{"id":"W1482241151","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1820917","title":"Who Needs Strong Leaders?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Subversion; Argument (complex analysis); Legislature; Revenue; Property rights; Public economics; Public support; Inequality; Economics; Tax revenue; Law and economics; Survey data collection; Economic inequality; Business; Microeconomics; Political science; Law; Finance; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001031748,0.0001161112,0.0001767418,0.0001019814,0.002067992,0.0000492494,0.0002394185,0.00007000504,0.0001214973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006799003,0.0001039792,0.0001024953,0.0002388757,0.0003088537,0.0003059548,0.00002426182,0.0008608033,0.00009829072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009005563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002692315,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003844749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008059358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972726,0.00007277777,0.0002044738,0.0001208365,0.0002751077,0.002054173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996153,0.00003296752,0.00009926398,0.00006689576,0.00007947,0.0001061547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024983,0.00006079492,0.07928007,0.000002527535,0.0003134944,0.000009934615,0.0718718,0.000009905211,0.00000749501,0.8236675,0.01656576,0.008185787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007717257,0.0001309777,0.007850798,0.00001688004,0.00002653537,0.0002052218,0.5078534,0.000002844887,0.00001675229,0.0679811,0.414743,0.0004006486],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5408109,0.01317292,0.002297394,0.0113999,0.0008004966,0.0002432574,0.000001509876,0.0001402,0.4311334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9264314,0.02490816,0.00004302078,0.0002054922,0.0008516451,0.000003318882,8.628719e-7,0.000009176963,0.04754689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7556863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04157968891471303,"score_gpt":0.2857122201861282,"score_spread":0.2441325312714152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}