{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":2212,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":2212,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"49100e7dbd80","filters":{"venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)"}},"results":[{"id":"W3102763870","doi":"","title":"A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background \\nRadiation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1600,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmic microwave background; Physics; Universe; Cosmic background radiation; Big Bang (financial markets); Astrophysics; Black-body radiation; Particle horizon; Observable universe; Cold dark matter; Age of the universe; Flatness problem; Astronomy; Cosmology; Anisotropy; Dark energy; Metric expansion of space; Radiation; De Sitter universe; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007598268313179583,"gpt":0.1911068792035266,"spread":0.1835086108903471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005166769,0.0001592359,0.0001595983,0.00004404477,0.0001528698,0.0001810846,0.00026196,0.0000719712,0.00270852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006826268,0.0001318438,0.0001196408,0.0002348987,0.0001602595,0.001385569,0.00008311971,0.0002219421,0.001172383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001709188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006460754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000502471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001900347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991025,0.0001041984,0.0002562331,0.0002157725,0.0001303339,0.0001909282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993758,0.0001315308,0.0001272023,0.0002758591,0.00002018664,0.00006941624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006524515,0.0003384241,0.5204114,0.00002143108,0.0002972969,0.000005136422,0.000261061,0.0001418349,0.002147511,0.3920033,0.01221085,0.07150932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007733263,0.00003159086,0.04394163,0.00003315091,0.00004037129,7.902634e-7,0.0001522621,0.00001930036,0.007887176,0.8802623,0.06663556,0.0002225253],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786378,0.00005196889,0.0003421071,0.000369728,0.0001140574,0.0001647684,0.0108595,0.00004551674,0.009414596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937137,0.000001179365,0.0003512985,0.0001439138,0.0001253948,0.000005602744,0.003830932,0.00002190823,0.001806089],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.488259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098029385","doi":"","title":"Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":315,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Western University; Université de Montréal; Montreal Clinical Research Institute; University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Exoplanet; Planet; Jovian; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Physics; Direct imaging; Jupiter (rocket family); Solar System; Planetary system; Stars; Gas giant; Astrophysics; Optics; Space exploration; Saturn","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008650051544081338,"gpt":0.1886008229598553,"spread":0.179950771415774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001020909,0.0002840172,0.0002757287,0.00003129661,0.0001598934,0.0007104617,0.0003618044,0.00004447615,0.0001163418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001501946,0.0001467298,0.00004825704,0.0001418761,0.0003030702,0.001226519,0.0002091,0.000336303,0.0001136323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007356908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008557684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006354136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006456345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987518,0.00006149246,0.0002370496,0.0002837195,0.0003266771,0.0003393024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991026,0.000202746,0.0001670724,0.0003821491,0.00001495018,0.0001305099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001651957,0.00004912034,0.9803541,0.0000134967,0.0001204069,0.000006949668,0.0001205107,0.000005028646,0.00001950777,0.0004698488,0.0184301,0.0002456887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00181648,0.0003279964,0.8271563,0.00008892498,0.0001867409,0.00006653351,0.001183013,0.00003458394,0.003549327,0.004369204,0.1604826,0.0007382775],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7891445,0.000466682,0.00004809435,0.0008741789,0.0002049704,0.000379845,0.005046555,0.00005421665,0.203781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972733,0.00000668412,0.0001190679,0.0002024435,0.0002929469,0.000008279638,0.001122999,0.00003521173,0.0009391067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2081288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6850998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102746679","doi":"","title":"The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Planet; Metallicity; Astrophysics; Stars; Planetary system; Astronomy; Planetary migration; Terrestrial planet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0197137057165836,"gpt":0.2068265496429985,"spread":0.1871128439264149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003659055,0.000414213,0.0004587534,0.00008994095,0.0008180773,0.0004961041,0.0006833864,0.00009357146,0.00144636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009662795,0.0002881765,0.0001966401,0.0003720912,0.0004668583,0.000962534,0.000816531,0.0003454973,0.002254121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000151731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006899161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002160404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002910602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997694,0.0001910031,0.0004973778,0.0004753552,0.0004955045,0.0006467699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981562,0.0006874233,0.000255442,0.0005518715,0.0001207609,0.0002282497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002647445,0.00009193568,0.987704,0.00001339327,0.0003975667,0.000005794177,0.00009939352,7.927923e-7,0.000004964386,0.0001614894,0.01004411,0.001211799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006256455,0.000146884,0.9194951,0.00002486064,0.00008797685,0.000003208065,0.00009082597,0.00001990164,0.0009929348,0.001313772,0.07679073,0.0004081702],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9079517,0.0002019102,0.0000584749,0.0002173947,0.0003334234,0.0003066764,0.009868608,0.00008768731,0.08097414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965219,0.0000133861,0.00006158814,0.0001522198,0.0003503219,0.000007416109,0.001403021,0.0000473829,0.001442783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08857019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099975694","doi":"","title":"THE STELLAR POPULATION STRUCTURE of the GALACTIC DISK","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Milky Way; Stars; RADIUS; Disc; Scale height; Thick disk; Thin disk; Astronomy; Population; Flare; Galaxy formation and evolution; Halo; Galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007275960551455091,"gpt":0.1922325215922315,"spread":0.1849565610407764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000063176,0.0002160165,0.0001923904,0.00002640691,0.0003211565,0.0003026918,0.0004200913,0.00005301544,0.0004249993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000864808,0.0000937833,0.0001695706,0.0001894636,0.000140691,0.0008846638,0.0001738843,0.0001891044,0.0001447587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001173743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003426151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001222703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002457136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987511,0.00008469494,0.0003306126,0.0002285633,0.0003059182,0.0002991267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986712,0.0005384398,0.0002211255,0.0004612535,0.00002878533,0.00007924597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003819255,0.00002264535,0.9816248,0.000008170829,0.00007958081,3.266935e-7,0.00001343853,0.000001930738,0.00005486122,0.002279009,0.0008874124,0.01498967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003567231,0.00002330335,0.9211572,0.00005406688,0.00004158669,0.000001732442,0.00003314449,0.000004336071,0.003150846,0.03381575,0.0411718,0.000189469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574333,0.0002836124,0.00006479795,0.001234492,0.0004348802,0.0003057127,0.00145662,0.00005535155,0.0387312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983956,0.000008538776,0.00002479566,0.00005654722,0.0002711094,0.000003012635,0.0001014359,0.00003035924,0.00110863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06046752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4653444,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122174694","doi":"","title":"The National Center for Biomedical Ontology: Advancing Biomedicine through Structured \\nOrganization of Scientific Knowledge","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Ontology; Dissemination; Biomedicine; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Knowledge management; Data science; Resource (disambiguation); Open Biomedical Ontologies; World Wide Web; Upper ontology; Bioinformatics; Domain knowledge; Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02821121261448315,"gpt":0.3067289090249404,"spread":0.2785176964104573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000430125,0.0004585396,0.0008139266,0.0001789385,0.0003341004,0.0003446088,0.0008550941,0.0007653003,0.0000226685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001629709,0.0002915837,0.0004414279,0.00069694,0.001179384,0.00004647022,0.0003665619,0.0003286973,0.00003791284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004420904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007694634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.852944e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004559336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971989,0.0001355473,0.0009847841,0.000725931,0.0004145404,0.0005403258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984202,0.0003226413,0.0005121037,0.000385653,0.0002080304,0.0001513889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007862983,0.0003244566,0.0002712663,0.003908112,0.0003276297,0.000002629425,0.00001213263,2.18088e-7,0.0001781987,0.000579149,0.1400914,0.8542262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004891315,0.0001822145,0.00001128944,0.0009251988,0.00008830403,0.0000292628,0.000008780524,0.000004359169,0.0002403662,0.001432877,0.996289,0.0002992247],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000195033,0.9827761,0.001529226,0.0002529904,0.0009729631,0.0007586579,0.01212118,0.000083096,0.001310755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003444779,0.8506684,0.007512903,0.0003197319,0.003353304,0.0002887999,0.1285502,0.0003997502,0.005462086],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8561975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1526449531","doi":"","title":"A Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM): Lifecycle Emissions from Transportation Fuels, Motor Vehicles, Transportation Modes, Electricity Use, Heating and Cooking Fuels, and Materials","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Natural Resources Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Waste management; Methane; NOx; Criteria air contaminants; Particulates; Ozone; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Air pollution; Air pollutants; Chemistry; Combustion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01340073361577972,"gpt":0.1986505209627934,"spread":0.1852497873470136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001550332,0.0004657879,0.0004326484,0.0001646244,0.0004015883,0.0008700663,0.0001661267,0.0003108667,0.0001161906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009463899,0.0004585134,0.00008919066,0.00036997,0.00005409583,0.004186315,0.00001513106,0.0004932031,0.00001929585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003881133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008723189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003012383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007059827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978026,0.00006465577,0.0007285699,0.0005381929,0.000305798,0.0005602238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987705,0.000181776,0.0001173353,0.0002866498,0.00003725876,0.0006064473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004297964,0.000479585,0.2929495,0.001010071,0.0002909533,0.00007122521,0.001133085,0.02296973,0.6510907,0.00299823,0.001709713,0.02486742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004705719,0.0002604762,0.174548,0.00190761,0.0003308647,0.00002925941,0.0003607992,0.335308,0.4235601,0.02183698,0.03335629,0.003795898],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869259,0.0008917676,0.003478196,0.00006382839,0.00006077575,0.0003742292,0.007139268,0.0005724461,0.0004935614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931989,0.0005238039,0.004122159,0.0001105204,0.00007294254,0.00004365906,0.001590809,0.0001411161,0.0001961105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3123383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3105623696","doi":"","title":"Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. Part I: BRST symmetries and