,0.0004545866,0.00005879031,0.0002976765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007052743,0.00010894,0.003716786,0.00002545602,0.00003998546,0.00002363271,0.131989,0.001705386,0.00002355995,0.8506116,0.00521549,0.006469709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003269106,0.0000195974,0.000112279,0.00002923967,0.00005412211,0.000001832477,0.01255702,0.0003907027,0.000006646972,0.003186876,0.9829502,0.0003645346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002168406,0.0009524141,0.000001440784,0.001742644,0.006767744,0.0005089031,0.00004352383,0.0001147531,0.9877002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812339,0.0007090727,0.001207075,0.003488496,0.006207222,0.0001055478,0.00003078903,0.00005910498,0.006958808],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9807414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416775130","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.48","title":"Gender, linguistics, and leadership","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Criticism; Conformity; Leadership style; Coaching; Ideology; Style (visual arts)","authors":[{"name":"Judy Brooks","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1496548264253189,"gpt":0.2923962951361722,"spread":0.1427414687108533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002682903,0.0009604571,0.001245423,0.0005119136,0.002801178,0.0006159113,0.0007786992,0.00115449,0.0001418702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03481364,0.001190022,0.0001892588,0.001160047,0.002154777,0.00000112882,0.0010832,0.001571204,0.00002805293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007101017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007695851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008657007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001653552,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9937363,0.0003340274,0.001433445,0.001791278,0.0008789524,0.001826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956352,0.002101875,0.0005828079,0.0007678221,0.0002474773,0.0006648184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002268283,0.0002229228,0.02128634,0.0007987526,0.0002027424,0.00005914508,0.01445012,0.0001112306,0.0000115008,0.9568193,0.002421253,0.00338986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001436296,0.00005792674,0.001159822,0.0007252918,0.0005229053,6.193993e-7,0.0134785,0.0008947898,0.00002362624,0.01922009,0.9613258,0.001154285],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003441088,0.008284585,0.00002099996,0.0001340956,0.0146479,0.0007171727,0.00005788183,0.000134976,0.9756583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777935,0.004170007,0.00461359,0.001559514,0.007465435,0.00001640181,0.00004090539,0.00007237843,0.004268236],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9774494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214918389","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.3","title":"Meta-discourses of disability among people with Multiple Sclerosis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Disability Rights and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Multiple sclerosis; Disabled people; Psychology; Term (time); Disease; Medicine; Psychiatry; Communication","authors":[{"name":"Ana-Maria Jerca","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05513648213813813,"gpt":0.2813607042875218,"spread":0.2262242221493837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006657669,0.0002177674,0.0005439249,0.00003953128,0.000518999,0.0001009682,0.0001684976,0.0001511817,0.0001184042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004183532,0.0001749935,0.0001098677,0.0004560383,0.001686684,0.00000129935,0.0001156765,0.000204362,0.000001203148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001356805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001426737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002470729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05531986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998027,0.0001167279,0.0004725646,0.0005170689,0.0004884822,0.0003781976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980909,0.001052856,0.0002217687,0.000365654,0.000110009,0.0001588228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007460437,0.00030394,0.3919149,0.00008341925,0.0002368295,0.000007089368,0.007628705,0.0007073987,0.0000551914,0.5980499,0.00003915136,0.0008988558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001745011,0.00007974703,0.08370107,0.0003880219,0.002105692,8.17943e-7,0.01586463,0.0007940743,0.0008817075,0.01319093,0.8801457,0.001102601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06917883,0.0004433048,0.00001383975,0.0001489296,0.001150906,0.0004769505,0.00002950938,0.00006632687,0.9284914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929851,0.0001347093,0.005507753,0.00003050189,0.0008294467,0.00003345374,0.00002715712,0.00002554534,0.0004262936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9280651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9619181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407149157","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.40","title":"How do we speak about sexual assaults?