{"id":"W1480681192","doi":"","title":"The Welfare Enigma: Explaining the Dramatic Decline in Canadians' Use of Social Assistance, 1993-2005","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C.D. Howe Institute Commentary","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welfare; Welfare dependency; Social Welfare; Dependency (UML); Demographic economics; Economics; Drop out; Development economics; Public economics; Political science; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008100581,0.0009816955,0.001029273,0.002043747,0.01929313,0.006706506,0.005741227,0.01802907,0.005407985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02815338,0.0004491386,0.001046083,0.004315544,0.01161548,0.003551223,0.002479359,0.01555111,0.0005638473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.09219228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1633875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9880332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.994044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965719,0.0004911219,0.00011934,0.0005317211,0.001142798,0.001143077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9833318,0.007316859,0.001121682,0.0002747536,0.006689825,0.001264945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008596513,0.000017144,0.007579266,0.0003146886,0.00008346939,0.0004316162,0.008336442,0.0004576939,0.00008482937,0.04997838,0.9145237,0.01810692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009941392,0.00003745373,0.04230178,0.003073115,0.0003398282,0.0002561376,0.04512885,0.002055695,0.00053958,0.02878918,0.877013,0.0003660792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.002969683,0.008353915,0.0001563393,0.9801432,0.003620166,0.000007983822,0.0005664599,0.00001781567,0.004164462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1612474,0.02039173,0.0007182417,0.7913283,0.01432918,0.0000467305,0.0005439818,0.0001136658,0.01128069],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09219228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.668905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03887215230271352,"score_gpt":0.2773750374690689,"score_spread":0.2385028851663554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}