superspace","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Homogeneous space; Superspace; Formalism (music); BRST quantization; Physics; Theoretical physics; Quantum entanglement; Mathematical physics; Supersymmetry; Classical mechanics; Quantum; Quantum mechanics; Gauge theory; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0115692175309813,"gpt":0.2260074988633544,"spread":0.2144382813323731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008970554,0.0002885583,0.000287734,0.00005977814,0.0007082845,0.002944772,0.000463411,0.00007740952,0.000398527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001663304,0.0002631896,0.0001067242,0.00007934005,0.0001787255,0.004047189,0.0004544475,0.0003949698,0.0002822756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001014077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004582637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006797279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.759367e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986407,0.00002120359,0.0002630392,0.0003952446,0.0002063088,0.0004735193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987791,0.0001232526,0.000158669,0.0005620978,0.00004418516,0.0003327586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005633805,0.00009714627,0.05747722,0.00003124259,0.00007306489,0.00001510454,0.00002405088,0.000001457313,0.00005311076,0.8581263,0.0007080988,0.0833369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001227736,0.0001353888,0.004207606,0.0001360299,0.00004383609,0.0000053054,0.0002932856,0.00138098,0.001437499,0.6480072,0.3422004,0.0009247325],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6834017,0.0003912686,0.05202681,0.003800235,0.0006640301,0.0006979274,0.0208541,0.0003833541,0.2377806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958416,0.00001569745,0.001860555,0.0001573872,0.0002529648,0.00001620084,0.0003298079,0.00006487309,0.001460925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3414923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099384382","doi":"","title":"Multiboundary wormholes and holographic entanglement","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Quantum entanglement; Wormhole; Physics; Squashed entanglement; Riemann surface; Conformal field theory; Moduli space; Quantum mechanics; Mathematical physics; Multipartite entanglement; Conformal map; Pure mathematics; Quantum; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005724174623728749,"gpt":0.1961772008186168,"spread":0.190453026194888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001077752,0.0002640105,0.0002344984,0.00006904484,0.0001726016,0.0009800954,0.0002439203,0.00005764183,0.0005591399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001249098,0.000227129,0.0001419302,0.0002103641,0.0002801002,0.001221393,0.0002628909,0.0003221653,0.0006078315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004830633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001846634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002028362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.07673e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987053,0.00005791274,0.0002717162,0.0003821428,0.0001879839,0.000395004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992117,0.0001112609,0.00007766925,0.0002987825,0.00001725267,0.0002833888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002208071,0.000151648,0.2792524,0.00001331816,0.00003831736,0.000001308018,0.00001069006,8.929055e-7,0.00002819957,0.6747526,0.0004072679,0.04532123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006920362,0.00008322831,0.01052245,0.0000434417,0.00002294941,0.000001258354,0.00005243082,0.00008613904,0.000930239,0.8483638,0.1388147,0.0003873129],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8988699,0.00007582876,0.003667074,0.000491016,0.00008280179,0.0001980161,0.001190807,0.0001732326,0.09525133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980975,0.000003102994,0.0004314525,0.0003855309,0.0002977895,0.00001470888,0.0005045388,0.00005365676,0.0002117233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.26873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9451082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098712457","doi":"","title":"A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; McGill University; University of California, Irvine; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Cosmic microwave background; Polarization (electrochemistry); Spectral density; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Cosmic background radiation; Cosmic infrared background; COSMIC cancer database; Microwave; Mode (computer interface); Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02483437056628878,"gpt":0.2490283627868137,"spread":0.2241939922205249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001926779,0.0001817858,0.0002527827,0.00004847742,0.0002589141,0.0003524845,0.001266323,0.00006289021,0.0002535049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008620555,0.0001566061,0.0001444536,0.00009491091,0.0003736251,0.001852629,0.0009415143,0.0002192192,0.0001399646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002149201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001045844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000139642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004871041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986414,0.0000969976,0.0003715046,0.0003334907,0.000334369,0.0002221771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978954,0.00008083195,0.0004721671,0.001419339,0.0000526256,0.00007968941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001333312,0.0001072403,0.9696036,0.000008571639,0.0001457292,0.000001080568,0.0000422112,0.000001378235,0.006169033,0.02152655,0.0003102885,0.001950982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008738876,0.00003147333,0.6695028,0.0001022813,0.00005394237,8.65096e-7,0.00006693374,0.00001153428,0.03948552,0.2852989,0.004342279,0.0002296428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811133,0.0001644915,0.0006878457,0.0004893182,0.0001615884,0.000198932,0.01474865,0.00001898487,0.002416862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981589,6.55573e-7,0.0003694586,0.00004944279,0.0000858424,0.000002331761,0.001060562,0.00003209578,0.0002407579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3001008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.638621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155229877","doi":"","title":"Revealing the structure of light pseudoscalar mesons at the electron-ion collider","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Nuclear Physics; Junta de Andalucía; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Física Nuclear e Aplicações; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jiangsu Province Hundred Talents Plan for Professionals","keywords":"Collider; Physics; Meson; Particle physics; Pseudoscalar; Electron; Nuclear physics; Ion; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006777795762129662,"gpt":0.2162786220861662,"spread":0.2095008263240365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006098492,0.0002150868,0.0002322045,0.00001214332,0.0004088461,0.0003151734,0.0003094758,0.00003844886,0.0009164898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002582502,0.0001200469,0.0002127108,0.000353526,0.0002061225,0.0005287437,0.0004810312,0.0002912328,0.000232843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001912335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004626737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003476098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.610261e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986916,0.0001075767,0.0002961494,0.0002716524,0.0002610841,0.0003719299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991889,0.0001908278,0.0001055441,0.000374332,0.00003935153,0.0001010466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002120225,0.0005081046,0.2117937,0.00003987283,0.0006332233,0.000009130785,0.0004200629,0.00006079711,0.4267007,0.3445686,0.01264554,0.002408169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000204304,0.00002084664,0.0005472722,0.00002222614,0.00002941766,0.000002144928,0.000177771,0.00001486284,0.8791918,0.08755694,0.03208325,0.0001491867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811004,0.000698142,0.00007073944,0.004932972,0.00006967234,0.0001592077,0.001355027,0.00003514272,0.01157866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985303,0.000005256781,0.00004083717,0.0002214252,0.0002150021,0.00001004503,0.0002117379,0.00003232074,0.0007330514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4524911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098245042","doi":"","title":"The duality of spatial death-birth and birth-death processes and limitations of the isothermal theorem.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Birth–death process; Isothermal process; Population; Mathematics; Mortality rate; Graph; Combinatorics; Statistical physics; Physics; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03954919505568188,"gpt":0.2504469803783532,"spread":0.2108977853226713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006757659,0.0001145749,0.0001329776,0.0000296982,0.0005035788,0.0003176682,0.0002877272,0.00007535636,0.00002095804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00245057,0.00007012931,0.00004312954,0.0002677693,0.0007817153,0.001667566,0.0001343541,0.000142058,0.00001041711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001261196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004185743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004788818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000145073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998636,0.0003925126,0.0002774032,0.0001677155,0.0003410632,0.0001853244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985555,0.0008283231,0.0001616456,0.0001822109,0.000145297,0.0001270516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002282223,0.0001158399,0.4017122,0.00004871048,0.0000290661,6.300297e-7,0.002428612,0.00001180571,0.00005052278,0.5851014,0.00008421895,0.01018877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009310928,0.0002769719,0.1759096,0.0001327597,0.00004608407,0.000007689419,0.00554139,0.00009726924,0.002417588,0.663949,0.1502838,0.0004067527],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9595855,0.0008144875,0.0001142791,0.001909715,0.00005768056,0.0002781046,0.0004820178,0.00004947456,0.03670878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984284,0.0001853868,0.00006782537,0.0001005864,0.00008164599,0.00001090351,0.00001640912,0.00001362389,0.001095193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2258026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3873172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7073927377","doi":"","title":"Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; DSM Nutritional Products; Perrigo Company Charitable Foundation; National Cancer Institute; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health; Pfizer; Amgen","keywords":"Prostate cancer; Vitamin E; Selenium; Randomized controlled trial; Prostate; Cancer prevention; Cancer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01138667020726125,"gpt":0.1906503267306138,"spread":0.1792636565233525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003601453,0.0001860827,0.0002818338,0.00003909922,0.000196866,0.0002271594,0.0002686366,0.00007932787,0.002236417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001660449,0.00008515517,0.0001293267,0.000344327,0.0004936787,0.0007856977,0.00007254372,0.0003109401,0.00004598182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001660448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004114209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001100213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006021219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986238,0.0002313891,0.0003388669,0.0003043547,0.0002208463,0.0002807092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991238,0.0003392196,0.0002090261,0.0001646252,0.00002918044,0.0001341627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004467069,0.00004127639,0.961818,0.00002230042,0.0001045819,0.000001264182,0.0001083474,0.000009146791,0.00001236495,0.0001279299,0.0001527786,0.03313496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01165129,0.0005188392,0.8756524,0.00006619698,0.0003879528,0.000007070145,0.0001508405,0.00127902,0.002982455,0.09907026,0.007795377,0.0004382383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923406,0.002204053,0.000004354808,0.0008785408,0.00005233443,0.0004250594,0.001546852,0.00003363607,0.002514604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975814,0.001447579,0.00007724264,0.0001799078,0.00007815388,0.0000222611,0.0001077139,0.000005201862,0.0005004925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09894233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W350736184","doi":"","title":"The Foundations of Numeracy: Subitizing, Finger Gnosia, and Fine Motor Ability","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Carleton University","keywords":"Numeracy; Psychology; Finger