{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":34,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":34,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"3ae5488cfe88","filters":{"venue":"npj Science of Learning"}},"results":[{"id":"W2626804262","doi":"10.1038/s41539-017-0009-2","title":"Social learning through prediction error in the brain","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","keywords":"Social learning; Reinforcement learning; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Social neuroscience; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Process (computing); Social cognition; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Cognition; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2649543363470273,"gpt":0.4583005366249187,"spread":0.1933462002778915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001126148,0.00008816337,0.0001241219,0.00006600305,0.003115986,0.0001768694,0.0009682707,0.00003934089,0.00001196774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002334663,0.00005949772,0.00004333448,0.0003271872,0.002095392,0.001254668,0.0001864084,0.0005404406,0.00001481885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001859299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002827219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009863052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984822,0.0001836644,0.0001677728,0.0003825084,0.0004685709,0.0003153029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993799,0.0001400038,0.0002367875,0.0001909076,0.00003460213,0.00001780737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001602434,0.00005136029,0.09777564,0.000004420687,4.904306e-7,0.00001427046,0.007593363,0.000143851,0.8875455,0.001181045,0.0001585911,0.00551551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007761726,0.000569304,0.8685762,0.0000525191,0.00001194469,0.00004169128,0.008189512,0.0006371884,0.1127709,0.001444801,0.006671758,0.000258086],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756115,0.000006527863,0.00001469184,0.007424097,0.0002281744,0.00009702795,5.386404e-7,0.00003166203,0.01658579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985403,0.000007300601,0.00002821064,0.0002186523,0.00007180168,0.000007458159,1.417571e-7,0.00000446143,0.001121681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7747746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3170310281","doi":"10.1038/s41539-021-00095-7","title":"First-year students’ math anxiety predicts STEM avoidance and underperformance throughout university, independently of math ability","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","field":"Psychology","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital","funders":"Georgetown University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mathematical anxiety; Anxiety; Psychological intervention; Proxy (statistics); Mathematics education; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Mathematics; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02133422882844163,"gpt":0.3130072669982364,"spread":0.2916730381697948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001256922,0.0001015422,0.0001853064,0.00009282724,0.0003147659,0.00005168417,0.0004972853,0.00006662585,0.00006817981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008179196,0.0001046265,0.00003432832,0.0006847654,0.0006524033,0.0006691952,0.000258712,0.0002369005,0.000008148211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007338761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002314541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009595946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005268876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983913,0.0001157958,0.0002238184,0.000441622,0.0005696485,0.0002578115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989511,0.00008436324,0.0002400758,0.0003561466,0.000287024,0.00008128623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002109981,0.0001934899,0.9732425,0.00007619792,0.00001634421,0.000001839522,0.009629837,0.0001625676,0.001041534,0.01521512,0.00001086207,0.000388634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005271219,0.0001022672,0.9694498,0.00007545177,0.00001660115,0.000006107296,0.02805638,0.000217605,0.0008702116,0.0001215095,0.0004577756,0.00009917766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959603,0.0001350509,0.000455068,0.00009658343,0.0003298889,0.0001195178,0.000005937397,0.00002441086,0.002873238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976605,0.0001362726,0.0005516461,0.00001744218,0.00002314745,0.000001227007,0.000002236383,0.000006642772,0.001600889],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01842654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4266547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769019609","doi":"10.1038/s41539-017-0016-3","title":"Towards AI-powered personalization in MOOC learning","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Ng Teng Fong Charitable Foundation; Peking University; Nanyang Technological University; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Personalization; Computer science; Multimedia; Chemistry; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07857888699940058,"gpt":0.4139226682532509,"spread":0.3353437812538503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003586997,0.0004036697,0.001366137,0.001260245,0.0007280303,0.0009872725,0.003965884,0.0002564476,0.00001855022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003255773,0.0003631355,0.00034104,0.002197742,0.0005129852,0.001967505,0.0008714498,0.001878814,0.00005506583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000228075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002255361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006260815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004573348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958996,0.000386357,0.0007781838,0.001061992,0.001174091,0.0006997497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971843,0.0001485028,0.00133532,0.0008486757,0.0003143729,0.000168854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[6.065054e-7,0.0000280429,0.0002378052,0.001478746,0.000009989617,0.00001825833,0.0006134277,0.001622211,0.000005789404,0.005601106,0.000006513794,0.9903775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001902043,0.0001769809,0.00009367753,0.01205537,0.00006197586,0.00004060301,0.0001267851,0.1074503,0.000005001991,0.0002826084,0.8788828,0.0006337864],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003273701,0.9610255,0.02947898,0.000394369,0.0004923446,0.0002587189,0.00000113297,0.0001956469,0.008120536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005835172,0.985021,0.005682223,0.00001297185,0.0001305343,0.000009696045,0.00001260513,0.00003713147,0.003258677],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9897437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410370353","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00320-7","title":"A systematic review of AI-driven intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in K-12 education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Institut de Valorisation des Données","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Intervention (counseling); Diversity (politics); Computer science; Intelligent tutoring system; Systematic review; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Mathematics education; Multimedia; MEDLINE; Psychiatry; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03266658336915745,"gpt":0.3474512186739045,"spread":0.3147846353047471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006061583,0.0004750765,0.003409555,0.001792292,0.0001809227,0.0002796621,0.003413545,0.0001757174,0.000004129171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004978273,0.0003941836,0.0004865841,0.003766272,0.0001274367,0.001162395,0.0006977827,0.001012556,0.00002708819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006675627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004202466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001312315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001140049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934554,0.0009564127,0.002769885,0.0009619794,0.001292657,0.0005637181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945567,0.0008188195,0.002619068,0.001073844,0.0008096643,0.0001219145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[2.42175e-7,0.00004238607,0.00001348714,0.9066428,0.00002946486,0.000004722698,0.0003057309,0.0006705079,0.000006013081,0.06668743,0.000004337094,0.02559288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002437376,0.00006414323,0.000001605289,0.9483628,0.000152494,0.00004615423,0.000185539,0.001420697,0.00001907189,0.000006049232,0.04941481,0.0003023111],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003171662,0.9757206,0.01825791,0.00001299624,0.001931623,0.002228314,0.000001290918,0.00006233218,0.001781724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005001194,0.991348,0.0006070022,0.00001311569,0.00006396574,0.0002672868,0.000003413483,0.00002173523,0.007175375],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06668138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281793706","doi":"10.1038/s41539-022-00128-9","title":"Spatial thinking as the missing piece in mathematics curricula","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Spatial ability; Recall; Mathematics education; Prioritization; Component (thermodynamics); Mathematics; Psychology; Pedagogy; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Management