{"id":"W131074842","doi":"","title":"When Did Modern Economic Growth Really Start? The Empirics of Malthus to Solow","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Human capital; Industrial Revolution; Capital (architecture); Economic expansion; Macro; Macroeconomics; Economic system; Development economics; Market economy; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001337363,0.0002002959,0.0005016085,0.0001770381,0.0001131491,0.00005660029,0.0003800368,0.00009709365,0.001024908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002177343,0.0001869531,0.0001513752,0.00009983826,0.00007662871,0.0002585779,0.00007689693,0.0001532534,0.001092315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001330958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007994907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006914911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003475815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981479,0.00003897005,0.0007957675,0.0005735484,0.00002500321,0.0004188009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998663,0.00009192345,0.0003363757,0.0007254981,0.00003139069,0.0001517776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003265694,0.00008247062,0.1330738,0.00003686699,0.00007850159,8.001068e-7,0.001199393,0.0004520935,0.00003876207,0.851169,0.01281156,0.001024141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008322022,0.000258147,0.04663183,0.00000809941,0.00001360294,0.00001059311,0.0001213277,0.00260628,0.0027773,0.847726,0.09832105,0.0006935028],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6756884,0.0006991402,0.008319418,0.005702972,0.0008069677,0.0004869508,0.0001990027,0.00004667405,0.3080505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919206,0.0001095939,0.00245293,0.001204982,0.0001040655,0.0000281945,0.000005452167,0.00003169573,0.004142491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3162322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03706292934367983,"score_gpt":0.217019452563441,"score_spread":0.1799565232197612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}