tapping; Cognition; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02149325206555438,"gpt":0.2673580966632814,"spread":0.245864844597727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006382983,0.0002254608,0.0002775415,0.00007204742,0.0002701133,0.0004914342,0.0002573385,0.0000869523,0.0003520072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003238062,0.0001570325,0.0001292489,0.0002607925,0.0002732009,0.001227437,0.0002836105,0.00025888,0.0002480431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002517928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005178139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001547204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000701575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982725,0.00004103915,0.0006677021,0.0002809053,0.0003585878,0.0003792167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953161,0.003910739,0.0001863212,0.0002993654,0.00008325087,0.0002042383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000718748,0.002660126,0.2961743,0.001000887,0.0004146669,0.0000894079,0.0005147754,1.099829e-7,0.002456828,0.5008781,0.01062607,0.1844659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004873414,0.0001020304,0.04576625,0.0001739183,0.00002921035,0.00001886315,0.0001074562,0.00001208916,0.01053721,0.9106486,0.03177761,0.000339343],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674801,0.0001936437,0.001510225,0.0008226866,0.00006045623,0.0004622309,0.00053556,0.0001471299,0.02878799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927346,0.00001295996,0.00590788,0.000145039,0.00006510037,0.00001533837,0.00006019982,0.00004209668,0.00101679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4097706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6403601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3105887253","doi":"","title":"Properties of the remnant clockwise disk of young stars in the galactic center","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Thick disk; Stars; Thin disk; Galactic Center; Galaxy; Laser guide star; Eccentricity (behavior); Kinematics; Galactic plane; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0120316122038374,"gpt":0.1889227293533848,"spread":0.1768911171495474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002036217,0.0002070618,0.0002823501,0.00004984209,0.0000901968,0.0001572985,0.0005134679,0.00003903783,0.00008240164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000860237,0.0001072379,0.0001726891,0.0002394977,0.0001836625,0.0006689847,0.00016509,0.0002881281,0.00004892667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006588329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003870142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004429237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005072634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985822,0.0001716212,0.0004286073,0.0002098344,0.0003273305,0.000280374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990931,0.0001794182,0.0002097981,0.0004435221,0.00002768261,0.00004653871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007006515,0.0001880716,0.9968106,0.00004992224,0.00004845142,5.831795e-7,0.0002601287,0.000006695515,0.00005042111,0.0008034568,0.0004196652,0.00129195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006413347,0.0000639372,0.9783633,0.0002087337,0.00004112305,0.000003032831,0.0003519899,0.0000561438,0.003584139,0.002487621,0.01398478,0.0002138544],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9342942,0.0001730147,0.00001445093,0.0004588444,0.0001368491,0.0002755627,0.0002782697,0.00001510134,0.06435374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994573,0.000007346941,0.00002231632,0.0001054472,0.0001045106,0.00001149799,0.00005696263,0.00002299416,0.0002116295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06516313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4373035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055347688","doi":"","title":"Numerical study of the THM effects on the near-field safety of a hypothetical nuclear waste \\nrepository - BMT1 of the DECOVALEX III project. Part 3: Effects of THM coupling in sparsely \\nfractured rocks","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission","funders":"Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire; European Commission","keywords":"Closure (psychology); Radioactive waste; Geotechnical engineering; Coupling (piping); Bentonite; Stress (linguistics); Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Waste management; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01147736444173974,"gpt":0.208743375964114,"spread":0.1972660115223743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001963632,0.0002651122,0.0004908562,0.00004821593,0.0001027854,0.00006803992,0.0006775746,0.0001361997,0.000007721343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004767409,0.0001472344,0.0002777791,0.0006940559,0.0001404578,0.0002509726,0.0002143647,0.0006595327,0.000007647301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002500828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006424316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002135395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001157192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998242,0.0001666326,0.0006086199,0.0002587319,0.0004474733,0.0002764934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973179,0.001609981,0.0002297229,0.0007439548,0.00003095777,0.00006753847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004930958,0.02601844,0.2023091,0.008358182,0.002552527,0.00007138468,0.008163558,0.4738385,0.1972549,0.03131652,0.001464329,0.04372162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004398948,0.001808878,0.1323615,0.002606824,0.0002322182,0.000008181839,0.00049006,0.009346055,0.8374928,0.008451724,0.002058074,0.0007446793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966591,0.00004731653,0.0002925331,0.0002240494,0.000118325,0.001461625,0.00006120648,0.00005131642,0.001084507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994137,0.000003510873,0.0003175624,0.00008424349,0.00005019937,0.0000591559,0.000002537131,0.00005780874,0.00001128949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6402379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6004044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3100734777","doi":"","title":"Deep Full-sky Coadds from Three Years of WISE and NEOWISE Observations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Quasar; Photometry (optics); Redshift; Galaxy; Dark energy; Terabyte; Astronomy; Physics; Computer science; Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Geology; Cosmology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02057104619999461,"gpt":0.2168608701837697,"spread":0.1962898239837751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006131435,0.000224057,0.000301782,0.00005513108,0.0002472755,0.001357405,0.0005660807,0.00008183937,0.0007226436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004525218,0.0002204597,0.0001488845,0.00007985217,0.000205622,0.003220496,0.000356612,0.0002566911,0.0002560348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005806621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005957179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008568433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001350214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987801,0.00001803502,0.0003412322,0.0003471046,0.0002164296,0.0002971142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987441,0.00009889463,0.0001934477,0.0006941464,0.00003835838,0.0002310799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000343674,0.00009414744,0.9614851,0.000007724242,0.00006692104,0.000006395499,0.0000317955,0.000002889724,0.0002804749,0.002169408,0.0003582365,0.03546251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007335204,0.00004388287,0.9391692,0.00005716323,0.00003390053,6.237312e-7,0.00005245441,0.0001767478,0.0004388208,0.02366446,0.03533228,0.0002969677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875535,0.0001589988,0.0007534617,0.0004223322,0.00009180908,0.0001684003,0.003375629,0.00005488042,0.00742098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970928,0.000005546335,0.001448247,0.0000707686,0.0002403027,0.00001275579,0.0006970487,0.000051134,0.0003813301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03516555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1880630858","doi":"","title":"Planck 2013 results. XXXII. The updated Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Tekes; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBL; China Scholarship Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; UK Space Agency; Science Foundation Ireland; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Planck; Astrophysics; Planck energy; Astronomy; Planck scale; Quantum mechanics; Quantum","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01456034757331718,"gpt":0.2198750184855278,"spread":0.2053146709122106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000290371,0.0002558584,0.0002872957,0.00008633459,0.0001503742,0.0003569804,0.000561455,0.0001029767,0.0002161954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009380882,0.0001837762,0.0001304452,0.0003406855,0.0002861344,0.00143013,0.0002013054,0.0004014493,0.001324651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008060289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001400838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007261684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006213232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984462,0.0001333919,0.0005055357,0.0003144081,0.0002519992,0.0003485142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986752,0.0003108116,0.0002627814,0.0004654277,0.00008188956,0.0002039518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004779312,0.0001479441,0.822943,0.000009905443,0.0001168244,0.00000515975,0.0003155421,0.00002028478,0.000005865043,0.07632772,0.09846829,0.001161583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001428311,0.0001244374,0.02854056,0.00003189602,0.00003514764,0.000005322428,0.0005859767,0.000008680518,0.002273424,0.5603287,0.4062595,0.0003780311],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9136617,0.000373314,0.0001461657,0.003515188,0.0003876793,0.0003855464,0.02439248,0.000200073,0.05693784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857458,8.669203e-7,0.0001386169,0.0002309506,0.0002549856,0.00001835232,0.01166877,0.00003566043,0.001905932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7944024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W43882728","doi":"","title":"\"Moral Uncertainty and the Principle of Equity among Moral Theories\"","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Credence; Value theory; Equity (law); Value (mathematics); Action (physics); Epistemology; Moral psychology; Normative ethics; Moral reasoning; Moral disengagement; Philosophy; Law; Political science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0351318645366243,"gpt":0.2410505616951231,"spread":0.2059186971584988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002362959,0.000267179,0.0003382853,0.00006996669,0.0003590434,0.0003696955,0.0007301337,0.0000968823,0.0002019738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001065977,0.0001666541,0.0001733151,0.0004700602,0.002053342,0.002822809,0.000856229,0.0004065523,0.0001563547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001378362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008145065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009305726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001110525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979621,0.0001948564,0.0004458079,0.0004608552,0.0004798677,0.000456532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986898,0.0004114643,0.0001879376,0.000469851,0.00002395599,0.000217008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006147994,0.0002104095,0.4876432,0.00006436063,0.00001668034,0.0001124281,0.0001504909,0.00004117253,0.001186266,0.5070219,0.0004556877,0.002482664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005799174,0.0003762994,0.1634334,0.0001581041,0.00004753993,0.0002362567,0.00007137626,0.001719179,0.07997825,0.6925001,0.05438182,0.001298491],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9536074,0.0001216274,0.00002024687,0.0004491228,0.0001146685,0.0003320635,0.001002094,0.0001701258,0.04418262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975415,0.00005146722,0.00006063467,0.0005896773,0.00008928202,0.00001862939,0.00003999806,0.0000369966,0.00157176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3242097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7565625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101733817","doi":"","title":"HAT-P-11: Discovery of a Second Planet and a Clue to Understanding Exoplanet Obliquities","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Exoplanet; Planet; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198033723223268,"gpt":0.2101663583294022,"spread":0.1903629860070754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008311544,0.0002931871,0.0003706319,0.000142835,0.0001720006,0.0007360233,0.0002105633,0.00006418659,0.0008554739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001949596,0.0002601384,0.000058933,0.0001765152,0.0002330028,0.001722516,0.0002247176,0.0001660566,0.0002574795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001392655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005476515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000325518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002275239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986274,0.00003656692,0.0003496872,0.0003666078,0.0002156086,0.0004040902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999179,0.0002468225,0.000121969,0.0002444445,0.00001366271,0.0001941173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001292771,0.0000591609,0.9780965,0.00006056485,0.0001290377,0.000006397222,0.0002186582,0.000001187856,0.00002093776,0.01275436,0.007980608,0.0005432947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002650312,0.001220121,0.5247225,0.0004443132,0.000183026,0.00004844015,0.003256726,0.00006754764,0.004803299,0.08724191,0.3733693,0.001992451],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7791712,0.0001667838,0.0004285387,0.0002236709,0.0002010632,0.0002708759,0.006917005,0.00007468464,0.2125461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965689,0.000004586733,0.0001770006,0.0002661514,0.000417474,0.000007446801,0.001197223,0.00003781081,0.001323401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.453374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1745208575","doi":"","title":"National