science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01110775570974677,"gpt":0.2495786769025415,"spread":0.2384709211927948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001052231,0.00005148038,0.00006757585,0.0001195367,0.0004078065,0.00005718129,0.0002520755,0.00001171263,0.0001994019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002477259,0.00004445136,0.00002034355,0.0007410838,0.00008899791,0.0002210372,0.00007915295,0.000307457,0.000008827546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007062664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000390439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006151361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005002457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990948,0.00003486819,0.0001525206,0.00009294796,0.000481409,0.0001434151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997348,0.00007486696,0.00005444296,0.00008158114,0.00003178573,0.00002257371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005928645,0.00005679823,0.00476236,0.00006341951,0.000004757201,0.00001088404,0.0246741,0.7447559,0.1468152,0.005002676,0.00003105209,0.07381699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002596976,0.00006993977,0.003606361,0.0001242201,0.000007279492,0.00002622528,0.006832786,0.9620841,0.02073419,0.005173397,0.0009048448,0.0001770269],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799711,0.00005764773,0.005858465,0.0001918867,0.0002021459,0.00009063124,3.53265e-7,0.00007652988,0.01355127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991056,0.000003764639,0.0007879205,0.00002471515,0.00001854844,0.000007076048,0.000001312178,0.000007124709,0.00004390414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2173282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3136559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2746806929","doi":"10.1038/s41539-017-0011-8","title":"Habituation as an adaptive shift in response strategy mediated by neuropeptides","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"Medical Research Council; National Institutes of Health; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Habituation; Optogenetics; Neuroscience; Noxious stimulus; Sensitization; Stimulation; Neuropeptide; Psychology; Biology; Nociception; Receptor","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01825839197846338,"gpt":0.2848412329982433,"spread":0.2665828410197799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001321673,0.00009842149,0.0001029031,0.00007627701,0.0003273426,0.0001411431,0.0005922799,0.00009363516,0.00001185491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001519604,0.0001001946,0.00002235298,0.00008340966,0.0005850488,0.00005612113,0.0001354338,0.0001810852,0.00000879426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001357743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002410842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002388284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000131963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988152,0.0001572663,0.0001630102,0.000374635,0.000254575,0.0002353284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992008,0.00002083933,0.0001877965,0.0003940732,0.0001074624,0.00008899955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001480566,0.00003240182,0.01079837,0.000002238856,0.000001950432,0.000002301796,0.0006249883,0.002779901,0.9845195,0.00005914924,0.00001267744,0.001018494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006206736,0.00242822,0.4285935,0.00002559141,0.000007004712,0.000005178055,0.001077238,0.00526825,0.5607505,0.0002880096,0.0006465742,0.0002892013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980732,0.00004738697,0.0008029024,0.0001547189,0.00005709003,0.00008096249,0.000002319748,0.000007482134,0.0007739589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992577,0.0000371101,0.0003554353,0.00003942598,0.00002779878,0.000002550679,0.00001066465,0.000011153,0.0002581328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4237689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4085817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921727697","doi":"10.1038/s41539-019-0040-6","title":"DIY productive failure: boosting performance in a large undergraduate biology course","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Boosting (machine learning); Computer science; Process (computing); Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0244775429764466,"gpt":0.3747604088736635,"spread":0.3502828658972169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01413742,0.000100912,0.0002087661,0.00028696,0.0006662838,0.00005887679,0.0005647386,0.00006317333,0.00004066283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004187968,0.0000959063,0.00002603922,0.002416871,0.001136337,0.001177193,0.0001474053,0.0005838015,0.00003176094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001864118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006885168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002336914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001287124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975055,0.0006729636,0.0002481921,0.0004405757,0.0004701489,0.0006626122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998944,0.0002576983,0.000270869,0.000183631,0.0002927282,0.00005102429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007356286,0.00003827252,0.8228386,0.00001350333,0.000002848802,5.675749e-7,0.01785063,0.0006353307,0.0467982,0.106567,0.000003489086,0.005244205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001709518,0.0008386735,0.8320094,0.0005926533,0.00001744456,0.00000499731,0.09555434,0.01221978,0.02513488,0.007462187,0.02334119,0.001114902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9618518,0.00002184821,0.0007557411,0.001266741,0.0003054628,0.0002330653,4.638873e-7,0.00004948682,0.03551541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902681,0.000007896242,0.008278992,0.00002366465,0.00006536223,0.000004969982,7.481807e-7,0.000007850824,0.001342375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09910481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5124584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562857314","doi":"10.1038/npjscilearn.2016.16","title":"Constructivist developmental theory is needed in developmental neuroscience","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Developmental cognitive neuroscience; Cognitive neuroscience; Cognition; Cognitive science; Educational neuroscience; Psychology; Neuroscience; Neuroimaging; Cognitive development; Education theory; Higher education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05983046396332684,"gpt":0.3520102826159007,"spread":0.2921798186525739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002930276,0.0005356445,0.00125276,0.001151809,0.0004777394,0.000147952,0.001506706,0.0002104925,0.001259078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008423682,0.0004092549,0.0002077977,0.002226673,0.00212178,0.0005023169,0.0005888419,0.0009322403,0.0005651168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005652061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002769277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002112816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001665682,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953001,0.0003823917,0.001043741,0.001435099,0.0008566686,0.0009820446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983326,0.0003909679,0.0007263918,0.0002582545,0.00008705689,0.0002047617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001483554,0.0000589242,0.001420844,0.0003743341,0.0000180952,0.00003839478,0.002896284,4.035458e-7,0.000217401,0.005612251,0.00007812758,0.9892701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004303951,0.00009167673,0.004315095,0.008954122,0.00002760195,0.0004689032,0.00304156,0.000001348764,0.00005791811,0.00008120213,0.981728,0.0008021962],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01267317,0.8387188,0.000181859,0.00007824824,0.001992848,0.001042394,0.00002129739,0.0001748597,0.1451165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03069004,0.9485027,0.003959593,0.0002274716,0.0001475114,0.0001109655,0.00001124998,0.000132179,0.01621832],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9884679,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162673407","doi":"10.1038/s41539-021-00091-x","title":"An fMRI study of scientists with a Ph.D. in physics confronted with naive ideas in science","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Neuroimaging; Value (mathematics); Cognitive science; Psychology; Order (exchange); Control (management); Nature of Science; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Science education; Computer science; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03398931231596522,"gpt":0.3690140533461067,"spread":0.3350247410301415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001345741,0.00009084582,0.0002023194,0.0002546469,0.0001937009,0.00008873229,0.0005291183,0.00002111968,0.0000371408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001803368,0.00007179016,0.000009876792,0.003785622,0.002302186,0.0007560873,0.00007011505,0.0002043857,0.00000194735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007850078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001219907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00147702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000979631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981246,0.000111756,0.0002239781,0.0005386046,0.0006503963,0.0003506562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988869,0.00007869851,0.0001916851,0.0003083428,0.0004737429,0.00006058763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007440463,0.0008906503,0.9303533,0.00001280407,0.000004899704,0.00004326729,0.0279285,0.01221486,0.01684186,0.01080353,0.000002050221,0.0008298276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006083027,0.0009782276,0.8243399,0.00007988084,0.000003318276,0.00001533062,0.1717505,0.000351453,0.001631243,0.0001475121,0.000004885906,0.00008940729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907472,0.00004201921,0.00007609871,0.00006643729,0.000105889,0.000147083,5.217675e-7,0.000009715122,0.00880502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989457,0.000001252181,0.0008423524,0.000008679337,0.0000115452,0.00001172465,8.766843e-7,0.000004764662,0.0001731518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.143822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8482499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888572702","doi":"10.1038/s41539-018-0032-y","title":"Understanding the effects of education through the lens of biology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jacobs Foundation; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Psychology; Intervention (counseling); Educational attainment; Educational research; Population; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2306587671730108,"gpt":0.4431233831755026,"spread":0.2124646160024918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001670183,0.0001394211,0.0005262718,0.0001207536,0.0002908348,0.00001533386,0.0006553364,0.00009460996,0.00008279397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037501,0.00007352817,0.0001744807,0.0008726871,0.002994195,0.0001171105,0.0001572805,0.0003415216,0.000006904184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007206975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005392729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000144775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000322891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983132,0.0005251336,0.0004267312,0.0003018669,0.000185761,0.0002472875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938508,0.004591067,0.000959581,0.000372769,0.0002110146,0.00001478531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004544728,0.00008849326,0.0004450305,0.006983605,0.00009832496,2.583371e-7,0.01617623,0.000002168096,0.000127247,0.1908953,0.0001090898,0.7850698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004403925,0.002515431,0.0007883899,0.04864152,0.001367607,0.00007601624,0.08026975,0.00002295975,0.0001521379,0.02246369,0.8425413,0.0007207825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001687978,0.9399566,0.001237622,0.00004677548,0.001352229,0.0005521146,0.000002630996,0.00001141957,0.05515265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3637485,0.6351038,0.0001722106,0.00002767156,0.0002519377,0.00005040037,0.000004549889,0.00002574401,0.0006151611],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8424323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097463114","doi":"10.1038/s41539-020-00075-3","title":"The rational use of causal inference to guide reinforcement learning strengthens with age","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund; Jacobs Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; U.S. Department of Defense; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reinforcement learning; Causal inference; Psychology; Outcome (game theory); Reinforcement; Task (project management); Attribution; Intervention (counseling); Developmental psychology; Causal structure; Cognitive psychology; Inference; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04951577145950369,"gpt":0.3194452629462597,"spread":0.269929491486756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007488009,0.0001201156,0.0001710729,0.00008570691,0.0004674189,0.0001121176,0.0003898522,0.00002823434,0.000201879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001921327,0.00008277669,0.00003353947,0.0006745809,0.0004427946,0.0002485652,0.0001709121,0.0003696176,0.0000410727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003811064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002921609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007625305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001154422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982273,0.00009303306,0.0003562571,0.0003490115,0.0006440956,0.0003302856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988321,0.0003813478,0.0002543938,0.0001633443,0.0002201256,0.0001487106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004686519,0.00006101611,0.1890429,0.00002771351,0.00008142678,0.00003101473,0.05103836,0.588882,0.07357126,0.07326923,0.0006647542,0.02286159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001394933,0.004919152,0.6633837,0.000364835,0.00004008836,0.00001537671,0.01463499,0.0120174,0.007498132,0.00003786884,0.2949561,0.0007374486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793192,0.00001838097,0.00609778,0.002057261,0.0000978168,0.0001884329,7.166453e-7,0.00004900711,0.01217141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934887,0.000006089293,0.002456556,0.0001384508,0.00004269905,0.00000676479,0.000003126763,0.000009775598,0.003847818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5768647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3595055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011211276","doi":"10.1038/s41539-020-0061-1","title":"Self-regulated spacing in a massive open online course is related to better learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Space (punctuation); Massive open online course; Online course; Course (navigation); Online learning; Medical education; Applied psychology; Computer science; Multimedia; Engineering; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01634325174001244,"gpt":0.3045720545388689,"spread":0.2882288027988564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001441106,0.0002184089,0.0004097974,0.000354801,0.0003595331,0.0005518795,0.002702941,0.00009180194,0.00004004821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001001285,0.0002158357,0.000069123,0.004603284,0.0001752892,0.001763574,0.001577866,0.001089773,0.00009352878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008861694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004714774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005476241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000505508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996936,0.0001962766,0.0005224885,0.0009261107,0.0007752614,0.0006439193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985306,0.0001160062,0.0003412011,0.000377567,0.0002772188,0.0003573974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003485356,0.0004591488,0.1489343,0.0001102488,0.00006119759,0.0002007248,0.0729868,0.6736336,0.05415038,0.005048321,0.0002152055,0.04416521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006104933,0.0004589058,0.01243245,0.0001893323,0.00001373574,0.000008550868,0.001781845,0.9799542,0.002043923,0.000225651,0.001931105,0.0003497674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9388227,0.00003225031,0.005844553,0.05334141,0.0000938731,0.0002345616,9.378786e-7,0.0002581782,0.001371461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9364863,0.000005302071,0.06203482,0.0007861517,0.00003452238,0.00000242278,0.000002717202,0.00001864637,0.000629098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3063206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8801523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390752167","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00211-9","title":"Self-perceptions as mechanisms of achievement inequality: evidence across 70 countries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Jacobs Foundation; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Mindset; Psychology; Academic achievement; Perception; Psychological intervention; Mediation; Inequality; Developmental psychology; Social psychology; Social mobility; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04768318784384151,"gpt":0.3937131757093544,"spread":0.3460299878655129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002936497,0.0001160671,0.0001800054,0.000190328,0.000343829,0.0001240365,0.0004040498,0.00007542714,0.0003754109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006110679,0.0001062167,0.00006381849,0.000925476,0.0004148829,0.0007557251,0.0001160981,0.0002658487,0.0001867977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008191434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002211127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001567835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009871866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980265,0.0001370469,0.0003735851,0.000437149,0.0006652088,0.0003605225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988927,0.0003441379,0.0001545574,0.0002906974,0.000243688,0.00007424776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007851867,0.0005400975,0.02432743,0.00051113,0.00009825303,0.00001557652,0.1542619,0.0009740576,0.3383134,0.4640947,0.0002503237,0.01653458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002172095,0.005210722,0.6491786,0.003707072,0.0003098185,0.00009590778,0.167338,0.005606086,0.1179014,0.01418064,0.03269152,0.001608131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814299,0.0002602071,0.01429716,0.0007368323,0.0007686057,0.0001977441,0.000004523898,0.000148269,0.002156775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970775,0.00007738145,0.001537782,0.00006017328,0.00005347317,0.00001433627,0.000002311642,0.00001138015,0.001165671],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6248512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4331393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2961475783","doi":"10.1038/s41539-019-0050-4","title":"Quantifying