{"id":"W1482854002","doi":"","title":"South African brain drain costing $5 billion — and counting","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","topic":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brain drain; Poaching; Activity-based costing; Medicine; Medical emergency; Political science; Business; Family medicine; Economic growth; Environmental health; Accounting; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007171192,0.0006056484,0.0002529426,0.0007688851,0.001660776,0.002632003,0.0003902589,0.002169047,0.0545995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003456866,0.0001402448,0.0003614484,0.001326624,0.0008031796,0.002292496,0.002422886,0.002318256,0.006435892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001800335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005388627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01789284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02892403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995385,0.00010581,0.00002412844,0.00002329067,0.0001563424,0.0001520157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988847,0.0001399285,0.00009395024,0.0000463291,0.0002831967,0.0005518609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001429642,0.00002923533,0.001951787,0.0005326937,0.00004564684,0.0003581805,0.0002761532,0.00007280348,0.0007425774,0.008670167,0.8463785,0.1407993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000199332,0.00003548994,0.005719451,0.0006343456,0.00002218647,0.0003924929,0.001469911,0.00004274255,0.000261691,0.002415,0.9889761,0.00001068001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03014759,0.04747358,0.0006061915,0.7582784,0.02601337,0.00008882791,0.002338639,0.0002256274,0.1348278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2954144,0.1333077,0.004750605,0.1854458,0.01213636,0.0002239469,0.004022462,0.0003701828,0.3643285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0545995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1826535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05731018019529745,"score_gpt":0.3114584959264551,"score_spread":0.2541483157311577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}