insecurity and human rights : democracies debate counterterrorism","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Human rights; Political science; Democracy; Threatened species; Rule of law; Corporate governance; Political economy; Law; Development economics; Public administration; Sociology; Politics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02099120465324655,"gpt":0.2752186736967333,"spread":0.2542274690434868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008089841,0.0008512501,0.0007787892,0.0005117872,0.001564455,0.002571257,0.001147219,0.001262791,0.001137713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002013988,0.0008301265,0.0003580696,0.0002724757,0.001633362,0.004518393,0.0004082485,0.001669283,0.001824999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004303645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000886073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001401425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003778563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944735,0.0002236777,0.001010887,0.001063532,0.001930971,0.001297503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972891,0.0005652446,0.0004156021,0.0004449334,0.0002492622,0.001035862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003901095,0.001089412,0.02164399,0.0009382211,0.0007380944,0.001187747,0.01721922,5.260285e-7,0.00001313131,0.4832497,0.4629374,0.01059238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003032325,0.00007533233,0.0006629442,0.0004006143,0.00004207928,0.00001525693,0.0004364832,0.00000319486,0.00001237388,0.2554865,0.7417343,0.0008276938],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06991987,0.0007454355,0.0000704373,0.001017439,0.0008388713,0.0007192825,0.007232665,0.0008162662,0.9186397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7414505,0.00005830958,0.00002168086,0.001293574,0.001804003,0.000022331,0.001349628,0.0001190915,0.2538809],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6715306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3103268800","doi":"","title":"Time-resolved WISE/NEOWISE Coadds","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Brown dwarf; Proper motion; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Geology; Physics; Planet; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01093983076319618,"gpt":0.2066245377261018,"spread":0.1956847069629057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001006572,0.0004134999,0.0003867148,0.0001047161,0.0003172202,0.0007873992,0.0004516183,0.00009444054,0.008565157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004801166,0.0003665538,0.0002142461,0.0003221607,0.0003536121,0.001684597,0.0002621914,0.0003324541,0.02683403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001273406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007710406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001016821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.574149e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980427,0.00005779778,0.000409911,0.0005192476,0.000336255,0.0006340602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987677,0.0002244009,0.0001361562,0.0004837355,0.00006044697,0.0003275706],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001127872,0.0001557177,0.9450933,0.0000112567,0.0001729753,0.00001053513,0.0000551184,0.000001088352,0.00002242105,0.0006532833,0.04168571,0.01202581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001306683,0.0002515723,0.08677974,0.00008057798,0.00009346355,0.000007247328,0.00007798332,0.0001934121,0.00288055,0.01184272,0.8955266,0.0009594785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2418973,0.0002301358,0.0002430251,0.0004869694,0.0003478598,0.0003063957,0.001550676,0.0003648872,0.7545727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873704,0.000004129141,0.0003385466,0.0004767316,0.001603532,0.00001627168,0.001221551,0.00008115981,0.00888772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8583136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109146397","doi":"","title":"Accessibility- vs. Mobility-Enhancing Strategies for Addressing Automobile Dependence in the U.S","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Kilometer; Population; Agricultural economics; Geography; Government (linguistics); Demography; Economics; Engineering; Transport engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0447052153236397,"gpt":0.2909463845320726,"spread":0.2462411692084329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001667115,0.0003088717,0.000351677,0.0001289964,0.0009275238,0.004723375,0.001572697,0.0002411059,0.001221099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006770175,0.000239093,0.0002478977,0.0009636508,0.0005102977,0.01268474,0.00009552248,0.000668139,0.0001825926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008732642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002881492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001177948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001036949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965821,0.0003624294,0.0007359618,0.0007629916,0.0006940538,0.0008624829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979637,0.0009708038,0.0001905692,0.0005935677,0.00006720112,0.000214102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001273077,0.0009358299,0.9724712,0.0002410059,0.00001894302,0.00003232809,0.004744375,0.00001874951,0.00006375461,0.004904348,0.001273691,0.01516843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002403703,0.0003150514,0.3499143,0.000642225,0.00008705645,0.000004471104,0.02149519,0.001096117,0.001401476,0.289443,0.3309845,0.002212985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9428351,0.0005780357,0.0005850213,0.001355006,0.0001718213,0.001265048,0.0006522521,0.0004037659,0.05215394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976543,0.00001721852,0.0004174383,0.0006349739,0.0002697887,0.0001907523,0.0001080047,0.00003800957,0.0006694982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.622557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767251898","doi":"","title":"Creativity Evaluation through Latent Semantic Analysis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","field":"Psychology","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Creativity; Task (project management); Latent semantic analysis; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Test (biology); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Applied psychology; Social psychology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04938800569699472,"gpt":0.3319912491092744,"spread":0.2826032434122796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004067702,0.0002751389,0.0003329391,0.0003035046,0.0001949211,0.0008962463,0.0004198945,0.0001313319,0.008158063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003656173,0.000251409,0.0002917567,0.002180098,0.0001192489,0.00293857,0.00006033411,0.0003258738,0.003707621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005074262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009458257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000729745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001524997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974822,0.0003151312,0.000414925,0.0007013331,0.0006268976,0.0004595302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986128,0.0002237199,0.0001832217,0.0006958037,0.00006702766,0.0002174366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001744138,0.002584782,0.9207966,0.00001106813,0.0003042631,0.0000350117,0.0008094157,0.0001018356,0.0005938091,0.01392009,0.01114767,0.04952106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006525646,0.0002113837,0.9352781,0.00002036095,0.0004145478,0.00001701352,0.0001362932,0.0006473272,0.001023554,0.01687824,0.04421003,0.000510639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.850211,0.0001394036,0.001074599,0.003045456,0.0003114956,0.000392947,0.0004809312,0.0003225986,0.1440216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934946,0.000009444383,0.0001912224,0.002044231,0.0001094279,0.00003222578,0.000467652,0.00002339662,0.003627741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1432837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3104393634","doi":"","title":"A Warm Jupiter-sized Planet Transiting the Pre-main-sequence Star V1298 Tau","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; Physics; Exoplanet; Astrophysics; Hot Jupiter; Astronomy; Radial velocity; Jupiter (rocket family); Planetary system; Stars; Giant planet; Jupiter mass; Planetary mass","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01152728630183818,"gpt":0.2057227041523037,"spread":0.1941954178504655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001920591,0.0004447967,0.0004307155,0.00006729543,0.0002868853,0.001026426,0.0005865968,0.00008789706,0.00220905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000226683,0.0003200027,0.0001864543,0.0002436421,0.000127028,0.00166777,0.0001549992,0.0006112389,0.003046806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001744939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001088436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004744609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001861153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977591,0.0001132953,0.0004815484,0.0005412149,0.0004131598,0.0006916929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984334,0.0006345649,0.0001807084,0.0005312409,0.00001890694,0.000201175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001767808,0.00009320854,0.9890913,0.00004790553,0.0002027556,0.00001788741,0.0002684029,0.00003142031,0.00005939551,0.001721643,0.00272759,0.00556173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003839775,0.0003909627,0.2602012,0.0003026373,0.000224702,0.00003834084,0.0008479254,0.0007829328,0.001953954,0.03048383,0.6988566,0.00207716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8206366,0.000369931,0.0001224781,0.001235187,0.0003360607,0.0007850797,0.004702137,0.0002334096,0.1715792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944348,0.00001152241,0.0002228284,0.0006954147,0.0004549436,0.00002642715,0.002436267,0.00006870678,0.001649093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7288901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093012067","doi":"","title":"Coordination Complexes of Decamethylytterbocene with 4,4'-Disubstituted Bipyridines: An \\nExperimental Study of Spin Coupling in Lanthanide Complexes","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Magnetism in coordination complexes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Chemistry; Paramagnetism; Lanthanide; Crystallography; Magnetic susceptibility; Ion; Coupling (piping); Ring (chemistry); Spin (aerodynamics); Molecule; Phase (matter); Stereochemistry; Condensed matter physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02326364283095784,"gpt":0.2674466089553308,"spread":0.244182966124373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003834352,0.0003826464,0.0006442097,0.0004922561,0.0001127456,0.0004235929,0.0007715485,0.00009051258,0.001042743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001250839,0.000345992,0.00006753131,0.0008453114,0.0002793258,0.004521555,0.0002589861,0.000204007,0.00008390999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006109252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008987037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001357017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002094779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970055,0.0001423592,0.001095479,0.0006211445,0.0007132009,0.0004223212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998414,0.0002431399,0.0005105722,0.0005232408,0.0001346959,0.0001743854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006261714,0.003763109,0.5436871,0.0001276612,0.0000274311,0.00001898087,0.0004161375,0.004299387,0.4448255,0.001325238,0.0001168802,0.0007664093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004379032,0.001817557,0.1082916,0.0002755888,0.00003452556,0.00001805613,0.001549814,0.009170577,0.8719752,0.000625507,0.001087048,0.0007754675],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968941,0.0001184833,0.0002416913,0.0001532705,0.00007072763,0.0007837894,0.0009083155,0.0001958409,0.0006338018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949415,0.000002627257,0.004412901,0.00005368144,0.00007662854,0.00004806169,0.0003625088,0.00006611527,0.00003591546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4353955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W316700596","doi":"","title":"Maya Zooarchaeology: New Directions in Method and Theory","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McMaster University; Louisiana State University; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Emory