two-dimensional and three-dimensional stereoscopic learning in anatomy using electroencephalography","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates; Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions; Health Research Board; University of Calgary","keywords":"Electroencephalography; Artificial intelligence; Perception; Computer science; Visualization; Stereoscopy; Transfer of learning; Representation (politics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning; Psychology; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314889114132749,"gpt":0.2709672417732333,"spread":0.2578183506319058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073727,0.0001377921,0.0002527962,0.0006441334,0.0001414119,0.00002579386,0.0002100604,0.00008925291,0.00003805387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001286982,0.0001356121,0.00003443657,0.001145813,0.0004633924,0.0004786151,0.0001143721,0.0007479104,0.000005185454],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005659868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009583878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005501342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002851282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985005,0.00003069836,0.0002510406,0.0003279598,0.0003998741,0.0004899557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995883,0.00008397948,0.00006699349,0.0001171848,0.00005098815,0.00009259147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009623507,0.00001544255,0.5378724,0.00006139159,0.000009288234,0.00001443146,0.0001356089,0.2611799,0.1858398,0.002296559,0.000001358079,0.01256432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000736095,0.0001591015,0.0437404,0.0003066754,0.000008264518,0.00004630377,0.0002328133,0.9470304,0.006787454,0.0003681842,0.0003338096,0.0002504613],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976795,0.0009885352,0.0005029896,0.00003435293,0.0001444087,0.00009988867,1.588266e-7,0.000136986,0.0004131459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966863,0.00002188137,0.003233252,0.00001710901,0.00001185624,0.000001947887,8.963386e-7,0.00001359718,0.00001311314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6858506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387703407","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00190-x","title":"Beware the myth: learning styles affect parents’, children’s, and teachers’ thinking about children’s academic potential","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","field":"Psychology","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Mythology; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Literature; Art; Communication","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01483159754639377,"gpt":0.3096120414074749,"spread":0.2947804438610812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003607095,0.0002998433,0.0003386748,0.0003969531,0.002022864,0.0002893554,0.001041143,0.0001898192,0.0001569307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001219575,0.0002208975,0.000128494,0.001215194,0.001389956,0.0004950399,0.0004940792,0.002045669,0.0001302618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003580895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009296277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003348061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005154237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961808,0.0007567873,0.0003757803,0.0008642625,0.0009275691,0.0008948412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985608,0.0004739548,0.0004227481,0.0002729026,0.0001257791,0.000143803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002006609,0.00002298246,0.9105776,0.000006686224,0.00007509562,0.000005903144,0.02565007,0.001079075,0.00336216,0.001263346,0.0001235435,0.0578135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004598149,0.0002146465,0.9767927,0.0001506268,0.00005709905,0.00004472777,0.02109196,0.0003239135,0.0003179552,0.0001479821,0.0001239421,0.0002746175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958593,0.0008977092,0.0001726391,0.0005079398,0.0002829599,0.0002922957,0.000006078137,0.0002945009,0.001686549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975606,0.0002829204,0.00004045661,0.000101368,0.0002266491,0.00002528985,0.0000319143,0.00003628864,0.001694543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06621514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107031254","doi":"10.1038/s41539-020-00076-2","title":"Enhancing senior high school student engagement and academic performance using an inclusive and scalable inquiry-based program","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Toronto","keywords":"Experiential learning; Context (archaeology); Discipline; Mathematics education; Student engagement; Inquiry-based learning; Pedagogy; Psychology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02784761722217573,"gpt":0.3079499144232482,"spread":0.2801022972010724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000583938,0.00009576168,0.0001155512,0.0001019295,0.00019802,0.00006453526,0.0001443993,0.00005002115,0.000009197653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316713,0.00009127828,0.000007884129,0.0004618338,0.000202116,0.0005807749,0.000100368,0.0003926904,0.000001468952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006635665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007646953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008501278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.146647e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990767,0.00001837554,0.0001658634,0.0002113282,0.0002954723,0.0002322992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995873,0.00002333571,0.00003602201,0.00006599641,0.00004145761,0.000245867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005096572,0.00002824494,0.01463513,0.0005542737,0.00000723666,9.156248e-7,0.00707957,0.2676177,0.6733528,0.00002458116,0.000004202349,0.03669015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002335027,0.000245312,0.04141014,0.0001923994,0.00001244786,0.000002117251,0.002005604,0.8907826,0.06473564,0.000002946192,0.0002067926,0.0001705197],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937766,0.0001336493,0.005505047,0.0001365343,0.0001419331,0.0001365722,2.589171e-7,0.000147612,0.00002177563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860101,0.00004812407,0.0137828,0.00002905597,0.0001056639,0.000009009753,0.000001344066,0.00001105916,0.000002822983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6231648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.372222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412157240","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00333-2","title":"Multi-stakeholder perspective on responsible artificial intelligence and acceptability in education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; HEC Montréal","funders":"Institut de Valorisation des Données","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Stakeholder; Transformative learning; Vignette; Mediation; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Agency (philosophy); Economic Justice; Data collection; Applied psychology; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Public relations; Computer science; Sociology; Political science; Pedagogy; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.140567214102475,"gpt":0.4639780006207465,"spread":0.3234107865182715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004829108,0.00005878135,0.0001098851,0.0003305088,0.0007792262,0.0002207663,0.0002666589,0.00007825149,0.0000353759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01447764,0.00006038223,0.00002112852,0.001446655,0.00180651,0.0008147297,0.0000600126,0.0003686949,0.000002352934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003457886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002931318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005301807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003794336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986806,0.0002513313,0.0001717943,0.0002876894,0.0003680434,0.0002405778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988682,0.000406911,0.00007583398,0.0001072589,0.0004704114,0.00007133409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002834965,0.0001787804,0.02136814,0.00000738104,0.000001615454,4.90474e-7,0.07226021,0.0003404531,0.002510601,0.8601462,0.000004520243,0.04315323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007610187,0.0001378685,0.2550752,0.0001319123,0.000005051535,1.618345e-7,0.5825025,0.0006430686,0.004239342,0.1563981,0.0006244666,0.0001662637],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9388588,0.00007627547,0.0002008835,0.008646776,0.0002301489,0.0001644072,3.363659e-7,0.00001697707,0.05180537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974719,0.00006192641,0.00159141,0.0001119168,0.00001947558,0.000003739311,9.896213e-8,0.000002139712,0.0007374411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7037482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9938238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800570345","doi":"10.1038/s41539-018-0025-x","title":"The