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sexual assault; Psychology; Criminology; Medicine; Medical emergency; Poison control; Human factors and ergonomics","authors":[{"name":"Marianne Laplante","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra Dupuy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Spencer Nault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02952315833541902,"gpt":0.2635942295522839,"spread":0.2340710712168649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004163494,0.000422598,0.0004877058,0.0002533612,0.0007682036,0.001108414,0.0005203349,0.0001881349,0.0001159818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002026707,0.0004083051,0.00006652162,0.0001766972,0.0006431245,0.000001667694,0.0003565741,0.0006120737,0.00001555651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001483482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001227609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001029869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001763169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979693,0.00005678105,0.000540883,0.0005672655,0.0003271519,0.0005385707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981578,0.0006243899,0.0002514468,0.0007548358,0.00009876723,0.0001127652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004661733,0.0000766975,0.0006385799,0.000114285,0.00007137781,0.00001884256,0.009384447,0.00004990101,0.00002135325,0.9791079,0.002421135,0.008048831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005656074,0.00002269686,0.00006143737,0.0003642881,0.00009116458,6.238437e-7,0.01298815,0.0002139369,0.00001737092,0.01442136,0.9708011,0.0004523104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004217551,0.004722035,0.000009586104,0.0002822255,0.003188326,0.0002890473,0.00003579298,0.0001576132,0.9908936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762113,0.0005903702,0.002572377,0.0003276946,0.003909192,0.0000420035,0.00005526946,0.00005677204,0.01623501],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9757895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308017474","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.16","title":"Nation-building and state support for creole languages","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Creole language; Sociolinguistics; Relation (database); State (computer science); Politics; Linguistics; Power (physics); English-based creole languages; Political science; Government (linguistics); French; Language contact; Pidgin; Sociology; History; Foreign language; Modern language; Law; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Griffin Cahill","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02422158381144369,"gpt":0.2952466713300577,"spread":0.271025087518614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001151778,0.0002208131,0.0003308686,0.00009335823,0.002881875,0.000119202,0.0001959713,0.00008654192,0.00004906051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007854943,0.0002380733,0.00005157504,0.0002216983,0.0003493427,6.13193e-7,0.0003105576,0.0002955678,0.000001080408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000298268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001068099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004875098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006345963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981692,0.00006319026,0.0003753496,0.000451811,0.000406298,0.0005341895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984241,0.001049641,0.0001843507,0.0001272714,0.00006821433,0.0001464521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005612574,0.00003584697,0.005819953,0.00003813973,0.00004078645,0.00001663452,0.01859404,0.0001874795,0.00003215446,0.9714506,0.0007002858,0.003027933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004264467,0.00004224607,0.0001481855,0.00002418174,0.00004544112,4.591216e-7,0.00674349,0.0002340166,0.00001152924,0.007730262,0.9842647,0.0003290238],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004014902,0.00109703,0.00001953661,0.0001333879,0.002845158,0.0006944682,0.0001013802,0.0001298594,0.9909643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851149,0.0003312243,0.008735116,0.0003516813,0.002632831,0.0001245088,0.00003457611,0.00003534442,0.002639818],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9883245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407144347","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.44","title":"The other-accent effect on speaker recognition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Speech recognition; Speaker recognition; Linguistics; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Pamela Bautista","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julien Plante-Hébert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0265704162198653,"gpt":0.3156036235719361,"spread":0.2890332073520708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001068125,0.0003087407,0.0003372498,0.0001759784,0.0006256337,0.0001161464,0.0003248449,0.0002915761,0.0001030628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003243587,0.0002478454,0.00006740334,0.0003706152,0.0003321705,1.379894e-7,0.0001831776,0.0007715634,0.0001213635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001446893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004822424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001152403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002703792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997912,0.0001522234,0.0004563753,0.0005873536,0.0002246916,0.0006673945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966593,0.002514662,0.0001283762,0.0005546733,0.00003692695,0.0001060474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001385407,0.0001739252,0.005510335,0.00005003985,0.0001838253,0.00005324199,0.001118425,0.00004105764,0.0001926159,0.8827471,0.003646991,0.104897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001037052,0.0001656035,0.002930699,0.000174867,0.00004829499,0.000001204018,0.0000882202,0.0001388839,0.0001971771,0.007601141,0.9873536,0.0002632453],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006065204,0.0008585266,0.000003756784,0.00008539404,0.006961336,0.0004790958,0.00001499661,0.00005711123,0.9854746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942713,0.0001722404,0.0003134143,0.000653844,0.001718897,0.0001122437,0.00002144295,0.00004558543,0.002690986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9882061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416302592","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.52","title":"Supporting literacy development of multilingual language learners with limited or interrupted education","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Literacy; Variety (cybernetics); Reading (process); Multilingualism; Population; Face (sociological concept); Formal education; Information literacy","authors":[{"name":"Natasha Faroogh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joy Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Munise Gültekin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03185064381674237,"gpt":0.4051075591287426,"spread":0.3732569153120003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001382063,0.000631778,0.0008550011,0.0007353903,0.0009233867,0.0002494374,0.0005050512,0.0004632732,0.0002893278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01636851,0.0006047147,0.00009117528,0.001653183,0.0007015344,0.000002046007,0.0002848838,0.0008025349,0.00001143914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006079215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005110717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007712008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002427106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955079,0.0001606021,0.001847476,0.0009398386,0.0005637293,0.0009804487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963998,0.001357006,0.001089106,0.0005030796,0.0002964309,0.0003545512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001361075,0.001045991,0.01043782,0.001110707,0.0002561761,0.00002286001,0.4607309,0.0001810813,0.0002427078,0.1312698,0.0002314299,0.3931094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001122738,0.00006127628,0.0003637634,0.002677291,0.0001743323,9.516363e-7,0.05515814,0.001098477,0.0006260044,0.00009229733,0.9379439,0.0006808532],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05475575,0.001052067,0.00001467732,0.00005740138,0.005270206,0.0009211417,0.00001385574,0.00008770922,0.9378272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.950848,0.0002116584,0.03255376,0.000566076,0.002060423,0.00004861425,0.00009028684,0.00006885944,0.01355234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9377124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416302612","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.49","title":"That is so like a woman! (Tai niangmen le/太娘们了)","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Gender Studies in Language","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Pejorative; Meaning (existential); Relation (database); Process (computing); Adjective; Action (physics); Term (time)","authors":[{"name":"Yifan Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"B O'Neill","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02067567816627157,"gpt":0.2751596098537558,"spread":0.2544839316874842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001807764,0.001124493,0.001407309,0.0005044665,0.003956954,0.0007554513,0.001255879,0.0009945678,0.0002084309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007146303,0.001320858,0.000279682,0.001647805,0.002423027,0.000001513492,0.001770344,0.001444888,0.00004884993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009653697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009848991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001162608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002708774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993225,0.0002174596,0.001382882,0.00193934,0.001122321,0.002112951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960184,0.001541958,0.0006596839,0.001167007,0.0001445821,0.0004683422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001840102,0.0002630148,0.009494503,0.0004153855,0.0005355129,0.0001583532,0.07582653,0.00008769796,0.00002231093,0.888991,0.01206163,0.01196005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001376328,0.00004724638,0.0002983899,0.0008791034,0.0004388043,0.000001013124,0.02359495,0.0004987241,0.00004795136,0.007983208,0.9636033,0.001230951],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003350172,0.01187969,0.00003048328,0.0004505496,0.01707853,0.0009908432,0.00004855701,0.0001747702,0.9690115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9697739,0.003693299,0.005985767,0.004392161,0.005834077,0.00009411039,0.00002269583,0.000134046,0.01006991],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9694389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407113368","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.45","title":"Using linguistic analysis to go below the surface in trademark disputes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Comparative and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Trademark; Linguistics; Business; Computer science; Political science; Philosophy; Law","authors":[{"name":"Shana Poplack","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04135743467152232,"gpt":0.3359939576412929,"spread":0.2946365229697706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001066662,0.0002637959,0.0005039739,0.0003082432,0.0009419787,0.0001594801,0.0004048525,0.0001252343,0.00002133244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009580025,0.0002380778,0.00009872251,0.001995605,0.0003738877,6.28295e-7,0.0002488167,0.0003513206,0.000005058826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004265257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001553276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001939331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03264781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978892,0.000115696,0.0005741947,0.0005118115,0.0003954783,0.000513572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997607,0.001798883,0.0001396383,0.0002541991,0.00009240487,0.0001078789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055169,0.00005158631,0.06326234,0.00001275943,0.0001897194,0.000009784318,0.006920803,0.009753441,0.00001713895,0.9190517,0.0002111941,0.0004689704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002278337,0.00001039002,0.005638102,0.0001488825,0.0002404561,6.680808e-8,0.001006762,0.006727009,0.00001006876,0.004944632,0.9807628,0.000282941],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009242844,0.001135656,0.0001211182,0.0002438121,0.002076752,0.0004319566,0.00001188207,0.00004063619,0.9866953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916618,0.0002398399,0.005108322,0.0005454409,0.001184066,0.00001871813,0.000007947317,0.00001649645,0.001217394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9854779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407149281","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.41","title":"Recontextualization