University; University of Pennsylvania; Wenner-Gren Foundation; Harvard University; Earthwatch Institute; University of California, Los Angeles; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Zooarchaeology; Maya; Interpretation (philosophy); Anthropology; History; Archaeology; Sociology; Philosophy; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0105780531628135,"gpt":0.206626056073116,"spread":0.1960480029103025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001845831,0.0001670616,0.0001749688,0.0001133562,0.0002040663,0.00006203532,0.0001668111,0.00009275886,0.0008823327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006281559,0.0001387844,0.00004966222,0.0002339689,0.0004433065,0.001200898,0.0001227564,0.000296738,0.001053904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007592331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003506981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009159635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001517065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989241,0.00008748301,0.0001890892,0.0003334719,0.0001137124,0.0003520796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994423,0.000194743,0.00003889,0.0001143232,0.00000184983,0.0002078313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006228054,0.0000195538,0.9279372,0.000005915663,0.00001279457,0.00004072539,0.0001134885,0.0001384583,0.000002409264,0.006180949,0.00003821354,0.06544802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004558767,0.00007456328,0.7114518,0.00002034069,0.000006409069,0.00004548431,0.0001468054,0.00002503145,0.0001276842,0.255989,0.03147637,0.0001806941],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9468451,0.003114458,0.003580808,0.002569926,0.0001525092,0.0002140306,0.0007618829,0.0002242636,0.04253705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916193,0.0001735111,0.006354547,0.0005445977,0.00005996315,0.000001861502,0.0001746733,0.00000798908,0.001063499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.249808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101510621","doi":"","title":"Keck observations of the galactic center source G2: Gas cloud or star?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Astrometry; Astronomy; Galactic Center; Galaxy; Brightness; Radial velocity; Surface brightness; Emission spectrum; Laser guide star; Black hole (networking); Spectral line; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01803237317131471,"gpt":0.2015775381710625,"spread":0.1835451649997478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003559465,0.0002534844,0.0002438668,0.00004075573,0.0002222983,0.0005427605,0.0005665929,0.00004808112,0.002584971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004251378,0.0001652044,0.0002552365,0.0005123862,0.0001356978,0.002864424,0.0003060911,0.0003663379,0.001237845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001730171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001032867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002511776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.479396e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985314,0.00006267193,0.0004489328,0.0002810928,0.0002838756,0.0003920512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998813,0.0001598671,0.0002218469,0.0005337751,0.00007467786,0.000196796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004111617,0.00070749,0.9700027,0.00003123287,0.0001145335,4.505735e-7,0.0000781519,0.0001439027,0.0008127569,0.01297365,0.01100632,0.004087671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002015542,0.0002132768,0.5440307,0.000224147,0.0001007316,8.179731e-7,0.0007036111,0.001707172,0.004791758,0.08066407,0.3644687,0.001079456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865024,0.000008270354,0.0008142409,0.001736899,0.0001306246,0.0004347914,0.001566808,0.00008584233,0.008720092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928406,4.836351e-7,0.0006160493,0.0004329692,0.0003679915,0.00005602614,0.0003937094,0.00005821208,0.00523399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.425972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099327199","doi":"","title":"DISCOVERY of A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION to the NEARBY DEBRIS DISK HOST HR 2562","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Western University; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Debris disk; Photometry (optics); Brown dwarf; Stellar classification; Proper motion; Astronomy; Debris; Luminosity; Planet; Stars; Planetary system; Galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01112807317892358,"gpt":0.2010051841978086,"spread":0.189877111018885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001146229,0.0003172574,0.0003661224,0.00007310636,0.000174253,0.0005247883,0.000500417,0.00005401094,0.0004667162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006475676,0.0001776202,0.0002212296,0.0003065408,0.000137924,0.001693341,0.0002882233,0.0001815733,0.002091938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001335309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005120188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002939883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002444299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983259,0.00007598492,0.000424779,0.0003843489,0.0003422856,0.000446641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985833,0.0005438602,0.0001598617,0.0005110233,0.00003597321,0.0001660527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008974042,0.0001095661,0.9842654,0.00001375871,0.0001273208,0.000002771682,0.00005953151,0.000002125341,0.0001102995,0.001507061,0.00492585,0.008786558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008119062,0.0001372054,0.7578679,0.0001817074,0.00007263998,0.000003673689,0.0001459713,0.00001051429,0.008493192,0.003481789,0.2282506,0.0005428331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9120879,0.0002868415,0.00111954,0.002177969,0.0002754357,0.0004244895,0.002482299,0.00008232615,0.08106325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997259,0.00001721286,0.00008939184,0.0002379683,0.0004064028,0.00001543975,0.0002199066,0.00004967802,0.00170503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2263975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3105824893","doi":"","title":"Transformations among Pure Multipartite Entangled States via Local Operations are Almost Never Possible","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Austrian Science Fund","keywords":"LOCC; Multipartite; Multipartite entanglement; Quantum entanglement; Unitary state; Characterization (materials science); W state; Mathematics; Probabilistic logic; Discrete mathematics; Combinatorics; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Quantum; Squashed entanglement","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00854633617795109,"gpt":0.2050910948812577,"spread":0.1965447587033066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001457106,0.0003228371,0.0002356518,0.0003385385,0.0006291507,0.003855309,0.001004017,0.0001480779,0.0005962398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003632042,0.0002873332,0.0002065024,0.001340677,0.0003293605,0.03145559,0.0002087824,0.000341923,0.004193946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002859875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009098333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005640761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002186894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978737,0.00007289836,0.0006496883,0.0003843274,0.0004704659,0.0005488875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986274,0.00005959173,0.0001281112,0.0005884637,0.0001589988,0.0004374447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003596396,0.002633494,0.4481092,0.0003839944,0.0006815224,0.0001470038,0.009010564,0.005660671,0.0004418291,0.2891096,0.1034722,0.1399903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002748113,0.0004286829,0.03803293,0.0002926435,0.00004041394,0.00007731655,0.0008941903,0.6039777,0.0174113,0.03829251,0.2957962,0.002007929],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2884704,0.00008553246,0.6949255,0.002220835,0.0002455057,0.0005186339,0.001287931,0.001124119,0.01112148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913259,0.00001316542,0.005168683,0.002363084,0.00008287506,0.00005223097,0.0006699698,0.00003354588,0.0002905679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7028554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121883397","doi":"","title":"A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF PROTOCLUSTERS AT z ∼ 3–6 IN THE CFHTLS DEEP FIELDS","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Redshift; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Halo; Luminosity; Sky; South Pole Telescope; Cluster (spacecraft); Spectroscopy; Field (mathematics); Galaxy cluster; Sigma; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01141813494812452,"gpt":0.2022571919780136,"spread":0.1908390570298891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006075272,0.0002261595,0.0003401381,0.0001179717,0.00009259998,0.0002658323,0.0005877345,0.00006413489,0.0004610363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001634206,0.0001295459,0.0001265867,0.0004193919,0.00008871884,0.00236239,0.0001739505,0.0001527735,0.0007564627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004760443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006881067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003382841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002063224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979825,0.0003509135,0.0007417679,0.0002328184,0.0003441143,0.0003478673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984847,0.0005466697,0.000315715,0.0005045205,0.00005533413,0.00009302241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003820783,0.00009634811,0.9973552,0.0004836177,0.00003425998,5.391652e-8,0.0001769055,0.000002392398,0.000008591681,0.001452783,0.0002921042,0.00005948362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005932837,0.00004824894,0.9930351,0.0006568792,0.00001026183,0.000001780389,0.0001056688,0.00008216011,0.0002255161,0.004876746,0.0001629762,0.0002013187],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941458,0.00003219462,0.0003971626,0.0002399725,0.00004574193,0.001655473,0.000855676,0.0000438268,0.002584169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987624,7.795167e-7,0.00004273391,0.00001677636,0.00004291378,0.000351768,0.0002349398,0.00003030061,0.000517388],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004616617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9723049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013069196","doi":"","title":"Future CO2 Emissions and Climate Change from Existing Energy Infrastructure","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Global warming; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Fossil fuel; Radiative forcing; Natural resource economics; Meteorology; Engineering; Geography; Geology; Oceanography; Waste management; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007437571343825887,"gpt":0.1891423169310398,"spread":0.1817047455872139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005147652,0.0003258559,0.0002069387,0.00001103288,0.0002878695,0.0004289096,0.0003596862,0.0002629593,0.003939901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003000726,0.000279634,0.00007552148,0.0001921626,0.0002854507,0.002450091,0.0008926579,0.0005788556,0.0004408707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003143773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006457998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000339065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001299684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984097,0.00002662206,0.0002625863,0.000533832,0.000289046,0.0004782425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990147,0.00005302477,0.0001140247,0.0003462368,0.000001702541,0.000470288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003069268,0.00005464192,0.8875856,0.000006009982,0.000009913466,0.0000263012,0.00006440727,0.00004353244,0.001450109,0.000713499,0.0006922896,0.109323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003664518,0.00004008893,0.4137078,0.00002552521,0.00001850467,0.00002665199,0.0001353901,0.001614515,0.0002706791,0.008271998,0.5749571,0.0005653169],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817335,0.0001083289,0.0001552323,0.0004708815,0.0002461813,0.0001164409,0.0008992011,0.0001923502,0.01607791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983909,0.0001830926,0.01315822,0.001364971,0.0004991258,0.0000203527,0.0004031008,0.00007982319,0.0003823414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5742648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964050900","doi":"","title":"An array of low-background 3He proportional counters for the Sudbury Neutrino \\nObservatory","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of British Columbia; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Astronomy; Neutrino; Physics; Astrophysics; Nuclear physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03175403625393476,"gpt":0.262858820696157,"spread":0.2311047844422222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001967474,0.0003084576,0.0003149843,0.00008922919,0.0003522523,0.0004502498,0.0009115486,0.00007134194,0.0004085137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005004006,0.0002375818,0.0003322742,0.0003899202,0.0003923155,0.003638149,0.0001291494,0.000474958,0.0002409048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002841093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004161295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001157365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.013901e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977853,0.00006556975,0.0005190596,0.0004619035,0.0006056296,0.0005625457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983014,0.0003764815,0.0002230847,0.0006721739,0.0001570648,0.0002698046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005210234,0.001493706,0.9001333,0.0001525759,0.0002936247,0.00001022686,0.00006916178,0.0001621743,0.007916456,0.0812377,0.003772321,0.004237731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005262445,0.0008996052,0.2301704,0.0002340245,0.0001103663,0.00002021094,0.0007151375,0.0005921244,0.5138268,0.02965336,0.216427,0.002088525],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817063,0.00007501517,0.002199016,0.0002779596,0.0001228984,0.0008763885,0.004782278,0.00009512483,0.009865054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971179,0.000004776261,0.0001625606,0.0001570187,0.0005591132,0.0001540776,0.001079991,0.0000930961,0.000671417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6699629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9688303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3106159029","doi":"","title":"Chiral Spin Liquid Phase of the Triangular Lattice Hubbard Model: A Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Advanced Condensed Matter Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Density matrix renormalization group; Hubbard model; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Renormalization group; Hexagonal lattice; Mott insulator; Quantum spin liquid; Lattice (music); Quantum entanglement; Spin (aerodynamics); Quantum mechanics; Quantum; Superconductivity; Spin polarization; Electron","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01770404609639962,"gpt":0.2574024140884423,"spread":0.2396983679920427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008653276,0.000321223,0.0003807341,0.00004278843,0.0001499028,0.0003188076,0.0005965755,0.00005325025,0.0001339648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003984107,0.0002684553,0.0002598747,0.0005444662,0.00007505112,0.002591822,0.000480482,0.000409432,0.0001508652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000147441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008503524,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002658128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.936156e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981623,0.0001221548,0.0005449057,0.000443091,0.000391911,0.0003355988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988454,0.00004848906,0.0003177564,0.0005235212,0.00005187018,0.0002129612],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01229539,0.01971782,0.6932627,0.0008906171,0.002446826,0.0001037662,0.005424777,0.03411883,0.04071505,0.1574984,0.006641398,0.02688443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04330929,0.007016913,0.00645889,0.0005299661,0.001567478,0.00001097917,0.002803109,0.05997204,0.2775519,0.5649939,0.02987581,0.005909635],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.965586,0.0000233644,0.02920794,0.0004480362,0.00005656286,0.0007698844,0.001555558,0.0001533142,0.002199333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978988,3.358729e-7,0.0007519297,0.0004869972,0.0002449208,0.00002365405,0.0003227559,0.00008401076,0.0001866485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6868038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158496755","doi":"","title":"Experimental Mathematics: Examples, Methods and Implications","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Computer science; Test (biology); Algebraic number; Algebra over a field; Algebraic topology; Symbolic computation; Calculus (dental); Mathematics education; Mathematics; Pure mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04968556780346446,"gpt":0.3152385215443141,"spread":0.2655529537408496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005578353,0.000358812,0.0004208271,0.0001451594,0.0002842498,0.0005582114,0.0004363411,0.0001570238,0.001276623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005955503,0.000327566,0.0001527934,0.000197624,0.0002090314,0.002227269,0.0002647079,0.0003208379,0.001102557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005371705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004655453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.106031e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.741984e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981648,0.0001328195,0.000655212,0.0004181546,0.0002262159,0.0004028358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977083,0.00104469,0.0002177201,0.0006618624,0.00002662681,0.0003407791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003464052,0.00137685,0.0005841182,0.0002734334,0.0001038239,0.00000660676,0.001072668,7.922647e-7,0.004586985,0.9500386,0.009914822,0.0320067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003824105,0.00004769172,0.00005029678,0.00006916362,0.00003345852,0.00008000748,0.0002539467,0.00008079915,0.01835215,0.6104452,0.3697822,0.0004226575],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.740498,0.002174302,0.04611525,0.001777106,0.0001462378,0.001193676,0.001577432,0.001828593,0.2046894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4192239,0.00001123007,0.5761387,0.0003798816,0.0002003394,0.00008067308,0.00008723379,0.0001476898,0.003730315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5300235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3100457178","doi":"","title":"Sub-kiloparsec Imaging of Cool Molecular Gas in Two Strongly Lensed Dusty, Star-forming Galaxies","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Redshift; Galaxy; Star formation; Submillimeter Array; Astronomy; Millimeter; Telescope; Context (archaeology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01097472005140726,"gpt":0.2127687580247175,"spread":0.2017940379733102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003357078,0.0004205608,0.0004468353,0.0003436376,0.00009465696,0.0005740999,0.0004914618,0.00004972599,0.0002181519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007347699,0.0004393395,0.0001806036,0.0006214036,0.0001646551,0.006329909,0.0002976946,0.0004384847,0.0003968317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001110571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003561091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006450976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005423311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99733,0.0001087109,0.0008857072,0.0004240691,0.0005496922,0.0007018241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985787,0.00007017567,0.0003652308,0.0004829149,0.0001453791,0.000357543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095176,0.00018103,0.9937379,0.00003129641,0.00003956298,7.737115e-7,0.0002185883,0.0001019665,0.0002959316,0.004808799,0.0002315579,0.0002574282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002403145,0.00007093169,0.9563863,0.000132828,0.00002342427,0.000005020837,0.001048107,0.001600103,0.01293785,0.02375842,0.0009674368,0.000666421],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99415,0.0001377662,0.0002378263,0.0001132277,0.0001035832,0.0003730927,0.0007602414,0.0001433434,0.003980889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980155,0.000001494277,0.0006169233,0.000007491477,0.00012346,0.00003300486,0.00098009,0.00009089678,0.0001311779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03735157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202203794","doi":"","title":"An Integrated Design and Appraisal Framework for Ethical Writing Assessment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"General partnership; Engineering ethics; Management science; Critical appraisal; Sociology; Psychology; Engineering; Political science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03748869922880099,"gpt":0.3527029876273393,"spread":0.3152142883985383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001221834,0.0002539149,0.0002710241,0.0001026301,0.0005854022,0.002474186,0.0005264513,0.0005080459,0.0004072616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001396996,0.0001852367,0.0001077967,0.0003206884,0.0003791248,0.003574926,0.0001190133,0.0005821553,0.0001264102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005886957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003401655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004888153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002243837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975166,0.0004111691,0.0003796974,0.0005223308,0.0005438784,0.0006262867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956484,0.003453804,0.0001262008,0.0002306039,0.00007921147,0.0004617835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002633468,0.0003150468,0.4009573,0.00002840865,0.00008147182,0.0000123217,0.0005674373,0.000001295589,0.0004021729,0.5007104,0.002972048,0.09368878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002619213,0.0008633507,0.04399853,0.0006300276,0.00007741144,0.000003990926,0.004549649,0.0003355446,0.0006478556,0.3023598,0.642324,0.001590617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2167805,0.00009749033,0.7478628,0.01781574,0.0005567493,0.001521675,0.001038691,0.001079879,0.01324655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8901703,0.00003629653,0.1080753,0.0006900048,0.0004810619,0.00008406601,0.00009251745,0.00005759042,0.0003128522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6733899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098648354","doi":"10.1007/jhep10%282017%29162","title":"Vector SIMP dark matter","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation; Azrieli Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Research Foundation; Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; POSCO TJ Park Foundation; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","keywords":"Dark matter; Physics; Hidden sector; Theoretical physics; Realization (probability); Particle physics; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009984532515305889,"gpt":0.2139262947316463,"spread":0.2039417622163404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006332852,0.0002955715,0.0002533558,0.00005486109,0.0004537375,0.004166343,0.001029762,0.00002865117,0.002844096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001209068,0.0002671026,0.0001911924,0.00005991387,0.0001165338,0.004525452,0.0005050467,0.0003171221,0.01681464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001182155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005590637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008016189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.19181e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985721,0.00002485706,0.0002889992,0.0004102982,0.0002162252,0.000487582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985057,0.00003822034,0.0001775868,0.0009838927,0.00001792326,0.0002766701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003116399,0.0001388481,0.86755,0.00001609036,0.00006646845,0.00000744897,0.00001476436,5.303165e-7,0.0001042341,0.00224649,0.118308,0.01151606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009279287,0.00004190158,0.1683393,0.00006711749,0.00002845462,0.00000271493,0.00003748526,0.000008316515,0.0008122265,0.4868969,0.3420532,0.0007844691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2913095,0.0000193681,0.0002164927,0.00145175,0.0001993464,0.000150707,0.00314842,0.0001182274,0.7033861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903113,3.954789e-7,0.0001347812,0.002229325,0.0003994317,0.00002539305,0.0004755337,0.00007760048,0.006346251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6992106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225531447","doi":"","title":"Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate (PODIUM) Contemporary Organ Dysfunction Criteria: Executive Summary.