{"id":"W1483373235","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.327564","title":"How Much Language is Enough? Some Immigrant Language Lessons from Canada and Germany","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Naturalization; German; Citizenship; Immigration; Political science; Standard language; Incentive; Laissez-faire; Language acquisition; Official language; Multilingualism; Linguistics; Sociology; Law; Economics; Alien; Pedagogy; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004161205,0.0006518516,0.000858969,0.001339326,0.04868615,0.01057292,0.002920823,0.0038161,0.005617404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00717662,0.0003771114,0.0004020753,0.003824039,0.01506051,0.003815429,0.006670505,0.008324961,0.0002903557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.09450824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1248428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9855297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9943172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952809,0.00111867,0.000062759,0.000206284,0.0005491095,0.002782239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951671,0.001328113,0.0001640553,0.00006865293,0.001138116,0.002133898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002596269,0.0002090229,0.01039501,0.0001487391,0.000030196,0.002088156,0.8851231,0.0002462145,0.0003046929,0.04036702,0.02837423,0.03245401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001509064,0.00003155986,0.00662469,0.0002106212,0.00001856924,0.00007841852,0.9514179,0.00004617132,0.0001514665,0.001454046,0.03992386,0.00002768847],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8263214,0.00600844,0.000158417,0.07694197,0.0003919684,0.0000503227,0.0001562156,0.00001799485,0.08995336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693494,0.002804163,0.0001024002,0.005104793,0.00003167022,0.00002002763,0.00005673685,0.00002661704,0.02250416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09450824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6857085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01929025328455321,"score_gpt":0.3420629191858685,"score_spread":0.3227726659013153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}