and production roles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Economics","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02647837738523777,"gpt":0.2596295101191337,"spread":0.2331511327338959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003167501,0.0002083349,0.000248293,0.0001724085,0.0005565952,0.0002775477,0.0001455208,0.00008929849,0.00004819576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002004422,0.0002066696,0.00002420845,0.0001004016,0.0003858141,0.00000116554,0.0001445463,0.000224565,0.000003668389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000692379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004751625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007118657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002373234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988599,0.00003719224,0.0003880971,0.0003588874,0.0001282868,0.0002276038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991871,0.0002325776,0.0001472381,0.000324094,0.00006226628,0.0000467346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003445309,0.00003504815,0.001087222,0.00006498654,0.00002671996,0.000001873887,0.009376569,0.0000620703,0.00002418138,0.9819774,0.0006096709,0.006699813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002755426,0.0000117643,0.0001207327,0.000252767,0.00005314771,5.010953e-7,0.005738182,0.0003123041,0.00003857451,0.01843713,0.9745255,0.0002338744],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001293513,0.001755105,0.000006850765,0.0001136654,0.002253736,0.0002355926,0.000006829529,0.00009378263,0.9942409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991948,0.0005174506,0.001346691,0.0002322946,0.002014507,0.00003026038,0.00004261203,0.0000256236,0.003842524],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9906545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8427741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388461647","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.34","title":"Spoken language bilingualism for deaf students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Deaf education; Spoken language; Linguistics; American Sign Language; Sign language; Psychology; Context (archaeology); Sociolinguistics of sign languages; Multilingualism; Manually coded language; Pedagogy; History","authors":[{"name":"Melanie Rae Simpson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04033773184134577,"gpt":0.354287718442328,"spread":0.3139499866009823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001089234,0.0002792239,0.0003515215,0.0002475583,0.0003460284,0.00009868731,0.0004635964,0.0002429295,0.00004619122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002669603,0.0003023766,0.00007151718,0.0004395559,0.0001083175,3.152043e-7,0.00032493,0.0003310323,0.00008446453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001148452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003667227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008578911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001065842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979694,0.00005223524,0.0005243046,0.0005278125,0.0002856844,0.0006405261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998087,0.0009356251,0.0001623783,0.0006401952,0.00003180636,0.0001429912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003691737,0.0002992323,0.04856664,0.0001298213,0.0001513633,0.00008839197,0.02056891,0.0001574574,0.0003082253,0.9065254,0.003258648,0.01957671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00139093,0.00006858397,0.005420232,0.0001260947,0.0000645899,0.000001413151,0.001582031,0.0006722341,0.00003708476,0.001907754,0.9883111,0.0004180148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07834373,0.0005264233,0.00001225543,0.00004955419,0.005128667,0.0009565394,0.00003007077,0.000440293,0.9145125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900253,0.00008239394,0.003688948,0.0002712,0.002394727,0.0001683072,0.0001547854,0.00008541288,0.003128931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9850524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214869825","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.4","title":"He, (s)he/she, and they","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Gender Studies in Language","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Gender studies; Sociology; Identity (music); Harm; Diversity (politics); Performativity; Aesthetics; Social psychology; Political science; Politics; Psychology; Law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"B O'Neill","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02297054801045586,"gpt":0.2775553879813082,"spread":0.2545848399708524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007516608,0.0002876,0.0004059369,0.00008407539,0.001051153,0.0001756051,0.0002257895,0.0002396552,0.00007259026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0102578,0.0003165706,0.00004975521,0.0003143214,0.0004947598,5.028548e-7,0.0004510845,0.0004112177,0.00000687889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001628321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001450256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003548719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006047438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977604,0.00009092495,0.000412011,0.0006387842,0.0004283638,0.0006695109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984549,0.0007575448,0.0001412829,0.000347185,0.00007423253,0.0002248114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000228188,0.00005032661,0.00852301,0.00005059759,0.00006727529,0.0001535098,0.01802721,0.00003777728,0.00006068675,0.9668791,0.0007118526,0.005415778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003936754,0.00001218471,0.0006087619,0.00009941761,0.00007466528,0.000002054689,0.005465385,0.00006671838,0.00003072678,0.00980321,0.9830502,0.0003929887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00130904,0.002816343,0.000007975414,0.0001224189,0.003206598,0.0001983273,0.000009380311,0.0000901939,0.9922397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9760469,0.001524956,0.01619907,0.0004618512,0.003776468,0.00001816938,0.00001132861,0.0000454978,0.001915778],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.990324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214906507","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.8","title":"On