{"id":"W148526578","doi":"10.17159/obiter.v34i1.12093","title":"THE CRIME OF DEFAMATION – STILL DEFENSIBLE IN A MODERN CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Obiter","topic":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Conviction; Context (archaeology); Political science; Freedom of the press; Commonwealth; Freedom of thought; Constitution; Democracy; Criminal law; Human rights; Reasonable doubt; Declaration; Politics; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003330199,0.00003615861,0.0000615535,0.00003067877,0.0001801034,0.00004205002,0.00007114527,0.00004722752,0.0001601014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004061367,0.00002761908,0.00003304133,0.0001541575,0.0003227797,0.0001609194,0.00002256107,0.00005170373,0.00003007226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003298597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000232572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001185137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005856751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992887,0.0001271897,0.0001530848,0.00008502953,0.0002338672,0.0001121636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994653,0.0001989046,0.00005375829,0.00009717145,0.0001548193,0.00003007857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002230884,0.000063862,0.007120396,0.000008993135,0.000006293089,0.000006083815,0.005381078,0.0002312858,0.007182256,0.9666615,0.006311098,0.007004804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002254924,0.00003789297,0.06226767,0.000372031,0.00003089988,0.00001395922,0.01190471,0.01123964,0.01813383,0.576219,0.3170354,0.0004900764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4690203,0.001141304,0.009829528,0.006753259,0.0007977298,0.0002817713,0.00001188545,0.00005075036,0.5121135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971157,0.00004460145,0.0008234725,0.0002018268,0.00004203642,0.00000469167,0.000005752242,0.000001763863,0.001760133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5280954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1752997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02523867526518662,"score_gpt":0.3045188644110031,"score_spread":0.2792801891458165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}