{"id":"W12234695","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2070887","title":"Managing Agency Problems in Early Shareholder Capitalism: An Exploration of Liverpool Shipping in the 18th Century","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Capitalism; Agency (philosophy); Shareholder; Business; Market economy; Economy; Finance; Corporate governance; Economics; Political science; Sociology; Social science; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00338554,0.00009016656,0.0001290379,0.0001240815,0.0003364556,0.00006799062,0.0002433518,0.00004712212,0.00002222999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004057525,0.00006982788,0.00003595132,0.0002666224,0.00005223327,0.001999786,0.0000219837,0.0005685605,0.000006221187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004952836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003971713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002012092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03579123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979318,0.0002359395,0.0002812079,0.0001084675,0.0002330323,0.001209583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996702,0.00003092257,0.000149015,0.00006841785,0.00003830188,0.00004314821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008820109,0.0001559036,0.2000397,0.00001092074,0.0000407286,0.000001406789,0.6431472,0.00003902316,0.00002604639,0.1464469,0.00003372605,0.01004968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005077503,0.0001125061,0.2240445,0.00009199396,0.00001608705,0.000008714035,0.5546197,0.000008280511,0.00000777323,0.2179828,0.00234082,0.0002591387],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849371,0.007054885,0.0002793171,0.001030436,0.000186581,0.0002795418,6.40859e-7,0.00001101213,0.006220442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877063,0.01179832,0.00002166562,0.00006499024,0.000253043,0.00001649295,0.000002358975,0.000005846708,0.0001309819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08852751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9818031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05766181538769973,"score_gpt":0.2908377213775056,"score_spread":0.2331759059898058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}