{"id":"W128551856","doi":"10.5206/eei.v24i1.7710","title":"Universal Design for Instruction and Learning: A Pilot Study of Faculty Instructional Methods and Attitudes Related to Students with Disabilities in Higher Education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Exceptionality Education International","topic":"Disability Education and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Universal Design for Learning; Variety (cybernetics); Universal design; Differentiated instruction; Special education; Mathematics education; Instructional design; Inclusion (mineral); Psychology; Teaching method; Learning disability; Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001564522,0.0001196719,0.0001524844,0.0002357085,0.0002624769,0.00009882637,0.0001662296,0.000045039,0.0003848712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000677074,0.0001232546,0.0000184843,0.0002492226,0.0002646195,0.0003772953,0.00004320933,0.000116148,0.000002476833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004075279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004982384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002302998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008301922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979964,0.0006739985,0.0003568064,0.000361565,0.0004865243,0.0001246692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987087,0.0004374605,0.0001519429,0.0001022738,0.0004814552,0.0001182016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002176862,0.003196864,0.8630849,0.00002266979,0.00004747718,4.845656e-9,0.01901563,0.0003389561,0.00004181784,0.09698092,0.0002345836,0.01681853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008575876,0.0006751542,0.9341726,0.00003614632,0.00001592136,0.000001269868,0.04563276,0.00002028671,0.000004928854,0.009213326,0.009239443,0.0001305321],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910947,0.000006016032,0.000895411,0.00488426,0.001151047,0.0009287437,0.000006842742,0.00002755638,0.001005396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9768991,0.000005056354,0.01768594,0.0001010498,0.0002568322,0.0003700985,0.00007845016,0.000009507288,0.004593997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08776759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5026178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.125408298214205,"score_gpt":0.4669520684382989,"score_spread":0.3415437702240939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}