mitigating effect of repeated memory reactivations on forgetting","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Memory Processes and Influences","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Forgetting; Recall; Psychology; Interval (graph theory); Cognitive psychology; Long-term memory; Free recall; Audiology; Cognition; Neuroscience; Medicine; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02240993341195788,"gpt":0.3104741258206278,"spread":0.28806419240867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002590749,0.00008383157,0.0001243946,0.0001056899,0.001416594,0.00008457702,0.0005678622,0.00002363716,0.00001521186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02321813,0.00005199861,0.00003740826,0.001164931,0.001703699,0.000665728,0.00008974617,0.000198751,0.000008854558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001784573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001007335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001505118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.36149e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983821,0.0001501851,0.0002794334,0.0003223748,0.0005906459,0.0002752593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974836,0.001601885,0.000429338,0.0002560333,0.0001827358,0.00004641985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001835508,0.000005192111,0.001381852,0.00001723069,6.586108e-7,3.46073e-7,0.0005199551,0.0003548676,0.9835563,0.0009763514,0.000005751656,0.01316315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000950536,0.0006269094,0.001012871,0.0001259367,0.000002851631,0.000003216547,0.0004662751,0.003525049,0.9937993,0.00009555462,0.0001903517,0.00005659688],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649078,0.000008857313,0.00003656254,0.0001367187,0.0001487949,0.0001129414,2.987269e-7,0.00003266351,0.03461542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993747,0.00000599595,0.000148255,0.00004410923,0.00004985129,0.000004851884,8.237768e-8,0.000005892908,0.000366198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03446702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134253081","doi":"10.1038/s41539-021-00085-9","title":"The International Science and Evidence-based Education Assessment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Political science; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03041235968047466,"gpt":0.4095394612712803,"spread":0.3791271015908056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004341675,0.0000400736,0.00004576982,0.00008907133,0.00257701,0.0006247344,0.0006303383,0.00001641364,0.00002817762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006442172,0.00002683137,0.0000177027,0.00126426,0.003565931,0.001033814,0.0001211154,0.0001045114,0.000002511788],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003804066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01875517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008936559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001000628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978972,0.00004502533,0.0001203544,0.0002007062,0.001502899,0.0002337824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979701,0.0001924087,0.0001106952,0.0001140199,0.00149745,0.000115329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000420453,0.00008724138,0.03605555,0.000009846627,0.000003548105,3.664474e-7,0.004322392,0.0005925395,0.04271077,0.7813032,0.0005080537,0.1344022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001888854,0.00009125826,0.3753899,0.000427044,0.00001228004,0.000007735319,0.1401485,0.005650855,0.01170357,0.006245268,0.4598551,0.0002795629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8170732,0.0007505505,0.00006230214,0.06250062,0.001868604,0.0001007461,3.091749e-7,0.0000174509,0.1176263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954573,0.0003007138,0.001201613,0.0002745569,0.0001152305,0.000005061932,2.767576e-7,0.000001455632,0.002643779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.775058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2894973246","doi":"10.1038/s41539-018-0034-9","title":"A molecular-genetic and imaging-genetic approach to specific comprehension difficulties in children","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Yale University; National Institutes of Health; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Manton Foundation; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","keywords":"Comprehension; Psychology; Computational biology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Cognitive science; Genetics; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01183349623224756,"gpt":0.2711798453706012,"spread":0.2593463491383537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003362243,0.0001053283,0.0001431052,0.0003269529,0.0001346741,0.00008023122,0.0002576668,0.00002462126,0.00002259691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004120969,0.00009471738,0.00001659884,0.000612339,0.0004937171,0.00008771594,0.0001194701,0.0001255285,0.00003469596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002635627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002623857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006711122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.585651e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986667,0.00007266187,0.0002151515,0.0004698091,0.000256894,0.0003187747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995422,0.00002233634,0.00006551988,0.0002053164,0.00007137573,0.00009329528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002303862,0.00009640508,0.8476614,0.000007121693,0.000006235177,0.000005070318,0.02102487,0.001294276,0.08462457,0.0004351742,0.00008498528,0.04473685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002347752,0.00007715107,0.9959921,0.00003931489,0.000002076367,0.00005448618,0.0009238272,0.0007250136,0.001422842,0.00001898653,0.0003870617,0.0001223497],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921772,0.0003412091,0.001388005,0.00004387039,0.0001146856,0.0001617769,2.928972e-7,0.00002162184,0.005751322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831969,0.00000615357,0.01648533,0.00003784234,0.00002997072,0.00000898326,0.000001001035,0.000009311677,0.000224538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1483307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3862463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281695363","doi":"10.1038/s41539-022-00129-8","title":"Reading and writing habits compensate for aging effects in speech connectedness","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","funders":"Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Social connectedness; Reading (process); Narrative; Task (project management); Psychology; Word (group theory); Association (psychology); Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0232793343051721,"gpt":0.3050168297588702,"spread":0.2817374954536981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001834783,0.00009603911,0.0001929713,0.0003095437,0.0008057391,0.00005958445,0.0003602353,0.00001995055,0.000009165061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002572743,0.0000977998,0.00002711753,0.0007669703,0.0004349886,0.0003329795,0.0003332083,0.0003389363,6.814212e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003752114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006568098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002305754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002313986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983881,0.0002217509,0.0002158218,0.0005181622,0.0002590203,0.0003972178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982735,0.001371575,0.0001532051,0.0001156744,0.00003626503,0.00004976244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001031586,0.00001611451,0.01077427,0.00004429655,4.071806e-7,0.0001364198,0.001875312,0.0005928667,0.9810534,0.001120975,0.000001178966,0.004374475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009804835,0.0003722473,0.004187169,0.0001263672,0.000006532877,0.0004863824,0.003099406,0.01000287,0.9798458,0.000438609,0.0001900545,0.000264116],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987309,0.00003644611,0.00007067615,0.0001613845,0.0002169669,0.0002507883,0.000001803593,0.00004437797,0.0004866446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988946,0.000002963197,0.0007420992,0.0002118818,0.00002128538,0.00001697862,7.701722e-7,0.00001000242,0.00009942162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009410006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6197175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407690391","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00302-9","title":"Enhancing children’s numeracy and executive functions via their explicit integration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Toronto","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Nuffield Foundation","keywords":"Numeracy; Psychological intervention; Disadvantaged; Intervention (counseling); Context (archaeology); Leverage (statistics); Executive functions; Response to intervention; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Developmental