{"id":"W139968067","doi":"10.1017/s1548450500006260","title":"Brain Drain and Africa’s Development: A Reflection","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Issues","topic":"African cultural and philosophical studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brain drain; Emigration; Political science; Currency; Soviet union; Human capital; Phenomenon; Reflection (computer programming); Development economics; Economic growth; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002560015,0.0001142503,0.0001572107,0.00004350874,0.001042471,0.00007527039,0.0001219448,0.00006315551,0.0005065678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002826544,0.00009094183,0.00002902759,0.0003941705,0.0003731267,0.000141644,0.00005592014,0.00009454007,0.0001408257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006573569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001177039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006280664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008915668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998906,0.0001274984,0.0001459367,0.000229333,0.0002765229,0.0003147814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995517,0.0001325126,0.00005018898,0.00006988682,0.00005364462,0.0001421158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001690116,0.0001288757,0.001815977,0.00001662103,0.00008359452,0.00001474252,0.7020762,4.046237e-7,0.0003346794,0.129437,0.07639073,0.08968424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008373596,0.00003869555,0.0009673783,0.000009330534,0.000005807585,8.351765e-7,0.009006697,0.000004386171,0.00002960567,0.01193918,0.9777552,0.0001591696],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05811615,0.005157324,0.00001487786,0.1289411,0.0001241071,0.0002234291,0.000003931405,0.000274875,0.8071442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.960263,0.0003012047,0.0005968044,0.0002804928,0.0003366596,0.00002115146,9.115253e-7,0.000006946133,0.03819283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9021469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8017947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09789443615507837,"score_gpt":0.3190519670126545,"score_spread":0.2211575308575762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}