the acceptability of multiple interrogatives in Italian","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Interrogative word; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Point (geometry); Interrogative; Psychology; Likert scale; Phenomenon; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Natural language processing; Mathematics; Geography; Developmental psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Anda Amelia Neagu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04455818699641748,"gpt":0.2694032304368538,"spread":0.2248450434404363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004222023,0.0002078622,0.0003151446,0.00008291043,0.0002391612,0.0001285145,0.0002956101,0.00007340998,0.0007416507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006380423,0.0001666461,0.00005746341,0.0001202099,0.0006115219,7.824418e-7,0.0002304496,0.0003816435,0.00000522299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007836735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006767055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000111503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00756435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986392,0.00009732897,0.0005034934,0.0003086188,0.0002004048,0.0002510063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973879,0.001754335,0.0001938534,0.0005515127,0.00006778464,0.00004458253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004216336,0.0001293261,0.002563632,0.00003925072,0.00002131618,0.000009774722,0.0308164,0.0001121266,0.00002130643,0.965032,0.00007072741,0.001141995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007079665,0.00003827515,0.001688801,0.0002506688,0.00003440313,5.428722e-7,0.06083597,0.0006176222,0.0003699084,0.03278489,0.902276,0.0003949174],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01722721,0.0003304925,8.714853e-7,0.00007421522,0.0008231429,0.0001805291,0.00002628868,0.00002578514,0.9813114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978089,0.00005087935,0.000882246,0.0001905987,0.0006070756,0.00002641841,0.00002863178,0.00002625585,0.0003789823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9809325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8120555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416775193","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.51","title":"To pronounce or not to pronounce","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Pronunciation; Variety (cybernetics); Multiculturalism; Perspective (graphical); Curriculum; Sociocultural evolution; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"Munise Gültekin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02817193982236735,"gpt":0.310311499764054,"spread":0.2821395599416867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00256323,0.0009536109,0.001312764,0.0007217908,0.001820828,0.0005486372,0.001138977,0.0008336187,0.0002855689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06661622,0.001003918,0.0001418213,0.002588182,0.0006288571,0.000001108192,0.001130147,0.001001672,0.0001809612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001471156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001863007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007673135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004567985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9930161,0.0002199076,0.001799948,0.002091839,0.0009597222,0.001912457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951966,0.001978498,0.000496364,0.0009905105,0.0003645043,0.0009734848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001564282,0.0002821793,0.001790898,0.0002239557,0.0001118494,0.00009641841,0.01888461,0.000953405,0.0001389432,0.9622416,0.00496413,0.008747735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001196911,0.0002012621,0.0005122682,0.001023233,0.0002205441,0.000001221339,0.001922388,0.0006086506,0.00007671784,0.002334637,0.9907377,0.001164505],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00044046,0.0002487041,0.0002481845,0.001043642,0.02212171,0.002739359,0.00007375424,0.0001787717,0.9729054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9319202,0.0002860127,0.03228174,0.008570161,0.008332686,0.0002244438,0.00002651095,0.0001001513,0.01825809],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9857735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388461291","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.28","title":"Vocabulary in urban contexts using multimodality","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Multimodality; Vocabulary; Presentation (obstetrics); Artifact (error); Computer science; Process (computing); Key (lock); Linguistics; Space (punctuation); Natural (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Camila Gonzalez