psychology; Psychology; Cognition; Pedagogy; Literacy; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314543293669405,"gpt":0.2875822805182885,"spread":0.2744368475815944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006331546,0.0001054435,0.0001744037,0.0001920119,0.0003654208,0.00007244593,0.0001361701,0.00003019626,0.00005258863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001968178,0.000081601,0.00003462027,0.0005576476,0.0002079399,0.0005225263,0.000144814,0.0001727541,0.000009309879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005029685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007757783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001166992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009187423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999129,0.00002947094,0.000241754,0.0002124634,0.000203127,0.0001841868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990405,0.0005296314,0.0001061964,0.0001017979,0.0001728478,0.00004897531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004291494,0.0004070819,0.01324536,0.0001637028,0.00008762688,0.000001745479,0.01807979,0.00001066358,0.5630029,0.199879,0.000227009,0.2048522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000466644,0.0001495893,0.02921987,0.000989833,0.00004282282,0.00001776552,0.01617172,0.0008366542,0.7032154,0.2485112,0.00006629436,0.0003121652],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.79805,0.0000332285,0.1827256,0.000128976,0.00005166645,0.0001614644,8.507675e-7,0.00004399685,0.01880422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913802,0.000008700899,0.007057541,0.0000319326,0.0000123881,0.00001127694,0.000001378756,0.000005048727,0.001491489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.20454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3327592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392745039","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00227-9","title":"Observational reinforcement learning in children and young adults","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universiteit Leiden; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Freie Universität Berlin; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","keywords":"Observational learning; Observational study; Psychology; Prefrontal cortex; Developmental psychology; Social learning; Anterior cingulate cortex; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Medicine; Experiential learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09012752148233355,"gpt":0.3572557257045523,"spread":0.2671282042222188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000426795,0.00008422052,0.0001004618,0.0002004836,0.000254523,0.00008507175,0.0001834102,0.00002410434,0.0000207529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004192022,0.00006926362,0.00002097664,0.0008091872,0.000560954,0.0007444272,0.0001405391,0.0003326455,0.00001133427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002348651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003879904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005076817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003244726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987658,0.0000384574,0.0001824694,0.0004312337,0.0003424859,0.0002395056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997543,0.00006848815,0.00005001248,0.00006123914,0.00002711067,0.00003889872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000115075,0.00001241146,0.5297861,0.00000992482,8.686453e-7,0.000008466221,0.0008076768,0.001584365,0.4574747,0.0009659858,0.00001104986,0.009326925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002592615,0.000249682,0.9376149,0.0001603202,0.000005072217,0.00005734037,0.0002907911,0.00648765,0.05442751,0.0001101921,0.000180094,0.00015714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978742,0.0001025702,0.00001824927,0.0003585328,0.0001774344,0.00009566702,4.005531e-7,0.00005909238,0.001313873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984361,0.0000829395,0.00005470342,0.00004507983,0.00002177755,0.000005273199,7.142522e-7,0.000004777015,0.001348629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4078289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2824488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386825116","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00191-w","title":"Elementary school teachers’ perspectives about learning during the COVID-19 pandemic","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Jacobs Foundation; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Attendance; Curriculum; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Mathematics education; Drop out; Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Political science; Demographic economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07836062990100313,"gpt":0.4401229900056698,"spread":0.3617623601046667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00399923,0.0001561286,0.0001906935,0.0004057747,0.00171434,0.00007697435,0.0006714603,0.00006325729,0.001389927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001652389,0.0001259176,0.00008440301,0.001648518,0.0007980793,0.0003917581,0.0002678676,0.0009555996,0.0003693371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001010329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009090752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001851845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008330111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973193,0.0003618893,0.0003144758,0.0006181459,0.0006138224,0.0007723795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985944,0.0004435911,0.000227568,0.0003256073,0.00005842202,0.0003504294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000469855,0.00003427887,0.8929061,0.00004929007,0.00001689012,0.00001518761,0.07838169,0.002577477,0.02060797,0.0007294381,0.0002125058,0.004422239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008718047,0.0002227335,0.6569903,0.00004036024,0.00001389788,0.00004081699,0.3136206,0.0003009308,0.000164964,0.00008091986,0.02744417,0.0002084499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916593,0.0004797778,0.0001094684,0.001339671,0.0003082922,0.0002741007,0.000001732491,0.0003188362,0.005508838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854807,0.0001939241,0.0000520707,0.0003637137,0.0001378043,0.00003545199,0.000003236118,0.00001988542,0.01371319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2359157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391041942","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00216-y","title":"Development of performance and learning rate evaluation models in robot-assisted surgery using electroencephalography and eye-tracking","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Random forest; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Eye tracking; Multivariate statistics; Electroencephalography; Machine learning; Simulation; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08795241636317766,"gpt":0.3591893621791345,"spread":0.2712369458159568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00478366,0.00008284183,0.0002149683,0.0006376563,0.000186015,0.00005368374,0.00003432713,0.00003602594,0.00001113515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000531558,0.00007456342,0.00002675822,0.001254677,0.0002150025,0.0006618507,0.00002974978,0.0002822792,1.791551e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005424768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003499696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005933479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002579952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986546,0.00009399515,0.0003395616,0.0002628814,0.0004347195,0.0002142574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993221,0.0003083732,0.0001055425,0.00004599244,0.0001549936,0.00006297552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004632169,0.00001853153,0.2471995,0.0002101275,0.0000148848,0.00000445314,0.005422352,0.1345958,0.138456,0.000102112,3.824756e-8,0.4739299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002427813,0.00002571843,0.3368718,0.0006551705,0.00001674876,0.000007086743,0.0006432696,0.6588014,0.002641677,0.00001450404,0.00002425085,0.00005560189],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969712,0.0005204297,0.001831902,0.0000169584,0.00003792016,0.00009388922,4.403708e-8,0.0000248009,0.0005027897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958983,0.00005610847,0.00401217,0.000004088189,0.000008396622,0.000002432052,0.000002223194,0.000007088601,0.00000915997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5242055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3040608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294391423","doi":"10.1038/s41539-022-00134-x","title":"A rodent obstacle course procedure controls delivery of enrichment and enhances complex cognitive functions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge; University of Guelph","funders":"CIHR Skin Research Training Centre; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Advanced Research Projects Agency; Government of Canada; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Environmental enrichment; Categorization; Psychology; Cognition; Perception; Neuroscience; Cognitive