{"id":"W125163084","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2428817","title":"Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Are They Really Filling Labour Shortages?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Economic shortage; Labour economics; Business; Demographic economics; Economics; Government (linguistics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002737765,0.0001062764,0.000156308,0.00008269506,0.0003649817,0.00007210632,0.0003071065,0.00007320296,0.00007018989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001878513,0.00009681314,0.00004765908,0.0002492485,0.00002996018,0.0001772942,0.00001266853,0.001125934,0.00000369281],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002722271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01659076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9237605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973894,0.000291638,0.000269399,0.0001465926,0.000409226,0.001493731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994072,0.00008163114,0.0001901329,0.0001048731,0.00008325582,0.0001329489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001522194,0.00001249859,0.6720973,0.000002335855,0.00002218388,0.000006511179,0.0009247459,0.0008889289,0.000004179255,0.3210157,0.0004240831,0.004586288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012184,0.0001447697,0.1086801,0.0001655521,0.00002907412,0.00004426088,0.441363,0.004362625,0.000005819348,0.3919891,0.05119168,0.0008055489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820197,0.0003987844,0.0012997,0.002774921,0.0001668661,0.000107256,0.00000388054,0.00002166296,0.01320723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944637,0.001952803,0.00004050459,0.0003564309,0.000277816,0.000002767906,0.00000355931,0.00001370049,0.002888694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5634172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9889843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007953219470401127,"score_gpt":0.2366613330256261,"score_spread":0.2287081135552249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}