{"id":"W144062420","doi":"","title":"Subnational Democracy in (Cross-National) Comparative Perspective: Objective Measures with Application to Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Uruguay and the United States","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Politics and Society in Latin America","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Democracy; Regional science; Geography; Variety (cybernetics); Political science; State (computer science); Unitary state; Development economics; Economic growth; Public administration; Politics; Economics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002913681,0.0001172383,0.0001599234,0.00008815405,0.001052995,0.00009557174,0.0001939333,0.00003887236,0.00001081447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002890803,0.00008499713,0.00003503481,0.000581608,0.0004782054,0.0002397118,0.00002162946,0.0006802347,0.000002930727],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003838535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005272582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4128737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6915929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972814,0.0003633549,0.0001941736,0.0001448738,0.0007729257,0.001243305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984425,0.0004437901,0.0001611877,0.00005973123,0.0007351919,0.00015754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006554211,0.00004231159,0.03511979,5.850043e-7,0.00009261091,1.209391e-7,0.02937202,0.001195959,0.000003829754,0.9337454,0.0002380964,0.000123731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002048173,0.00008978274,0.1496001,0.00001529507,0.00004004505,0.00004017096,0.2352563,0.001485746,0.00003214466,0.5864297,0.02457279,0.0003898074],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9331313,0.001981211,0.01251121,0.03541736,0.0001223659,0.0007963229,0.00003292647,0.00002363096,0.01598372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977669,0.0005316068,0.0000978459,0.0009387175,0.0001995476,0.00003049622,0.000009605241,0.000008603764,0.0004167252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3473157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01146232893007545,"score_gpt":0.3305452499435155,"score_spread":0.31908292101344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}