{"id":"W125163084","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2428817","title":"Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Are They Really Filling Labour Shortages?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Economic shortage; Labour economics; Business; Demographic economics; Economics; Government (linguistics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001232009,0.0002508704,0.0004816931,0.001091829,0.01146361,0.004333479,0.001540258,0.002278985,0.01238097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004544856,0.0002436193,0.0003036159,0.00292601,0.003143018,0.001858905,0.002429654,0.002130221,0.0005804465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02791399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09243977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9813534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.994523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979268,0.0001350508,0.00003278727,0.0001076067,0.0002116325,0.001585981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957696,0.0002505485,0.0004890208,0.00006602593,0.00104324,0.002381503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006380338,0.0003406311,0.640314,0.0005848415,0.00007303505,0.001725332,0.10228,0.0005290743,0.0005693093,0.02613835,0.1053976,0.1214097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000528794,0.000108287,0.4098567,0.0008422569,0.00006384821,0.0002680939,0.5188498,0.0004537296,0.0001436782,0.001670378,0.06759287,0.00009751263],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.935342,0.003064245,0.0001652839,0.03743096,0.0004127618,0.0000639155,0.001067628,0.00002145608,0.02243175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813864,0.00177241,0.0001359096,0.003044478,0.00005601954,0.00002545814,0.000237324,0.00001603311,0.01332597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02791399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2025311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007953219470401127,"score_gpt":0.2366613330256261,"score_spread":0.2287081135552249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}