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Renal function and acid-base balance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Organ dysfunction; Intensive care medicine; Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; MEDLINE; Immune Dysfunction; Internal medicine; Sepsis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0110282763590978,"gpt":0.2130923947682247,"spread":0.2020641184091269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003686749,0.0005000279,0.0005234623,0.0006653761,0.0006145551,0.0009161485,0.0002957112,0.0001805598,0.00375674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025796,0.0004741165,0.0002547096,0.001512188,0.00007789379,0.008970811,0.0004098623,0.001086991,0.003272787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001985865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004729778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007717636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.333183e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967905,0.0001937205,0.0009513869,0.000585189,0.0009337584,0.0005453968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998269,0.00008670023,0.0004426147,0.0005543491,0.0001606377,0.0004866809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006816648,0.0008634099,0.426486,0.0005100207,0.000231124,0.0002998276,0.0001307183,0.00003806093,0.002070401,0.0007955023,0.5545704,0.007187862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004553341,0.0008455271,0.02589177,0.00007096044,0.0001305544,0.0002418175,0.0003373153,0.0002331609,0.006421134,0.0007058818,0.9598642,0.0007043179],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9023404,0.0008212399,0.001771733,0.005168588,0.00280008,0.001917099,0.008892824,0.002032998,0.07425503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.967104,0.0001085664,0.0001694931,0.006378638,0.0007053826,0.0001245011,0.02030105,0.0001116659,0.004996734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4052938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133974451","doi":"","title":"Commitment to Meaning: A Reframing of Agency in Games","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Digital Games and Media","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Meaning (existential); Cognitive reframing; Narrative; Conversation; Conversation analysis; Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Sociology; Storytelling; Pleasure; Social psychology; Psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Communication; Social science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02017420576387672,"gpt":0.2645486647400916,"spread":0.2443744589762149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003244796,0.0001818999,0.0002898537,0.000227216,0.00005601153,0.0005852311,0.0005099381,0.0001097961,0.0001966788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006842067,0.0001755265,0.0001242647,0.0008255076,0.0001005309,0.002416942,0.0001077879,0.0002156128,0.000364404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006128903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001579372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001359169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002526229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981175,0.00007559216,0.0004518469,0.0003167862,0.0005118581,0.0005264113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990676,0.0001163159,0.0001054763,0.0002556836,0.00003255215,0.0004223846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001187198,0.0006442597,0.06750315,0.00002868842,0.00001831373,0.00006854772,0.006271216,0.00001271934,0.000199829,0.05994436,0.002740413,0.8624498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003205769,0.0001987032,0.0146948,0.0001872746,0.000005038159,8.003146e-7,0.0007967266,0.000003852573,0.0007052044,0.01977512,0.9630316,0.0002803172],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4133192,0.0001285259,0.00002544348,0.002005098,0.00009762938,0.0003254211,0.0001981885,0.0001249623,0.5837755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890827,0.00003142846,0.0008919279,0.001116155,0.0001112368,0.00001016077,0.00005175319,0.00002212788,0.008682519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9602911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7157763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2216957970","doi":"","title":"Students' Perceptions of Using Personal Response Systems (\"Clickers\") with Cases in Science","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Science education; Perception; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Multimedia","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07080592960757244,"gpt":0.3424777825651177,"spread":0.2716718529575453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004024807,0.0001981867,0.0002785804,0.0006418969,0.0005575874,0.0007591077,0.0008742189,0.0001010828,0.0002127805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001909399,0.0001744393,0.00006330891,0.002424996,0.001824171,0.005054044,0.0002168778,0.0004233488,0.00006930642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002238218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009864762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004963242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002859932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964477,0.001019358,0.0004322335,0.0004255504,0.001107013,0.0005681676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987118,0.0004503268,0.0002085345,0.0002592828,0.0001534749,0.0002165797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005210121,0.0002410022,0.9857525,0.00001648746,0.00001213347,0.00005660094,0.007399274,0.000003306103,0.001191523,0.004512134,0.00001513664,0.0002789493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001098859,0.0004507612,0.9459924,0.0006456822,0.00003147696,0.00007006153,0.0434142,0.00012041,0.001473043,0.001347948,0.004465229,0.0008899082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987546,0.00002920852,0.0004148383,0.00006321871,0.000105045,0.0003462282,0.0003012853,0.000113444,0.01108079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993001,0.000001682129,0.006470857,0.00005614599,0.00005644604,0.00001141113,0.000008658933,0.00003435223,0.0003594435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03976002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7320093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767453073","doi":"","title":"A Day in the Life of a Spoken Word","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Medical Research Council","keywords":"Lexical decision task; Psychology; Task (project management); Session (web analytics); Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01767147208829607,"gpt":0.2494820776321916,"spread":0.2318106055438955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004276824,0.0002225257,0.0002680798,0.0002172413,0.00005189085,0.000380297,0.0006806165,0.0001275135,0.0006774092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002309836,0.0001567277,0.0001294307,0.0007074557,0.00009234041,0.001095437,0.00009961717,0.0004450132,0.002471385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002193061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001266714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001539228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001407846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981978,0.0001506494,0.000569605,0.0003500458,0.0003089092,0.0004229693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998947,0.0002437146,0.000133902,0.0005063993,0.00001599833,0.0001529321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007021534,0.002413643,0.833792,0.0001162685,0.0002679138,0.0005812448,0.01284402,0.00004591815,0.00008305167,0.07453038,0.01711724,0.05750612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002200654,0.000141234,0.3972955,0.0002587783,0.00001809105,0.0000488732,0.0008668274,0.000001804144,0.0003423404,0.02792191,0.570406,0.0004979371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8915519,0.000377381,0.00005813792,0.001996488,0.0001932246,0.000293021,0.0003582569,0.0001034065,0.1050682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961595,0.00000558803,0.0003949883,0.001750882,0.00009729566,0.00005114291,0.000169297,0.00004184308,0.001329464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5532888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7073887995","doi":"","title":"North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: A publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundations Part I: Diagnosis, evaluation, and the use of complementary and procedural management","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hidradenitis suppurativa; Guideline; Comorbidity; Grading (engineering); Evidence-based medicine; MEDLINE; Quality of life (healthcare); Clinical Practice; Disease management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08979406329494549,"gpt":0.3225587702692164,"spread":0.2327647069742709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009921744,0.0002367914,0.0003461079,0.0001587869,0.0002561545,0.0008591836,0.0001906618,0.00004337802,0.0001135389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001344359,0.0001531901,0.0000721658,0.000442378,0.0004955237,0.001337578,0.0002331861,0.000190998,0.00001317792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000350154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009892505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004317813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004257388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979612,0.0002048003,0.0007422848,0.0004225174,0.0003747129,0.0002944776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967104,0.002040582,0.0002557228,0.0003698636,0.0003140538,0.0003094345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002947501,0.00007605491,0.9123725,0.00008384734,0.000330704,0.00002755868,0.00008847042,0.000003256629,1.279727e-7,0.001631398,0.04524496,0.03984636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004502088,0.000272515,0.6355251,0.0002551901,0.0005421583,0.0001273622,0.0007407661,0.005852094,0.000008275789,0.001659649,0.350242,0.0002728246],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.784639,0.0002840297,0.000119232,0.1986333,0.00006616334,0.003835375,0.01217538,0.00005912621,0.0001883763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9660414,0.001370015,0.003337012,0.002824293,0.00009351527,0.0004380251,0.0257267,0.00003584478,0.0001332107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.304997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8285127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102550240","doi":"","title":"Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Antineutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Physics; Supernova; Neutrino; Astrophysics; Neutrino detector; Red supergiant; Type II supernova; Super-Kamiokande; Astronomy; Stars; Solar neutrino; Nuclear physics; Supergiant; Neutrino oscillation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008043691898566257,"gpt":0.2201864648545009,"spread":0.2121427729559347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001458415,0.0004144553,0.0005594361,0.0001795959,0.00007378655,0.0005056302,0.0004660199,0.0000986489,0.0008539166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007554618,0.0003487902,0.0002116667,0.0006596252,0.00007925372,0.002342082,0.0005411715,0.0004928037,0.0009236575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001976143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002107938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001985237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001822003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973422,0.000153904,0.0004587712,0.0007419263,0.0006625059,0.0006406596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980555,0.0003880342,0.0001338833,0.0008172569,0.0001142763,0.0004911089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005885655,0.0005727883,0.9354899,0.00005057497,0.0001116225,0.00001614889,0.00003226015,0.00008709671,0.05041813,0.004744737,0.000368734,0.007519438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001458908,0.0002531375,0.06059732,0.0003273598,0.00002000132,0.000001994991,0.00005306803,0.0002010694,0.9207749,0.001442613,0.01420702,0.0006625865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9653656,0.0000143728,0.001094721,0.0001708048,0.00006886418,0.0004047758,0.004341398,0.0001046985,0.02843477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964963,0.000001594178,0.0001669259,0.0001320545,0.0003196723,0.00001879983,0.001067193,0.0001149143,0.001682543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8748926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W309907948","doi":"","title":"Large animal-vehicle collisions in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains: patterns and characteristics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Wildlife; Geography; National park; Population; Cervus elaphus; Ecology; Environmental health; Biology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008623437936182364,"gpt":0.195831571203457,"spread":0.1872081332672746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001551478,0.0001662602,0.0001172796,0.00006776606,0.0002667513,0.0008304164,0.0002435296,0.00008151161,0.001663473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001492426,0.0001339215,0.00004497771,0.0003450191,0.00004952132,0.002329,0.00007441838,0.0002947832,0.0006622029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001106844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000562412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002346829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006664255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986507,0.0001019767,0.000264662,0.0002803805,0.0002054068,0.0004968148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999365,0.00007704576,0.00005938701,0.0002297398,0.000005340287,0.0002634859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009866952,0.00008620419,0.9967271,0.000003299116,0.000003480681,0.00002424563,0.0001023407,0.000001893619,0.00004046622,0.00108519,0.001461084,0.00045481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000164444,0.00002863958,0.718058,0.00001585587,0.00000368178,0.00001391829,0.0002582642,0.0002040569,0.00005165209,0.0003823217,0.280682,0.0001371263],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858453,0.00001397229,0.00002553592,0.001764682,0.0000522892,0.0002265184,0.001750977,0.00003100691,0.0102897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959981,0.0000175536,0.00004731346,0.003318105,0.00002899567,0.00002294739,0.0002403004,0.00002274646,0.0003038711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2792209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W653503688","doi":"10.1515/9780822397540","title":"Japanoise: Music at the Edge of