psychology; Neuropathology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03257138819005388,"gpt":0.3408991061214042,"spread":0.3083277179313503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002768399,0.00006677539,0.0001396687,0.0001229585,0.0003855847,0.00001763695,0.0001291319,0.000007656903,0.001050604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005316977,0.00006543746,0.00003184842,0.0004024178,0.0004175093,0.0001476988,0.0001145588,0.0001507849,0.000004782199],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002179672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000979782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003304156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004046576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988725,0.00009735705,0.0001886007,0.0002567115,0.0003840713,0.0002008191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994085,0.0001018515,0.0001982342,0.00008526992,0.0001522069,0.00005393171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002402331,0.0008649112,0.2344156,0.00002731907,0.00003643623,0.00002064286,0.004817,0.001213192,0.7335335,0.002002566,0.0004190465,0.0224095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001689496,0.001231318,0.9441335,0.00002617615,0.00009011781,0.0001193334,0.03916622,0.0009226498,0.009299284,0.00001965167,0.003134051,0.0001682532],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976702,0.0001655145,0.00008961849,0.0002660339,0.0001593292,0.0002150937,0.00001163046,0.00001940174,0.001403166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963602,0.000001848347,0.00004209034,0.00003745949,0.000012188,0.00004820102,0.000003936964,0.000004746313,0.003489355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7242342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389377762","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00206-6","title":"Deliberately making miskates: Behavioural consistency under win maximization and loss maximization conditions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Maximization; Consistency (knowledge bases); Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1732049999574873,"gpt":0.4150198553379283,"spread":0.2418148553804411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003600838,0.000155901,0.0002857352,0.0009728018,0.000954534,0.0008850882,0.000632968,0.00008973876,0.0002304635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002988506,0.0001369088,0.00007199682,0.003010009,0.0009718563,0.001887862,0.0002683005,0.0002041553,0.0001566375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000713421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002422078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002458044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001723648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996952,0.0001301506,0.0007682776,0.0006788095,0.001089297,0.0003814922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976351,0.0006586446,0.0005061014,0.0003638669,0.0007087854,0.0001275078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004983193,0.0001183549,0.4478635,0.00001337015,0.00001152065,0.00004913135,0.003306576,0.2730815,0.01257332,0.009771372,0.0005749924,0.2525866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00117787,0.0003485198,0.5936216,0.0003054798,0.000077554,0.0001787591,0.02006613,0.2645654,0.002143637,0.1154597,0.001145985,0.0009094054],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933917,0.00003416827,0.004134858,0.0005040216,0.0003747696,0.0001285783,0.00001144133,0.0001098542,0.001310587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969556,0.00003063967,0.002105883,0.00006120174,0.00001970811,0.000005656731,0.00001408677,0.00001489193,0.0007923733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2516772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8534926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410262056","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00288-w","title":"A new education agenda based on The International Science and Evidence Based Education Assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Winnipeg; University of Manitoba","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Flourishing; Multidisciplinary approach; Declaration; Engineering ethics; Meritocracy; Political science; Higher education; Sociology; Psychology; Social science; Engineering; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0310539886464963,"gpt":0.4152295251363656,"spread":0.3841755364898693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00396469,0.00007013276,0.00006563176,0.0003809893,0.001550273,0.0004656918,0.0009356678,0.00002651133,0.00008916833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005487048,0.0000481209,0.00002524227,0.002117237,0.001574557,0.0008776442,0.00007851548,0.0001514567,0.000003773206],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006943134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04649568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003931997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005989006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997879,0.00006496324,0.0001543038,0.0002867591,0.001383075,0.0002319016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984519,0.0002832662,0.0001477813,0.0001801185,0.0008202472,0.0001166136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001252304,0.000197615,0.0200424,0.00002146849,0.00000316819,5.097882e-8,0.002565944,0.002519384,0.01076896,0.769392,0.006718657,0.1877578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003601363,0.0002381572,0.5199406,0.002462551,0.00003342759,0.00000117682,0.06634507,0.05434004,0.006535677,0.01008372,0.339188,0.0004714233],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3870307,0.0002783481,0.001637402,0.2265941,0.003824551,0.0005596589,8.158535e-7,0.00004547639,0.3800289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891595,0.00002965723,0.002888563,0.002947941,0.0001112439,0.00001575896,5.983766e-7,0.000001997754,0.004844725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7593083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396625663","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00247-5","title":"Phonological awareness mediates the relationship between DCDC2 and reading performance with home environment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Human Genome Research Institute; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Yale University; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Manton Foundation; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Phonological awareness; Socioeconomic status; Reading (process); Mediation; Dyslexia; Developmental psychology; Psychology; Association (psychology); Cognitive psychology; Literacy; Medicine; Linguistics; Environmental health; Population; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04101320410526665,"gpt":0.307847732714582,"spread":0.2668345286093153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001268677,0.00008113719,0.0001024323,0.0001274789,0.0003801727,0.0001113488,0.0002055297,0.00003831519,0.00005738936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001086277,0.00004616176,0.00001231572,0.0003704751,0.0006017223,0.0002998592,0.00006331329,0.000299007,0.00004934952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003761068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005410833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001261779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.646083e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989933,0.00006107792,0.000154765,0.0003017365,0.0002641636,0.0002249451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990227,0.0007244803,0.00005391469,0.000135517,0.00001339221,0.00005000194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005446303,0.000004211251,0.9730681,0.00001484192,0.000007041273,0.000003826514,0.008828411,0.0002059554,0.0001787667,0.002057725,0.000007234538,0.01561845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006821583,0.0001073434,0.9953991,0.0001157596,0.000009748031,0.00002183269,0.001529313,0.000505492,0.0002308344,0.00009701192,0.001833291,0.0000821068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961436,0.0003065639,0.0004014462,0.0003797032,0.0001277987,0.00006201883,5.12253e-7,0.00004319864,0.002535108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978929,0.00002659228,0.0005227286,0.000007314369,0.00004274649,0.00001326953,0.000001883716,0.000006491623,0.00148611],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02233096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2924019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176726161","doi":"10.1038/s41539-021-00098-4","title":"A micro-genesis account of longer-form reinforcement learning in structured and unstructured environments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Calmness; Reinforcement; Reinforcement learning; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Computer science; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009214760714353955,"gpt":0.2580420128277638,"spread":0.2488272521134098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001328036,0.0000775584,0.0001495514,0.0001352855,0.0004870624,0.00004901967,0.0001891416,0.00005957554,0.0001751485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005486944,0.00007939808,0.00002596859,0.0006734947,0.0008435125,0.0007201777,0.0000973372,0.0001673657,0.000001447016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001192235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003756371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001865692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001487372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985613,0.0001744205,0.000254082,0.0002429421,0.0005227546,0.0002445664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995182,0.00006182975,0.0001753233,0.00009957507,0.00008512474,0.00005992584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000369499,0.00002075506,0.07982755,0.00002246058,0.000007521647,0.000003592138,0.03229667,0.05653305,0.8033116,0.0141744,0.000001345145,0.01376407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001559315,0.0003513752,0.5057992,0.0002751649,0.00004279609,0.00001733092,0.1099308,0.006479863,0.3666864,0.004105125,0.004117032,0.0006354984],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966809,0.0002201497,0.0003269081,0.00009325797,0.00007339531,0.00008580396,4.224727e-7,0.000009198642,0.002509934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978909,0.0002248167,0.0007339411,0.00001281065,0.00002170121,0.000002444373,0.000003358177,0.000003947445,0.001106053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4366252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3746139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413415041","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00341-2","title":"How