{"id":"W1128661983","doi":"10.2118/174485-ms","title":"A Parametric Study of the Hydrodynamic Roughness Produced by a Wall-Coating Layer of Oil during the Pipeline Transportation of Heavy Oil-Water Mixtures","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coating; Pipeline transport; Materials science; Surface roughness; Surface finish; Viscosity; Asphalt; Fouling; Volumetric flow rate; Computational fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Environmental science; Mechanics; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003500384,0.0002868248,0.0003059025,0.000229755,0.0002654334,0.000328238,0.0002875101,0.0003505514,0.0008089191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000697532,0.0001567641,0.0003234377,0.0002172658,0.000402253,0.0002903172,0.000345727,0.0003111992,0.00009072355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002465606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000162654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009421549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006619999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997813,0.00002823602,0.00001030359,0.00003556917,0.000082196,0.00006244143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946,0.0002509505,0.00009597642,0.00007658814,0.0000863644,0.00002995684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004399206,0.0002171966,0.003379822,0.0001046306,0.00002006371,0.000388764,0.0002186943,0.03131109,0.9558607,0.0002330113,0.0001322678,0.007693821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003240972,0.003093106,0.01682885,0.00000812872,0.00004998715,0.0001336157,0.0002968409,0.1123092,0.8664016,0.00009461896,0.0006952512,0.00005630469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981046,0.00002904057,0.001481459,0.000009576288,0.000004485868,0.00001021127,0.00003556476,0.0000216158,0.0003033789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994208,0.00001361772,0.0004226419,0.000001848143,9.244812e-7,0.000004616547,0.00001124102,0.000002679497,0.0001216389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009421549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00270611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01824375270657474,"score_gpt":0.2431874952542733,"score_spread":0.2249437425476986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}