Bravo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05116048786622981,"gpt":0.2683147106706455,"spread":0.2171542228044157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005275854,0.0003080591,0.0004460295,0.0002773948,0.0003435304,0.0001413551,0.0001819953,0.0001455702,0.0001289382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00204872,0.0003162386,0.0000622473,0.0002247631,0.0003038829,7.452947e-7,0.0001909108,0.00039206,0.00004386224],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001500539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005430928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003608109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001713188,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980485,0.0000367047,0.0005594961,0.0004926233,0.0002704226,0.0005922276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989383,0.0004798854,0.0001512167,0.0002649852,0.00003355557,0.0001321163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008866268,0.00009441254,0.01726598,0.0001183799,0.00003235515,0.0001754037,0.02090253,0.0005654718,0.0001100862,0.9565786,0.0006243202,0.003443779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007414886,0.00002251644,0.0008297929,0.0002881335,0.00003043677,6.475639e-7,0.001265071,0.008309745,0.00001719963,0.002243177,0.9858131,0.0004386699],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05899022,0.0006003418,0.000001413687,0.00002101453,0.006010037,0.0004011758,0.00003727704,0.0001949742,0.9337435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928351,0.00009604139,0.000773197,0.0002258262,0.005232614,0.00001940654,0.0000515733,0.00006540774,0.0007008061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9851888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407149093","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.43","title":"Inuit language(s)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Griffin Cahill","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01453400918462656,"gpt":0.2894357403850171,"spread":0.2749017312003906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009562168,0.0002382127,0.0003590352,0.0002590645,0.0007109277,0.0001186428,0.0003040007,0.0003119843,0.0001655245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01847173,0.0002673198,0.00005413126,0.0005376243,0.0003851551,2.982947e-7,0.0001940347,0.0003820451,0.00002167442],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003686023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003701306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009069479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006069421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980673,0.00008870308,0.0004848165,0.0004950369,0.0002887419,0.0005753848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985303,0.0007864324,0.0001540766,0.0003045214,0.00006058987,0.0001641102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003908005,0.0000439665,0.003899809,0.00002485324,0.00002406963,0.00003358023,0.01210569,0.00004002464,0.0000392382,0.9780132,0.0009103515,0.004826097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005390862,0.000009768932,0.0003444992,0.0001011891,0.00004911748,3.3305e-7,0.002166773,0.0001685041,0.0000213694,0.008470955,0.987851,0.0002774613],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006540877,0.0003693191,0.00001889681,0.0001206168,0.005308116,0.0002841002,0.000008536907,0.0001370506,0.9930993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829382,0.0001680184,0.006110041,0.001273502,0.003260646,0.00002614355,0.00001671722,0.00002661099,0.006180173],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9869406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388461477","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.29","title":"“Equitable multilingualism” for equitable access to learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Multilingualism; Literacy; Argument (complex analysis); Digital divide; Digital literacy; Pedagogy; Political science; Refugee; Sociology; Fluency; Public relations; Mathematics education; Psychology; Information and Communications Technology","authors":[{"name":"HaEun Kim","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05435598390467888,"gpt":0.3737064870426142,"spread":0.3193505031379353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001635056,0.0002322584,0.0003351938,0.0002617261,0.002127409,0.0004203411,0.0004418411,0.0001910583,0.00005285941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01181207,0.0002347419,0.00006490012,0.0008329416,0.0002144371,0.000001820352,0.0003234719,0.0002438209,0.00002764174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001396142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001562574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005653115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00244325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975159,0.00004117884,0.0004326081,0.0005329116,0.0003617282,0.001115679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984338,0.0008411569,0.0001408059,0.0001913083,0.00008165282,0.0003112274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001251253,0.00008332961,0.0055843,0.00009768357,0.00002762062,0.00001097228,0.04478953,0.004116546,0.0001818779,0.9105737,0.005924998,0.02848431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003372077,0.00003076511,0.0001018195,0.0001264934,0.00001777482,1.187152e-7,0.01016044,0.0007866163,0.00005819143,0.001393751,0.9866402,0.0003466687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0071247,0.0003514945,0.00002656791,0.0003923724,0.006730621,0.0008150013,0.00001233267,0.0003058604,0.9842411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837239,0.0003296032,0.004590869,0.000530481,0.004073068,0.0001323342,0.00003749708,0.00004607243,0.006536159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9807152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416302557","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.50","title":"Feminist satire and redefinition in the digital age","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Humor Studies and Applications","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Paralanguage; Absurdity; Persona; Presentation (obstetrics); Affordance; Face (sociological concept); Sarcasm; Social media","authors":[{"name":"QingXiao