{"id":"W1434556955","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2420979","title":"Incumbency Effects in U.S. Presidential Campaigns: Language Patterns Matter","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Political science; Politics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001611218,0.0001385237,0.0002651992,0.001312379,0.0008677048,0.002115161,0.0002724649,0.0005720267,0.02306911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01023786,0.00015951,0.0002790536,0.001860964,0.0006426151,0.001434117,0.001372765,0.001020676,0.003010635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004823518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000482722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009832084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03198419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986396,0.00058896,0.00007197349,0.0001879111,0.0001676859,0.0003437434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.991442,0.004723141,0.001933737,0.0002380276,0.0006294138,0.001033686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001059722,0.0004606618,0.9252359,0.0001726744,0.0002530758,0.000268906,0.01428793,0.0002752474,0.001863903,0.005564827,0.007052772,0.04350432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002410247,0.00007711222,0.990307,0.00004028047,0.00005273427,0.00004609796,0.005903714,0.0001654177,0.0002230221,0.0007107242,0.00244084,0.000008913475],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984022,0.0004570537,0.00004814068,0.001654323,0.00002195549,0.000005320175,0.0004050619,0.000006534036,0.0133798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997429,0.0001490414,0.00001450599,0.0001615428,0.00003614608,0.00000371872,0.0002275976,0.000009104095,0.001969372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02306911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07717389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00648509132916826,"score_gpt":0.2983060205824997,"score_spread":0.2918209292533315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}