decoy options ferment choice biases in real-world consumer decision-making","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Wine Industry and Tourism","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Decoy; Business; Advertising; Computer science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0353267820792396,"gpt":0.3195888610356021,"spread":0.2842620789563625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009432225,0.0001104395,0.0001635133,0.001095758,0.000416967,0.0006176084,0.0004208692,0.00004238964,0.00009774865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003588712,0.0001043494,0.0000432488,0.002997324,0.0002588465,0.002519511,0.0002772102,0.0002819443,0.00001905694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006521623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001223403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005000648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001973566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987462,0.00001261426,0.0002363666,0.0003179473,0.0003435437,0.0003433574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989768,0.0004564676,0.000183484,0.0001956794,0.0001743781,0.00001314995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002398659,0.0001439071,0.8841863,0.00008014893,0.00001256292,0.00002691958,0.00006915274,0.02426419,0.003529396,0.022824,0.003528282,0.0613111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000729408,0.00001411251,0.8312092,0.002394375,0.00004404763,0.000001535471,0.001427761,0.0269607,0.000614662,0.003554692,0.132661,0.0003884099],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9486741,0.00003947147,0.0002280956,0.002813459,0.0003381062,0.0001189296,2.67495e-7,0.00005299245,0.04773461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960887,0.000007195256,0.0007013309,0.0001489886,0.0003317292,0.000007879294,0.000001187935,0.000006110721,0.002706822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1291328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5955612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413315974","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00346-x","title":"Mediational effects of reading-related intermediate phenotypes from polygenic scores to reading skills","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université Laval; Université de Montréal; Douglas Mental Health University Institute","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; Université Laval","keywords":"Reading (process); Psychology; Phenotype; Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology; Genetics; Biology; Linguistics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004459508877472849,"gpt":0.2907317308878321,"spread":0.2862722220103592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009092235,0.0001303535,0.0002848296,0.0006885574,0.000146249,0.00004392896,0.0005016883,0.00007374732,0.0001779055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002056877,0.0001202726,0.00005567217,0.001256531,0.0002894753,0.0002426536,0.0001411291,0.0002296028,0.00008149143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008395619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001901162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001934608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002422684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982367,0.0001127453,0.0004732948,0.0004354987,0.0004051537,0.0003365868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983203,0.0009265073,0.0002528508,0.0002454548,0.0001527642,0.0001020547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001757133,0.0002375674,0.4615124,0.0001222051,0.000252052,0.00001752547,0.07972504,0.001493057,0.3157654,0.02872813,0.0007736312,0.1111972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006588839,0.0001722786,0.9374568,0.00111053,0.00003615777,0.000001665276,0.0007887821,0.0003373013,0.0573474,0.001085301,0.0007955879,0.0002092975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853485,0.0001615065,0.0009533038,0.0001363438,0.001589989,0.0001509716,0.000002475429,0.00004512415,0.01161174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926006,0.000009811137,0.001622553,0.00006895929,0.00003750655,0.00001201326,0.000008243286,0.00000931927,0.005630959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4759444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4904574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417348490","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00387-2","title":"Publisher Correction: How decoy options ferment choice biases in real-world consumer decision-making","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Decoy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03857977104136909,"gpt":0.3586562280127774,"spread":0.3200764569714083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016047,0.0003343661,0.0007529607,0.002283382,0.0004725585,0.000531555,0.00053975,0.00024665,0.000319206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01166275,0.0003172355,0.0001795247,0.003785082,0.0005548422,0.0008675934,0.0003767848,0.001955127,0.000009435038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006169494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002764204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006433374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002978495,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965537,0.00008108612,0.0006174555,0.0009099944,0.001162234,0.0006755791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966365,0.001363421,0.0004383654,0.0005936563,0.0007678227,0.0002002767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001411309,0.0004214104,0.1917258,0.0006192448,0.0002649746,0.0001083524,0.0005597243,0.003191178,0.0004801197,0.000324072,0.5685608,0.2336031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001554413,0.0003720113,0.1757088,0.03558776,0.0008031566,0.00007257672,0.001260849,0.01647518,0.00004028548,0.00009509246,0.7670754,0.0009544657],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06403351,0.02478895,0.0008846637,0.005790456,0.1648576,0.002484496,0.00001525335,0.0005787204,0.7365663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5558344,0.002335578,0.003768213,0.0001589114,0.0004611543,0.00005551096,0.00005805711,0.00005131641,0.4372769],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4918009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116988676","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00391-6","title":"Cardiovascular exercise enhances motor learning across multiple sessions in people with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Motor Control and Adaptation","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Motor learning; Neurorehabilitation; Motor skill; Session (web analytics); Cardiorespiratory fitness; Neurotypical; Randomized controlled trial; Balance (ability)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01502316240260696,"gpt":0.2734482075991612,"spread":0.2584250451965542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004618386,0.0002312354,0.001373302,0.0003782665,0.0008380156,0.0002605132,0.0005127141,0.00004197236,0.00002100465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01896302,0.0001631713,0.0003954033,0.001578136,0.0007414734,0.0008741301,0.0001268236,0.0004244701,0.00000529237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000748178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005552775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002222103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005211051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960877,0.0008223937,0.0006291732,0.0007956732,0.001091417,0.0005735956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969547,0.002036946,0.0003838702,0.0003095544,0.0001598198,0.0001551119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.6824793,0.0002445272,0.003882492,0.00006101104,0.00003630028,0.0000181433,0.001723362,0.1008921,0.2057164,0.000358026,7.686784e-7,0.00458757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.8093997,0.0003547391,0.009735448,0.0005989007,0.0001486853,0.000001120331,0.001159951,0.1714179,0.006272482,0.00005940455,0.0005509726,0.0003006783],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"randomized_trial","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879819,0.0005908945,0.007608169,0.0001211754,0.0003313642,0.002688503,0.000002279474,0.00008749242,0.0005881844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997138,0.0002461594,0.0002663466,0.00002243489,0.00004009548,0.0007676924,0.000001083998,0.00001293709,0.001505272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.199444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9893007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}