{"id":"W122774771","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.09.003","title":"Feasibility of producing bio-ethanol from waste residues: A Canadian perspective","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Ethanol fuel; Environmental science; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Renewable resource; Renewable energy; Biofuel; Chemistry; Agronomy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001894696,0.0001020434,0.0001342363,0.0001446422,0.0001020952,0.0000283184,0.0000543098,0.000099941,0.0000284305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005198738,0.00009618262,0.00003340902,0.000185151,0.00007169256,0.00008713537,0.00001209639,0.0001163332,0.000003486228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001020904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003055674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1443541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02326774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992625,0.00003859864,0.0002237957,0.0002373933,0.00009494266,0.0001427598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995924,0.00004010268,0.00005179176,0.0001597283,0.0000883086,0.00006763252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001310705,0.00007183963,0.7217213,0.0005452411,0.000120515,0.000007292001,0.01160911,0.002821939,0.2537886,0.0003957451,0.004978136,0.003809245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002323609,0.00009882962,0.5368952,0.0006493753,0.0001207111,0.00001564769,0.0231348,0.04186267,0.3400733,0.005377083,0.04830747,0.001141294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942538,0.00132735,0.00006650087,0.001928516,0.0001715477,0.0001831749,0.00001817274,0.00009981038,0.00195113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988948,0.00006397119,0.0005345623,0.00007657025,0.0001972678,0.00000242865,0.00001533919,0.00001202557,0.000203035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1848261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01730665207553283,"score_gpt":0.2185018645000634,"score_spread":0.2011952124245305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}