Circulation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Music History and Culture","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Oxford; York University; University of Minnesota; Princeton University; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","keywords":"Liveness; Subjectivity; Active listening; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Noise (video); Index (typography); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Art; History; Literature; Art history; Visual arts; Computer science; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Communication; Philosophy; Image (mathematics); Epistemology; Aerospace engineering; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02414039994557194,"gpt":0.1788203545887221,"spread":0.1546799546431502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009686043,0.0004905836,0.0004773942,0.0001171376,0.0005583758,0.001058749,0.0006445755,0.000343372,0.1094297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004602307,0.0003319941,0.0004485371,0.00005090215,0.0006778091,0.002179307,0.0002719033,0.0007205249,0.0146512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001131025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002257021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003573253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004047358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980326,0.00006804335,0.0006169706,0.0004503604,0.0005020256,0.0003300389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984513,0.0001230975,0.0004905291,0.0006817582,0.00009844844,0.0001548724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002476445,0.00005217931,0.00008135656,0.000212365,0.00009085895,0.000005242784,0.001596111,0.000001202649,0.00001812862,0.08420708,0.911552,0.002158781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001710982,0.00003232374,0.00004981356,0.0001960523,0.00006815305,0.000004338111,0.00008836941,0.000002413717,0.00002399091,0.01741665,0.9815336,0.0004131958],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.007101364,0.001415052,9.669295e-7,0.000157003,0.0007078506,0.0005517591,0.006486852,0.0001850912,0.9833941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03622109,0.000006265548,0.000004314962,0.0009786413,0.001770126,0.00004147396,0.004932563,0.0001335063,0.955912],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09477852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116663380","doi":"","title":"Ubiquitous Molecular Outflows in z &amp;gt; 4 Massive, Dusty Galaxies. I. Sample Overview and Clumpy Structure in Molecular Outflows on 500 pc Scales","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of British Columbia; Dalhousie University; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Aspen Center for Physics; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Space Telescope Science Institute; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Sample (material)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01166762780374192,"gpt":0.2082368663493643,"spread":0.1965692385456223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001265306,0.0006446415,0.0006419136,0.0002842419,0.0001257863,0.0008721011,0.0005446624,0.0002013972,0.0007740014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001512568,0.0006509227,0.0002084183,0.0008660283,0.0001314516,0.00265098,0.0003857219,0.0007101364,0.0002301386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009454208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001283847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000294582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002338044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968114,0.0001894481,0.000859783,0.0008229866,0.0005411612,0.000775195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985554,0.0001203509,0.0002523322,0.0005288832,0.00005012994,0.0004928976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008666571,0.0001528824,0.9924875,0.0001140059,0.00004655027,0.00000259687,0.0002134281,0.0002948322,0.0003670805,0.004810696,0.0004027457,0.001020949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002057533,0.0001528582,0.9516058,0.0002288093,0.00002657465,0.00000303792,0.0001470589,0.001217767,0.002388993,0.0287746,0.01228677,0.001110167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926252,0.000493838,0.000404086,0.001268568,0.00008548754,0.00068325,0.003279695,0.000135412,0.001024492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958823,0.00001737864,0.001461664,0.0001991313,0.0001525098,0.00005127248,0.002060703,0.000126318,0.00004876414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04088174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3117134292","doi":"","title":"Ubiquitous Molecular Outflows in z &amp;gt; 4 Massive, Dusty Galaxies. II. Momentum-driven Winds Powered by Star Formation in the Early Universe","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of British Columbia; Dalhousie University; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Aspen Center for Physics; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Space Telescope Science Institute; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Galaxy; Star formation; Universe; Galaxy formation and evolution","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008855398177070215,"gpt":0.1865948190707652,"spread":0.177739420893695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001393917,0.0003991821,0.0003273757,0.0002072846,0.0001931923,0.0007300306,0.0007169645,0.0001143857,0.0005520314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003784465,0.0003632478,0.0001638503,0.0009565199,0.00008644363,0.006852555,0.0003413667,0.000561417,0.0006039153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001236409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009188565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002278951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005022479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975817,0.0001795585,0.0006930972,0.0004141093,0.0005225761,0.0006089672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989787,0.00005258344,0.0002679691,0.0004022775,0.00004885751,0.0002496069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008813221,0.0002495894,0.9903241,0.00002856431,0.00003274514,0.000001417284,0.002246195,0.00007993104,0.0003499459,0.002825476,0.003577394,0.0001965498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003297972,0.0002985517,0.939272,0.0001063706,0.00003273895,0.000002971918,0.002061379,0.00224706,0.001047432,0.006971719,0.04360027,0.001061559],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915035,0.00004765504,0.000259864,0.001837536,0.00005597148,0.0006585108,0.001615745,0.0001219829,0.003899279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963999,0.000004772172,0.000208929,0.00007775464,0.0000890484,0.00005125235,0.002910598,0.00006134691,0.0001963506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05105209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384811989","doi":"","title":"Worker Attitudes towards Mental Health Problems and Disclosure","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mental health; Psychology; Business; Applied psychology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01917181096504673,"gpt":0.2611906690816113,"spread":0.2420188581165646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006811434,0.0002224774,0.0002597428,0.00009157618,0.0008574348,0.001956446,0.0003633159,0.0001333617,0.0003112441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001675282,0.0001893376,0.00009203877,0.0003974797,0.0003183618,0.003247948,0.0002021848,0.0003234475,0.0005086912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004646271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001767371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005475399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005570658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979305,0.000212623,0.0003103695,0.0004174862,0.0004881969,0.0006408026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990976,0.00008587179,0.000121382,0.0002001399,0.00001887207,0.0004760878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003075666,0.0001276846,0.8922222,0.00006524807,0.00002418823,0.000002036949,0.001033707,0.000001836909,0.00001275307,0.005919133,0.006101294,0.09445919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003636216,0.0001004885,0.02373749,0.0005045221,0.000005182947,0.000002682382,0.0006327071,0.0000127315,0.00004629013,0.006564086,0.9676564,0.0003738316],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8906556,0.001633084,0.0001295681,0.02681666,0.000314199,0.0007229249,0.0005417162,0.0006438145,0.07854241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948848,0.0003227602,0.0004793648,0.001443821,0.000330709,0.00001804692,0.0001499044,0.00004080327,0.002329799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9615551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7073631068","doi":"","title":"Multinational Assessment of Accuracy of Equations for Predicting Risk of Kidney Failure: A Meta-analysis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Glass properties and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Cleveland Clinic; Kaiser Permanente; Amgen","keywords":"Kidney disease; Nephrology; Renal function; Dialysis; Hazard ratio; Risk assessment; Kidney; Framingham Risk Score","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03978155945279023,"gpt":0.2780122175995335,"spread":0.2382306581467433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049772,0.000158354,0.0005658725,0.0001820526,0.00009543165,0.0001148966,0.0004347865,0.00006796763,0.001233815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003691096,0.00009835394,0.0007361068,0.0005025336,0.0001461726,0.00178874,0.0001727025,0.00006944284,0.00002629597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001563414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002438245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001128374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002204331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981077,0.00009296416,0.0008712643,0.0003079203,0.000419859,0.0002002954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967242,0.001476458,0.0009505814,0.0004220003,0.0002642989,0.0001624445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001465662,0.001472705,0.2882948,0.0004141144,0.02093217,4.154822e-7,0.0001041725,0.000899491,0.6147233,0.06873666,0.001932685,0.00234292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002338044,0.0003787231,0.0222573,0.0001075288,0.03962658,0.000001211634,0.0001469939,0.007930253,0.8651772,0.02694318,0.03435697,0.0007359794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.704299,0.0001141172,0.1783468,0.004313483,0.00005076431,0.001167658,0.1100038,0.0001216458,0.00158275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718496,0.000004425836,0.02734188,0.00005110406,0.00002223876,0.0001757265,0.0003040888,0.00002111635,0.0002298616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2675506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3103968281","doi":"","title":"","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of California, Santa Barbara; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Research Foundation of Korea; Space Telescope Science Institute; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; American Academy in Rome; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Research Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Georgia State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning; Ohio State University; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph; Galaxy; Astronomy; Active galactic nucleus; Emission spectrum; Reverberation mapping; Spectral energy distribution; Flux (metallurgy); Ionization; Spectral line; Hubble space telescope; Ion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01172536078243282,"gpt":0.2012838078132468,"spread":0.189558447030814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008413372,0.0005573712,0.0004492121,0.0001288313,0.0003957751,0.001329638,0.0008579477,0.00007630442,0.001479774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005551033,0.0003648542,0.0004287098,0.0006552603,0.0002476975,0.01263412,0.0004853847,0.0003345264,0.002911305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003252459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001127173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005042602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.623743e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968991,0.00008223593,0.0007199339,0.0008013098,0.0004677645,0.001029621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977711,0.0004017778,0.0002360073,0.0007529423,0.00006767729,0.0007705259],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001004466,0.0004856911,0.8500977,0.000006520393,0.00009828491,0.000005395525,0.0000170467,0.00002219228,0.004088478,0.08248018,0.0007769151,0.06182114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004964313,0.0003673026,0.1665701,0.0002518159,0.00006875423,8.661046e-7,0.0002213869,0.00008181291,0.03100201,0.5916142,0.2027425,0.002114881],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9478313,0.00001444016,0.02709285,0.004469064,0.00009133364,0.0003442017,0.008274155,0.0004938759,0.01138877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948222,8.5099e-7,0.001014233,0.0005261212,0.0008726786,0.0001025561,0.0006129394,0.0001221162,0.001926309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6835276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}