Cui","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02605205258346315,"gpt":0.2924265179735967,"spread":0.2663744653901335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007859467,0.000580727,0.0007085276,0.0002666397,0.001004445,0.0005162496,0.0004198899,0.000425255,0.00003158851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003297243,0.0005545557,0.0000864224,0.0008703853,0.0009067009,7.220475e-8,0.0004392371,0.001032087,0.00001641232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001792324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008148716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009595526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005029545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966835,0.00008701804,0.001113234,0.001035456,0.0002848619,0.0007959414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969074,0.001941503,0.0003111609,0.000710196,0.000009827931,0.0001199367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001349169,0.0002588298,0.01071683,0.0001492128,0.00007709291,0.0001200808,0.007325851,0.00001793197,0.000006886004,0.9688625,0.001689358,0.01064049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001236309,0.0000585561,0.002461815,0.0005608197,0.0001530044,0.000004788144,0.00643734,0.0001918264,0.000001283422,0.009492561,0.9788898,0.0005118661],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003102488,0.003167192,9.472257e-7,0.0002250011,0.002239267,0.0007900584,0.00009469908,0.00003722259,0.9931354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932029,0.001570762,0.0008690091,0.001228301,0.001851102,0.000182621,0.0000876968,0.00005531486,0.000952333],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9928926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W4214844237","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.2","title":"Language, food and identity in the borderlands of El Paso","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Culinary Culture and Tourism","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Foodways; Citizenship; Opposition (politics); Sociology; Construct (python library); Identity (music); Hegemony; Gender studies; Critical discourse analysis; Media studies; Politics; Political science; Anthropology; Law; Aesthetics; Art","authors":[{"name":"Rudi Barwin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01472240679878993,"gpt":0.2478313420551597,"spread":0.2331089352563698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003425186,0.0001529884,0.0002422709,0.0000166489,0.00015734,0.00006665411,0.0001554696,0.0001248006,0.00002843304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001089791,0.00007127932,0.00003873386,0.0003909299,0.00009267357,6.618659e-7,0.0001417906,0.0002393019,7.648323e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001605146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001197188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005955989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989447,0.00004187402,0.000295079,0.0002920332,0.0001959717,0.0002303388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993268,0.0004031844,0.0001020977,0.00009148738,0.00002590295,0.00005051661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104701,0.0003398338,0.07112262,0.0001245404,0.00005018362,0.0002841188,0.00750923,0.00005132003,0.008095443,0.8930645,0.0003645759,0.01888893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004577143,0.0001033485,0.03386887,0.0001262149,0.00003976254,0.000008038828,0.003254207,0.0000968088,0.0002737556,0.004506124,0.9569705,0.000294726],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4389264,0.003519482,5.650053e-7,0.0001582257,0.0006219212,0.0002138043,0.0000366716,0.00002370944,0.5564992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975538,0.0003222061,0.0005068896,0.0002319003,0.001194914,0.000007367439,0.00004976771,0.000002320651,0.0001308323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9566059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3323582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407156462","doi":"10.25071/2564-2855.42","title":"Control and resistance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Resistance (ecology); Computer science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Irina Levit","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01813667511885748,"gpt":0.2497090675496321,"spread":0.2315723924307746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003308876,0.0002526122,0.0003488518,0.0001446908,0.0006039017,0.0003190466,0.0002331837,0.00009931459,0.00005400399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001529195,0.0002475341,0.00003444719,0.00009042076,0.0005945016,7.02349e-7,0.0001549359,0.0003190553,0.000004749988],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007137123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006356321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007228964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002075993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986815,0.00003869804,0.0004276527,0.0003688524,0.0001595847,0.00032369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986586,0.0006503111,0.0001470392,0.0004186807,0.00005351981,0.00007184862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000725206,0.00003133356,0.000676881,0.00007633196,0.00004041992,0.000008676301,0.003920466,0.0000122101,0.0000156256,0.9934129,0.00104577,0.000686931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007322329,0.000008876991,0.000134619,0.000246003,0.00006915285,2.333933e-7,0.002055976,0.0001398572,0.000005685483,0.02847318,0.9678689,0.0002652914],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003342047,0.002818351,0.000006967329,0.000112817,0.001306447,0.0002220569,0.00002126573,0.00008337753,0.9950945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896482,0.0002264685,0.002550516,0.0006481608,0.001350438,0.00003403467,0.00001555078,0.00002877143,0.00549783],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9895967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}